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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission File Number 001-36350
Q2 Holdings, Inc.
Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter

Delaware |  | 20-2706637
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization |  | I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
10355 Pecan Park Boulevard |  |
Austin, | Texas |  | 78729
Address of Principal Executive Offices |  | Zip Code

(833) 444-3469
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code
Not Applicable
Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value | QTWO | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 56,816,830 shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share as of October 31, 2021.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| PAGE
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements. | 3
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 36
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. | 59
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. | 60
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings. | 61
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. | 61
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. | 61
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities. | 61
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. | 61
Item 5. | Other Information. | 61
Item 6. | Exhibits. | 61
SIGNATURES | 63

2

Table of Contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)

|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | (unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 294,771 |  |  | $ | 407,703 |
Restricted cash |  | 2,972 |  |  | 3,482 |
Investments |  | 99,805 |  |  | 131,352 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 53,499 |  |  | 36,430 |
Contract assets, current portion, net |  | 1,263 |  |  | 1,088 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 21,059 |  |  | 8,861 |
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion |  | 23,377 |  |  | 19,042 |
Deferred implementation costs, current portion |  | 7,335 |  |  | 8,258 |
Total current assets |  | 504,081 |  |  | 616,216 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 66,919 |  |  | 49,558 |
Right of use assets |  | 54,012 |  |  | 34,709 |
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion |  | 28,596 |  |  | 32,782 |
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion |  | 18,424 |  |  | 15,184 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 170,960 |  |  | 184,859 |
Goodwill |  | 512,869 |  |  | 462,274 |
Contract assets, net of current portion and allowance |  | 21,704 |  |  | 18,694 |
Other long-term assets |  | 2,082 |  |  | 2,426 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,379,647 |  |  | $ | 1,416,702 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 5,402 |  |  | $ | 7,887 |
Accrued liabilities |  | 17,616 |  |  | 22,444 |
Accrued compensation |  | 32,143 |  |  | 26,716 |
Deferred revenues, current portion |  | 100,119 |  |  | 81,935 |
Lease liabilities, current portion |  | 8,658 |  |  | 6,844 |
Total current liabilities |  | 163,938 |  |  | 145,826 |
Convertible notes, net of current portion |  | 544,703 |  |  | 557,468 |
Deferred revenues, net of current portion |  | 20,552 |  |  | 29,203 |
Lease liabilities, net of current portion |  | 63,700 |  |  | 36,739 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 5,025 |  |  | 4,102 |
Total liabilities |  | 797,918 |  |  | 773,338 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred stock: $0.0001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; 150,000 shares authorized; 56,816 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and 55,562 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,050,182 |  |  | 1,024,577 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 93 |  |  | (32) |
Accumulated deficit |  | (468,552) |  |  | (381,187) |
Total stockholders' equity |  | 581,729 |  |  | 643,364 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,379,647 |  |  | $ | 1,416,702 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Revenues |  | $ | 126,736 |  |  | $ | 103,804 |  |  | $ | 366,829 |  |  | $ | 293,765 |
Cost of revenues(1) |  | 69,726 |  |  | 57,366 |  |  | 201,278 |  |  | 163,676 |
Gross profit |  | 57,010 |  |  | 46,438 |  |  | 165,551 |  |  | 130,089 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing(1) |  | 22,664 |  |  | 18,403 |  |  | 63,067 |  |  | 54,597 |
Research and development(1) |  | 30,763 |  |  | 23,568 |  |  | 86,987 |  |  | 72,168 |
General and administrative(1) |  | 20,352 |  |  | 17,563 |  |  | 57,890 |  |  | 53,876 |
Acquisition related costs |  | 476 |  |  | 818 |  |  | 2,514 |  |  | (22) |
Amortization of acquired intangibles |  | 4,483 |  |  | 4,465 |  |  | 13,465 |  |  | 13,447 |
Partnership termination charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,244 |
Unoccupied lease charges |  | 1,244 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 2,056 |  |  | 2,136 |
Total operating expenses |  | 79,982 |  |  | 66,285 |  |  | 225,979 |  |  | 209,446 |
Loss from operations |  | (22,972) |  |  | (19,847) |  |  | (60,428) |  |  | (79,357) |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income |  | 136 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 1,036 |
Interest and other expense |  | (8,151) |  |  | (7,072) |  |  | (25,042) |  |  | (20,857) |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,513) |  |  | — |
Total other income (expense), net |  | (8,015) |  |  | (6,757) |  |  | (26,028) |  |  | (19,821) |
Loss before income taxes |  | (30,987) |  |  | (26,604) |  |  | (86,456) |  |  | (99,178) |
Provision for income taxes |  | (596) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (909) |  |  | (621) |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,583) |  |  | $ | (26,720) |  |  | $ | (87,365) |  |  | $ | (99,799) |
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments |  | (8) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (66) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | 163 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 14 |
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (31,428) |  |  | $ | (26,706) |  |  | $ | (87,240) |  |  | $ | (99,851) |
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.56) |  |  | $ | (0.50) |  |  | $ | (1.55) |  |  | $ | (1.95) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | 56,559 |  |  | 53,574 |  |  | 56,242 |  |  | 51,141 |

_____________________________________________________________________________
(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cost of revenues |  | $ | 2,728 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |  |  | $ | 8,026 |  |  | $ | 7,422 |
Sales and marketing |  | 2,885 |  |  | 2,209 |  |  | 8,352 |  |  | 6,353 |
Research and development |  | 3,388 |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | 10,039 |  |  | 9,780 |
General and administrative |  | 5,068 |  |  | 4,376 |  |  | 14,374 |  |  | 13,360 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 14,069 |  |  | $ | 11,596 |  |  | $ | 40,791 |  |  | $ | 36,915 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
Q2 HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(unaudited)
(in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total stockholders' equity, beginning balances |  | $ | 597,495 |  |  | $ | 647,492 |  |  | $ | 643,364 |  |  | $ | 379,412 |
Common stock and additional paid-in capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balances |  | 1,034,526 |  | 964,190 |  | 1,024,583 |  | 622,697
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 14,404 |  | 12,011 |  | 41,796 |  | 38,076
Exercise of stock options |  | 1,258 |  | 4,388 |  | 5,823 |  | 9,196
Shares acquired to settle the exercise of stock options |  | — |  |  | (31) |  | (200) |  | (628)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |  | — |  |  | 104 |  | — |  |  | 311,321
Equity component of early extinguishment of convertible notes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,454) |  | — |
Settlement of convertible note hedges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,295 |  | — |
Settlement of warrants |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,655) |  | — |
Ending balances |  | 1,050,188 |  | 980,662 |  | 1,050,188 |  | 980,662
Accumulated deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balances |  | (436,969) |  | (316,646) |  | (381,187) |  | (243,299)
Cumulative effect of the adoption of new accounting standard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (268) |
Net loss |  | (31,583) |  | (26,720) |  | (87,365) |  | (99,799)
Ending balances |  | (468,552) |  | (343,366) |  | (468,552) |  | (343,366)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balances |  | (62) |  | (52) |  | (32) |  | 14
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 155 |  | 14 |  | 125 |  | (52)
Ending balances |  | 93 |  | (38) |  | 93 |  | (38)
Total stockholders' equity, ending balances |  | $ | 581,729 |  |  | $ | 637,258 |  |  | $ | 581,729 |  |  | $ | 637,258 |
Common stock (in shares): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balances |  | 56,464 |  | 53,433 |  | 55,562 |  | 48,386
Shares acquired to settle exercise of stock options |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  | (7)
Exercise of stock options |  | 88 |  | 170 |  | 297 |  | 462
Shares issued for the vesting of restricted stock awards |  | 264 |  | 269 |  | 959 |  | 796
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,235
Ending balances |  | 56,816 |  |  | 53,872 |  |  | 56,816 |  |  | 53,872 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (87,365) |  |  | $ | (99,799) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred implementation, solution and other costs |  | 17,394 |  |  | 13,947 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 40,580 |  |  | 38,975 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 1,550 |  |  | 1,427 |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 19,398 |  |  | 15,381 |
Amortization of premiums on investments |  | 751 |  |  | 114 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 41,796 |  |  | 38,076 |
Realized gain on sale of marketable securities |  | — |  |  | (14) |
Deferred income taxes |  | 52 |  |  | 313 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | 50 |  |  | 326 |
Allowance for sales credits |  | 25 |  |  | (20) |
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets |  | 386 |  |  | 94 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | 1,513 |  |  | — |
Unoccupied lease charges |  | 2,056 |  |  | 2,136 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | (16,652) |  |  | (20,263) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | (9,997) |  |  | (2,644) |
Deferred solution and other costs |  | (9,631) |  |  | (14,611) |
Deferred implementation costs |  | (10,260) |  |  | (13,922) |
Contract assets, net |  | (3,185) |  |  | (4,205) |
Other long-term assets |  | 6,324 |  |  | 3,395 |
Accounts payable |  | (3,168) |  |  | (69) |
Accrued liabilities |  | (1,029) |  |  | (5,366) |
Deferred revenues |  | 8,554 |  |  | 19,129 |
Deferred rent and other long-term liabilities |  | (7,528) |  |  | 5,621 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (8,386) |  |  | (21,979) |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Purchases of investments |  | (88,857) |  |  | (23,619) |
Maturities of investments |  | 119,650 |  |  | 24,871 |
Purchases of property and equipment |  | (16,059) |  |  | (16,538) |
Business combinations, net of cash acquired |  | (64,652) |  |  | — |
Capitalized software development costs |  | (3,908) |  |  | (653) |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (53,826) |  |  | (15,939) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |  | — |  |  | 311,321 |
Payments for repurchases of convertible notes |  | (63,692) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from bond hedges related to convertible notes |  | 26,295 |  |  | — |
Payments for warrants related to convertible notes |  | (19,655) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options to purchase common stock |  | 5,822 |  |  | 8,568 |
Payment of contingent consideration |  | — |  |  | (16,862) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | (51,230) |  |  | 303,027 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | (113,442) |  |  | 265,109 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period |  | 411,185 |  |  | 103,562 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period |  | $ | 297,743 |  |  | $ | 368,671 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |
Cash paid for taxes, net of refund |  | $ | 839 |  |  | $ | 381 |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 1,699 |  |  | $ | 2,910 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |
Shares acquired to settle the exercise of stock options |  | $ | (200) |  |  | $ | (628) |
Data center assets acquired under deferred payment arrangements or financing arrangements |  | $ | 449 |  |  | $ | 1,696 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Q2 Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively the Company, is a leading provider of secure, cloud-based digital solutions that transform the ways in which traditional and emerging financial services providers engage with account holders and end users, or End Users. The Company sells its solutions to financial institutions, alternative finance and leasing companies, and financial technology companies. The Company's solutions enable customers to deliver robust suites of digital banking, lending, leasing, and banking-as-a-service, or BaaS, services that make it possible for account holders and End Users to transact and engage anytime, anywhere and on any device. The Company delivers its solutions to the substantial majority of its customers using a software-as-a-service, or SaaS, model under which its customers pay subscription fees for the use of the Company's solutions. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in March 2005 and is a holding company that owns 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Q2 Software, Inc. The Company's headquarters are located in Austin, Texas.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements for interim financial statements. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Q2 Holdings, Inc. and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the Company's opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which are included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2021. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021 or for any other period.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates include: revenue recognition including determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, variable consideration, standalone selling price, and other revenue items requiring significant judgment; estimate of credit losses; stock-based compensation; the carrying value of goodwill; the fair value of acquired intangibles; the capitalization of software development costs; the useful lives of property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets; fair value of contingent consideration; fair value of the conversion features of convertible notes; and, income taxes. In accordance with GAAP, management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors; however, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments acquired with an original maturity of ninety days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost or fair value based on the underlying security.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of deposits held as collateral for the Company's secured letters of credit or bank guarantees issued in place of security deposits for the Company's corporate headquarters and various other leases.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Investments
Investments typically include U.S. government securities, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and money market funds. All investments are considered available for sale and are carried at fair value.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments, accounts receivable and contract assets. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments are placed with high credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company has not experienced any loss relating to cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash in these accounts. The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to a majority of its customers. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally does not require collateral. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenues for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. A single customer accounted for 13% of accounts receivable, net, as of September 30, 2021, and no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable, net, as of December 31, 2020.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections can result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables or contract assets, and deferred revenues, or contract liabilities. Billings scheduled to occur after the performance obligation has been satisfied and revenue recognition has occurred result in contract assets. Contract assets that are expected to be billed during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in contract assets, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded in contract assets, net of current portion on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at the end of each reporting period. A contract liability results when the Company receives prepayments or deposits from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed. The Company recognizes contract liabilities as revenues when the services are performed, and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Contract liabilities that are expected to be recognized as revenues during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in deferred revenues, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded in deferred revenues, net of current portion, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at the end of each reporting period.
The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products and services. The Company assesses the collectability of outstanding contract assets on an ongoing basis and maintains a reserve which is included in the allowance for credit losses for contract assets deemed uncollectable. The Company analyzes the contract asset portfolio for significant risks by considering historical collection experience and forecasting future collectability to determine the amount of revenues that will ultimately be collected from its customers. Customer type has been identified as the primary specific risk affecting the Company's contract assets, and the estimate for losses is analyzed quarterly and adjusted as necessary. Future collectability is contingent upon current and anticipated macroeconomic conditions that could impact the Company's customers such as unemployment, inflation and regulatory matters. Additionally, specific allowance amounts may be established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. The Company has provisioned $0.1 million and $0.2 million for expected losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and zero has been written off and charged against the allowance at each of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The allowance for credit losses related to contract assets was $0.3 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value, including both billed and unbilled receivables to customers. Unbilled receivable balances arise primarily when the Company provides services in advance of billing for those services. Generally, billing for revenues related to the number of End Users and the number of transactions processed by the Company's End Users that are included in the Company's minimum subscription fee occurs in the month the revenue is recognized, resulting in accounts receivable. Billing for revenues relating to the number of End Users and the number of transactions processed by the Company's End Users that are in excess of the Company's minimum subscription fees are, generally, billed in the month following the month the revenues were earned, resulting in an unbilled receivable. Unbilled receivables of $3.7 million an d $2.1 million were included in the accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
The Company assesses the collectability of outstanding accounts receivable on an ongoing basis and maintains an allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable deemed uncollectible. The Company analyzes the accounts receivable portfolio for significant risks and considers prior periods and forecasts future collectability to determine the amount of revenues that will ultimately be collected from its customers. This estimate is analyzed quarterly and adjusted as necessary. Identified risks pertaining to the Company's accounts receivable include the delinquency level and customer type. Future collectability is contingent upon current and anticipated macroeconomic conditions that could impact the Company's customers such as unemployment, inflation and regulation matters. Due to the short-term nature of such receivables, the estimate of the amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected is based on aging of the accounts receivable balances and the financial condition of customers. Historically, the Company's collection experience has not varied significantly, and bad debt expenses have been insignificant. The Company has provisioned $0.2 million and $1.0 million for expected losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.6 million has been written off and charged against the allowance as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable was $0.6 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
The Company maintains a reserve for estimated sales credits issued to customers for billing disputes or other service-related reasons. This allowance is recorded as a reduction against current period revenues and accounts receivable. In estimating this allowance, the Company analyzes prior periods to determine the amounts of sales credits issued to customers compared to the revenues in the period that related to the original customer invoice. This estimate is analyzed semi-annually and adjusted as necessary. The allowance for sales credits was $0.6 million and $0.5 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Deferred Revenues
Deferred revenues primarily consist of amounts that have been billed to or received from customers in advance of revenue recognition and prepayments received from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. The Company recognizes deferred revenues as revenues when the services are performed and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed.
The net increase in the deferred revenue balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is primarily driven by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying the Company's performance obligations of $372.9 million for current year invoices, $3.2 million from the netting of contract assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis, partially offset by the recognition of $300.4 million of revenue recognized from current year invoices and $66.2 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2020. Amounts recognized from deferred revenues represent primarily revenue from the sale of subscription and implementation services.
The Company's payment terms vary by the type and location of its customer and the products or services offered. The period of time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer.
On September 30, 2021, the Company had $1.3 billion of remaining performance obligations, which represents contracted revenue minimums that have not yet been recognized, including amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company expects to recognize approximately 48% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue in the next 24 months, an additional 38% in the next 25 to 48 months, and the balance thereafter.
Deferred Implementation Costs
The Company capitalizes certain personnel and other costs such as employee salaries, benefits and the associated payroll taxes that are direct and incremental to the implementation of its solutions. The Company analyzes implementation costs that may be capitalized to assess their recoverability, and only capitalizes costs that it anticipates being recoverable through the terms of the associated contract. The Company begins amortizing the deferred implementation costs for an implementation once the revenue recognition criteria have been met, and the Company amortizes those deferred implementation costs ratably over the expected period of customer benefit. The Company has determined this period to be the estimated life of the technology, which is estimated to be five to seven years. The Company determined the period of benefit by considering factors such as historically high renewal rates with similar customers and contracts, initial contract length, an expectation that there will still be a demand for the product at the end of its term, and the significant costs to switch to a competitor's product, all of which are governed by the estimated useful life of the technology.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
The portion of deferred implementation costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred implementation costs, current portion, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred implementation costs, net of current portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company capitalized implementation costs in the amount of $3.4 million and $4.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and recognized $2.8 million and $3.3 million of amortization during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company capitalized implementation costs in the amount of $10.3 million and $13.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and recognized $7.9 million and $7.8 million of amortization during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Deferred Solution and Other Costs
The Company capitalizes sales commissions and other third-party costs such as third-party licenses and maintenance related to its customer agreements. The Company capitalizes sales commissions because the commission expenses are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company capitalizes commissions and bonuses for those involved in the sale, including direct employees and indirect supervisors, as these are incremental to the sale. Historically, the Company typically paid commissions in two increments. The initial payment was made after the contract had been executed and the initial deposit had been received from the customer, and the final payment was made upon commencement date. The Company required that an individual remain employed to collect a commission when it was due. The service period between the first and second payment was considered a substantive service period and as a result, the Company expensed the final payment when made. Beginning in 2020, commissions were paid in a single payment once the contract had been executed and the initial deposit had been received from the customer. The Company begins amortizing deferred solution and other costs for a particular customer agreement once the revenue recognition criteria are met and amortizes those deferred costs over the expected period of customer benefit. The Company has determined this period to be the estimated life of the technology, which is estimated to be five to seven years. The Company determined the period of benefit by considering factors such as historically high renewal rates with similar customers and contracts, initial contract length, an expectation that there will still be a demand for the product at the end of its term, and the significant costs to switch to a competitor's product, all of which are governed by the estimated useful life of the technology.
The Company analyzes solution and other costs that may be capitalized to assess their recoverability and only capitalizes costs that it anticipates being recoverable. The portion of capitalized costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred solution and other costs, current portion, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion. The Company capitalized $1.7 million and $4.0 million in deferred commissions costs during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and recognized $3.0 million and $2.1 million of amortization during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company capitalized $8.1 million and $12.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and recognized $9.5 million and $6.1 million of amortization during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the life of or improve an asset are expensed in the period incurred.
The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:

