EnPro Industries, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “EnPro,” or the “Company”) is a leader in designing, developing, manufacturing, servicing, and marketing proprietary engineered industrial products and serves a wide variety of customers in varied industries around the world. Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic initiatives to change the portfolio of businesses that we operate to focus on materials science-based businesses with leading technologies, compelling margins, strong cash flow, and high levels of recurring revenue that serve markets with favorable secular tailwinds. These initiatives have increased our ability to provide solutions to the semiconductor, life sciences, and other technology industries.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures regarding contingent assets and liabilities at period end and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

During March 2021, we identified two errors related to our accounting for the disposal of the Air Springs portion of the heavy-duty trucking business that closed in the fourth quarter of 2020. Such errors resulted in an understatement of the pre-tax loss on disposal for this disposition by approximately $2.0 million and an overstatement of net income by approximately $1.5 million in our previously issued consolidated financial statements for calendar 2020. Net income for calendar 2020 was $184.8 million. We evaluated the errors and concluded that they were not material to our previously issued consolidated financial statements and recorded the pre-tax loss on disposal as an out-of-period adjustment in other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the first quarter of 2021.

Beginning with the first quarter of 2021, we modified the presentation of our Consolidated Statements of Operations to move income from discontinued operations directly following income from continuing operations before calculating a net income subtotal. Consistent with this change in presentation, we also began the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows with net income rather than net income attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc. We have revised the prior period presented for these two financial statements to conform with this modified presentation. There is no impact to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of this presentation change.

Revenue Recognition – The largest stream of revenue is product revenue for shipments of the various products discussed further in Note 18, "Business Segment Information," along with a smaller amount of revenue from services that typically take place over a short period of time. We recognize revenue at a point in time following the transfer of control, which typically occurs when a product is shipped or delivered, depending on the terms of the sale agreement, or when services are rendered. Shipping costs billed to customers are recognized as revenue and expensed in cost of goods sold as a fulfillment cost when control of the product transfers to the customer. Payment from customers is typically due within 30 days of the sale for sales in the U.S. For sales outside of the U.S., payment terms may be longer based upon local business customs, but are typically due no later than 90 days after the sale.

At December 31, 2021, we had a backlog of orders of continuing operations valued at $365.8 million compared with $212.5 million at December 31, 2020. Approximately 4% of the backlog is expected to be filled beyond 2022. Backlog represents orders on hand we believe to be firm. However, there is no certainty the backlog orders will result in actual sales at the times or in the amounts ordered. In addition, for most of our business, backlog is not particularly predictive of future performance because of our short lead times and some seasonality.

Foreign Currency Translation – The financial statements of those operations whose functional currency is a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the current rate method. Under this method, all assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates, and income statement activities are translated using average exchange rates. The foreign currency translation adjustment is included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in operating income. Foreign currency transaction losses totaled $1.8 million, $2.9 million, and $3.0 million, respectively, in 2021 and 2020, and 2019.

Research and Development Expense – Costs related to research and development activities are expensed as incurred. We perform research and development primarily under Company-funded programs for commercial products. Research and development expenditures in 2021, 2020, and 2019 were $16.7 million, $15.2 million, and $20.6 million, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Income Taxes – We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Temporary differences arising between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are used to calculate future income tax assets or liabilities. This method also requires the recognition of deferred tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded as appropriate to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount considered likely to be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income (losses) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment of the change. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if we believe it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on its technical merits. If the recognition threshold for the tax position is met, only the portion of the tax benefit that we believe is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized is recorded. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, statute expirations, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements, changes in tax laws, changes in projected levels of taxable income, future tax planning strategies, or other relevant events.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") provides for a territorial tax system, that includes the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provision beginning in 2018. The GILTI provisions require us to include in our U.S. income tax return certain current year foreign subsidiary earnings net of foreign tax credits, subject to limitation. We elected to account for the GILTI tax in the period in which it is incurred.

Receivables – Accounts receivable are stated at the historical carrying amount net of write-offs and allowance for doubtful accounts. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based on historical experience and any specific customer collection issues we have identified. Doubtful accounts receivable are written off when a settlement is reached for an amount less than the outstanding historical balance or when we have determined the balance will not be collected.

Inventories – Certain domestic inventories are valued by the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost method. Inventories not valued by the LIFO method are valued using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost method, and are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Approximately 23% and 19% of inventories were valued by the LIFO method in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to annual impairment testing that has historically been conducted each year as of October 1. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we changed the date of our annual assessment of goodwill to November 1 for all reporting units. The change in testing date for goodwill is a change in accounting principle, which we believe is preferable as the new date of the assessment better aligns with our internal budgeting process and will create a more efficient and timely process surrounding the impairment tests. The change in the assessment date did not delay, accelerate or avoid a potential impairment charge. We have determined that it is impracticable to objectively determine projected cash flows and related valuation estimates that would have been used as of each November 1 of prior reporting periods without the use of hindsight. As such, we prospectively applied the change in annual goodwill impairment testing date from November 1, 2021.

