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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-11261

SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

South Carolina (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | 57-0248420 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1 N. Second St. Hartsville, South Carolina (Address of principal executive offices) |  | 29550 (Zip Code)

Telephone: (843) 383-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
No par value common stock | SON | New York Stock Exchange LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of voting common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant (based on the New York Stock Exchange closing price) on July 2, 2021, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $6,541,267,123.
As of February 18, 2022, there were 97,452,785 shares of no par value common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 20, 2022, which statement shall be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Report relates, are incorporated by reference in Part III.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
Part I |  |
Item 1. | Business | 4
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 9
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 19
Item 2. | Properties | 19
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 19
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 19
Part II |  |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 20
Item 6. | [Reserved] | 21
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 35
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 35
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 36
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 36
Item 9B. | Other Information | 36
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection | 36
Part III |  |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 37
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 37
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 37
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 37
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 37
Part IV |  |
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 38
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 38

SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY
Forward-looking statements
Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historical in nature, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those settlements are based, are intended to be, and are hereby identified as “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the safe harbor provided by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, the Company and its representatives may from time to time make other oral or written statements that are also “forward-looking statements.” Words such as "anticipate," "aspires," "assume," "believe," "can," "committed," "commitment," "consider," "could," "envision," “estimate,” "expect," "forecast," "future," "goal," "guidance," “intend,” "may," "might," "objective," "opportunity," "outlook," “plan,” "potential," "project," "re-envision," “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or the negative thereof, and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
•availability and supply of raw materials, and offsetting high raw material costs, including the potential impact of changes in tariffs;
•potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's business, operations and financial condition;
•consumer and customer actions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic;
•improved productivity and cost containment;
•improving margins and leveraging strong cash flow and financial position;
•effects of acquisitions and divestitures, including the Company's acquisition of Ball Metalpack Holding, LLC ("Ball Metalpack");
•realization of synergies resulting from acquisitions, including the acquisition of Ball Metalpack;
•costs, timing and effects of restructuring activities;
•adequacy and anticipated amounts and uses of cash flows;
•expected amounts of capital spending;
•refinancing and repayment of debt;
•financial and business strategies and the results expected of them;
•financial results for future periods;
•producing improvements in earnings;
•profitable sales growth and rates of growth;
•market leadership;
•research and development spending;
•expected impact and costs of resolution of legal proceedings;
•extent of, and adequacy of provisions for, environmental liabilities and sustainability commitments;
•commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
•adequacy of income tax provisions, realization of deferred tax assets, outcomes of uncertain tax issues and tax rates;
•goodwill impairment charges and fair values of reporting units;
•future asset impairment charges and fair values of assets;
•anticipated contributions to pension and postretirement benefit plans, fair values of plan assets, long-term rates of return on plan assets, and projected benefit obligations and payments;
•expected impact of implementation of new accounting pronouncements;
•creation of long-term value and returns for shareholders;
•continued payment of dividends; and
•planned stock repurchases.
Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management's beliefs and certain assumptions made by management. Such information includes, without limitation, discussions as to guidance and other estimates, perceived opportunities, expectations, beliefs, plans, strategies, goals and objectives concerning our future financial and operating performance. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, without limitation:
•availability and pricing of raw materials, energy and transportation, including the impact of potential changes in tariffs or sanctions and escalating trade wars and the impact of war and other geopolitical tensions (such as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and economic sanctions related thereto), and the Company's ability to pass raw material, energy and transportation price increases and surcharges through to customers or otherwise manage these commodity pricing risks;
•impacts arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, financial condition, value of assets, liquidity, prospects, growth, and on the industries in which we operate and that we serve, resulting from, without limitation, recent and ongoing financial market volatility, potential governmental actions, changes in consumer behaviors and demand, changes in customer requirements, disruptions to the Company's suppliers and supply chain, availability of labor and personnel, necessary modifications to operations and business, and uncertainties about the extent and duration of the pandemic;
•costs of labor;
•work stoppages due to labor disputes;
•success of new product development, introduction and sales;
•success of implementation of new manufacturing technologies and installation of manufacturing equipment, including the startup of new facilities and lines;
•consumer demand for products and changing consumer preferences;
•ability to be the low-cost global leader in customer-preferred packaging solutions within targeted segments;
•competitive pressures, including new product development, industry overcapacity, customer and supplier consolidation, and changes in competitors' pricing for products;
•financial conditions of customers and suppliers;
•ability to maintain or increase productivity levels, contain or reduce costs, and maintain positive price/cost relationships;
•ability to negotiate or retain contracts with customers, including in segments with concentration of sales volume;
•inventory management strategies of customers;
•timing of introduction of new products or product innovations by customers;
•collection of receivables from customers;
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•ability to improve margins and leverage cash flows and financial position;
•ability to manage the mix of business to take advantage of growing markets while reducing cyclical effects of some of the Company's existing businesses on operating results;
•ability to maintain innovative technological market leadership and a reputation for quality;
•ability to attract and retain talented and qualified employees, managers and executives;
•ability to profitably maintain and grow existing domestic and international business and market share;
•ability to expand geographically and win profitable new business;
•ability to identify and successfully close suitable acquisitions at the levels needed to meet growth targets;
•ability to successfully integrate newly acquired businesses, including Ball Metalpack, into the Company's operations and realize synergies and other anticipated benefits within the expected time period, or at all;
•the costs, timing and results of restructuring activities;
•availability of credit to us, our customers and suppliers in needed amounts and on reasonable terms;
•effects of our indebtedness on our cash flow and business activities;
•fluctuations in interest rates and our borrowing costs;
•fluctuations in obligations and earnings of pension and postretirement benefit plans;
•accuracy of assumptions underlying projections of benefit plan obligations and payments, valuation of plan assets, and projections of long-term rates of return;
•timing of funding pension and postretirement benefit plan obligations;
•cost of employee and retiree medical, health and life insurance benefits;
•resolution of income tax contingencies;
•foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate and commodity price risk and the effectiveness of related hedges;
•changes in U.S. and foreign tariffs, tax rates, tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof;
•the adoption of new, or changes in, accounting standards or interpretations;
•challenges and assessments from tax authorities resulting from differences in interpretation of tax laws, including income, sales and use, property, value added, employment, and other taxes;
•accuracy in valuation of deferred tax assets;
•accuracy of assumptions underlying projections related to goodwill impairment testing, and accuracy of management's assessment of goodwill impairment;
•accuracy of assumptions underlying fair value measurements, accuracy of management's assessments of fair value and fluctuations in fair value;
•ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;
•liability for and costs of resolution of litigation, regulatory actions, or other legal proceedings;
•liability for and anticipated costs of environmental remediation actions;
•effects of environmental laws and regulations;
•operational disruptions at our major facilities;
•failure or disruptions in our information technologies;
•failure of third party transportation providers to deliver our products to our customers or to deliver raw materials to us;
•substantially lower than normal crop yields;
•loss of consumer or investor confidence;
•ability to protect our intellectual property rights;
•changes in laws and regulations relating to packaging for food products and foods packaged therein, other actions and public concerns about products packaged in our containers, or chemicals or substances used in raw materials or in the manufacturing process;
•changing consumer attitudes toward plastic packaging;
•ability to meet sustainability targets and challenges in implementation;
•changing climate, climate change regulations and greenhouse gas effects;
•ability to meet commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
•actions of domestic or foreign government agencies and changes in laws and regulations affecting the Company and increased costs of compliance;
•international, national and local economic and market conditions and levels of unemployment;
•economic disruptions resulting from war and other geopolitical tensions (such as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine), terrorist activities and natural disasters; and
•accelerating inflation.
More information about the risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements is provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Item 1A - "Risk Factors" and throughout other sections of this report and in other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In light of these various risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K might not occur.
The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law. You are, however, advised to review any further disclosures we make on related subjects, and about new or additional risks, uncertainties and assumptions, in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K.
References to our website address
References to our website address and domain names throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K are for informational purposes only, or to fulfill specific disclosure requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules or the New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards. These references are not intended to, and do not, incorporate the contents of our websites by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