Computer hardware and equipment |  | 3 - 5 years
Purchased software and licenses |  | 3 - 5 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 7 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term

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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Purchase Price Allocation, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill
The purchase price allocation for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. The Company determines whether substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, is not a business. If it is not met, the Company determines whether the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, meets the definition of a business.
In connection with the Company's business combinations, the Company recorded certain intangible assets, including acquired technology, customer relationships, trademarks and non-compete agreements. Amounts allocated to the acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives and fair values of its identifiable intangible assets, taking into consideration any events or circumstances which might result in a diminished fair value or revised useful life.
The excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in October, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Because the Company operates as a single reporting unit, the impairment test is performed at the consolidated entity level by comparing the estimated fair value of the Company to the carrying value of the Company. The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using a "step one" analysis using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization or a discounted cash flow analysis of projected future results to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Determining the fair value of goodwill is subjective in nature and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, use of estimates of future prices and volumes for the Company's products, capital needs, economic trends and other factors which are inherently difficult to forecast. If actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, the Company could incur impairment charges in a future period.
Revenues
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services over the term of the agreement, generally when the Company's solutions are implemented and made available to the customers. The promised consideration may include fixed amounts, variable amounts or both. Revenues are recognized net of sales credits and allowances.
Revenue-generating activities are directly related to the sale, implementation and support of the Company's solutions within a single operating segment. The Company derives the majority of its revenues from subscription fees for the use of its solutions hosted in either the Company's data centers or cloud-based hosting services, transactional revenue from bill-pay solutions and interchange fees, and revenues for customer support and implementation services related to the Company's solutions.
The following table disaggregates the Company's revenue by major source:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Subscription |  | $ | 91,544 |  |  | $ | 74,451 |  |  | $ | 265,765 |  |  | $ | 210,857 |
Transactional |  | 17,356 |  |  | 14,476 |  |  | 51,349 |  |  | 41,204 |
Services and Other |  | 17,836 |  |  | 14,877 |  |  | 49,715 |  |  | 41,704 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 126,736 |  |  | $ | 103,804 |  |  | $ | 366,829 |  |  | $ | 293,765 |

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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Subscription Revenues
The Company's software solutions are available for use as hosted application arrangements under subscription fee agreements without licensing perpetual rights to the software. Subscription fees from these applications, including contractual periodic price increases, are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term beginning on the date the Company's solution is made available to the customer. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenues or revenues, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Periodic price increases are estimated at contract inception and result in contract assets as revenue recognition may exceed the amount billed early in the contract. Additional fees for monthly usage above the levels included in the standard subscription fee are recognized as revenue in the month when the usage amounts are determined and reported.
A small portion of the Company's customers host and manage the Company's solutions on-premises or in third-party data centers under term license and maintenance agreements. Term licenses sold with maintenance entitle the customer to technical support, upgrades and updates to the software on a when-and-if-available basis. The Company recognizes software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license, which generally occurs at the start of each license term. The Company recognizes the remaining arrangement consideration for maintenance revenue over time on a ratable basis over the term of the software license. If the expected length of time between when the Company transfers the software license to the customer and when the customer pays for it results in a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money, which reflects the price the customer would have paid when the license was transferred. Revenues from term licenses and maintenance agreements and the related financing component were not significant in the periods presented.
Transactional Revenues
The Company generates the majority of its transactional revenues based on the number of bill-pay transactions that End Users initiate on its digital banking platform. The Company also generates a smaller portion of its transactional revenues from interchange fees generated when End Users utilize debit cards integrated with its Q2 CorePro API or Q2 Biller Direct products. The Company recognizes revenue for bill-pay transaction services and interchange fees in the month incurred based on actual or estimated transactions.
Services and Other Revenues
Implementation services are required for each new digital banking and lending and leasing platform and Centrix standalone contract, and there is a significant level of integration and configuration for each customer. The Company's revenue for upfront implementation services is billed upfront and recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term for its hosted application agreements. Upfront implementation services for on-premises agreements are recognized at commencement date. Under certain circumstances, the Company partners with third-party professional system integrators to support the installation and configuration process for certain products, and therefore, the Company has determined that these services qualify as a separate performance obligation in certain markets and geographies, and the implementation services for these agreements are recognized over time as services are performed.
Professional services revenues, which primarily consist of training, advisory services, core conversion services, web design, and other general professional services, are generally billed and recognized when delivered.
Certain out-of-pocket expenses billed to customers are recorded as revenues rather than an offset to the related expense.
Significant Judgments
Performance Obligations and Standalone Selling Price
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of accounting. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company has contracts with customers that often include multiple performance obligations, usually including multiple subscription and implementation services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations that are distinct separately by allocating the contract's total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the relative standalone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct good or service in the contract. In determining whether implementation services are distinct from subscription services, the Company considered various factors including the significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the implementation and subscription service, as well as the inability of the customer's personnel or other
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
service providers to perform significant portions of the services. The Company has concluded that the implementation services included in contracts with multiple performance obligations in the North American banking market are not distinct and, as a result, the Company defers any arrangement fees for implementation services and recognizes such amounts over time on a ratable basis as one performance obligation with the underlying subscription revenue for the initial agreement term of the hosted application agreements. The Company has concluded that outside the North American banking market, the implementation services for its lending and leasing platform included in contracts with multiple performance obligations are distinct and, as a result, the Company recognizes implementation fees on such arrangements over time as services are performed.
The majority of the Company's revenue recognized at a particular point in time is for usage revenue and on-premise software licenses. These services are recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon completion of the service or the point the customer obtained control of the software.
Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The primary method used to estimate SSP is the adjusted market assessment approach, which considers the Company's overall pricing objectives, market conditions and other factors, including the value of the Company's contracts, its discounting practices, the size and volume of its transactions, customer characteristics, price lists, go-to-market strategy, historical standalone sales and agreement prices, and the number and types of users within its contracts.
Variable Consideration
The Company recognizes usage revenue related to bill-pay transactions that End Users initiate on its digital banking platform and interchange fees that End Users generate using the Company's solutions. Judgment is required to determine the accounting for these types of revenue. The Company considers various factors including the degree to which usage is interdependent or interrelated to past services, costs to the Company per user over the contract, and contractual price per user changes and their relationship to market terms, forecasted data, and the Company's cost to fulfill the obligation. The Company has concluded that its usage revenue relates specifically to the transfer of the service to the customer and is consistent with the allocation objective of Topic 606 when considering all of the performance obligations and payment terms in the contract. Therefore, the Company recognizes usage revenue on a monthly or quarterly basis in accordance with the agreement, as determined and reported. This allocation reflects the amount the Company expects to receive for the services for the given period.
The Company sometimes provides credits or incentives to its customers. Known and estimable credits and incentives represent a form of variable consideration, which are estimated at contract inception and generally result in reductions to revenues recognized for a particular contract. These estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. The Company believes that there will not be significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration as of September 30, 2021.
Other Considerations
The Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., reports revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., reports revenues on a net basis) with respect to the vendor reseller agreements pursuant to which the Company resells certain third-party solutions along with the Company's solutions. Generally, the Company reports revenues from these types of contracts on a gross basis, meaning the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues, and expenses incurred are recorded as cost of revenues. Where the Company is the principal, it first obtains control of the inputs to the specific good or service and directs their use to create the combined output. The Company's control is evidenced by its involvement in the integration of the good or service on its platform before it is transferred to its customers and is further supported by the Company being primarily responsible to its customers and having a level of discretion in establishing pricing. Revenues provided from agreements in which the Company is an agent are insignificant.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues are comprised primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, for employees providing services to the Company's customers. This includes the costs of the Company's personnel performing implementation, customer support, data center and customer training activities. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of bill-pay and other third-party intellectual property included in the Company's solutions, the amortization of deferred solution and services costs, co-location facility costs and depreciation of the Company's data center assets, debit card related pass-through fees, cloud-based hosting services, an allocation of general overhead costs and referral fees. Direct costs of third-party intellectual property include amounts paid for third-party licenses and related maintenance that are incorporated into the Company's software and the amortization of acquired technology from the Company's recent acquisitions, with the costs amortized to cost of revenues over the useful lives of the purchased assets.
The Company capitalizes certain personnel costs directly related to the implementation of its solutions to the extent those costs are recoverable from future revenues. The Company amortizes the costs for an implementation once revenue recognition commences, and the Company amortizes those implementation costs to cost of revenues over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology. Other costs not directly recoverable from future revenues are expensed in the period incurred.
Software Development Costs
The Company capitalizes certain software development costs under accounting frameworks that differ based on the nature of the software. Software development costs include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, stock-based compensation and bonuses attributed to programmers, software engineers and quality control teams working on the Company's software solutions, and third-party development costs. Capitalized software development costs are computed on an individual product basis and products available for market are amortized to cost of revenues over the products' estimated economic lives. The costs related to software development are included in intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company capitalizes certain development costs associated with software that is to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed that are incurred between reaching technological feasibility of a solution and the point at which the solution is ready for general release. Under this accounting framework, the Company capitalized zero software development costs for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company recognized $0.2 million of amortization of capitalized software development costs for both of the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $0.6 million of amortization of capitalized software development costs for both of the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
The Company capitalizes certain development costs associated with internal use software and the Company's SaaS platform, incurred during the application development stage. The Company expenses costs associated with preliminary project phase activities, training, maintenance and any post-implementation costs as incurred. Under this accounting framework the Company capitalized software development costs in the amount of $1.6 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $3.9 million and $0.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recognized $0.2 million of amortization for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and zero amortization for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, third-party contractor expenses, third-party consultants, software development tools, an allocation of facilities and depreciation expenses and other related expenses incurred in developing new solutions and upgrading and enhancing existing solutions.
Certain research and development costs that are related to the Company's software development, which include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits and bonuses attributed to programmers, software engineers and quality control teams working on the Company's software solutions, are capitalized and are included in intangible assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Advertising
All advertising costs of the Company are generally expensed the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising costs were $1.0 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1.7 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company signed a long-term sponsorship arrangement on December 31, 2020 and payments under this arrangement are deferred and expensed as advertising costs on a straight-line basis over the term of the arrangement.
Sales Tax
The Company presents sales taxes and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis and, as such, excludes them from revenues.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders' equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. Other comprehensive loss consists of net loss, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units awarded to employees, directors, and consultants are measured at fair value at each grant date. The Company does not use a forfeiture rate to recognize compensation expense. Generally, options vest 25% on the one-year anniversary of the grant date with the balance vesting monthly over the following 36 months, and restricted stock unit awards vest in four annual installments of 25% each. Market stock units are performance-based awards that vest based on the Company's stockholder return relative to the total stockholder return of the Russell 2000 Index, or Index. Market stock units granted prior to fiscal 2021 vest over a three-year period on the anniversary of the date of grant, generally with up to one-third of the target shares of the Company's common stock subject to each market stock unit award eligible to be earned after the first and second years and up to 200% of the full target number of shares subject to each market stock unit award eligible to be earned after the completion of the three-year performance period (less any shares earned for years one and two) based on the average price of the Company's common stock relative to the Index during the performance period. Beginning in March 2021, newly granted market stock units vest over a two-year and three-year period, each running from the date of grant, with up to one-third of the target shares of the Company's common stock subject to each market stock unit award eligible to be earned after completion of the two-year performance period and up to 200% of the full target number of shares subject to each market stock unit award eligible to be earned after the completion of the three-year performance period (less any shares earned for the two-year performance period) based on the average price of the Company's common stock relative to the Index during the performance period. From time to time, the Company may make grants of restricted stock units or market stock units with vesting formulas that vary from those described above.
The Company values stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate, expected life, expected stock price volatility and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates for constant maturity U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the expected term of the Company's employee stock options. The expected life represents the time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the simplified method. Under the simplified method, the expected life of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and end of the contractual term. The Company used the simplified method due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the stock options. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the stock options. The Company assumes no dividend yield because it does not expect to pay dividends in the near future, which is consistent with the Company's history of not paying dividends. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the stock option award.
The Company values restricted stock units at the closing market price on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the restricted stock unit award.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
The Company estimates the fair value of market stock units on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of fair value of the market stock units is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions including the expected volatility and the risk-free interest rate. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of its stock and peer firms' stocks and the Index over the performance period. The Company assumes no dividend yield and recognizes compensation expense ratably over the performance period of the market stock unit award. The Company recognizes compensation expense using the graded attribution method on a straight-line basis over the performance period for each market stock unit award.
Convertible Senior Notes
In February 2018, the Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in February 2023, or the 2023 Notes. In June 2019, the Company issued $316.3 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in June 2026, or the 2026 Notes. In November 2020, the Company issued $350.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in November 2025, or the 2025 Notes. This was achieved by exchanging $181.9 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes for $210.7 million principal amount of the 2025 Notes and issuing an additional $139.3 million of new notes. In May 2021, the Company repurchased $37.1 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes. As of September 30, 2021, the aggregate principal amount outstanding related to the 2023 Notes was $10.9 million.
When accounting for the issuance of convertible notes, the Company separates each of the convertible notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component is calculated by measuring the fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion feature is determined by deducting the fair value of the liability components from the total initial proceeds. The difference between the par amount of the convertible notes and the carrying amount of the liability component represents debt discounts that are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the convertible notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity components are not remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to its convertible notes, the Company allocates the total amount of issuance costs incurred to liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability components are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the convertible notes using the effective interest rate method. The issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted against the respective equity components in additional paid-in capital.
When accounting for an exchange of convertible notes, the Company evaluates whether the transaction should be evaluated as a modification or extinguishment transaction. The partial exchange of the 2023 Notes and issuance of the 2025 Notes in November 2020 were deemed to have substantially different terms due to the significant difference between the value of the conversion option immediately prior to and after the exchange, and consequently, the 2023 Notes partial exchange was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. In an exchange or repurchase transaction, the Company will allocate a portion of the settlement consideration to the reacquisition of the liability component, which is equal to the fair value of that component immediately prior to the extinguishment, and allocate the remaining settlement consideration to the reacquisition of the equity component and recognize that amount as a reduction of additional paid in capital. The difference between the consideration attributed to the liability component and the sum of the net carrying amount of the liability component and any unamortized debt issuance costs is recognized as a gain or loss on debt extinguishment in the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Leases
The Company determines if a contract contains a lease for accounting purposes at the inception of the arrangement. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient which allows the Company to account for lease and non-lease components of a contract as a single leasing arrangement. In addition, the Company has elected the practical expedients related to lease classification and the short-term lease exemption, whereby leases with initial terms of one year or less are not capitalized and instead expensed generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company is primarily a lessee with a lease portfolio comprised mainly of real estate and equipment leases. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had no finance leases.
Operating lease assets are included on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets in non-current assets as a right-of-use, or ROU, asset, and represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Operating lease liabilities are included on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets in lease liabilities, current portion, for the portion that is due within 12 months and in lease liabilities, net of current portion, for the portion that is due beyond 12 months of the financial statement date and represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term using an appropriate discount rate. If an implicit rate is not readily determined by the Company's leases, the Company utilizes the incremental borrowing rate based on the available information at the commencement date to determine the lease payments. The depreciable lives of the underlying leased assets are generally limited to the expected lease term inclusive of any optional lease renewals where the Company concludes at the inception of the lease that the Company is reasonably certain of exercising those options. The ROU asset calculation may also include any initial direct costs paid and is reduced by any lease incentives provided by the lessor. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax bases and operating loss carryforwards and credits using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized and recognizes a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction. To date, the Company has provided a valuation allowance against most of its deferred tax assets as it believes the objective and verifiable evidence of its historical pretax net losses outweighs any positive evidence of its forecasted future results. The Company will continue to monitor the positive and negative evidence, and it will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available.
The Company evaluates its uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be realized. The Company believes it has accrued adequate reserves related to its uncertain tax positions; however, ultimate determination of our liability is subject to audit by taxing authorities in the ordinary course of business. Potential interest and penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computations of net loss per share for the periods listed:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,583) |  |  | $ | (26,720) |  |  | $ | (87,365) |  |  | $ | (99,799) |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  | 56,559 |  |  | 53,574 |  |  | 56,242 |  |  | 51,141 |
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.56) |  |  | $ | (0.50) |  |  | $ | (1.55) |  |  | $ | (1.95) |

