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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 28, 2024
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-08822

CAVCO INDUSTRIES INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 56-2405642
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3636 North Central Ave, Ste 1200
| Phoenix | Arizona | 85012 |
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(602) 256-6263
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 | CVCO | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
|  | (Nasdaq Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐
Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐
|  | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 24, 2024, 8,106,672 shares of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding.

CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
September 28, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 28, 2024 (unaudited) and March 30, 2024 | 1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023 | 2
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023 | 3
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 4
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 24
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 24
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 25
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 25
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 25
Item 3. Not applicable |
Item 4. Not applicable |
Item 5. Other Information | 25
Item 6. Exhibits | 26
SIGNATURES | 27

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
ASSETS | (Unaudited) |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 364,113 |  |  | $ | 352,687 |
Restricted cash, current | 21,519 |  |  | 15,481 |
Accounts receivable, net | 94,296 |  |  | 77,123 |
Short-term investments | 24,574 |  |  | 18,270 |
Current portion of consumer loans receivable, net | 30,899 |  |  | 20,713 |
Current portion of commercial loans receivable, net | 36,887 |  |  | 40,787 |
Current portion of commercial loans receivable from affiliates, net | 2,894 |  |  | 2,529 |
Inventories | 244,025 |  |  | 241,339 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 82,758 |  |  | 82,870 |
Total current assets | 901,965 |  |  | 851,799 |
Restricted cash | 585 |  |  | 585 |
Investments | 12,845 |  |  | 17,316 |
Consumer loans receivable, net | 20,770 |  |  | 23,354 |
Commercial loans receivable, net | 47,192 |  |  | 45,660 |
Commercial loans receivable from affiliates, net | 3,933 |  |  | 2,065 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 225,121 |  |  | 224,199 |
Goodwill | 121,969 |  |  | 121,934 |
Other intangibles, net | 27,445 |  |  | 28,221 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 36,378 |  |  | 39,027 |
Total assets | $ | 1,398,203 |  |  | $ | 1,354,160 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 39,252 |  |  | $ | 33,531 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 272,228 |  |  | 239,736 |
Total current liabilities | 311,480 |  |  | 273,267 |
Operating lease liabilities | 32,485 |  |  | 35,148 |
Other liabilities | 7,529 |  |  | 7,759 |
Deferred income taxes | 4,732 |  |  | 4,575 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; No shares issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; Issued 9,417,332 and 9,389,953 shares, respectively; Outstanding 8,158,996 and 8,320,718 shares, respectively | 94 |  |  | 94 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,258,336 and 1,069,235 shares, respectively | (348,406) |  |  | (274,693) |
Additional paid-in capital | 284,995 |  |  | 281,216 |
Retained earnings | 1,105,371 |  |  | 1,027,127 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (77) |  |  | (333) |
Total stockholders' equity | 1,041,977 |  |  | 1,033,411 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,398,203 |  |  | $ | 1,354,160 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1

Table of Contents
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Net revenue | $ | 507,461 |  |  | $ | 452,030 |  |  | $ | 985,060 |  |  | $ | 927,905 |
Cost of sales | 391,339 |  |  | 345,073 |  |  | 765,536 |  |  | 703,069 |
Gross profit | 116,122 |  |  | 106,957 |  |  | 219,524 |  |  | 224,836 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 66,997 |  |  | 61,506 |  |  | 131,848 |  |  | 123,186 |
Income from operations | 49,125 |  |  | 45,451 |  |  | 87,676 |  |  | 101,650 |
Interest income | 5,692 |  |  | 5,812 |  |  | 11,203 |  |  | 10,430 |
Interest expense | (125) |  |  | (257) |  |  | (215) |  |  | (523) |
Other income, net | 258 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 781 |
Income before income taxes | 54,950 |  |  | 51,661 |  |  | 98,811 |  |  | 112,338 |
Income tax expense | (11,135) |  |  | (10,088) |  |  | (20,567) |  |  | (24,354) |
Net income | 43,815 |  |  | 41,573 |  |  | 78,244 |  |  | 87,984 |
Less: net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Net income attributable to Cavco common stockholders | $ | 43,815 |  |  | $ | 41,539 |  |  | $ | 78,244 |  |  | $ | 87,896 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 43,815 |  |  | $ | 41,573 |  |  | $ | 78,244 |  |  | $ | 87,984 |
Reclassification adjustment for securities sold | 262 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 6 |
Applicable income tax (expense) | (55) |  |  | — |  |  | (57) |  |  | (1) |
Net change in unrealized position of investments held | (11) |  |  | 65 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 9 |
Applicable income tax (expense) | 3 |  |  | (14) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (2) |
Comprehensive income | 44,014 |  |  | 41,627 |  |  | 78,501 |  |  | 87,996 |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Cavco common stockholders | $ | 44,014 |  |  | $ | 41,593 |  |  | $ | 78,501 |  |  | $ | 87,908 |
Net income per share attributable to Cavco common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 5.33 |  |  | $ | 4.80 |  |  | $ | 9.48 |  |  | $ | 10.15 |
Diluted | $ | 5.28 |  |  | $ | 4.76 |  |  | $ | 9.38 |  |  | $ | 10.05 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 8,226,298 |  |  | 8,656,537 |  |  | 8,256,664 |  |  | 8,663,430 |
Diluted | 8,305,326 |  |  | 8,731,419 |  |  | 8,337,671 |  |  | 8,742,734 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2