The goodwill asset impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. We would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Interim tests may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

To estimate the fair value of our reporting units, we use both a discounted cash flow and market valuation approach. The discounted cash flow approach uses cash flow projections to calculate the fair value of each reporting unit while the market approach relies on market multiples of similar companies. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include projected revenues and profit margins, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, discount rates and tax rates. For the market approach, we choose a group of peer companies we believe is best representative of each reporting unit. We used a 75% weighting for the discounted cash flow valuation approach and a 25% weighting for the market valuation approach, reflecting our belief that the discounted cash flow valuation approach provides a better indicator of a reporting unit's value since it reflects the specific cash flows anticipated to be generated in the future by the business.

We completed our required annual impairment tests of goodwill as of October 1, 2020 and 2019 with no impairment indicated. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we performed our testing as of both October 1, 2021 and November 1, 2021. These assessments did not indicate any impairment of the goodwill, and the fair values of each of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values by at least 50%, with the exception of our Alluxa reporting unit. We determined our Alluxa reporting unit, allocated $126.0 million of goodwill, was not impaired and its fair value exceeded its carrying value by 28%. The most recent annual assessment was conducted in the context of information that was reasonably available to us, as well as our consideration of the future potential impacts of COVID-19 on our business. However, because of uncertainties at this time with respect to the severity and duration of the COVID-19 outbreak, the duration and terms of related governmental orders restricting activities, and the timing and pace of any economic recovery as COVID-19 impacts ultimately abate, we cannot predict with specificity the extent and duration of any future impact on our business and financial results from COVID-19. In addition, site-specific health and safety concerns might otherwise require certain of our operations to be halted for some period of time. Accordingly, if the impact is more severe or longer in duration than we have projected, such impact could potentially result in impairments of assets in future periods. We will test all reporting units again at our next test date of November 1, 2022, or earlier as circumstances may require.

Other intangible assets are recorded at cost or, when acquired as a part of a business combination, at estimated fair value. These assets include customer relationships, patents and other technology-related assets, trademarks, licenses, and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets that have definite lives are amortized using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed or the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 1 to 21 years. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are subject to at least annual impairment testing, which has historically been conducted each year as of October 1. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we changed the date of our annual assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets to November 1 The impairment testing compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount using the relief from royalty method. The test completed as of November 1, 2021 indicated no impairment. Interim tests may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying value or change the useful life of the asset.

In the third quarter of 2020, sales declines by businesses utilizing two of the indefinite-lived trademarks within our Sealing Technologies segment, primarily related to the Garlock trademark, were determined to be triggering events for an interim impairment analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, we recorded a $16.1 million impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the third quarter of 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2019 we determined our indefinite-lived Motorwheel trade name was impaired at December 31, 2019. We recorded a $7.9 million impairment charge and recorded the trade name at $2.1 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019, which represented the fair-value of the asset. All assets of our Motorwheel business were subsequently divested in 2020.

Debt – Debt issuance costs associated with our senior secured revolving credit facility are presented as an asset and subsequently amortized into interest expense ratably over the term of the revolving debt arrangement. Debt issuance costs associated with any of our other debt instruments that are incremental third-party costs of issuing the debt are recognized as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt and amortized into interest expense over the time period to maturity using the interest method.

Derivative Instruments – We use derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to various risks. The use of these financial instruments modifies the exposure with the intent of reducing our risk. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes, nor do we use leveraged financial instruments. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are major financial institutions. We use multiple financial institutions for derivative contracts to minimize the concentration of credit risk.

The current accounting rules require derivative instruments, excluding certain contracts that are issued and held by a reporting entity that are both indexed to its own stock and classified in shareholders’ equity, be reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and that changes in a derivative’s fair value be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met.

The fair value of intangible assets associated with acquisitions is determined using an income valuation approach. Projecting discounted future cash flows requires us to make significant estimates regarding projected revenues and profit margins, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, discount rates, attrition rates, royalty rates, obsolescence rates and tax rates. This non-recurring fair value measurement would be classified as Level 3 due to the absence of quoted market prices or observable inputs for assets of a similar nature.

We review the carrying amounts of long-lived assets when certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. We estimate the fair values of assets subject to long-lived asset impairment based on our own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets. In doing so, we use a market approach when available or an income approach based upon discounted cash flows. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include expected cash flows based on internal business plans, projected growth rates, discount rates, and royalty rates for certain intangible assets. We classify these fair value measurements as Level 3.

Similarly, the fair value computations for the recurring impairment analyses of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets would be classified as Level 3 due to the absence of quoted market prices or observable inputs. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include projected revenues and profit margins, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, discount rates, tax rates and royalty rates for certain indefinite-lived intangible assets. Significant changes in any of those inputs could result in a significantly different fair value measurement.

Pensions and Postretirement Benefits - Amortization of the net gain or loss resulting from experience different from that assumed and from changes in assumptions is included as a component of benefit cost. If, as of the beginning of the year, that net gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets, the amortization is that excess divided by the average remaining service period of participating employees expected to receive benefits under the plan. We amortize prior service cost using the straight-line basis over the average future service life of active participants.