Due to net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, basic and diluted loss per share were the same, as the effect of all potentially dilutive securities would have been anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the anti-dilutive common share equivalents for the periods listed:

|  | As of September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units |  | 2,296 |  |  | 3,140
Shares related to the 2023 Notes |  | 86 |  |  | 1,226
Shares subject to warrants related to the issuance of the 2023 Notes |  | 48 |  |  | 190
Shares related to the 2026 Notes |  | 559 |  |  | — |
|  | 2,989 |  |  | 4,556 |

Because the Company has the intention and ability to settle the principal amount of each of its 2023 Notes, 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes in cash, the treasury stock method is expected to be used for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted net income per share, if applicable. For the 2023 Notes, the conversion premium has a dilutive impact on net income per share of common stock when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $57.38 per share. For the 2025 Notes, the conversion premium has a dilutive impact on net income per
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
share of common stock when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $140.14 per share. For the 2026 Notes, the conversion premium has a dilutive impact on net income per share of common stock when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $88.61 per share. The warrants issued by the Company in connection with its February 2018 convertible note offering, or Warrants, have a dilutive effect when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the Warrant's strike price of $78.75 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 the average market price per share of the Company's common stock exceeded the conversion price of the 2023 and 2026 Notes and strike price of the Warrants; however, since the Company is in a net loss position, there was no dilutive effect on net loss per share of the Company's common stock during any period presented. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the average market price per share of the Company's common stock exceeded the conversion price of the 2023 Notes and the strike price of the Warrants; however, since the Company is in a net loss position, there was no dilutive effect on net loss per share of the Company's common stock during any period presented.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)" which simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by eliminating the requirement to separate embedded conversion features from the host contract when the conversion features are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. In addition, the guidance eliminates the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments and requires the use of the if-converted method. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt the new guidance for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of adoption recognized at the date of initial application through an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company expects the adoption of this guidance will result in a material reclassification from equity to debt as well as a reduction in non-cash interest expense.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)" which clarifies and reduces diversity in the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The ASU provides a principles-based framework to determine whether an issuer should recognize the modification or exchange as an adjustment to equity or an expense. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Under this standard, issuers should apply the new standard prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date of the new standard. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and will adopt for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2022.
3. Business Combinations
ClickSWITCH
On April 1, 2021, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Q2 Software, Inc. acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of ClickSWITCH Holdings Inc. ("ClickSWITCH"), a privately-owned provider of digital account switching solutions. The acquisition will further enable the Company to offer end-to-end digital customer acquisition, onboarding, and account switching offerings. The purchase price paid was in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired and, as a result, the Company recorded goodwill.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
ClickSWITCH was acquired for approximately $65.5 million in cash from existing balances. At closing, the Company deposited into an escrow account $1.0 million of the initial consideration, or CS Purchase Price Escrow Amount, to compensate for any post-closing purchase price adjustments. To the extent not utilized, the CS Purchase Price Escrow Amount was to be paid to the former stockholders of ClickSWITCH following an adjustment period which, absent any unresolved disputes, was expected to be completed within 90 days from closing. The Company released $0.9 million of the CS Purchase Price Escrow Amount to the former stockholders of ClickSWITCH during the three months ended September 30, 2021, bringing the balance of the CS Purchase Price Escrow Amount to zero. At closing, the Company also deposited into an escrow account $0.3 million of the initial consideration, or CS Escrow Amount, to compensate for any breach of a representation or warranty or any violation or default of any obligation by the sellers. To the extent not utilized, 50% of the remaining CS Escrow Amount shall be paid to the former equity holders of ClickSWITCH at the end of a 12-month period, with the remaining 50% to be paid at the end of an 18-month period, in each case unless there are any unresolved claims remaining the time in excess of the amount to be retained in the escrow account. The total purchase price is as follows:

|  | Purchase Consideration
Cash purchase price |  | $ | 62,500 |
Estimated working capital and other adjustments |  | 3,008 |
Total purchase price |  | $ | 65,508 |

The Company recorded the purchase of ClickSWITCH using the acquisition method of accounting and accordingly, recognized assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values as of the date of acquisition. The results of ClickSWITCH's operations are included in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition. Acquisition related transaction costs of $1.1 million related to the ClickSWITCH acquisition were expensed as incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and were recorded within acquisition related expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
The table below summarizes the allocation of the purchase price based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including valuations of intangibles assets, accruals, and income taxes, may change as additional information is received during the measurement period. The measurement period will end no later than one year from the acquisition date.

Assets acquired: |  |
Cash |  | $ | 856 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 491 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 2,417 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 39 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 12,805 |
Goodwill |  | 50,595 |
Total assets acquired |  | 67,203 |
Liabilities assumed: |  |
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and accrued compensation |  | 643 |
Deferred tax liability |  | 74 |
Deferred revenues |  | 978 |
Total liabilities assumed |  | 1,695 |
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  | $ | 65,508 |

The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to synergies expected from the integration of the acquired product offering into the Company's integrated solutions including an increasing customer base, the expanded service capabilities that are expected to become available from planned investments in the acquired products, and the value of the assembled workforce in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
The estimated fair value of the separately identifiable finite-lived intangible assets acquired and estimated useful lives are as follows (in thousands, except years):

|  | Estimated Fair Values |  | Weighted-Average Useful Lives (in Years)
Customer relationships |  | $ | 1,495 |  |  | 3.5
Non-compete agreements |  | 570 |  |  | 2.4
Acquired technology |  | 10,740 |  |  | 5.5
Total acquisition-related intangible assets |  | $ | 12,805 |  |  | 5.1

The fair value of the intangible assets was based on the income approach using various methods such as with and without and multi-period excess earnings. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from two to six years. The acquisition is a stock acquisition for tax purposes, resulting in no additional amortizable tax basis in acquired intangibles, including goodwill.
The results of operations of ClickSWITCH have been included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. The acquisition of ClickSWITCH did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements, and therefore historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented.
PrecisionLender
On October 31, 2019, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Q2 Software, Inc. acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of privately-owned PrecisionLender. The acquisition added to the Company's portfolio of solutions PrecisionLender's data-driven sales enablement, pricing and portfolio management solutions for financial institutions globally. The purchase price paid was in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired and, as a result, the Company recorded goodwill.
PrecisionLender was acquired for approximately $510.0 million in cash from existing balances. At closing, the Company deposited into an escrow account $3.0 million of the initial consideration, or PL Purchase Price Escrow Amount, to compensate for any post-closing working capital adjustments. To the extent not utilized, the PL Purchase Price Escrow Amount was to be paid to the former stockholders of PrecisionLender at the end of the 60-day adjustment period unless there were any unresolved claims remaining at that time. The Company released the $3.0 million in the PL Purchase Price Escrow Amount and paid out an additional $0.2 million related to the finalization of the closing estimates to the former stockholders of PrecisionLender during the three months ended March 31, 2020. At closing, the Company also deposited into an escrow account $1.8 million of the initial consideration, or PL Escrow Amount, to compensate for any breach of a representation or warranty or any violation or default of any obligation by the sellers subsequent to the acquisition during a period of 18 months following the acquisition date. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company released $1.8 million of the PL Escrow Amount to the former stockholders of PrecisionLender, bringing the balance of the escrow to zero at June 30, 2021.
The Company accrues for payouts contingent upon continued and future employment of acquired employees and contractors of PrecisionLender, and the unpaid amounts due to the continuing employees are recorded in accrued compensation in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Compensation expense recognized under these agreements, which is included in cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Compensation expense recognized under these agreements included in acquisition related costs in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss was $0.5 million and $1.3 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $0.7 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
4. Fair Value Measurements
The carrying values of the Company's financial instruments, principally cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, restricted cash and accounts payable, approximated their fair values due to the short period of time to maturity or repayment.
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The current accounting guidance for fair value measurements defines a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures as follows:
•Level I—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level II—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and
•Level III—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.
The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following table details the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021:

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
|  | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level I) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level II) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level III)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 176,144 |  |  | $ | 176,144 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 25,076 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,076 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 201,220 |  |  | $ | 176,144 |  |  | $ | 25,076 |  |  | $ | — |
Investments: |  | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level I) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level II) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level III)
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | $ | 36,466 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36,466 |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 12,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,161 |  |  | — |
U.S. government securities |  | 51,178 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,178 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 99,805 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99,805 |  |  | $ | — |

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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
The following table details the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020:

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
|  | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level I) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level II) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level III)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 188,469 |  |  | $ | 188,469 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of deposits |  | 25,028 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,028 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | 996 |  |  | — |  |  | 996 |  |  | — |
U.S. government securities |  | 19,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,999 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 234,492 |  |  | $ | 188,469 |  |  | $ | 46,023 |  |  | $ | — |
Investments: |  | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level I) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level II) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level III)
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | $ | 31,239 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,239 |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 10,007 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,007 |  |  | — |
U.S. government securities |  | 90,106 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,106 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 131,352 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 131,352 |  |  | $ | — |

The Company determines the fair value of its investment holdings based on pricing from its pricing vendors. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of financial instruments having Level II inputs were derived from non-binding consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. Such market prices may be quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level I inputs) or pricing determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level II inputs).
5. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The Company's cash, cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted primarily of cash, U.S. government securities, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and money market funds.
The Company classifies investments as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. All investments are recorded at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders' equity. If the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale debt security, it considers the available-for-sale debt security to be impaired. For individual debt securities classified as available-for-sale and deemed impaired, the Company assesses whether such decline has resulted from a credit loss or other factors. Impairment relating to credit losses is recorded through a reserve, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Impairment deemed to be non-credit related is reported in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Interest, amortization of premiums and accretion of discount on all investments classified as available-for-sale are also included as a component of other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Based on the Company's assessment, no impairments for credit losses were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2021 or September 30, 2020.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company's cash was $93.6 million and $173.2 million, respectively.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
A summary of the Company's cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2021 is as follows:

Cash Equivalents: |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Money market funds |  | $ | 176,144 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 176,144 |
Certificates of deposit |  | 25,076 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,076 |
|  | $ | 201,220 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 201,220 |
Investments: |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | $ | 36,472 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 36,466 |
Certificates of deposit |  | 12,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,161 |
U.S. government securities |  | 51,185 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 51,178 |
|  | $ | 99,818 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | 99,805 |

A summary of the Company's cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Cash Equivalents: |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Money market funds |  | $ | 188,469 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188,469 |
Certificates of deposit |  | 25,028 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,028 |
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | 997 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 996 |
U.S. government securities |  | 19,999 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,999 |
|  | $ | 234,493 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 234,492 |
Investments: |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | $ | 31,233 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 31,239 |
Certificates of deposit |  | 10,007 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,007 |
U.S. government securities |  | 90,120 |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | 90,106 |
|  | $ | 131,360 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | 131,352 |

The Company may sell its investments at any time, without significant penalty, for use in current operations or for other purposes, even if they have not yet reached maturity. As a result, the Company classifies its investments, including investments with maturities beyond twelve months, as current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the Company's investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity date of the investments as of the dates shown:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Due within one year or less |  | $ | 77,598 |  |  | $ | 131,352 |
Due after one year through five years |  | 22,207 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 99,805 |  |  | $ | 131,352 |

The Company has certain available-for-sale investments in a gross unrealized loss position, all of which have been in such position for less than twelve months. The Company regularly reviews its investments for impairment resulting from credit loss using both qualitative and quantitative criteria, as necessary, based on the composition of the portfolio at period end. The Company considers factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial position and near-term prospects of the issuer and its intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment's amortized-cost basis. If the Company determines that impairment exists in one of these investments, the respective investment would be written down to fair value. For debt securities, the portion of the write-down related to credit loss would be recognized in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss if the intent of the Company was to sell the investment before recovery. If the Company did not intend to sell, the portion of the write-down related to credit loss would be recorded to a reserve. Any portion
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
not related to credit loss would be included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Because the Company does not intend to sell any investments which have an unrealized loss position at this time, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the reserve for available-for-sale debt securities was zero as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of these available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category as of September 30, 2021.

|  | Adjusted Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities |  | $ | 16,024 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | 16,014 |
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | 29,927 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 29,918 |
|  | $ | 45,951 |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | 45,932 |

The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of these available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category as of December 31, 2020:

|  | Adjusted Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities |  | $ | 90,120 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 90,106 |
Corporate bonds and commercial paper |  | 21,445 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 21,436 |
|  | $ | 111,565 |  |  | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | 111,542 |

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill was $512.9 million and $462.3 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company added $50.6 million of goodwill from the ClickSWITCH acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired. The Company has one operating segment and one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist, using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization of the reporting unit. The annual impairment test was performed as of October 31, 2020, and no impairment of goodwill was identified, nor has any impairment of goodwill been recorded to date.
Intangible assets at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

|  | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
|  | Gross Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships |  | $ | 63,050 |  |  | $ | (25,441) |  |  | $ | 37,609 |  |  | $ | 64,405 |  |  | $ | (18,568) |  |  | $ | 45,837 |
Non-compete agreements |  | 13,275 |  |  | (5,212) |  |  | 8,063 |  |  | 12,705 |  |  | (3,205) |  |  | 9,500 |
Trademarks |  | 19,870 |  |  | (5,297) |  |  | 14,573 |  |  | 19,870 |  |  | (3,612) |  |  | 16,258 |
Acquired technology |  | 152,080 |  |  | (46,617) |  |  | 105,463 |  |  | 141,340 |  |  | (30,256) |  |  | 111,084 |
Capitalized software development costs |  | 9,010 |  |  | (3,758) |  |  | 5,252 |  |  | 5,103 |  |  | (2,923) |  |  | 2,180 |
|  | $ | 257,285 |  |  | $ | (86,325) |  |  | $ | 170,960 |  |  | $ | 243,423 |  |  | $ | (58,564) |  |  | $ | 184,859 |

The Company recorded intangible assets from the business combination discussed in Note 3 - Business Combinations. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which range from two to ten years. Amortization expense included in cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss was $5.6 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $16.4 million and $16.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense included in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss was $4.5 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $13.5 million and $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Gross capitalized software development costs were $9.0 million and $5.1 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company amortized $0.4 million and $0.2 million of capitalized software development costs for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Capitalized software development costs associated with internal use software and the Company's SaaS platform are computed on an individual product basis and those products available for market are amortized to cost of revenues over the products' estimated economic lives, which are expected to be three to five years.
The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of September 30, 2021 was as follows:

|  | Amortization
Year Ended December 31, |  |
2021 (October 1 to December 31) |  | $ | 10,458 |
2022 |  | 41,335
2023 |  | 40,578
2024 |  | 35,469
2025 |  | 23,229
Thereafter |  | 19,891
Total amortization |  | $ | 170,960 |

7. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Lease Commitments
The Company leases office space under non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate headquarters in Austin, Texas in two adjacent buildings under separate lease agreements. Pursuant to the first of which the Company leases approximately 129 square feet of office space with an initial term that expires on April 30, 2028, with the option to extend the lease for an additional ten-year term, and pursuant to the second of which the Company leases approximately 129 square feet of office space with lease terms of approximately ten years, with the options to extend the leases on the second building. The Company also leases office space in Lincoln, Nebraska; Des Moines, Iowa; Atlanta, Georgia; Asheville, North Carolina; Charlotte, North Carolina; Cary, North Carolina; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Bangalore, India; London, United Kingdom; and Sydney, Australia.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, through the Company's regular assessment process and vacating of facilities, unoccupied lease charges of $1.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, were recorded for facilities in Georgia, Texas, North Carolina and Nebraska for the related contractual lease payments and fees, less sublease income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company vacated facilities in California; south Austin, Texas; and a portion of the facilities in Charlotte, North Carolina and recorded unoccupied lease charges of $1.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively, for the related contractual lease payments and fees, less estimated sublease income. The lease liabilities related to the subleases that are expected to be paid during the succeeding twelve-month period of $1.2 million are recorded in accrued liabilities, and the remaining portion of the associated liability of $2.2 million is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2021.
The Company believes its current facilities will be adequate for its needs for the current term. Rent expense under operating leases was $2.1 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $5.4 million and $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Future minimum payments required under operating leases that have commenced and have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year at September 30, 2021 were as follows:

|  | Operating Leases
Year Ended December 31, |  |
2021 (October 1 to December 31) |  | $ | 2,914 |
2022 |  | 12,403 |
2023 |  | 12,129 |
2024 |  | 11,147 |
2025 |  | 10,205 |
Thereafter |  | 26,729 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 75,527 |
Less: present value discount |  | (3,169) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 72,358 |

Contractual Commitments
The Company has non-cancelable contractual commitments related to the 2023 Notes, 2025 Notes and the 2026 Notes as well as the related interest. The interest on the 2023 Notes is payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The interest on the 2025 Notes is payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The interest on the 2026 Notes is payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The Company also has non-cancelable contractual commitments for certain third-party products, co-location fees and other product costs. Several of these purchase commitments for third-party products contain both a contractual minimum obligation and a variable obligation based upon usage or other factors which can change on a monthly basis. The estimated amounts for usage and other factors are not included within the table below.
In the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021, in connection with the termination of a strategic partnership, the Company paid termination fees of $5.6 million and $7.6 million, respectively. The Company recorded the $13.2 million charge in partnership termination charges in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in the second quarter of 2020.
On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a long-term stadium sponsorship agreement, beginning in 2021 and ending in 2028, which grants the Company exclusive naming rights, sponsorship, signage, advertising and other promotional rights and benefits. The advertising expense for these rights is amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The prepaid commitment balance, net of amortization, is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Future minimum contractual commitments that have initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year were as follows:

|  | Contractual Commitments
Year Ended December 31, |  |
2021 (October 1 to December 31) |  | $ | 6,807 |
2022 |  | 29,358 |
2023 |  | 33,184 |
2024 |  | 7,183 |
2025 |  | 356,309 |
Thereafter |  | 327,937 |
Total commitments |  | $ | 760,778 |

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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to the Company, would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Loss Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies that cover a range of matters. An estimated loss from a loss contingency, such as a legal proceeding or claim, is accrued if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
8. Convertible Senior Notes
0.75% Convertible Notes due 2023
In February 2018, the Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in February 2023. The interest rate for the 2023 Notes is fixed at 0.75% per annum with interest payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on August 15, 2018. The 2023 Notes mature on February 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. Each $1,000 of principal of the 2023 Notes will initially be convertible into 17.4292 shares of the Company's common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $57.38 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the 2023 Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events.
In November 2020, the Company exchanged $181.9 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes for $210.7 million in aggregate principal of 2025 Notes and 1.3 million shares of common stock. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds from the exchange. In exchange for issuing 2025 Notes pursuant to the exchange transaction, the Company received and cancelled the exchanged 2023 Notes. As of the exchange date, the carrying value of the 2023 Notes, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, was $42.9 million. The partial exchange of the 2023 Notes resulted in an $8.9 million loss on early debt extinguishment during the year ended December 31, 2020, of which $2.0 million consisted of unamortized debt issuance costs.
In May 2021, the Company repurchased $37.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes for $63.7 million in cash. As of the repurchase date, the carrying value of the notes, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, was $10.0 million. The partial repurchase of the 2023 Notes resulted in a $1.5 million loss on early debt extinguishment during the three months ended June 30, 2021, of which $0.3 million consisted of unamortized debt issuance costs. The Company may repurchase additional 2023 Notes and/or its 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes from time to time through open market purchases, block trades, and/or privately negotiated transactions, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, volume, and nature of the repurchases will be determined by the Company based on the capital needs of the business, market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other factors.
The 2023 Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2023 Notes, rank equally in right of payment with any of the Company's indebtedness that is not so subordinated, including the 2026 Notes and 2025 Notes, are effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company's current or future subsidiaries.
On or after November 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2023 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, regardless of the succeeding conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election, as described in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes.
Holders may convert their 2023 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2022 only under the following circumstances:
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
•during the five consecutive business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2023 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the 2023 Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the 2023 Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2023 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
For more than 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended December 31, 2020, the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2023 Notes. As a result, the 2023 Notes became convertible at the option of the holders on January 1, 2021 and were convertible through March 31, 2021. For more than 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended March 31, 2021, June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2023 Notes. As a result, the 2023 Notes became convertible at the option of the holders on April 1, 2021 and are convertible through December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, the if-converted value of the 2023 Notes exceeded the principal amount by $4.3 million. The if-converted value was determined based on the closing price of the Company's common stock of $80.14 on September 30, 2021. Of the initial 2023 Notes outstanding, 22 notes, with a principal amount of $1,000 each, have been converted since original issuance of the 2023 Notes through the date of this filing.
In accordance with accounting guidance for cash conversion features, the Company valued the liability component at the estimated fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion feature. The effective interest rate for the liability component was 5.875%. The liability component of the 2023 Notes is recorded in long-term debt, and the interest payable is recorded in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021. The Company recorded the difference between the initial proceeds of the convertible debt and the fair value of the conversion feature, and the difference was allocated to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the carrying amount of the equity component.
In accounting for the transaction costs for the February 2018 convertible note offering, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $5.3 million for the 2023 Notes are being amortized to expense over the expected life the 2023 Notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion feature, totaling $1.5 million for the 2023 Notes were netted with the equity component.
The outstanding 2023 Notes consist of the following:

|  | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Liability component: |  |  |  |
Principal |  | $ | 10,909 |  |  | $ | 48,035 |
Unamortized debt discount |  | (765) |  |  | (4,915) |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  | (76) |  |  | (501) |
Net carrying amount |  | 10,068 |  |  | 42,619 |
Equity component: |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 2,321 |  |  | $ | 10,217 |

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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2023 Notes:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 1,294 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 45 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 819 |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 127 |  |  | 2,506 |  |  | 1,088 |  |  | 7,422 |
Total |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 3,213 |  |  | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 9,535 |

As of September 30, 2021, the remaining period over which the debt discount and debt issuance costs will be amortized was 1.4 years.
Bond Hedges and Warrant Transactions
Concurrent with the February 2018 convertible note offering, the Company entered into separate convertible note bond hedges, or Bond Hedges, and Warrant transactions. The Bond Hedges are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company's common stock upon conversion of the 2023 Notes. The Bond Hedges are call options that give the Company the option to purchase, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially identical to those in the 2023 Notes, approximately 0.9 million shares of its common stock for $57.38 per share, exercisable upon conversion of the 2023 Notes and expires in February 2023. The total cost of the Bond Hedges transactions was $41.7 million.
In November 2020, and in connection with the partial exchange of the 2023 Notes, the Company terminated Bond Hedges corresponding to approximately 0.7 million shares for cash proceeds of $171.7 million. In May 2021, and in connection with the partial repurchase of the 2023 Notes, the Company terminated Bond Hedges corresponding to approximately 0.1 million shares for cash proceeds of $26.3 million. The proceeds were recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.
As of September 30, 2021, Bond Hedges giving the Company the option to repurchase approximately 0.1 million shares remained outstanding.
Under the February 2018 Warrant transactions, the Company issued warrants to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, up to approximately 4.0 million shares over 80 scheduled trading days beginning on May 15, 2023 at an exercise price of $78.75 per share. If the Warrants are not exercised on their exercise dates, they will expire. Pursuant to the Warrants, if the average market value per share of the Company's common stock for the reporting period, as measured under the Warrants, exceeds the exercise price of the Warrants of $78.75, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company's earnings per share, assuming the Company is profitable. The Company received $22.4 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the Warrants.
In November 2020, and in connection with the partial exchange of the 2023 Notes, the Company terminated Warrants corresponding to approximately 3.2 million shares for total cash payments of $137.5 million. In May 2021, and in connection with the partial repurchase of the 2023 Notes, the Company terminated Warrants corresponding to approximately 0.6 million shares for total cash payments of $19.7 million. The termination payments were recorded as a decrease to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.
As of September 30, 2021, Warrants to acquire up to approximately 0.2 million shares remained outstanding.
The Bond Hedges and the Warrants are separate transactions, in each case, entered into by the Company with counterparties, and are not part of the terms of the 2023 Notes and will not affect any holders' rights under the 2023 Notes. The holders of the 2023 Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Bond Hedges or Warrant transactions. The Bond Hedges and Warrants do not meet the criteria for derivative accounting as they are indexed to the Company's stock. The amounts paid for the Bond Hedges and the proceeds received from the sale of the Warrants have been included as a net reduction to additional paid-in capital.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
0.75% Convertible Note due 2026
In June 2019, the Company issued $316.3 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in June 2026. The interest rate for the 2026 Notes is fixed at 0.75% per annum with interest payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on December 1, 2019. The 2026 Notes mature on June 1, 2026, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. Each $1,000 of principal of the 2026 Notes will initially be convertible into 11.2851 shares of the Company's common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $88.61 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the 2026 Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events.
The 2026 Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2026 Notes, rank equally in right of payment with any of the Company's indebtedness that is not so subordinated, including the 2023 Notes and 2025 Notes, are effectively junior to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company's current and future subsidiaries.
On or after June 5, 2023, the Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2026 Notes, at the Company's option if the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period. If the Company calls any or all of the 2026 Notes for redemption, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day prior to the redemption date, even if the 2026 Notes are not otherwise convertible at such time. After that time, the right to convert such 2026 Notes will expire, unless the Company defaults on the payment of the redemption price, in which case a holder of 2026 Notes may convert all or any portion of its 2026 Notes until the redemption price has been paid or duly provided for.
On or after March 1, 2026, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the succeeding conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election, as described in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes.
Holders may convert their 2026 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2026 only under the following circumstances:
•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
•during the five consecutive business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the 2026 Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the 2026 Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. As of September 30, 2021, the 2026 Notes were not convertible.
In accordance with accounting guidance for cash conversion features, the Company valued the liability component at the estimated fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion feature. The effective interest rate for the liability component was 5.38%. The liability component of the 2026 Notes is recorded in long-term debt, and the interest payable is recorded in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021. The Company recorded the difference between the initial proceeds of the convertible debt and the fair value of the conversion feature, and the difference was allocated to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the carrying amount of the equity component.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
In accounting for the transaction costs for the June 2019 convertible note offering, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $6.4 million for the 2026 Notes are being amortized to expense over the expected life the 2026 Notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion feature, totaling $2.9 million for the 2026 Notes were netted with the equity component.
The outstanding 2026 Notes consist of the following:

|  | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Liability component: |  |  |  |
Principal |  | $ | 316,250 |  |  | $ | 316,250 |
Unamortized debt discount |  | (59,756) |  |  | (67,977) |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  | (4,489) |  |  | (5,114) |
Net carrying amount |  | 252,005 |  |  | 243,159 |
Equity component: |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 81,550 |  |  | $ | 81,550 |

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2026 Notes:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | 1,779 |  |  | $ | 1,772 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 219 |  |  | 206 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 608 |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 2,801 |  |  | 2,698 |  |  | 8,188 |  |  | 7,959 |
Total |  | $ | 3,613 |  |  | $ | 3,497 |  |  | $ | 10,603 |  |  | $ | 10,339 |

As of September 30, 2021, the remaining period over which the debt discount and debt issuance costs will be amortized was 4.7 years.
Capped Call Transactions
In connection with the June 2019 convertible note offering, the Company entered into capped call transactions with one or more counterparties, or the 2019 Capped Calls. The 2019 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of $88.6124 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which correspond to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Notes. The 2019 Capped Calls have initial cap prices of $139.00 per share. The 2019 Capped Calls are expected to offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the 2026 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes in the event the market price per share of common stock is greater than the strike price of the 2019 Capped Call, with such offset subject to a cap. If, however, the market price per share of the common stock exceeds the cap price of the 2019 Capped Calls, there would be dilution and/or there would not be an offset of such potential cash payments, in each case, to the extent that the then-market price per share of the common stock exceeds the cap price. As the 2019 Capped Calls are considered indexed to the Company's stock and are considered equity classified, they are recorded in stockholders' equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $40.8 million incurred in connection with the 2019 Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
0.125% Convertible Notes due 2025
In November 2020, the Company issued $350.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in November 2025. This was achieved by exchanging $181.9 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes for $210.7 million principal amount of the 2025 Notes and issuing an additional $139.3 million of new notes. The interest rate for the 2025 Notes is fixed at 0.125% per annum with interest payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on May 15, 2021. The 2025 Notes mature on November 15, 2025, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. Each $1,000 of principal of the 2025 Notes will initially be convertible into 7.1355 shares of the Company's common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $140.14 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the 2025 Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events.
The 2025 Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 Notes, rank equally in right of payment with any of the Company's indebtedness that is not so subordinated, including the 2023 Notes and 2026 Notes, are effectively junior to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company's current and future subsidiaries.
On or after November 20, 2023, the Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 Notes, at the Company's option if the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period. If the Company calls any or all of the 2025 Notes for redemption, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2025 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day prior to the redemption date, even if the 2025 Notes are not otherwise convertible at such time. After that time, the right to convert such 2025 Notes will expire, unless the Company defaults on the payment of the redemption price, in which case a holder of 2025 Notes may convert all or any portion of its 2025 Notes until the redemption price has been paid or duly provided for.
On or after August 15, 2025, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2025 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the succeeding conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election, as described in the indenture governing the 2025 Notes.
Holders may convert their 2025 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 15, 2025 only under the following circumstances:
•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 30, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
•during the five consecutive business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the 2025 Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the 2025 Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. As of September 30, 2021, the 2025 Notes were not yet convertible.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
In accordance with accounting guidance for cash conversion features, the Company valued the liability component at the estimated fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion feature. The effective interest rate for the liability component was 5.0%. The liability component of the 2025 Notes is recorded in long-term debt, and the interest payable is recorded in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021. The Company recorded the difference between the initial proceeds of the convertible debt and the fair value of the conversion feature, and the difference was allocated to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the carrying amount of the equity component.
In accounting for the transaction costs for the November 2020 convertible note offering, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $5.4 million for the 2025 Notes are being amortized to expense over the expected life the 2025 Notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion feature, totaling $1.5 million for the 2025 Notes were netted with the equity component.
The outstanding 2025 Notes consist of the following:

|  | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Liability component: |  |  |  |
Principal |  | $ | 350,000 |  |  | $ | 350,000 |
Unamortized debt discount |  | (62,894) |  |  | (73,075) |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  | (4,476) |  |  | (5,235) |
Net carrying amount |  | 282,630 |  |  | 271,690 |
Equity component: |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 73,109 |  |  | $ | 73,097 |

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2025 Notes:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 241 |  |  | 717 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 3,416 |  |  | 10,122 |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 3,766 |  |  | $ | 11,166 |  |  |  |  |

As of September 30, 2021, the remaining period over which the debt discount and debt issuance costs will be amortized was 4.1 years.
Capped Call Transactions
In connection with the November 2020 convertible note offering, the Company entered into capped call transactions with one or more counterparties, or the 2020 Capped Calls. The 2020 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of $140.1443 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which correspond to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Notes. The 2020 Capped Calls have initial cap prices of $211.54 per share. The 2020 Capped Calls are expected to offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the 2025 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes in the event the market price per share of common stock is greater than the strike price of the 2020 Capped Call, with such offset subject to a cap. If, however, the market price per share of the common stock exceeds the cap price of the 2020 Capped Calls, there would be dilution and/or there would not be an offset of such potential cash payments, in each case, to the extent that the then-market price per share of the common stock exceeds the cap price. As the 2020 Capped Calls are considered indexed to the Company's stock and are considered equity classified, they are recorded in stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheet and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $39.8 million incurred in connection with the 2020 Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.
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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
9. Stockholders' Equity
On May 15, 2020, the Company completed a registered public offering of 4,735,294 shares of the Company's common stock at a price of $76.50 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions. The Company sold 4,235,294 of such shares and existing stockholders sold an aggregate of 500,000 of such shares. The May 2020 common stock offering generated net proceeds to the Company of approximately $311.3 million, after deducting $12.7 million in underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, which have been recorded against the proceeds received from the offering. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders in the May 2020 common stock offering.
10. Stock-Based Compensation
In March 2014, the Company's board of directors approved the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2014 Plan, under which stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and units and other cash-based or stock-based awards may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Shares of common stock that are issued and available for issuance under the 2014 Plan consist of authorized, but unissued or reacquired shares of common stock or any combination thereof.
As of December 31, 2020, a total of 13,322 shares had been reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan. The 2014 Plan contains a provision that automatically increases the shares available for issuance under the plan on January 1 of each year subsequent to the 2014 Plan's adoption through 2024, by an amount equal to the smaller of (a) 4.5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or (b) an amount determined by the Company's board of directors. On January 1, 2021, 2,500 shares were added to the 2014 Plan in accordance with the annual automatic increase provision of the 2014 Plan. In addition, the 2014 Plan reserve is automatically increased to include any shares issuable upon expiration or termination of options granted under the Company's 2007 Stock Plan, or 2007 Plan, for options that expire or terminate without having been exercised. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, no shares have been transferred to the 2014 Plan from the 2007 Plan, and as of September 30, 2021 a total of 15,823 shares were allocated for issuance under the 2014 Plan. As of September 30, 2021, options to purchase a total of 2,706 shares of common stock have been granted under the 2014 Plan, 6,652 shares have been reserved under the 2014 Plan for the vesting of restricted stock units and market stock units, 1,337 shares have been returned to the 2014 Plan as a result of termination of options that expired or terminated without having been exercised and restricted stock awards that terminated prior to the awards vesting, and 7,802 shares of common stock remain available for future issuance under the 2014 Plan.
In July 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Plan under which options or stock purchase rights may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Upon the completion of the Company's initial public offering, or IPO, in March 2014, the board of directors terminated the 2007 Plan in connection with the IPO and all shares that were available for future issuance under the 2007 Plan at such time were transferred to the 2014 Plan. The 2007 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of all outstanding equity awards granted under the 2007 Plan. As of September 30, 2021, no shares remain available for future issuance under the 2007 Plan.
Stock Options
Stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

|  | Number of Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | 670 |  |  | $ | 27.43 |
Granted |  | — |  |  | — |
Exercised |  | (297) |  |  | 19.58 |
Forfeited |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance as of September 30, 2021 |  | 373 |  |  | $ | 33.67 |