Table of Contents
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $ | 78,244 |  |  | $ | 87,984 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 9,520 |  |  | 9,234 |
Provision for credit losses | (260) |  |  | (204) |
Deferred income taxes | 88 |  |  | (1,845) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 4,907 |  |  | 2,989 |
Non-cash interest income, net | (527) |  |  | (1,413) |
Loss on sale or retirement of property, plant and equipment, net | 26 |  |  | 40 |
Gain on investments and sale of loans, net | (1,694) |  |  | (4,278) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (17,261) |  |  | 144 |
Consumer loans receivable originated | (39,914) |  |  | (56,158) |
Proceeds from sales of consumer loans receivable | 30,899 |  |  | 65,113 |
Principal payments received on consumer loans receivable | 3,146 |  |  | 3,567 |
Inventories | (2,686) |  |  | 19,683 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,017 |  |  | 17,823 |
Commercial loans receivable originated | (54,724) |  |  | (51,768) |
Principal payments received on commercial loans receivable | 55,147 |  |  | 59,378 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 36,146 |  |  | 9,911 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 102,074 |  |  | 160,200 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (9,854) |  |  | (8,470) |
Payments for acquisitions, net | — |  |  | (1,298) |
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 127 |  |  | 4,490 |
Purchases of investments | (12,433) |  |  | (6,499) |
Proceeds from sale of investments | 11,131 |  |  | 5,356 |
Net cash used in by investing activities | (11,029) |  |  | (6,421) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Payments for taxes on stock option exercises and releases of equity awards | (2,921) |  |  | (1,643) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1,793 |  |  | 909 |
Payments on finance leases and other secured financings | (177) |  |  | (295) |
Payments for common stock repurchases | (72,276) |  |  | (40,911) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | (300) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (73,581) |  |  | (42,240) |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 17,464 |  |  | 111,539 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the fiscal year | 368,753 |  |  | 283,490 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period | $ | 386,217 |  |  | $ | 395,029 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 18,825 |  |  | $ | 18,641 |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 368 |
Supplemental disclosures of noncash activity |  |  |
Change in GNMA loans eligible for repurchase | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | (3,250) |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3

Table of Contents
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of Cavco Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us," "our," the "Company" or "Cavco") have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In addition, references throughout to numbered "Notes" refer to these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), unless otherwise stated.
In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to fairly state the interim results for the periods presented. We have evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date through the date of the filing of this report with the SEC, and there were no disclosable subsequent events. These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 30, 2024, filed with the SEC ("Form 10-K").
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes. Due to uncertainties, actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results or cash flows for the full year. The Company operates on a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday nearest to March 31 st of each year. Each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks, with an occasional fourth quarter extending to 14 weeks, if necessary, for the fiscal year to end on the Saturday nearest to March 31 st. The current fiscal year will end on March 29, 2025 and will include 52 weeks.
For a description of significant accounting policies we used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, please refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Form 10-K.
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Taxes Disclosures, which requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures. The new standard requires additional information to be disclosed with respect to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. This ASU should be applied prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of this guidance on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires companies to enhance the disclosures about segment expenses. The new standard requires the disclosure of the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), expanded incremental line-item disclosures of significant segment expenses used by the CODM for decision-making, and the inclusion of previous annual only segment disclosure requirements on a quarterly basis. This ASU should be applied retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of this guidance on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
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3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following table summarizes Net revenue disaggregated by reportable segment and source (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Factory-built housing |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home sales | $ | 469,676 |  |  | $ | 410,040 |  |  | $ | 906,105 |  |  | $ | 849,784 |
Delivery, setup and other revenues | 16,667 |  |  | 24,026 |  |  | 38,286 |  |  | 41,391 |
| 486,343 |  |  | 434,066 |  |  | 944,391 |  |  | 891,175 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance agency commissions received from third-party insurance companies | 1,268 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 2,674 |  |  | 1,916 |
All other sources | 19,850 |  |  | 16,947 |  |  | 37,995 |  |  | 34,814 |
| 21,118 |  |  | 17,964 |  |  | 40,669 |  |  | 36,730 |
| $ | 507,461 |  |  | $ | 452,030 |  |  | $ | 985,060 |  |  | $ | 927,905 |

4. Investments
Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 20,482 |  |  | $ | 18,669 |
Marketable equity securities | 11,827 |  |  | 11,961 |
Non-marketable equity investments | 5,110 |  |  | 4,956 |
| 37,419 |  |  | 35,586 |
Less short-term investments | (24,574) |  |  | (18,270) |
| $ | 12,845 |  |  | $ | 17,316 |

The amortized cost and fair value of our investments in available-for-sale debt securities, by security type, are shown in the table below (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 8,248 |  |  | $ | 8,246 |  |  | $ | 2,933 |  |  | $ | 2,865 |
State and political subdivision debt securities | 3,575 |  |  | 3,558 |  |  | 5,041 |  |  | 4,930 |
Corporate debt securities | 8,757 |  |  | 8,678 |  |  | 11,117 |  |  | 10,874 |
| $ | 20,580 |  |  | $ | 20,482 |  |  | $ | 19,091 |  |  | $ | 18,669 |

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The amortized cost and fair value of our investments in available-for-sale debt securities, by contractual maturity, are shown in the table below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers at times have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties.

| September 28, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in less than one year | $ | 7,534 |  |  | $ | 7,475 |
Due after one year through five years | 4,573 |  |  | 4,536 |
Due after five years through ten years | 225 |  |  | 225 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 8,248 |  |  | 8,246 |
| $ | 20,580 |  |  | $ | 20,482 |

Net investment gains and losses on marketable equity securities were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Marketable equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) recognized during the period | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | (185) |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 275 |
Less: Net loss (gain) recognized on securities sold during the period | 88 |  |  | (110) |  |  | (464) |  |  | (130) |
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized during the period on securities still held | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (295) |  |  | $ | (404) |  |  | $ | 145 |

5. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Raw materials | $ | 76,120 |  |  | $ | 78,241 |
Work in process | 31,247 |  |  | 27,977 |
Finished goods | 136,658 |  |  | 135,121 |
| $ | 244,025 |  |  | $ | 241,339 |

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6. Consumer Loans Receivable
The following table summarizes consumer loans receivable (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Loans held for investment, previously securitized | $ | 15,162 |  |  | $ | 16,968 |
Loans held for investment | 12,230 |  |  | 12,826 |
Loans held for sale | 23,708 |  |  | 15,140 |
Construction advances | 2,409 |  |  | 722 |
| 53,509 |  |  | 45,656 |
Deferred financing fees and other, net | (834) |  |  | (523) |
Allowance for loan losses | (1,006) |  |  | (1,066) |
| 51,669 |  |  | 44,067 |
Less current portion | (30,899) |  |  | (20,713) |
| $ | 20,770 |  |  | $ | 23,354 |

The consumer loans held for investment had the following characteristics:

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Weighted average contractual interest rate | 8.1 | % |  | 8.1 | %
Weighted average effective interest rate | 7.8 | % |  | 10.4 | %
Weighted average months to maturity | 211 |  | 196