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Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

|  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2021 |  | 1,757 |  |  | $ | 70.74 |
Granted |  | 662 |  |  | 115.71 |
Vested |  | (573) |  |  | 61.92 |
Forfeited |  | (193) |  |  | 79.28 |
Nonvested as of September 30, 2021 |  | 1,653 |  |  | $ | 90.83 |

Market Stock Units
Market stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

|  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2021 |  | 370 |  |  | $ | 35.67 |
Granted |  | 101 |  |  | 80.11 |
Change in awards based on performance(1) |  | 206 |  |  | 39.67 |
Vested |  | (386) |  |  | 33.62 |
Forfeited |  | (21) |  |  | 44.67 |
Nonvested as of September 30, 2021 |  | 270 |  |  | $ | 57.58 |

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Represents the change in the number of MSUs earned based on performance achievement for the performance period.
11. Income Taxes
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2021. The Company's provision for income taxes is based on estimated effective tax rates derived from an estimate of annual consolidated earnings before taxes, adjusted for nondeductible expenses, other permanent items, valuation allowances, and any applicable income tax credits.
The Company's provision for income taxes reflected an effective tax rate of approximately (1.9)% and (0.4)% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and (1.1)% and (0.6)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company's effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to its valuation allowance offsetting the benefits of losses in the United States.
To date, the Company has provided a valuation allowance against most of its deferred tax assets as it believes the objective and verifiable evidence of its historical pretax net losses outweighs any positive evidence of its forecasted future results. The Company will continue to monitor the positive and negative evidence, and it will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available.
At September 30, 2021, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits representing a $0.4 million decrease, including an insignificant amount of accrued interest, from the balance at December 31, 2020. Of this amount, $0.2 million resulted in an income tax benefit during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Operating losses generated in years prior to 2017 remain open to adjustment until the statute of limitations closes for the tax year in which the net operating losses are utilized. The Company's tax years 2017 through 2020 generally remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. The Company is not currently under examination by any other taxing jurisdiction.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. You can identify these statements by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "can," "continue," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "seeks," "should," "will," "strategy," "future," "likely," or "would" or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control, including the COVID-19 outbreak and the associated efforts to limit the spread of the disease. All of our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks described under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.
Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management's beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We hereby qualify our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other SEC filings, including the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2021.
Overview
We are a leading provider of secure, cloud-based digital solutions that transform the ways in which traditional and emerging financial services providers engage with account holders and end users, or End Users. We sell our solutions to financial institutions, alternative finance and leasing companies, or Alt-FIs, and financial technology companies, or FinTechs. Our solutions enable our customers to deliver robust suites of digital banking, lending, leasing, and banking-as-a-service, or BaaS, services that make it possible for End Users to transact and engage anytime, anywhere and on any device. Our solutions are often the most frequent point of engagement between our customers and their End Users. As such, we purpose-build our solutions to deliver compelling and consistent End-User experiences across digital channels and to drive the success of our customers by optimizing their digital brands and enhancing End-User acquisition, retention and engagement.
The effective delivery and management of secure and advanced digital solutions in the complex and heavily regulated financial services industry requires significant resources, personnel and expertise. We provide digital solutions that are designed to be highly configurable, scalable and adaptable to the specific needs of our customers. We design and develop our solutions with an open platform approach intended to provide comprehensive integration among our solution offerings and our customers' internal and third-party systems. This integrated approach allows our customers to deliver unified and robust financial experiences across digital channels. Our solutions provide our customers the flexibility to configure their digital services in a manner that is consistent with each customer's specific workflows, processes and controls. Our solutions also allow our customers to personalize the digital experiences they deliver to their End Users by extending their individual services and brand requirements across digital channels. Our solutions and our data center infrastructure and resources are also designed to comply with the stringent security and technical regulations applicable to financial institutions and financial services providers and to safeguard our customers and their End Users.
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We began by providing digital banking solutions to domestic regional and community financial institutions, or RCFIs, with the mission of empowering them to leverage technology to compete more effectively and to strengthen the communities and End Users they serve. To date, a substantial majority of our revenues continue to come from sales of our digital banking platform, and we continue to be focused on our founding mission of building stronger and more diverse communities by strengthening their financial institutions. However, the continued proliferation and ubiquity of mobile and tablet devices and End Users' increasing expectations for digital services have driven increases in the number of providers, greater fragmentation of financial services markets and a broadening set of new and innovative digital services, creating challenges and opportunities in the markets served by financial institutions as well as emerging providers such as Alt-FIs and FinTechs. End Users increasingly expect to transact and engage with financial services providers anytime, anywhere and on any device, and seamlessly across devices. End Users also select digital solutions based on the quality and intuitiveness of the digital user experience.
Financial institutions, Alt-FIs and FinTechs are seeking to address these challenges and opportunities and capture End-User engagement by providing new, innovative digital financial services, solutions and experiences. Traditional financial services providers such as banks and credit unions are experiencing reduced End-User engagement in their physical branches and increased End-User engagement with their digital services and thus, they are increasing their investment in digital services. Emerging providers such as Alt-FIs and FinTechs are leveraging their digital focus and expertise and capitalizing on increased End-User demand for digital financial services by creating new and expanding existing digital service offerings. The combination of these two drivers of investment by traditional and emerging financial services providers is driving new competition, innovation and unique market opportunities.
We deliver our solutions to most of our customers using a software-as-a-service, or SaaS, model under which our customers pay subscription fees for the use of our solutions. A small portion of our revenues are derived from customers which host our solutions in their own data centers under term license and maintenance agreements. Our digital banking platform customers have numerous End Users, and those End Users can represent one or more consumer or commercial users registered to use one or more of our solutions on our digital banking platform, or Registered Users. We generally price our digital banking platform solutions based on the number of solutions purchased by our customers and the number of Registered Users utilizing our solutions. We generally earn additional revenues from our digital banking platform customers based on the number of transactions that Registered Users perform on our solutions in excess of the levels included in our standard subscription fee. As a result, our revenues from digital banking platform customers grow as our customers buy more solutions from us and increase the number of Registered Users utilizing our solutions and as those users increase their number of transactions on our solutions. The structure and terms of the arrangements for our newer lending, leasing and BaaS solutions are varied, but we generally sell these solutions on a subscription basis through our direct sales organization, and the related revenues are recognized over the terms of the customer agreements.
We have achieved significant growth since our inception. During each of the past eight years, our average number of Registered Users per installed customer on our digital banking platform, or Installed Customer, has grown, and in many instances we have been able to sell additional solutions to existing customers. Our revenues per Installed Customer and per Registered User vary period-to-period based on the length and timing of customer implementations, changes in the average number of Registered Users per customer, sales of additional solutions to existing customers, changes in the number of transactions on our solutions by Registered Users and variations among existing customers and new customers with respect to the mix of purchased solutions and related pricing. Please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Measures" for additional detail on how we define "Installed Customers" and "Registered Users."
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The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant risks and uncertainties for our customers, their End Users, our partners and suppliers, our employees and our business generally. However, we believe that these events are accelerating the transition to digital financial solutions and that our portfolio of digital financial services solutions and our position and reputation in the market provide us with an opportunity to continue to serve customers and grow our business. We considered the uncertainties and risks posed by the continuing COVID-19 pandemic when preparing our 2021 budget and hiring plans and though we expect our headcount growth rate to be somewhat lower than we experienced in 2019 and prior, we expect our 2021 hiring growth rate to exceed that of 2020 based on an improved buying environment and reduced COVID-19 impacts. In the long term, and subject to more clarity regarding when we may return to a more normal operating environment post COVID-19 pandemic, we remain committed to continuing to strategically invest across our organization to position us to increase revenues and to improve operating efficiencies. We are also considering how our physical facilities requirements might change when we return to increased onsite operations, including the costs associated with ensuring a safe work environment and the likely increased prevalence of working from home for employees. The timing and amount of these investments will vary based on the rate at which we expect to add new customers or sell additional solutions to existing customers, our customer retention rates, the implementation and support needs of our customers, our software development plans, our technology and physical infrastructure requirements, and changes thereto resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and other needs of our organization. Many of these investments will occur in advance of our realizing any resultant benefit which may make it difficult to determine if we are effectively allocating our resources.
If we are successful in growing our revenues by increasing the number of customers and scope of our customer relationships, we anticipate that greater economies of scale and increased operating leverage will improve our margins over the long term. We also anticipate that increases in the number of Registered Users for existing digital banking platform customers in the longer term will improve our margins. However, we do not have any control or influence over whether End Users of our digital banking platform elect to become Registered Users of our customers' digital banking services.
We sell our solutions primarily through our professional sales organization. While the financial institutions market is well-defined due to the regulatory classifications of those financial institutions, the Alt-FI and FinTech markets are broader and more difficult to define due to the changing number of providers in each market. Over the long term, we intend to continue to invest in additional sales representatives to identify and address the financial institution, Alt-FI and FinTech markets across the U.S. and internationally and to increase our number of sales support and marketing personnel, as well as our investment in marketing initiatives designed to increase awareness of our solutions and generate new customer opportunities.
We have continuously invested in expanding and improving our digital banking platform since its introduction in 2005, and we intend to continue investing both organically and inorganically through acquisitions to expand our portfolio. Over the past five years we have acquired or developed new solutions and additional functions that serve a broader range of needs of financial institutions as well as the needs of Alt-FIs and FinTechs. Our solutions now include a broad range of services and experiences including commercial banking, regulatory and compliance, digital lending and leasing, BaaS, digital account opening and data-driven sales enablement and portfolio management solutions both in the U.S. and internationally.
We believe that financial services providers are best served by a broad, integrated portfolio of digital solutions that provide rapid, flexible and comprehensive integration with internal and third-party systems allowing them to provide modern, intuitive digital financial services in a secure, regulatory-compliant manner. We also believe that the breadth and depth of our solution offerings across the financial institution, Alt-FI and FinTech markets, our open and flexible platform approach, our position as a leading provider of digital banking solutions to a large network of RCFIs, and our expertise in delivering new, innovative, secure and regulatory-compliant digital solutions uniquely position us in the market for digital financial services solutions. We currently intend to increase investments in technology innovation and software development as we enhance our solutions and platforms and increase or expand the number of solutions that we offer.
We believe that delivery of consistent, high-quality customer support is a significant driver of purchasing and renewal decisions of our prospects and customers. To develop and maintain a reputation for high-quality service, we seek to build deep relationships with our customers through our customer service organization, which we staff with personnel who are motivated by our common mission of using technology to help our customers succeed and who are knowledgeable with respect to the regulated and complex nature of the financial services industry. As our business grows, we currently intend to continue to invest in and grow our services and delivery organization to support our customers' needs and maintain our reputation.
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COVID-19 Pandemic
Global health concerns with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic and related government actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have caused disruption to the macroeconomic environment, and the pandemic has significantly increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity, including consumer and business spending. While there has been significant economic recovery in certain markets due to broad vaccination availability, loosening of lock-down measures and re-openings of businesses, the recovery is characterized by additional uncertainty as a result of the disruption caused by the pandemic, including supply chain constraints in many industries, significant price increases for certain goods and services, rapid increases in demand as economies re-open, increased employee attrition, skilled labor shortages, wage inflation and businesses and labor markets navigating how they will operate post-pandemic. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments unknown and unpredictable at this time, including the continued duration, severity and spread of the pandemic, including new variants, related restrictions on travel and transportation and other actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, the predictability and success of any re-opening efforts, the impacts of the pandemic on labor markets, the impact to our customers, their End Users, our suppliers and partners, and other items identified as risk factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other SEC filings. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic may have or the challenges and unpredictability of re-opening efforts, and, as a result, the ultimate impacts of the pandemic remain highly uncertain and subject to change. Based on the information available to us to date, we believe we have taken an informed, proactive and effective approach to addressing the direct known effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us, our customers and other third parties on which we rely and that we have been able to effectively deliver and support our solutions for our customers utilizing numerous remote capabilities and channels.
In early 2020 we implemented enhanced health and safety protocols at our locations, and by mid-March 2020 virtually every one of our employees had transitioned to working remotely from home. Through mid-2021, we continued to operate with the vast majority of our employees working remotely. However, during the quarter ended June 30, 2021, we began allowing employees to return to onsite work on a limited, voluntary basis, subject to health and safety protocols. Effective November 1, 2021, we re-opened all of our U.S. facilities, and have provided each of our U.S. employees with the choice of either continuing to work remotely, working in a hybrid capacity (one or two days per week onsite) or fully returning to onsite attendance, with any onsite attendance subject to health and safety protocols. As we navigate the reopening of our onsite facilities, we believe employee preferences between remote, hybrid and onsite attendance are likely to change over time, and we will continue to adapt our physical facilities and IT infrastructure to accommodate a safe and successful work experience for our onsite, hybrid and remote employees. Throughout the pandemic we believe our corporate culture, business model, customer relations, and technology and information technology infrastructure have effectively allowed our employees to substantially perform their roles whether remote, hybrid or onsite.
We also have performed additional due diligence with critical vendors and other third parties on which we rely to assess their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and impacts on their operations and services. To date, we have not experienced any material adverse impacts from any of our vendors or other third parties on which we rely. We intend to continue to conduct enhanced due diligence on such vendors and third parties for the foreseeable future as the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continues to persist.
We also are continuing to conduct outreach to our customers and many prospective customers to assess their needs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and their own re-opening efforts and to seek to identify ways that we may assist them with our solutions and services. We believe the impacts of COVID-19 and related re-opening efforts on our existing and prospective customers present both challenges and opportunities. While we believe the pandemic and related re-opening efforts have increased the importance and prominence of digital financial solutions, the increased economic uncertainty, reduced economic activity, including consumer and business spending, and challenges associated with re-opening have resulted in delays in certain purchasing decisions and implementations. Accordingly, we expect to continue to see negative impacts of COVID-19 on our bookings, revenues, gross margins and cash flows from operations relative to pre-pandemic levels, although we continue to anticipate gradual improvement during 2021 as compared to the impacts we experienced in 2020. Specifically, during the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we observed an improved sales environment relative to the first half of 2021, and we believe that for the remainder of fiscal 2021 we will continue to see improvements in the predictability of purchasing decisions and implementations by customers as compared to fiscal 2020. However, the duration and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be highly unpredictable and may continue to disrupt any seasonality trends that may otherwise typically be inherent in our historical operating results.
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Despite these challenges among customers, the usage by End Users of digital financial solutions has never been higher and we are making additional investments to enhance our technology infrastructure to support this heightened usage. We have seen increased online banking activity as a result of shelter-in-place and similar orders as well as spikes in logins as End Users check accounts for items such as government stimulus funds. We believe the challenges and opportunities posed by the COVID-19 pandemic have and will continue to cause financial institutions to increase their focus on maintaining and improving their digital financial services offerings.
Key Operating Measures
In addition to the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, measures described below in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Components of Operating Results," we monitor the following operating measures to evaluate growth trends, plan investments and measure the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts:
Installed Customers
We define Installed Customers as the number of customers on live implementations (or installations) of our digital banking platforms. The average size of our Installed Customers, measured in both Registered Users per Installed Customer and revenues per Installed Customer, has increased over time as our existing Installed Customers continue to add Registered Users and buy more solutions from us, and as we add larger RCFIs to our Installed Customer base. The net rate at which we add Installed Customers varies based on our implementation capacity, the size and unique needs of our customers, the readiness of our customers to implement our solutions and customer attrition, including as a result of merger and acquisition activity among financial institutions. While we believe the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the importance and prominence of our portfolio of digital financial services solutions and provides us with an opportunity to continue to grow our business, the increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity resulting from the pandemic, including consumer and business spending, has resulted in delays in certain purchasing decisions and implementations, which has slowed the rate at which we add new Installed Customers during 2021 as compared to what we believe our growth rate would have been without the effects of the pandemic. We had 450, 414 and 401 Installed Customers on our digital banking platform as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Registered Users
We define a Registered User as an individual related to an account holder of an Installed Customer on our digital banking platform who has registered to use one or more of our solutions and has current access to use those solutions as of the last day of the reporting period presented. We price our digital banking platform solutions based on the number of Registered Users, so as the number of Registered Users of our solutions increases, our revenues generally tend to grow. Our average number of Registered Users per Installed Customer grows as our existing digital banking platform customers add more Registered Users and as we add larger RCFIs to our Installed Customer base. We anticipate that the number of Registered Users will grow at a faster rate than our number of Installed Customers. The rate at which our customers add Registered Users and the incremental revenues we recognize from new Registered Users vary significantly period-to-period based on the timing of our implementations of new customers, the timing of registration of new End Users, and varying contractual minimum user counts. We add new Registered Users through both organic growth from existing customers and from the addition of End Users from new Installed Customers. We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased registration of new End Users with existing customers; however, the increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity, including consumer and business spending, has also resulted in delays in certain purchasing decisions and implementations, which has slowed the rate at which we add new Installed Customers and with them, new Registered Users from such customers. Accordingly, at this time we are unable to predict the anticipated long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth in our number of Registered Users. Our Installed Customers had approximately 17.8 million, 14.6 million and 12.8 million Registered Users as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Registered Users at September 30, 2021 were 19.2 million compared to 17.1 million at September 30, 2020.
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Revenue Retention Rate
We believe that our ability to retain our customers and expand their use of our products and services over time is an indicator of the stability of our revenue base and the long-term value of our customer relationships. We assess our performance in this area using a metric we refer to as our revenue retention rate. We calculate our revenue retention rate as the total revenues in a calendar year, excluding any revenues from solutions of businesses acquired during such year, from customers who were implemented on any of our solutions as of December 31 of the prior year, expressed as a percentage of the total revenues during the prior year from the same group of customers. Our revenue retention rate provides insight into the impact on current year revenues of: the number of new customers implemented on any of our solutions during the prior year; the timing of our implementation of those new customers in the prior year; growth in the number of End Users on such solutions and changes in their usage of such solutions; sales of new products and services to our existing customers during the current year, excluding any products or services resulting from businesses acquired during such year and customer attrition. The most significant drivers of changes in our revenue retention rate each year have historically been the number of new customers in the prior year and the timing of our implementation of those new customers. The timing of our implementation of new customers in the prior year is significant because we do not start recognizing revenues from new customers until they are implemented. If implementations are weighted more heavily in the first or second half of the prior year, our revenue retention rate will be lower or higher, respectively. We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has created incentives for our existing customers to purchase additional features to support the increase in demand for digital banking; however, the increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity, including consumer and business spending, also has resulted in delays in certain purchasing decisions and implementations, which may adversely affect our revenue retention rate. We also have experienced contract terminations with customers who became insolvent as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, at this time we are unable to predict the anticipated long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our revenue retention rate. Our use of revenue retention rate has limitations as an analytical tool, and investors should not consider it in isolation. Other companies in our industry may calculate revenue retention rate differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Our revenue retention rate was 122%, 120% and 114% for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Churn
We utilize churn to monitor the satisfaction of our customers and evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies. We define churn as the amount of any monthly recurring revenue losses due to customer cancellations and downgrades, net of upgrades and additions of new solutions, during a year, divided by our monthly recurring revenue at the beginning of the year. Cancellations refer to customers that have either stopped using our services completely or remained a customer but terminated a particular service. Downgrades are a result of customers taking less of a particular service or renewing their contract for identical services at a lower price. We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has created incentives for our existing customers to purchase additional features to support the increase in demand for digital banking; however, the increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity, including consumer and business spending, has resulted in delays in certain purchasing decisions and implementations and also may result in certain downgrades and cancellations from existing customers, each of which may adversely affect our churn. We also have experienced contract terminations with customers who became insolvent as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, at this time we are unable to predict the anticipated long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our churn. Our annual churn has ranged from 3.5% to 5.9% over the last nine years, and we had annual churn of 5.9%, 5.1% and 5.0% for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our use of churn has limitations as an analytical tool, and investors should not consider it in isolation. Other companies in our industry may calculate churn differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures to clarify and enhance our understanding, and aid in the period-to-period comparison, of our performance. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide supplemental information that is meaningful when assessing our operating performance because they exclude the impact of certain categories that our management and board of directors do not consider part of core operating results when assessing our operational performance, allocating resources, preparing annual budgets and determining compensation. Accordingly, these non-GAAP financial measures may provide insight to investors into the motivation and decision-making of management in operating the business. Set forth in the tables below are the corresponding GAAP financial measures for each non-GAAP financial measure. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to its most comparable GAAP financial measure included below. While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information, non-GAAP financial measures have limitations and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, their most comparable GAAP measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, do not reflect a comprehensive system of accounting and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences in their financing and accounting methods, the book value of their assets, their capital structures, the method by which their assets were acquired and the manner in which they define non-GAAP measures. Items such as the deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting, stock-based compensation, acquisition related costs, amortization of acquired technology, amortization of acquired intangible assets, partnership termination charges and unoccupied lease charges can have a material impact on our GAAP financial results.
Non-GAAP Revenue
We define non-GAAP revenue as total revenue excluding the impact of purchase accounting. We monitor these measures to assess our performance because we believe our revenue growth rates would be understated without these adjustments. We believe presenting non-GAAP revenue aids in the comparability between periods and in assessing our overall operating performance.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GAAP revenue |  | $ | 126,736 |  |  | $ | 103,804 |  |  | $ | 366,829 |  |  | $ | 293,765 |
Deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting |  | 554 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 1,677 |  |  | 3,720 |
Total Non-GAAP revenue |  | $ | 127,290 |  |  | $ | 104,761 |  |  | $ | 368,506 |  |  | $ | 297,485 |