The following table is a consolidated summary of the delinquency status of the outstanding principal balance of consumer loans receivable (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Current | $ | 52,074 |  |  | $ | 43,810 |
31 to 60 days | 261 |  |  | 1,063 |
61 to 90 days | 119 |  |  | 131 |
91+ days | 1,055 |  |  | 652 |
| $ | 53,509 |  |  | $ | 45,656 |

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The following table disaggregates the outstanding principal balance of consumer loans receivable by credit quality indicator and fiscal year of origination (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Prior |  | Total
Prime- FICO score 680 and greater | $ | 12,692 |  |  | $ | 9,455 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 14,477 |  |  | $ | 37,917 |
Near Prime- FICO score 620-679 | 2,056 |  |  | 1,557 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | 9,235 |  |  | 13,886 |
Sub-Prime- FICO score less than 620 | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 718 |  |  | 761 |
No FICO score | 211 |  |  | 444 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 290 |  |  | 945 |
| $ | 14,985 |  |  | $ | 11,456 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 1,929 |  |  | $ | 24,720 |  |  | $ | 53,509 |

| March 30, 2024
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | Total
Prime- FICO score 680 and greater | $ | 14,107 |  |  | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 885 |  |  | $ | 1,808 |  |  | $ | 14,425 |  |  | $ | 31,649 |
Near Prime- FICO score 620-679 | 1,633 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | 942 |  |  | 8,684 |  |  | 12,461 |
Sub-Prime- FICO score less than 620 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 723 |  |  | 790 |
No FICO score | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 309 |  |  | 756 |
| $ | 16,187 |  |  | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 2,105 |  |  | $ | 2,799 |  |  | $ | 24,141 |  |  | $ | 45,656 |

As of September 28, 2024, 53% of the outstanding principal balance of the consumer loans receivable portfolio was concentrated in Texas. As of March 30, 2024, 46% of the outstanding principal balance of the consumer loans receivable portfolio was concentrated in Texas and 10% was concentrated in Florida. Other than Texas and Florida, no sta te had concentrations in excess of 10% of the outstanding principal balance of the consumer loans receivable as of September 28, 2024 or March 30, 2024.
7. Commercial Loans Receivable
The commercial loans receivable balance consists of direct financing arrangements for the home product needs of our independent distributors, community owners and developers.
Commercial loans receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Loans receivable | $ | 91,588 |  |  | $ | 91,938 |
Allowance for loan losses | (484) |  |  | (781) |
Deferred financing fees, net | (198) |  |  | (116) |
| 90,906 |  |  | 91,041 |
Less current portion of commercial loans receivable (including from affiliates), net | (39,781) |  |  | (43,316) |
| $ | 51,125 |  |  | $ | 47,725 |

The commercial loans receivable balance had the following characteristics:

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Weighted average contractual interest rate | 7.3 | % |  | 7.4 | %
Weighted average months outstanding | 10 |  | 12

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Nonperforming status includes loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis and accruing loans with principal payments 90 days or more past due. As of September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, there were no commercial loans considered nonperforming. The following table disaggregates the outstanding principal balance of our commercial loans receivable by fiscal year of origination (in thousands):

|  | September 28, 2024 |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Total |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 40,830 |  |  | $ | 34,916 |  |  | $ | 11,789 |  |  | $ | 1,886 |  |  | $ | 2,167 |  |  | $ | 91,588 |  |  |  |  |

|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Total |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 57,691 |  |  | $ | 25,066 |  |  | $ | 4,823 |  |  | $ | 2,144 |  |  | $ | 2,214 |  |  | $ | 91,938 |  |  |  |  |

As of September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, there were no commercial loans 90 days or more past due that were still accruing interest, and we were not aware of any potential problem loans that would have a material effect on the commercial loans receivable balance.
As of September 28, 2024, we had concentrations of our outstanding principal balance of the commercial loans receivable balance in New York of 18% and California of 16%. As of March 30, 2024, 18% of our outstanding principal balance of the commercial loans receivable balance was in New York. No other state had concentrations in excess of 10% of the outstanding principal balance of the commercial loans receivable as of September 28, 2024 or March 30, 2024.
As of September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, one independent third-party and its affiliates comprised 12% and 13%, respectively, of the net commercial loans receivable principal balance outstanding, all of which are secured.
8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Customer deposits | $ | 46,712 |  |  | $ | 40,856 |
Salaries, wages and benefits | 43,673 |  |  | 38,125 |
Unearned insurance premiums | 35,490 |  |  | 33,449 |
Estimated warranties | 33,081 |  |  | 31,718 |
Accrued volume rebates | 29,208 |  |  | 21,167 |
Insurance loss reserves | 14,620 |  |  | 10,540 |
Accrued insurance | 14,194 |  |  | 14,124 |
Other | 55,250 |  |  | 49,757 |
| $ | 272,228 |  |  | $ | 239,736 |

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9. Warranties
Activity in the liability for estimated warranties was as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 31,815 |  |  | $ | 32,401 |  |  | $ | 31,718 |  |  | $ | 31,368 |
Charged to costs and expenses | 13,990 |  |  | 12,206 |  |  | 26,081 |  |  | 25,615 |
Payments and deductions | (12,724) |  |  | (11,592) |  |  | (24,718) |  |  | (23,968) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 33,081 |  |  | $ | 33,015 |  |  | $ | 33,081 |  |  | $ | 33,015 |

10. Other Liabilities
The following table summarizes secured financings and other obligations (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Finance lease liabilities | $ | 6,127 |  |  | $ | 6,166 |
Other secured financing | 1,726 |  |  | 1,916 |
| 7,853 |  |  | 8,082 |
Less current portion included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | (324) |  |  | (323) |
| $ | 7,529 |  |  | $ | 7,759 |