Non-GAAP Operating Income
We provide non-GAAP operating income using non-GAAP revenue as discussed above and excluding such items as deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting, stock-based compensation, acquisition related costs, amortization of acquired technology, amortization of acquired intangible assets, partnership termination charges and unoccupied lease charges. We believe excluding these items is useful for the following reasons:
•Deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting. We provide non-GAAP information that excludes the deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting. We believe that the exclusion of deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting allows users of our financial statements to better review and understand the historical and current results of our continuing operations.
•Amortization of acquired technology and intangible assets. We provide non-GAAP information that excludes expenses related to purchased technology and intangible assets associated with our acquisitions. We believe that eliminating this expense from our non-GAAP measures is useful to investors, because the amortization of acquired technology and intangible assets can be inconsistent in amount and frequency and is significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisition transactions, which also vary in frequency from period to period. Accordingly, we analyze the performance of our operations in each period without regard to such expenses.
•Stock-based compensation. We provide non-GAAP information that excludes expenses related to stock-based compensation. We believe that the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense provides for a better comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies as the calculations of stock-based compensation vary from period to period and company to company due to different valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of award types. Because of these unique characteristics of stock-based compensation, we exclude these expenses when analyzing the organization's business performance.
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•Acquisition related costs. We exclude certain expense items resulting from our acquisitions, such as legal, accounting and consulting fees, changes in fair value of contingent consideration and retention expense. We consider these adjustments, to some extent, to be unpredictable and dependent on a significant number of factors that are outside of our control. Furthermore, acquisitions result in operating expenses that would not otherwise have been incurred by us in the normal course of our organic business operations. We believe that providing these non-GAAP measures that exclude acquisition related costs, allows users of our financial statements to better review and understand the historical and current results of our continuing operations, and also facilitates comparisons to our historical results and results of less acquisitive peer companies, both with and without such adjustments.
•Partnership termination charges. In the quarter ended June 30, 2020, in connection with the termination of a strategic partnership, we agreed to pay a termination fee of $5.6 million in May 2020 and $7.6 million in the third quarter of 2021. We are excluding the charges associated with this partnership termination as they are non-recurring in nature and would not otherwise have been incurred by us in the normal course of our organic business operations. We believe that providing these non-GAAP measures that exclude partnership termination charges allows users of our financial statements to better review and understand the historical and current results of our continuing operations, and also facilitates comparisons to our historical results and results of peer companies, both with and without such adjustments.
•Unoccupied lease charges. We provide non-GAAP information that excludes restructuring charges related to the estimated costs of exiting and terminating facility lease commitments, as they relate to our corporate restructuring and exit activities. These charges are inconsistent in amount and are significantly impacted by the timing and nature of these events. Therefore, although we may incur these types of expenses in the future, we believe that eliminating these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of our operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
GAAP operating loss |  | $ | (22,972) |  |  | $ | (19,847) |  |  | $ | (60,428) |  |  | $ | (79,357) |
Deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting |  | 554 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 1,677 |  |  | 3,720 |
Partnership termination charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,244 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 14,069 |  |  | 11,596 |  |  | 40,791 |  |  | 36,915 |
Acquisition related costs |  | 581 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 2,841 |  |  | 714 |
Amortization of acquired technology |  | 5,604 |  |  | 5,255 |  |  | 16,365 |  |  | 16,184 |
Amortization of acquired intangibles |  | 4,483 |  |  | 4,465 |  |  | 13,465 |  |  | 13,447 |
Unoccupied lease charges |  | 1,244 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 2,056 |  |  | 2,136 |
Non-GAAP operating income |  | $ | 3,563 |  |  | $ | 4,956 |  |  | $ | 16,767 |  |  | $ | 7,003 |

Adjusted EBITDA
We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss before depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, certain costs related to our recent acquisitions, (benefit from) provision for income taxes, interest and other (income) expense, net, deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting, partnership termination charges, loss on extinguishment of debt, and unoccupied lease charges. We believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results for the following reasons:
•adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company's operating performance without regard to items that can vary substantially from company to company depending upon their financing, capital structures and the method by which assets were acquired;
•our management uses adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with GAAP financial measures for planning purposes, in the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of our operating performance, to assess the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our board of directors concerning our financial performance;
•adjusted EBITDA provides more consistency and comparability with our past financial performance, facilitates period-to-period comparisons of our operations and also facilitates comparisons with other companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results; and
•our investor and analyst presentations include adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our overall operating performance.
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Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net loss or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. The use of adjusted EBITDA as an analytical tool has limitations such as:
•depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, and the assets being depreciated or amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash requirements for such replacements;
•adjusted EBITDA may not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs or contractual commitments;
•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of stock-based compensation;
•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest or tax payments that could reduce cash available for use; and
•other companies, including companies in our industry, might calculate adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures.
Because of these and other limitations, you should consider adjusted EBITDA together with our GAAP financial measures including cash flow from operations and net loss. The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,583) |  |  | $ | (26,720) |  |  | $ | (87,365) |  |  | $ | (99,799) |
Deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting |  | 554 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 1,677 |  |  | 3,720 |
Partnership termination charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,244 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 14,069 |  |  | 11,596 |  |  | 40,791 |  |  | 36,915 |
Acquisition related costs |  | 581 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 2,841 |  |  | 714 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 14,082 |  |  | 12,929 |  |  | 40,580 |  |  | 38,975 |
Unoccupied lease charges |  | 1,244 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 2,056 |  |  | 2,136 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 596 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 909 |  |  | 621 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,513 |  |  | — |
Interest (income) expense, net |  | 7,761 |  |  | 6,727 |  |  | 24,056 |  |  | 19,586 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 7,304 |  |  | $ | 8,135 |  |  | $ | 27,058 |  |  | $ | 16,112 |