11. Debt
As of September 28, 2024, we are party to a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") that matures in November 2027 with Bank of America, N.A., providing for a $50 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") which may be increased up to an aggregate amount of $100 million.
As of September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and we were in compliance with all covenants.
12. Reinsurance and Insurance Loss Reserves
Certain of Standard Casualty Company's ("Standard Casualty") premiums and benefits are assumed from and ceded to other insurance companies under various reinsurance agreements. We remain obligated for amounts ceded in the event that the reinsurers do not meet their obligations.
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The effects of reinsurance on premiums written and earned were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| Written |  | Earned |  | Written |  | Earned
Direct premiums | $ | 9,380 |  |  | $ | 12,177 |  |  | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 9,371 |
Assumed premiums—nonaffiliated | 11,303 |  |  | 10,095 |  |  | 9,505 |  |  | 8,851 |
Ceded premiums—nonaffiliated | (8,880) |  |  | (8,880) |  |  | (6,438) |  |  | (6,438) |
| $ | 11,803 |  |  | $ | 13,392 |  |  | $ | 13,134 |  |  | $ | 11,784 |
| Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| Written |  | Earned |  | Written |  | Earned
Direct premiums | $ | 22,883 |  |  | $ | 24,479 |  |  | $ | 20,446 |  |  | $ | 18,047 |
Assumed premiums—nonaffiliated | 23,038 |  |  | 19,599 |  |  | 19,305 |  |  | 17,421 |
Ceded premiums—nonaffiliated | (17,065) |  |  | (17,065) |  |  | (12,565) |  |  | (12,565) |
| $ | 28,856 |  |  | $ | 27,013 |  |  | $ | 27,186 |  |  | $ | 22,903 |

Typical insurance policies written or assumed have a maximum coverage of $0.4 million per claim, of which we cede $0.15 million of the risk of loss per reinsurance. Therefore, our risk of loss is limited to $0.25 million per claim on typical policies, subject to the reinsurers meeting their obligations. After this limit, amounts are recoverable through reinsurance for catastrophic losses in excess of $4.0 million per occurrence, up to a maximum of $110 million in the aggregate for that occurrence.
The following details the activity in the incurred but not reported ("IBNR") reserve for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 a nd September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 18,927 |  |  | $ | 13,001 |  |  | $ | 10,540 |  |  | $ | 10,939 |
Net incurred losses during the period | 14,128 |  |  | 8,586 |  |  | 32,091 |  |  | 19,663 |
Net claim payments during the period | (18,435) |  |  | (12,433) |  |  | (28,011) |  |  | (21,448) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 14,620 |  |  | $ | 9,154 |  |  | $ | 14,620 |  |  | $ | 9,154 |

13. Commitments and Contingencies
Repurchase Contingencies. The maximum amount for which the Company was liable under the terms of repurchase agreements with financial institutions that provide inventory financing to independent distributors of our products approximated $126 million and $121 million at September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, respectively, without reduction for the estimated resale value of the home s. During the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 we did not receive any demand notices. In all cas es, the estimated fair value exceeded the repurchase price so no loss reserve was deemed necessary. Our reserve for repurchase commitments, recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, was $3.1 million at September 28, 2024 and $2.9 million at March 30, 2024.
Construction-Period Mortgages. Loan contracts with off-balance sheet commitments are summarized below (in thousands):
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| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Construction loan contract amount | $ | 7,787 |  |  | $ | 1,960 |
Cumulative advances | (2,409) |  |  | (722) |
| $ | 5,378 |  |  | $ | 1,238 |

Representations and Warranties of Mortgages Sold. The reserve for contingent repurchases and indemnification obliga tions was $0.6 million as of both September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no claim requests that resulted in the repurchase of any loans during the six months ended September 28, 2024 or September 30, 2023.
Interest Rate Lock Commitments ("IRLCs"). As of September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, we had outstanding IRLCs with a notional amount of $14.7 million and $39.0 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended September 28, 2024, we recognized insignificant non-cash gains on outstanding IRLCs. For the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized insignificant non-cash losses on outstanding IRLCs.
Forward Sales Commitments. As of September 28, 2024 and March 30, 2024, we had $7.1 million and $2.8 million in outstanding forward sales commitments for sales of mortgage backed securities and whole loan commitments (collectively, the "Commitments"), respectively. During the three and six months ended September 28, 2024, we recognized insignificant non-cash losses. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized insignificant non-cash gains.
Legal Matters. We are party to certain lawsuits in the ordinary course of business. Based on management's present knowledge of the facts and (in certain cases) advice of outside counsel, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters are likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations after taking into account any existing reserves, which reserves are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, future events or circumstances that may currently be unknown to management will determine whether the resolution of pending or threatened litigation or claims will ultimately have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations in any future reporting periods.
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14. Stockholders' Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
The following tables represent changes in stockholders' equity attributable to Cavco's stockholders and redeemable noncontrolling interest during the six months ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively (dollars in thousands):

| Equity Attributable to Cavco Stockholders
|  |  |  |  | Treasury stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Total
| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance, March 30, 2024 | 9,389,953 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | (274,693) |  |  | $ | 281,216 |  |  | $ | 1,027,127 |  |  | $ | (333) |  |  | $ | 1,033,411 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,429 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,429 |
Other comprehensive income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 58 |
Net issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans | 11,104 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,348) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,348) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,194 |
Common stock repurchases |  |  |  |  | (29,204) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (29,204) |
Balance, June 29, 2024 | 9,401,057 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | (303,897) |  |  | $ | 281,062 |  |  | $ | 1,061,556 |  |  | $ | (275) |  |  | $ | 1,038,540 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,815 |
Other comprehensive income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 198 |  |  | 198 |
Net issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans | 16,275 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,713 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,713 |
Common stock repurchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,509) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,509) |
Balance, September 28, 2024 | 9,417,332 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | (348,406) |  |  | $ | 284,995 |  |  | $ | 1,105,371 |  |  | $ | (77) |  |  | $ | 1,041,977 |

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| Equity Attributable to Cavco Stockholders |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Treasury stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Total |  | Redeemable noncontrolling interest |  |  |
| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, April 1, 2023 | 9,337,125 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (164,452) |  |  | $ | 271,950 |  |  | $ | 869,310 |  |  | $ | (615) |  |  | $ | 976,286 |  |  | $ | 1,219 |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,357 |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (42) |  |  | (42) |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Net issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans | 10,095 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,213) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,213) |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,438 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,438 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Distributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (120) |  |  |  |
Valuation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (33) |  |  |  |
Balance, July 1, 2023 | 9,347,220 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (164,452) |  |  | $ | 272,175 |  |  | $ | 915,667 |  |  | $ | (657) |  |  | $ | 1,022,826 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,539 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,539 |  |  | 34 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Net issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans | 9,201 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 478 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 479 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,551 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,551 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Common stock repurchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47,194) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47,194) |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Distributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (180) |  |  |  |
Conversion to mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (974) |  |  |  |
Balance, September 30, 2023 | 9,356,421 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | (211,646) |  |  | $ | 274,204 |  |  | $ | 957,206 |  |  | $ | (603) |  |  | $ | 1,019,255 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |

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15. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Net income attributable to Cavco common stockholders | $ | 43,815 |  |  | $ | 41,539 |  |  | $ | 78,244 |  |  | $ | 87,896 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 8,226,298 |  |  | 8,656,537 |  |  | 8,256,664 |  |  | 8,663,430 |
Effect of dilutive securities | 79,028 |  |  | 74,882 |  |  | 81,007 |  |  | 79,304 |
Diluted | 8,305,326 |  |  | 8,731,419 |  |  | 8,337,671 |  |  | 8,742,734 |
Net income per share attributable to Cavco common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 5.33 |  |  | $ | 4.80 |  |  | $ | 9.48 |  |  | $ | 10.15 |
Diluted | $ | 5.28 |  |  | $ | 4.76 |  |  | $ | 9.38 |  |  | $ | 10.05 |
Anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded | 257 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 320 |

16. Fair Value Measurements
The book value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
| Book Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Book Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 20,482 |  |  | $ | 20,482 |  |  | $ | 18,669 |  |  | $ | 18,669 |
Marketable equity securities | 11,827 |  |  | 11,827 |  |  | 11,961 |  |  | 11,961 |
Non-marketable equity investments | 5,110 |  |  | 5,110 |  |  | 4,956 |  |  | 4,956 |
Consumer loans receivable | 51,669 |  |  | 55,914 |  |  | 44,067 |  |  | 49,105 |
Commercial loans receivable | 90,906 |  |  | 81,030 |  |  | 91,041 |  |  | 80,764 |
Other secured financing | (1,726) |  |  | (1,721) |  |  | (1,916) |  |  | (1,841) |

See Note 20, Fair Value Measurements, and the Fair Value of Financial Instruments caption in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Form 10-K for more information on the methodologies we use in determining fair value.
Mortgage Servicing. Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs") are recorded at fair value in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Number of loans serviced with MSRs | 3,734 |  |  | 3,842 |
Weighted average servicing fee (basis points) | 34.80 |  |  | 34.79 |
Capitalized servicing multiple | 179.9 | % |  | 188.59 | %
Capitalized servicing rate (basis points) | 62.60 |  |  | 65.61 |
Serviced portfolio with MSRs (in thousands) | $ | 465,622 |  |  | $ | 482,898 |
MSRs (in thousands) | $ | 2,915 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |

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17. Business Segment Information
We operate principally in two segments: (1) factory-built housing, which includes wholesale and retail factory-built housing operations, and (2) financial services, which includes manufactured housing consumer finance and insurance. The following table provides selected financial data by segment (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Factory-built housing | $ | 486,343 |  |  | $ | 434,066 |  |  | $ | 944,391 |  |  | $ | 891,175 |
Financial services | 21,118 |  |  | 17,964 |  |  | 40,669 |  |  | 36,730 |
| $ | 507,461 |  |  | $ | 452,030 |  |  | $ | 985,060 |  |  | $ | 927,905 |
Income (loss) before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Factory-built housing | $ | 55,905 |  |  | $ | 50,226 |  |  | $ | 105,005 |  |  | $ | 112,051 |
Financial services | (955) |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | (6,194) |  |  | 287 |
| $ | 54,950 |  |  | $ | 51,661 |  |  | $ | 98,811 |  |  | $ | 112,338 |

| September 28, 2024 |  | March 30, 2024
Total assets: |  |  |
Factory-built housing | $ | 1,169,496 |  |  | $ | 1,141,237 |
Financial services | 228,707 |  |  | 212,923 |
| $ | 1,398,203 |  |  | $ | 1,354,160 |