Components of Operating Results
Revenues
Revenue-generating activities directly relate to the sale, implementation and support of our solutions within a single operating segment. We derive the majority of our revenues from subscription fees for the use of our solutions hosted in either our data centers or with cloud-based services, transactional revenue from bill-pay solutions and interchange fees, and revenues for customer support and implementation services related to our solutions. We recognize the corresponding revenues over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term. A small portion of our revenues are derived from customers which host and manage our solutions on-premises or in third-party data centers under term license and maintenance agreements. We recognize the software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license and the remaining arrangement consideration for maintenance revenue over time on a ratable basis over the term of the software license.
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Subscription fees are based on the number of solutions purchased by our customers, the number of End Users using the solutions and the number of bill-pay and certain other transactions those users conduct using our solutions in excess of the levels included in our standard subscription fee. Subscription fees are billed monthly, quarterly or annually and are recognized monthly over the term of our customer agreements. The initial term of our digital banking platform agreements averages over five years, although it varies by customer. The structure and terms of the arrangements for our newer lending and leasing and BaaS solutions are varied, but we generally sell these solutions on a subscription basis through our direct sales organization, and the related revenues are recognized over the terms of the customer agreements. We begin recognizing subscription fees when the control of the service transfers to the customer, generally when the solution is implemented and made available to the customer. We recognize revenue for bill-pay transaction services and interchange fees generated when End Users utilize debit cards integrated with its Q2 CorePro API or Q2 Biller Direct products in the month incurred based on actual or estimated transactions. The timing of our implementations varies period-to-period based on our implementation capacity, the number of solutions purchased by our customers, the size and unique needs of our customers and the readiness of our customers to implement our solutions. We recognize any related implementation services revenues ratably over the initial customer agreement term beginning on the date we commence recognizing subscription fees. Contract asset balances arise primarily when we provide services in advance of billing for those services. Amounts that have been invoiced but not paid are recorded in accounts receivable or other long-term assets, depending on the timing of expected billing, and in revenues or deferred revenues, depending on when control of the service transfers to the customer.
As a result of the economic and operational impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, our bookings, in particular with respect to new customer agreements, have been and we anticipate will continue to be adversely impacted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to pre-pandemic levels, although at this time we are unable to the predict the extent or duration of such impact. Specifically, we have experienced delays and unpredictability in the purchasing decisions of our customers and prospective customers and a slowing of net new customer deals, relative to pre-pandemic levels, partially offset by an increase in cross sales of additional features and functionality to our existing customer base due to the increased utilization and demand for digital banking solutions caused by the decreased in-branch operations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, during the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we observed an improved sales environment relative to the first half of 2021, and we believe that for the remainder of fiscal 2021 we will continue to see improvements in the predictability of purchasing decisions and implementations by customers as compared to fiscal 2020, although at this time we are unable to predict the full extent of such improvement. However, the duration and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be highly unpredictable and may continue to disrupt any seasonality trends that may otherwise typically be inherent in our historical operating results.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, for employees providing services to our customers. This includes the costs of our personnel performing implementation, customer support, data center and customer training activities. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of bill-pay and other third-party intellectual property included in our solutions, the amortization of deferred solution and services costs, co-location facility costs and depreciation of our data center assets, debit card related pass-through fees, cloud-based hosting services, an allocation of general overhead costs, the amortization of acquired technology, and referral fees. We allocate general overhead expenses to all departments based on the number of employees in each department, which we consider to be a fair and representative means of allocation.
We capitalize certain personnel costs directly related to the implementation of our solutions to the extent those costs are recoverable from future revenues. We amortize the costs for an implementation once revenue recognition commences, and we amortize those implementation costs to cost of revenues over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology. Other costs not directly recoverable from future revenues are expensed in the period incurred.
We capitalize certain software development costs related to programmers, software engineers and quality control teams working on our software solutions. We have commenced amortization of capitalized costs in which products have reached general release. Capitalized software development costs are computed on an individual product basis and products available for market are amortized to cost of revenues over the products' estimated economic lives.
We intend to continue to increase our investments in our implementation and customer support teams and technology infrastructure to serve our customers and support our growth. Over the long-term, we expect cost of revenues to continue to grow in absolute dollars as we grow our business, but to fluctuate as a percentage of revenues based principally on the level and timing of implementation, support activities debit card related pass-through fees, and other related costs, including during periods where revenues are lower or implementations are delayed due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses. They also include costs related to our acquisitions and the resulting amortization of acquired intangible assets from those acquisitions. Over the long term, we intend to continue to hire new employees and make other investments to support our anticipated growth. As a result, we expect our operating expenses to increase in absolute dollars but to decrease as a percentage of revenues over the long term as we grow our business.
The uncertainties and risks posed by the continuing COVID-19 pandemic were considered while preparing our 2021 budget and hiring plans and though we continue to expect our headcount growth rate to be somewhat lower than the growth rates experienced in 2019 and prior, we continue to expect our 2021 hiring growth rate to exceed that of 2020 based on improved buying environments and cross sale opportunities resulting from the reduced negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also expect to see continued intense competition for technical talent which has the potential to drive increased inflation in the wages we have to pay to hire and retain qualified employees. Additionally, while most of our employees continued to work remotely from home and we have suspended most non-essential business travel and conference participation, we expect that with increased adoption of the COVID-19 vaccine and based on the expectation that cases and/or case severity will correspondingly begin to decline, some of these activities, including costs associated with onsite attendance, have and will continue returning for the remainder of 2021. As a result, we anticipate that we will continue to see a gradual increase in certain costs associated with operating physical locations and facilitating employee travel for the remainder of 2021. Specifically, during the quarter ended June 30, 2021, we began allowing employees generally to return to onsite work on a limited, voluntary basis, subject to health and safety protocols. Effective November 1, 2021, we re-opened all of our U.S. facilities, and have provided each of our U.S. employees with the choice of either continuing to work remotely, working in a hybrid capacity (one or two days per week onsite) or fully returning to onsite attendance, with any onsite attendance subject to health and safety protocols. As we navigate the reopening of our onsite facilities, we believe employee preferences between remote, hybrid and onsite attendance are likely to change over time, and we will continue to adapt our physical facilities and IT infrastructure to accommodate a safe and successful work experience for our onsite, hybrid and remote employees.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including commissions, employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation. Sales and marketing expenses also include expenses related to advertising, lead generation, promotional event programs, corporate communications, travel and allocated overhead.
Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenues will change in any given period based on several factors including the addition of newly hired sales professionals, the number and timing of newly-installed customers and the amount of sales commissions expense amortized related to those customers, including during periods where revenues are lower or implementations are delayed due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Commissions are generally capitalized and then amortized over the expected period of customer benefit.
Research and Development
We believe that continuing to improve and enhance our solutions is essential to maintaining our reputation for innovation and growing our customer base and revenues. Research and development expenses include salaries and personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, third-party contractor expenses, software development costs, allocated overhead and other related expenses incurred in developing new solutions and enhancing existing solutions.
Certain research and development costs that are related to our software development, which include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits and bonuses attributed to programmers, software engineers and quality control teams working on our software solutions, are capitalized and are included in intangible assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, of our administrative, finance and accounting, information systems, legal and human resources employees. General and administrative expenses also include consulting and professional fees, insurance and travel. We expect to continue to incur incremental expenses associated with the growth of our business and to meet increased compliance requirements associated with operating as a regulated, public company. These expenses include costs to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other regulations governing public companies, increased costs of directors' and officers' liability insurance and investor relations activities.
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Acquisition Related Costs
Acquisition related costs include compensation expenses related to milestone provisions and retention agreements with certain former shareholders and employees of acquired businesses, which are recognized as earned, changes in fair value of the contingent consideration related to potential acquisition earnout payments and various legal and professional service expenses incurred in connection with the acquisitions, which are recognized when incurred.
Amortization of Acquired Intangibles
Amortization of acquired intangibles represents the amortization of intangibles recorded in connection with our business acquisitions which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets.
Partnership Termination Charges
Partnership termination charges represent the fees paid related to termination of a strategic partnership during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. These charges are non-recurring in nature and would not otherwise have been incurred by us in the normal course of our organic business operations.
Unoccupied Lease Charges
Unoccupied lease charges include costs related to the early vacating of certain facilities, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from the associated facilities.
Total Other Income (Expense), Net
Total other income (expense), net, consists primarily of interest income and expense, loss on disposal of long-lived assets, and loss on extinguishment of debt. We earn interest income on our cash, cash equivalents and investments. Interest expense consists primarily of the interest from the amortization of debt discount, issuance costs, and coupon interest attributable to our convertible notes issued in February 2018, or 2023 Notes, our convertible notes issued in June 2019, or 2026 Notes, and our convertible notes issued in November 2020, or 2025 Notes, as well as fees and interest associated with the letter of credit issued to our landlord for the security deposit for our corporate headquarters.
Benefit from (Provision for) Income Taxes
As a result of our current net operating loss position, current income tax expenses and benefits consist primarily of state income taxes, deferred income tax expenses relating to the tax amortization of recently acquired goodwill and income tax expense from foreign operations.
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Results of Operations
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss data for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Revenues(1) |  | $ | 126,736 |  |  | $ | 103,804 |  |  | $ | 366,829 |  |  | $ | 293,765 |
Cost of revenues(2)(3) |  | 69,726 |  |  | 57,366 |  |  | 201,278 |  |  | 163,676 |
Gross profit |  | 57,010 |  |  | 46,438 |  |  | 165,551 |  |  | 130,089 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing(3) |  | 22,664 |  |  | 18,403 |  |  | 63,067 |  |  | 54,597 |
Research and development(3) |  | 30,763 |  |  | 23,568 |  |  | 86,987 |  |  | 72,168 |
General and administrative(3) |  | 20,352 |  |  | 17,563 |  |  | 57,890 |  |  | 53,876 |
Acquisition related costs(4) |  | 476 |  |  | 818 |  |  | 2,514 |  |  | (22) |
Amortization of acquired intangibles |  | 4,483 |  |  | 4,465 |  |  | 13,465 |  |  | 13,447 |
Partnership termination charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,244 |
Unoccupied lease charges(5) |  | 1,244 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 2,056 |  |  | 2,136 |
Total operating expenses |  | 79,982 |  |  | 66,285 |  |  | 225,979 |  |  | 209,446 |
Loss from operations |  | (22,972) |  |  | (19,847) |  |  | (60,428) |  |  | (79,357) |
Total other income (expense), net |  | (8,015) |  |  | (6,757) |  |  | (26,028) |  |  | (19,821) |
Loss before income taxes |  | (30,987) |  |  | (26,604) |  |  | (86,456) |  |  | (99,178) |
Provision for income taxes |  | (596) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (909) |  |  | (621) |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,583) |  |  | $ | (26,720) |  |  | $ | (87,365) |  |  | $ | (99,799) |

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting of $0.6 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1.7 million and $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2) Includes amortization of acquired technology of $5.6 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $16.4 million and $16.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cost of revenues |  | $ | 2,728 |  |  | $ | 2,110 |  |  | $ | 8,026 |  |  | $ | 7,422 |
Sales and marketing |  | 2,885 |  |  | 2,209 |  |  | 8,352 |  |  | 6,353 |
Research and development |  | 3,388 |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | 10,039 |  |  | 9,780 |
General and administrative |  | 5,068 |  |  | 4,376 |  |  | 14,374 |  |  | 13,360 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 14,069 |  |  | $ | 11,596 |  |  | $ | 40,791 |  |  | $ | 36,915 |

(4) The nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes a $2.9 million reduction to estimated contingent consideration as a result of the actual contingent consideration calculated as of the final measurement date of March 31, 2020.
(5) Unoccupied lease charges include costs related to the early vacating of various facilities, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from these facilities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the charges related to an updated assessment and vacating of facilities in Georgia, Texas, North Carolina and Nebraska, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the charges related to the vacating of facilities in California, North Carolina, and Texas.
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The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss data as a percentage of revenues for each of the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Revenues(1) |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of revenues(2)(3) |  | 55.0 |  |  | 55.3 |  |  | 54.9 |  |  | 55.7 |
Gross profit |  | 45.0 |  |  | 44.7 |  |  | 45.1 |  |  | 44.3 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing(3) |  | 17.9 |  |  | 17.7 |  |  | 17.2 |  |  | 18.6 |
Research and development(3) |  | 24.3 |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 23.7 |  |  | 24.6 |
General and administrative(3) |  | 16.1 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 15.8 |  |  | 18.3 |
Acquisition related costs(4) |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |
Amortization of acquired intangibles |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 4.6 |
Partnership termination charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.5 |
Unoccupied lease charges(5) |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.7 |
Total operating expenses |  | 63.1 |  |  | 63.9 |  |  | 61.6 |  |  | 71.3 |
Loss from operations |  | (18.1) |  |  | (19.1) |  |  | (16.5) |  |  | (27.0) |
Total other income (expense), net |  | (6.3) |  |  | (6.5) |  |  | (7.1) |  |  | (6.7) |
Loss before income taxes |  | (24.5) |  |  | (25.6) |  |  | (23.6) |  |  | (33.8) |
Provision for income taxes |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.2) |
Net loss |  | (24.9) | % |  | (25.7) | % |  | (23.8) | % |  | (34.0) | %

______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes deferred revenue reduction from purchase accounting of 0.4% and 0.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 0.5% and 1.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2) Includes amortization of acquired technology of 4.4% and 5.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 4.5% and 5.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cost of revenues |  | 2.2 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 2.5 | %
Sales and marketing |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.2 |
Research and development |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 3.3 |
General and administrative |  | 4.0 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 4.5 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | 11.1 | % |  | 11.2 | % |  | 11.1 | % |  | 12.6 | %

(4) The nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes a 1.0% reduction to estimated contingent consideration as a result of the actual contingent consideration calculated as of the final measurement date of March 31, 2020.
(5) Unoccupied lease charges include costs related to the early vacating of various facilities, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from these facilities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the charges related to an updated assessment and vacating of facilities in Georgia, Texas, North Carolina and Nebraska, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the charges related to the vacating of facilities in California, North Carolina, and Texas.
Due to rounding, totals may not equal the sum of the line items in the tables above.
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Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Revenues
The following table presents our revenues for each of the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Revenues |  | $ | 126,736 |  |  | $ | 103,804 |  |  | $ | 22,932 |  |  | 22.1 | % |  | $ | 366,829 |  |  | $ | 293,765 |  |  | $ | 73,064 |  |  | 24.9 | %

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Revenues increased by $22.9 million, or 22.1%, from $103.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $126.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase in revenue was primarily attributable to a $20.0 million increase from the sale of additional solutions to new and existing customers and growth in Registered Users from new and existing customers. In addition, $2.9 million of the increase was generated from an increase in the number of transactions processed using our solutions.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Revenues increased by $73.1 million, or 24.9%, from $293.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $366.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase in revenue was primarily attributable to a $62.9 million increase from the sale of additional solutions to new and existing customers and growth in Registered Users from new and existing customers. In addition, $10.1 million of the increase was generated from an increase in the number of transactions processed using our solutions.
Cost of Revenues
The following table presents our cost of revenues for each of the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Cost of revenues |  | $ | 69,726 |  |  | $ | 57,366 |  |  | $ | 12,360 |  |  | 21.5 | % |  | $ | 201,278 |  |  | $ | 163,676 |  |  | $ | 37,602 |  |  | 23.0 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 55.0 | % |  | 55.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 54.9 | % |  | 55.7 | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Cost of revenues increased by $12.4 million, or 21.5%, from $57.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $69.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was attributable to a $5.6 million increase in personnel costs due to an increase in the number of personnel who provide implementation and customer support and maintain our data centers and other technical infrastructure, a $3.2 million increase in co-location facility costs and depreciation for our data center assets resulting from the increased infrastructure necessary to support our growing customer base, a $3.1 million increase in third-party costs related to intellectual property included in our solutions, transaction processing costs incurred as a result of the increase in Registered Users from new and existing customers, a higher mix of debit card related pass-through fees, as well as implementation and support personnel expenses that are reimbursable from our customers, and a $0.3 million increase from amortization of acquired customer technology resulting from the business acquired in the second quarter of 2021.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Cost of revenues increased by $37.6 million, or 23.0%, from $163.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $201.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was attributable to a $17.7 million increase in personnel costs due to an increase in the number of personnel who provide implementation and customer support and maintain our data centers and other technical infrastructure, an $11.7 million increase in co-location facility costs and depreciation for our data center assets resulting from the increased infrastructure necessary to support our growing customer base, a $7.2 million increase in third-party costs related to intellectual property included in our solutions, transaction processing costs incurred as a result of the increase in Registered Users from new and existing customers, a higher mix of debit card related pass-through fees, as well as implementation and support personnel expenses that are reimbursable from our customers, a $0.6 million increase from amortization of capitalized implementation services as a result of customer go lives during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and a $0.3 million increase from amortization of acquired customer technology resulting from the business acquired in the second quarter of 2021.
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We defer certain personnel and other costs directly related to the implementation of our solutions to the extent those costs are recoverable from future revenues. However, a substantial portion of our implementation costs are not eligible for deferral and, as a result, are expensed in the period incurred. Costs related to implementations that have been deferred are amortized over the expected period of customer benefit. Additionally, we invest in personnel, business processes and systems infrastructure to standardize our business processes and drive future efficiency in our implementations, customer support and data center operations. We expect these investments will increase cost of revenues in absolute dollars as we continue to make investments in capacity, process improvement and systems infrastructure, and we expect such expenses to decline as a percentage of revenue as our operations continue to scale and revenues grow.
Operating Expenses
The following tables present our operating expenses for each of the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
Sales and Marketing

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 22,664 |  |  | $ | 18,403 |  |  | $ | 4,261 |  |  | 23.2 | % |  | $ | 63,067 |  |  | $ | 54,597 |  |  | $ | 8,470 |  |  | 15.5 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 17.9 | % |  | 17.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 17.2 | % |  | 18.6 | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $4.3 million, or 23.2%, from $18.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $22.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to a $3.0 million increase in personnel costs due to the growth of our sales and marketing organizations to support bookings and revenue growth, a $0.6 million increase in other discretionary expenses, including stadium sponsorship expenses, a $0.3 million increase in overhead costs, and a $0.2 million increase in travel-related expenses.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $8.5 million, or 15.5%, from $54.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $63.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to a $7.7 million increase in personnel costs due to the growth of our sales and marketing organizations to support bookings and revenue growth, a $1.0 million increase in other discretionary expenses, including stadium sponsorship expenses, and a $0.3 million increase in overhead costs. These increases were partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in travel-related expenses due to travel that did not occur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We anticipate that sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars in the future as we add personnel to support our revenue growth and as we increase marketing spend to attract new customers, retain and grow existing customers and build brand awareness. While we anticipate sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue may fluctuate on a quarter-over-quarter basis, we expect such expenses to decline as a percentage of our revenues over the longer-term as our revenues grow.
Research and Development

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Research and development |  | $ | 30,763 |  |  | $ | 23,568 |  |  | $ | 7,195 |  |  | 30.5 | % |  | $ | 86,987 |  |  | $ | 72,168 |  |  | $ | 14,819 |  |  | 20.5 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 24.3 | % |  | 22.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 23.7 | % |  | 24.6 | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Research and development expenses increased by $7.2 million, or 30.5%, from $23.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $30.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to a $6.1 million increase in personnel costs as a result of the growth in our research and development organization to support continued enhancements to our solutions, a $1.2 million increase in facilities and other overhead costs, and a $0.2 million increase in other discretionary expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease as a result of increased capitalized software development costs.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Research and development expenses increased by $14.8 million, or 20.5%, from $72.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $87.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to a $12.7 million increase in personnel costs as a result of the growth in our research and development organization to support continued enhancements to our solutions, a $2.8 million increase in facilities and other overhead costs, and a $0.3 million increase in other discretionary expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $1.3 million decrease as a result of increased capitalized software development costs.
We anticipate that research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars in the future as we continue to support and expand our platform and enhance our existing solutions, as we believe existing customers will have an increased focus on maintaining and improving their digital banking offerings, including functionality such as digital account opening and online lending.
General and Administrative

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
General and administrative |  | $ | 20,352 |  |  | $ | 17,563 |  |  | $ | 2,789 |  |  | 15.9 | % |  | $ | 57,890 |  |  | $ | 53,876 |  |  | $ | 4,014 |  |  | 7.5 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 16.1 | % |  | 16.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 15.8 | % |  | 18.3 | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. General and administrative expenses increased by $2.8 million, or 15.9%, from $17.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $20.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to a $2.7 million increase in personnel costs to support the growth of our business and a $0.7 million increase in professional services for legal and compliance fees, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in remote working experience expenses.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. General and administrative expenses increased by $4.0 million, or 7.5%, from $53.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to $57.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to a $6.2 million increase in personnel costs to support the growth of our business and a $0.2 million increase in professional services for legal and compliance fees. These increases were partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in bad debt expense due to additional credit losses from the adoption of ASU 2016-13 in 2020, $0.8 million decrease in discretionary spending and travel-related expenses, a $0.5 million decrease for price concessions given to customers in 2020, and a $0.2 million decrease in overhead costs.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs of our administrative, finance and accounting, information systems, legal and human resources employees. General and administrative expenses also include costs to comply with regulations governing public companies, costs of directors' and officers' liability insurance, investor relations activities and costs to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or SOX. Over the long term, we anticipate that general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to incur both increased external audit fees as well as additional spending to ensure continued regulatory and SOX compliance. We expect such expenses to decline as a percentage of our revenues over the longer term as our revenues grow.
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Acquisition Related Costs

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Acquisition related costs |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | (342) |  |  | (41.8) | % |  | $ | 2,514 |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  | $ | 2,536 |  |  | 11,527.3 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 0.4 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | — | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Acquisition related costs decreased by $0.3 million, or 41.8%, from $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Acquisition related costs for both periods primarily include compensation expense related to the retention bonuses for employees of previous acquisitions.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Acquisition related costs increased by $2.5 million, or 11,527.3%, from a net positive adjustment of $0.02 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to an expense of $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Acquisition related costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included $1.4 million of compensation expense related to the retention bonuses for employees of previous acquisitions and $1.1 million of legal, professional services and other costs related to our acquisition of ClickSWITCH on April 1, 2021. The net positive adjustment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included a $2.9 million negative adjustment to the value of the contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Cloud Lending based on actual achievement, partially offset by $2.6 million of compensation expense related to the retention bonuses for employees of previous acquisitions and $0.3 million of additional legal, professional services and other costs.
Amortization of Acquired Intangibles

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Amortization of acquired intangibles |  | $ | 4,483 |  |  | $ | 4,465 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | $ | 13,465 |  |  | $ | 13,447 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 3.5 | % |  | 4.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Amortization of acquired intangibles remained relatively unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2020 to the three months ended September 30, 2021. Increases due to amortization of intangible assets acquired during the acquisition of ClickSWITCH on April 1, 2021 were mostly offset by decreases in amortization of intangible assets that became fully amortized. These amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Amortization of acquired intangibles remained relatively unchanged from the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Increases due to amortization of intangible assets acquired during the acquisition of ClickSWITCH on April 1, 2021 were mostly offset by decreases in amortization of intangible assets that became fully amortized. These amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets.
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Unoccupied Lease Charges

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Unoccupied lease charges |  | $ | 1,244 |  |  | $ | 1,468 |  |  | $ | (224) |  |  | (15.3) | % |  | $ | 2,056 |  |  | $ | 2,136 |  |  | $ | (80) |  |  | (3.7) | %
Percentage of revenues |  | 1.0 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Unoccupied lease charges decreased by $0.2 million, or (15.3)%, from $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the charges included costs related to an updated assessment and vacating of facilities in North Carolina, Georgia and Nebraska, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from these facilities. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the charges included costs related to the early vacating of facilities in North Carolina and Texas, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from these facilities.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Unoccupied lease charges decreased by $0.1 million, or (3.7)%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the charges included costs related to an updated assessment and vacating of facilities in North Carolina, Georgia, Texas and Nebraska, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from these facilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the charges included costs related to the early vacating of facilities in California, North Carolina, and Texas, partially offset by anticipated sublease income from these facilities.
Total Other Income (Expense), Net

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Total other income (expense), net |  | $ | (8,015) |  |  | $ | (6,757) |  |  | $ | (1,258) |  |  | (18.6) | % |  | $ | (26,028) |  |  | $ | (19,821) |  |  | $ | (6,207) |  |  | (31.3) | %
Percentage of revenues |  | (6.3) | % |  | (6.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  | (7.1) | % |  | (6.7) | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Total other income (expense), net represented a net expense of $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a net expense of $6.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The change was primarily attributable to a $1.2 million increase in interest expense from the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs attributable to our convertible notes.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Total other income (expense), net represented a net expense of $26.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a net expense of $19.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change was primarily attributable to a $4.1 million increase in interest expense from the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs attributable to our convertible notes, a $1.5 million loss from the early extinguishment of a portion of our 2023 Notes, and a $0.4 million loss on disposal of long-lived assets.
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Benefit from (provision for) income taxes

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | (%)
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | (596) |  |  | $ | (116) |  |  | $ | (480) |  |  | 413.8 | % |  | $ | (909) |  |  | $ | (621) |  |  | $ | (288) |  |  | 46.4 | %
Percentage of revenues |  | (0.5) | % |  | (0.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  | (0.2) | % |  | (0.2) | % |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020. Total provision for income taxes represented an expense of $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to an expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. As a result of our current net operating loss position, income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 consisted primarily of federal income taxes of $0.2 million relating to the tax amortization of recently acquired goodwill, and $0.4 million in foreign and state income tax expense. The income tax expense for three months ended September 30, 2020 consisted primarily of federal income taxes of $0.2 million relating to tax amortization of goodwill, $0.1 million in income tax expense from foreign operations, partially offset by $0.2 million in income tax benefit relating to unrecognized tax benefits.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Total provision for income taxes represented an expense of $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to an expense of $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As a result of our current net operating loss position, current income tax expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 consist primarily of federal income taxes of $0.6 million relating to the tax amortization of recently acquired goodwill, and $0.7 million in income tax expense from foreign operations, partially offset by $0.3 million in state income tax benefit and $0.1 million in income tax benefit for the acquisition of ClickSWITCH. The income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 consisted primarily of federal income taxes of $0.9 million relating to tax amortization of goodwill, $0.2 million income tax expense from foreign operations, and $0.1 million in state income tax expense, partially offset by $0.6 million in income tax benefits, which consist primarily of $0.4 million relating to foreign tax reserves and $0.2 million relating to unrecognized tax benefits.
Seasonality and Quarterly Results
Our overall operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of a variety of factors, including the timing of investments to grow our business. The timing of our implementation activities and corresponding revenues from new customers are subject to fluctuations based on the timing of our sales. Historically, sales have tended to be lower in the first quarter of each year than in subsequent quarters but any resulting impact on our results of operation has been difficult to measure due to the timing of our implementations and overall growth in our business. The timing of our implementations also varies period-to-period based on our implementation capacity, the number of solutions purchased by our customers, the size and unique needs of our customers and the readiness of our customers to implement our solutions.
Given the uncertainty that still surrounds the COVID-19 pandemic, during 2021 we have experienced and we expect to continue experiencing sales performance across all our solutions that is slower than what we believe it otherwise would have been for the year ending December 31, 2021. However, during the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we observed an improved sales environment relative to the first half of 2021, and we believe that for the remainder of fiscal 2021 we will continue to see improvements in the predictability of purchasing decisions and implementations by customers as compared to fiscal 2020, although at this time we are unable to predict the full extent of such improvement. However, the duration and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be highly unpredictable and may continue to disrupt any seasonality trends that may otherwise typically be inherent in our historical operating results.
Our solutions are often the most frequent point of engagement between our customers and their End Users. As a result, we and our customers are very deliberate and measured in our implementation activities to help ensure a successful roll-out of the solutions to End Users and increase the registration of new End Users. Unusually long or short implementations, for even a small number of customers, may result in short-term quarterly variability in our results of operations.
Our quarterly results of operations may vary significantly in the future and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future results.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
We have financed our operations primarily through the proceeds from the issuance of common stock in our initial public offering in March 2014, additional registered common stock offerings, including our June 2019 and May 2020 common stock offerings, our February 2018 convertible note offering, our June 2019 convertible note offering, our November 2020 convertible note offering, and cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2021, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents and investments of $394.6 million. Based upon our current levels of operations, and our current expectations regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and financial performance, we believe that our cash flow from operations along with our other sources of liquidity are adequate to meet our cash requirements for the next twelve months. However, if we determine the need for additional short-term liquidity, there is no assurance that such financing, if pursued, would be adequate or available on terms acceptable to us.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (8,386) |  |  | $ | (21,979) |
Investing activities |  | (53,826) |  |  | (15,939) |
Financing activities |  | (51,230) |  |  | 303,027 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | $ | (113,442) |  |  | $ | 265,109 |

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities is primarily influenced by net loss less non-cash items, the amount and timing of customer receipts and vendor payments, and by the amount of cash we invest in personnel and infrastructure to support the anticipated growth of our business and increase in the number of installed customers.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities was $8.4 million, which consisted of a net loss of $87.4 million and cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $46.6 million, offset by non-cash adjustments of $125.6 million. Cash outflows were the result of a $19.9 million increase in deferred solution and implementation costs due to our increased customer growth and new and existing customers undergoing implementations during the period, a $16.7 million increase in accounts receivable primarily due to the timing of annual billings at the end of the current quarter, a $10.0 million increase in prepaid and other current assets related to timing of various prepaid expenses, most notably a payroll date occurring at the very end of the quarter, a $7.5 million decrease in other long-term liabilities primarily related to termination fees of a strategic partnership, a $4.2 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities due to timing of payments in support of our expanding customer base and related growth in our technical infrastructure and payment of annual bonuses during the first quarter, and a $3.2 million increase in contract assets. Cash outflows were partially offset by cash inflows resulting from a $8.6 million increase in deferred revenue due to the timing of annual billings and deposits received from customers prior to the recognition of revenue from those related payments and a $6.3 million decrease in other long-term assets primarily from amortization of our right-of-use assets. Non-cash items consisted primarily of $41.8 million of stock-based compensation expense, $40.6 million of depreciation and amortization expense due to growth in our fixed assets and acquired intangible assets, $20.9 million in amortization of the 2023 Notes, 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes discount and related debt issuance costs, $17.4 million of amortization of deferred implementation and deferred solution and other costs, $2.1 million of unoccupied lease charges, $1.5 million related to the early extinguishment of a portion of the 2023 Notes, and $1.3 million of other non-cash items.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities was $22.0 million, which consisted of a net loss of $99.8 million and cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $32.9 million, partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $110.8 million. Cash outflows were the result of a $28.5 million increase in deferred solution and implementation costs due to our increased customer growth and new and existing customers undergoing implementations during the period, a $20.3 million increase in accounts receivable due to the timing of annual billings at the end of the current quarter, a $5.4 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities due to timing of payments in support of our expanding customer base and related growth in our technical infrastructure and payment of annual bonuses during the first quarter, a $4.2 million increase in contract assets, and a $2.6 million increase in prepaid and other current assets related to timing of various prepaid expenses. Cash outflows were partially offset by cash inflows resulting from
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a $19.1 million increase in deferred revenue due to increased payments and deposits received from customers prior to the recognition of revenue from those related payments, a $5.6 million increase in other long-term liabilities, and a $3.4 million decrease in other long-term assets primarily from amortization of our right-of-use assets. Non-cash items consisted primarily of $39.0 million of depreciation and amortization expense due to growth in our fixed assets and acquired intangible assets, $38.1 million of stock-based compensation expense, $16.8 million in amortization of the 2023 Notes and 2026 Notes discounts and related debt issuance costs, $13.9 million of amortization of deferred implementation and deferred solution and other costs, $2.1 million of unoccupied lease charges and $0.8 million of other non-cash items.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Our investing activities have consisted primarily of purchases and maturities of investments, our recent acquisition, purchases of property and equipment to support our growth and costs incurred for the development of capitalized software. Purchases of property and equipment may vary period-to-period due to the timing of the expansion of our operations, data center and other technical infrastructure.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our net cash used in investing activities was $53.8 million, consisting of $88.9 million from purchases of investments, $64.7 million for the acquisition of ClickSWITCH, net of cash acquired, $16.1 million for the purchase of property and equipment and $3.9 million from capitalized software development costs, partially offset by $119.7 million from maturities of investments.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net cash used in investing activities was $15.9 million, consisting of $23.6 million from purchases of investments, $16.5 million for the purchase of property and equipment and $0.7 million from capitalized software development costs, partially offset by $24.9 million from maturities of investments.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Our recent financing activities have consisted primarily of our May 2020 common stock offering, our partial repurchase of the 2023 Notes, the payment of contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Cloud Lending, and net proceeds from exercises of options to purchase our common stock.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our net cash used in financing activities was $51.2 million, consisting of $63.7 million for the partial repurchase of the 2023 Notes, partially offset by $6.6 million of net proceeds received in connection with the early termination of bond hedges and warrants related to the 2023 Notes and $5.8 million of cash received from the exercise of stock options.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net cash provided by financing activities of $303.0 million was primarily due to the proceeds from the issuance of common stock of $311.3 million, net of issuance costs, from the May 2020 common stock offering and $8.6 million of cash received from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by the payment of contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Cloud Lending, of which $16.9 million of the payment was estimated at acquisition date fair value and included in financing activities.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and subsequent to September 30, 2021, except as noted below, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments disclosures as set forth under the caption, "Contractual Obligations and Commitments" in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, our total lease payment obligations were $75.5 million, of which $63.7 million was included in lease liabilities, net of current portion in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments at September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | Payment due by period
|  | Less Than 1 Year |  | 1 to 3 Years |  | 3 to 5 Years |  | More Than 5 Years |  | Total
Convertible Notes, including interest |  | $ | 2,891 |  |  | $ | 16,569 |  |  | $ | 671,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 691,110 |
Operating lease obligations |  | 12,183 |  |  | 23,627 |  |  | 19,949 |  |  | 19,768 |  |  | 75,527 |
Purchase commitments |  | 28,843 |  |  | 26,825 |  |  | 7,000 |  |  | 7,000 |  |  | 69,668 |
|  | $ | 43,917 |  |  | $ | 67,021 |  |  | $ | 698,599 |  |  | $ | 26,768 |  |  | $ | 836,305 |

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2021, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K, such as the use of unconsolidated subsidiaries, structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)" which simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by eliminating the requirement to separate embedded conversion features from the host contract when the conversion features are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. In addition, the guidance eliminates the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments and requires the use of the if-converted method. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We will adopt this new guidance for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of adoption recognized at the date of initial application through an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. We expect the adoption of this guidance will result in a material reclassification from equity to debt as well as a reduction in non-cash interest expense.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)" which clarifies and reduces diversity in the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The ASU provides a principles-based framework to determine whether an issuer should recognize the modification or exchange as an adjustment to equity or an expense. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Under this standard, issuers should apply the new standard prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date of the new standard. We are currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and will adopt for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2022.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent liabilities in our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The SEC has defined a company's critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of the company's financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, we have identified the following critical accounting policies and estimates:
•Revenue recognition;
•Contract balances;
•Accounts receivable;
•Deferred revenues;
•Deferred implementation costs;
•Deferred solution and other costs;
•Stock-based compensation;
•Convertible senior notes;
•Purchase price allocation, intangible assets and goodwill;
•Capitalization of software development costs;
•Leases;
•Contingent consideration; and
•Income taxes.
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We have other key accounting policies which involve the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Of those policies, we believe that the accounting policies enumerated above involve the greatest degree of complexity and exercise of judgment by our management.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies or estimates which were included in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2021.
We evaluate our estimates, judgments and assumptions on an ongoing basis, and while we believe that our estimates, judgments and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market risk is the risk of loss to future earnings, values or future cash flows that may result from changes in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument might change as a result of changes in interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative, hedging or trading purposes, although in the future we might enter into exchange rate hedging arrangements to manage the risks described below.
Interest Rate Risk
We have cash and cash equivalents held primarily in cash and money market funds. In addition, we have marketable securities which typically include U.S. government securities, corporate bonds and commercial paper and certificates of deposit. Cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes. Marketable securities are held and invested with capital preservation as the primary objective. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. Any declines in interest rates will reduce future interest income. As of September 30, 2021, we had an outstanding principal amount of $327.2 million of 2023 Notes and 2026 Notes, which each have a fixed annual interest rate of 0.75% and an outstanding principal amount of $350.0 million of 2025 Notes with a fixed annual interest rate of 0.125%. If overall interest rates fell by 10% in 2021 or 2020, our interest income would not have been materially affected.
Foreign Currency Risk
During 2018, we commenced international operations. As a result, our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As of September 30, 2021, our most significant currency exposures were the Indian rupee, British pound and Australian dollar. As of September 30, 2021, we had operating subsidiaries in India, the United Kingdom and Australia. Due to the relatively low volume of payments made by us through these foreign subsidiaries, we do not believe we have significant exposure to foreign currency exchange risks. However, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could harm our results of operations in the future.
We currently do not use derivative financial instruments to mitigate foreign currency exchange risks. We will continue to review this matter and may consider hedging certain foreign exchange risks in future years.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We continue to monitor the impact of inflation in order to reduce its effects through pricing strategies, productivity improvements and cost reductions. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to a company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2021, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three-month period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which were identified in connection with management's evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Management believes that there are no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Reference is made to the factors set forth under the caption "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which are incorporated herein by reference. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
(b) Use of Proceeds
None.
(c) Repurchases
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
None.
Item 6. Exhibits.
The information required by this Item is set forth on the exhibit index that precedes the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Document
3.1 | * | Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 12, 2019).
3.2 | * | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 12, 2019).
10.1 | * | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated September 23, 2021, by and among the Registrant and Matthew P. Flake (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2021)
10.2 | * | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated September 24, 2021, by and among the Registrant and David J. Mehok (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2021)
10.3 | * | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated September 23, 2021, by and among the Registrant and Adam D. Blue (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2021)
10.4 | * | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated September 23, 2021, by and among the Registrant and William M. Furrer (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2021)
10.5 | * | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated September 23, 2021, by and among the Registrant and John E. Breeden (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2021)
31.1 | ** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule, 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | ** | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule, 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | # | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Executive Officer.
32.2 | # | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS | ** | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH | ** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL | ** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF | ** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB | ** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE | ** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 | ** | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Incorporated herein by reference to the indicated filing.
** Filed herewith.
# Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Q2 HOLDINGS, INC.
November 4, 2021 |  | By: |  | /s/ MATTHEW P. FLAKE Matthew P. Flake President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
November 4, 2021 |  | By: |  | /s/ DAVID J. MEHOK David J. Mehok Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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