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Report") include "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are often characterized by the use of words such as "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "may," "will," "intends," "plans," or "anticipates," or by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements include, for example, discussions regarding the manufactured housing and site-built housing industries; discussions regarding our efforts and the efforts of other industry participants to develop the home-only loan secondary market; our financial performance and operating results; our strategy; our liquidity and financial resources; our outlook with respect to Cavco Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us," "our," the "Company" or "Cavco") and the manufactured housing business in general; the expected effect of certain risks and uncertainties on our business, financial condition and results of operations; economic conditions, including concerns of a possible recession, and consumer confidence; trends in interest rates and inflation; potential acquisitions, strategic investments and other expansions; the sufficiency of our liquidity; that we may seek alternative sources of financing in the future; operational and legal risks; how we may be affected by any pandemic or outbreak; geopolitical conditions; the cost and availability of labor and raw materials; governmental regulations and legal proceedings; the availability of favorable consumer and wholesale manufactured home financing; and the ultimate outcome of our commitments and contingencies. Forward-looking statements contained in this Report speak only as of the date of this Report or, in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document. We do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this Report or in any document incorporated herein by reference to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, except as required by law.
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, many of which are beyond our control. To the extent that our assumptions and expectations differ from actual results, our ability to meet such forward-looking statements may be significantly hindered. Factors that could affect our results and cause them to materially differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed under Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Form 10-K").
Introduction
The following should be read in conjunction with the Company's unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes that appear in Part I, Item 1 of this Report. References to "Note" or "Notes" pertain to the Notes to our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Company Overview
Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, we design and produce factory-built homes primarily distributed through a network of independent and Company-owned retailers, planned community operators and residential developers. We are one of the largest producers of manufactured homes in the United States, based on reported wholesale shipments. Our products are marketed under a variety of brand names including Cavco, Fleetwood, Palm Harbor, Nationwide, Fairmont, Friendship, Chariot Eagle, Destiny, Commodore, Colony, Pennwest, R-Anell, Manorwood, MidCountry and Solitaire. We are also a leading producer of park model RVs, vacation cabins and factory-built commercial structures. Our finance subsidiary, CountryPlace Acceptance Corp. ("CountryPlace"), is an approved Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation seller/servicer, and a Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") mortgage-backed securities issuer that offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans to purchasers of factory-built homes. Our insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty, provides property and casualty insurance primarily to owners of manufactured homes.
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We operate a total of 31 homebuilding production lines with domestic locations in Millersburg and Woodburn, Oregon; Riverside, California; Nampa, Idaho; Phoenix, Glendale and Goodyear, Arizona; Deming, New Mexico; Duncan, Oklahoma; Austin, Fort Worth, Seguin and Waco, Texas; Montevideo, Minnesota; Dorchester, Wisconsin; Nappanee and Goshen, Indiana; Lafayette, Tennessee; Douglas and Moultrie, Georgia; Shippenville (two lines) and Emlenton, Pennsylvania; Martinsville and Rocky Mount, Virginia; Crouse and Hamlet, North Carolina; Ocala and Plant City, Florida; and two international lines in Ojinaga, Mexico. We distribute our homes through a large network of independent distribution points in 48 states and Canada and 79 Company-owned U.S. retail stores, of which 47 are located in Texas.
Company and Industry Outlook
According to data reported by the Manufactured Housing Institute, industry home shipments for the calendar year through August 2024 were 68,550, an increase of 16.8% compared to 58,698 shipments in the same calendar period last year. Higher interest rates and continued inflationary pressures have tempered industry demand. However, the manufactured h ousing industry offers solutions to the housing crisis with lower average price per square foot than a site-built home and the comparatively lower cost associated with manufactured home ownership, which remains competitive with rental housing.
The two largest manufactured housing consumer demographics, young adults and those who are age 55 and older, are both growing. "First-time" and "move-up" buyers of affordable homes are historically among the largest segments of new manufactured home purchasers. Included in this group are lower-income households that are particularly affected by periods of low employment rates and underemployment. Consumer confidence is especially important among manufactured home buyers interested in our products for seasonal or retirement living.
We employ a concerted effort to identify niche market opportunities where our diverse product lines and custom building capabilities provide us with a competitive advantage. We are focused on building quality, energy efficient homes for the modern home buyer. Our green building initiatives involve the creation of an energy efficient envelope, including higher utilization of renewable materials and provide lower utility costs. We also build homes designed to use alternative energy sources, such as solar.
We maintain a conservative cost structure in an effort to build added value into our homes and we work diligently to maintain a solid financial position. Our balance sheet strength, including the position in cash and cash equivalents, helps avoid liquidity problems and enables us to act effectively as market opportunities or challenges present themselves.
We continue to make certain commercial loan programs available to members of our wholesale distribution chain. Under direct commercial loan arrangements, we provide funds for financed home purchases by distributors, community operators and residential developers (see Note 7, Commercial Loans Receivable to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements). Our involvement in commercial lending helps to increase the availability of manufactured home financing to distributors, community operators and residential developers and provides additional opportunities for product exposure to potential home buyers. While these initiatives support our ongoing efforts to expand product distribution, they also expose us to risks associated with the creditworthiness of this customer base and our inventory financing partners.
The lack of an efficient secondary market for manufactured home-only loans and the limited number of institutions providing such loans results in higher borrowing costs for home-only loans and continues to constrain industry growth. We work independently and with other industry participants to develop secondary market opportunities for manufactured home-only loan and non-conforming mortgage portfolios and expand lending availability in the industry. We also develop and invest in home-only lending programs to grow sales of homes through traditional distribution points. We believe that growing our investment and participation in home-only lending may provide additional sales growth opportunities for our factory-built housing operations and reduce our customers' dependence on independent lenders for this source of financing.
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Key housing building materials include wood, wood products, steel, gypsum wallboard, windows, doors fiberglass insulation, carpet, vinyl, fasteners, plumbing materials, aluminum, appliances and electrical items. Fluctuations in the cost of materials and labor may affect gross margins from home sales to the extent that costs cannot be efficiently matched to the home sal es price. Pricing and availability of certain raw materials have been volatile due to a number of factors in the current environment. We continue to monitor and react to inflation in the cost of these materials by maintaining a focus on our product pricing in response to higher materials costs, but such product pricing increases may lag behind the escalation of such costs. From time to time and to varying degrees, we may experience shortages in the availability of materials and/or labor in the markets served. Availability of these inputs has not caused significant production halts in the current period, but we have experienced periodic shutdowns in other periods and shortages of primary building materials have caused production inefficiencies as we have needed to change processes in response to the delay in materials. These shortages may also result in extended order backlogs, delays in the delivery of homes and reduced gross margins from home sales.
Our backlog at September 28, 2024 was $276 million compared to $232 million at June 29, 2024, an increase of $44 million and up $106 million compared to $170 million at September 30, 2023.
While it is difficult to predict the future of housing demand, employee availability, supply chain and Company performance and operations, maintaining an appropriately sized and well-trained workforce is key to meeting demand. We continually review the wage rates of our production employees and have established other monetary incentive and benefit programs, with a goal of providing competitive compensation. We are also working to more extensively use web-based recruiting tools, update our recruitment brochures and improve the appearance and appeal of our manufacturing facilities to improve the recruitment and retention of qualified production employees and reduce annualized turnover rates.
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Results of Operations
Net Revenue

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands, except revenue per home sold) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Factory-built housing | $ | 486,343 |  |  | $ | 434,066 |  |  | $ | 52,277 |  |  | 12.0 | %
Financial services | 21,118 |  |  | 17,964 |  |  | 3,154 |  |  | 17.6 | %
| $ | 507,461 |  |  | $ | 452,030 |  |  | $ | 55,431 |  |  | 12.3 | %
Factory-built homes sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |
by Company-owned retail sales centers | 1,032 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 18 |  | 1.8 | %
to independent retailers, builders, communities and developers | 3,881 |  |  | 3,234 |  |  | 647 |  |  | 20.0 | %
| 4,913 |  |  | 4,248 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 15.7 | %
Net factory-built housing revenue per home sold | $ | 98,991 |  |  | $ | 102,181 |  |  | $ | (3,190) |  |  | (3.1) | %
| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands, except revenue per home sold) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Factory-built housing | $ | 944,391 |  |  | $ | 891,175 |  |  | $ | 53,216 |  |  | 6.0 | %
Financial services | 40,669 |  |  | 36,730 |  |  | 3,939 |  |  | 10.7 | %
| $ | 985,060 |  |  | $ | 927,905 |  |  | $ | 57,155 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Factory-built homes sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |
by Company-owned retail sales centers | 2,045 |  |  | 1,973 |  |  | 72 |  | 3.6 | %
to independent retailers, builders, communities and developers | 7,589 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | 732 |  |  | 10.7 | %
| 9,634 |  |  | 8,830 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 9.1 | %
Net factory-built housing revenue per home sold | $ | 98,027 |  |  | $ | 100,926 |  |  | $ | (2,899) |  |  | (2.9) | %

Factory-built housing Net revenue increased for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 due to higher home sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in revenue per home sold. The decrease in revenue per home sold was attributed to a lower proportion of homes sold through our Company-owned stores and, to a lesser extent, product pricing decreases.
Net factory-built housing revenue per home sold is a volatile metric dependent upon several factors. A primary factor is the price disparity between sales of homes to independent distributors, builders, communities and developers and sales of homes to consumers by Company-owned retail stores. Wholesale sales prices are primarily comprised of the home and the cost to ship the home from a homebuilding facility to the home-site. Retail home prices include these items and retail markup, as well as items that are largely subject to home buyer discretion, including, but not limited to, installation, utility connections, site improvements, landscaping and additional services. Our h omes are constructed in one or more floor sections ("modules") which are then installed on the customer's site. Changes in the number of modules per home, the selection of different home types/models and optional home upgrades create changes in product mix, also causing fluctuations in this metric.
For the three and six months ended September 28, 2024, Financial services Net revenue increased primarily due to higher insurance premiums.
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Gross Profit

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Factory-built housing | $ | 111,520 |  |  | $ | 100,507 |  |  | $ | 11,013 |  |  | 11.0 | %
Financial services | 4,602 |  |  | 6,450 |  |  | (1,848) |  |  | (28.7) | %
| $ | 116,122 |  |  | $ | 106,957 |  |  | $ | 9,165 |  |  | 8.6 | %
Gross profit as % of Net revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | 22.9 | % |  | 23.7 | % |  | N/A |  | (0.8) | %
Factory-built housing | 22.9 | % |  | 23.2 | % |  | N/A |  | (0.3) | %
Financial services | 21.8 | % |  | 35.9 | % |  | N/A |  | (14.1) | %
| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Factory-built housing | $ | 215,030 |  |  | $ | 213,875 |  |  | $ | 1,155 |  |  | 0.5 | %
Financial services | 4,494 |  |  | 10,961 |  |  | (6,467) |  |  | (59.0) | %
| $ | 219,524 |  |  | $ | 224,836 |  |  | $ | (5,312) |  |  | (2.4) | %
Gross profit as % of Net revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | 22.3 | % |  | 24.2 | % |  | N/A |  | (1.9) | %
Factory-built housing | 22.8 | % |  | 24.0 | % |  | N/A |  | (1.2) | %
Financial services | 11.1 | % |  | 29.8 | % |  | N/A |  | (18.7) | %

Factory-built housing Gross profit as a percentage of Net revenue for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 decreased primarily due to lower average selling price, partially offset by lower input costs per unit. Factory-built housing Gross profit housing in dollars for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 increased due to higher home sales volume, partially offset by lower average selling price.
Financial services Gross profit in dollars and as a percentage of Net revenue for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 was negatively impacted by high insurance claims from Hurricane Beryl in July 2024 and multiple weather events in Texas, as well as the wildfires in New Mexico in the first quarter of this fiscal year.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Factory-built housing | $ | 61,440 |  |  | $ | 56,455 |  |  | $ | 4,985 |  |  | 8.8 | %
Financial services | 5,557 |  |  | 5,051 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 10.0 | %
| $ | 66,997 |  |  | $ | 61,506 |  |  | $ | 5,491 |  |  | 8.9 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses as % of Net revenue | 13.2 | % |  | 13.6 | % |  | N/A |  | (0.4) | %
| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Factory-built housing | $ | 121,160 |  |  | $ | 112,476 |  |  | $ | 8,684 |  |  | 7.7 | %
Financial services | 10,688 |  |  | 10,710 |  |  | (22) |  |  | (0.2) | %
| $ | 131,848 |  |  | $ | 123,186 |  |  | $ | 8,662 |  |  | 7.0 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses as % of Net revenue | 13.4 | % |  | 13.3 | % |  | N/A |  | 0.1 | %

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased for the three and six months ended September 28, 2024 as a result of increases in variable compensation driven by higher incentive compensation in the second quarter and as a result of increases in compensation related to acquired retail locations for both periods.
Other Components of Net Income

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Interest income | $ | 5,692 |  |  | $ | 5,812 |  |  | $ | (120) |  |  | (2.1) | %
Interest expense | (125) |  |  | (257) |  |  | (132) |  |  | (51.4) | %
Other income, net | 258 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 397 |  |  | (60.6) | %
Income tax expense | (11,135) |  |  | (10,088) |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 10.4 | %
Effective tax rate | 20.3 | % |  | 19.5 | % |  | N/A |  | 0.8 | %
| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | Change
Interest income | $ | 11,203 |  |  | $ | 10,430 |  |  | $ | 773 |  |  | 7.4 | %
Interest expense | (215) |  |  | (523) |  |  | (308) |  |  | (58.9) | %
Other income, net | 147 |  |  | 781 |  |  | 634 |  |  | (81.2) | %
Income tax expense | (20,567) |  |  | (24,354) |  |  | (3,787) |  |  | (15.5) | %
Effective tax rate | 20.8 | % |  | 21.7 | % |  | N/A |  | (0.9) | %

Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on cash balances held in money market accounts, and interest earned on commercial floorplan lending. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to finance leases.
Other income, net primarily consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses on corporate investments and gains and losses from the sale of property, plant and equipment.
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Income tax expense increased for the three months ended September 28, 2024 compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher profit before income taxes, partially offset by a lower effective tax rate due to an increase in energy star tax credits. Income tax expense for the six months ended September 28, 2024 compared to the prior year period decreased due to lower profit and a lower effective tax rate due to an increase in energy star tax credits.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that cash and cash equivalents at September 28, 2024, together with cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operations, cover our obligations and provide for growth for the next 12 months and into the foreseeable future. We maintain cash in U.S. Treasury and other money market funds, some of which is in excess of federally insured limits, but we have not experienced any losses with regards to such excesses. We expect to continue to evaluate potential acquisitions of, or strategic investments in, businesses that are complementary to the Company, as well as other expansion opportunities. Such transactions may require the use of cash and have other impacts on our liquidity and capital resources. We believe we have sufficient liquid resources including our $50 million Revolving Credit Facility which may be increased from time to time through an additional Incremental Term Facility up to an aggregate amount of $100 million and no amounts are outstanding. Depending on our operating results and strategic opportunities, we may choose to seek additional or alternative sources of financing in the future. There can be no assurance that such financing would be available on satisfactory terms, if at all. If this financing were not available, it could be necessary for us to reevaluate our long-term operating plans to make more efficient use of our existing capital resources at such time. The exact nature of any changes to our plans that would be considered depends on various factors, such as conditions in the factory-built housing industry and general economic conditions outside of our control.
State insurance regulations restrict the amount of dividends that can be paid to stockholders of insurance companies. As a result, the assets owned by our insurance subsidiary are generally not available to satisfy the claims of Cavco or its other subsidiaries. We believe that stockholders' equity at the insurance subsidiary remains sufficient and do not believe that the ability to pay ordinary dividends to Cavco at anticipated levels will be restricted per state regulations.
The following is a summary of the Company's cash flows for the six months ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively:

| Six Months Ended |  |
(in thousands) | September 28, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | $ Change
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the fiscal year | $ | 368,753 |  |  | $ | 283,490 |  |  | $ | 85,263 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 102,074 |  |  | 160,200 |  |  | (58,126) |
Net cash used in by investing activities | (11,029) |  |  | (6,421) |  |  | (4,608) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (73,581) |  |  | (42,240) |  |  | (31,341) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period | $ | 386,217 |  |  | $ | 395,029 |  |  | $ | (8,812) |

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased primarily from increases in working capital, primarily $20.5 million in Inventory and $17.4 million from Accounts receivable, and the spread between Consumer loans originated versus sold and Commercial loans originated versus principal payments received on commercial loans. This was partially offset by changes in Accounts payable and accrued expenses due primarily to increased customer deposits and volume rebates due to customers.
Consumer loan originations decreased $16.3 million to $39.9 million for the six months ended September 28, 2024 from $56.2 million for the six months ended September 30, 2023, and proceeds from sales of consumer loans decreased $34.2 million to $30.9 million for the six months ended September 28, 2024 from $65.1 million for the six months ended September 30, 2023.
Commercial loan originations increased $2.9 million to $54.7 million for the six months ended September 28, 2024 from $51.8 million for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Proceeds from the collection on commercial loans provided $55.1 million this year, compared to $59.4 million in the prior year, a net decrease of $4.3 million.
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Net cash for investing activities consists of buying and selling debt and marketable equity securities in our Financial Services segment; purchases of property, plant and equipment; and funding strategic growth acquisitions in our Factory-built Housing segment. The change in cash used in the current period is primarily due to the prior year period including proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment that did not repeat in the current year.
The change in Net cash used in financing activities in the six months ended September 28, 2024 was primarily due to the repurchase of the more shares of common stock and at a higher average daily stock price.
Obligations and Commitments. There were no material changes to the obligations and commitments as set forth in the Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates during the six months ended September 28, 2024, as compared to those disclosed in Part II, Item 7 of the Form 10-K, under the heading "Critical Accounting Estimates," which provides a discussion of the critical accounting estimates that management believes are critical to the Company's operating results or may affect significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes from the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 28, 2024, its disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See the information under the "Legal Matters" caption in Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in the Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in this Report and in the Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On October 31, 2024, the Company announced that the Company's Board of Directors approved a new $100 million stock repurchase program with the same terms and conditions as the previous plan. The following table sets forth repurchases of our common stock during the second quarter of fiscal year 2025:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
June 30, 2024 to August 3, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
August 4, 2024 to August 31, 2024 |  | 53,895 |  |  | 393.69 |  |  | 53,895 |  |  | 76,244 |
September 1, 2024 to September 28, 2024 |  | 54,906 |  |  | 416.95 |  |  | 54,906 |  |  | 53,351 |
|  | 108,801 |  |  |  |  | 108,801 |  |  |

The payment of dividends to Company stockholders is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors, and various factors may prevent us from paying dividends. Such factors include Company cash requirements, covenants of our Credit Agreement and liquidity or other requirements of state, corporate and other laws.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
On August 9, 2024, Julia Sze, an independent director, adopted a programmed plan of transactions intended to satisfy the affirmative defense provided by Rule 10b5-1 (the "Sze 10b5-1 Plan"). This plan was adopted in order to sell-to-cover a number of shares of our Common Stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of Ms. Sze's restricted stock units on July 30, 2024. The Sze 10b5-1 Plan provides for a first possible trade date of November 8, 2024, and terminates automatically on December 10, 2024. The aggregate number of shares to be sold pursuant to the plan is 250 shares of our Common Stock.
On September 13, 2024, Susan Blount, an independent director, also adopted a programmed plan of transactions intended to satisfy the affirmative defense provided by Rule 10b5-1 (the "Blount 10b5-1 Plan"). This plan provides for a first possible trade date of December 13, 2024, and terminates automatically on January 30, 2025. The aggregate number of shares to be sold pursuant to the Blount 10b5-1 Plan is 1,500 shares of Common Stock.
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During the three months ended September 28, 2024, no director or officer of the Company, other than Ms. Sze and Ms. Blount, adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit
10.1* | (1) | Offer Letter, dated as of July 30, 2024, between the Company and Regan Fackrell
31.1 | (1) | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2 | (1) | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32 | (2) | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1) Filed herewith.
(2) Furnished herewith.
*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
All other items required under Part II are omitted because they are not applicable.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Cavco Industries, Inc. |  |  |
Registrant |  |  |
Signature |  | Title | Date
/s/ William C. Boor |  | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer | November 1, 2024
William C. Boor |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
/s/ Allison K. Aden |  | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | November 1, 2024
Allison K. Aden |  | (Principal Financial Officer) |

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