PART I
Item 1. Business
(a) General Development of Business –
Sonoco Products Company ("Sonoco," "the Company," "we," "us," or "our") is a South Carolina corporation originally founded in Hartsville, South Carolina, in 1899 as the Southern Novelty Company. At its beginnings in 1899, a team of 12 people worked from a rented warehouse in Hartsville, South Carolina. The Company’s first product was a cone-shaped paper yarn carrier used for winding and transporting yarn. Since most of the textile cones of that day were wooden, paper cones were a novelty. The Company soon became the leading producer of cones in the United States. The Southern Novelty Company continued to diversify its product line and add new operations around the country. In 1923, the Southern Novelty Company name was changed to Sonoco Products Company, or "Sonoco," using the first two letters from each word of its original name.
Sonoco is now a multi-billion dollar global manufacturer of a variety of consumer, industrial, protective, and healthcare packaging products. The Company has approximately 300 locations in 32 cou ntries, serving some of the world’s best-known brands in some 85 n ations. Sonoco is committed to creating sustainable products, services and programs for our customers, employees and communities that support our corporate purpose: Better Packaging. Better Life. Our goal is to bring more to packaging than just the package by offering integrated packaging solutions that help define brand personalities, creating unique customer experiences, and enhancing the quality of products. We seek to help our customers solve their packaging challenges by connecting insights to innovation and developing customized solutions that are tailored to the customer’s goals and objectives.
Sonoco changed its financial reporting structure effective January 1, 2021, to reflect the way it manages its operations, evaluates performance and allocates resources. The revised structure consists of two reportable segments, Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining businesses reported as All Other.
The former Protective Solutions and Display and Packaging segments were eliminated and the underlying businesses and their results were realigned into All Other or, in certain cases, subsumed into the remaining two reportable segments. The Company divested its global display and packaging business in two separate transactions: the European contract packaging business on November 30, 2020 and the U.S. display and packaging business on April 4, 2021. Prior to the divestitures, these businesses were reported in All Other. Information about products and services of these segments and the markets they serve is discussed below under “Description of business.” Segment financial information for prior periods has been recast to conform to the current-year presentation.
On January 26, 2022, Sonoco completed the acquisition of Ball Metalpack Holding, LLC ("Ball Metalpack"), a leading supplier of sustainable metal packaging for food and household products and the largest aerosol can manufacturer in North America, for an aggregate purchase price of $1.35 billion in cash, subject to customary adjustments, including for working capital, cash and indebtedness.
(c) Description of Business –
Segment Reporting
As noted above, the Company currently reports its financial results in two reportable segments – Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining businesses reported as All Other. Further information about the Company’s reportable segments is provided in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We anticipate that the operations of Ball Metalpack will be included in the Consumer Packaging segment in future periods.
Consumer Packaging
The Consumer Packaging segment accounted for approximately 42%, 43% and 41% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The operations in this segment consisted of 83 plants throughout the world as of December 31, 2021. The products, services and markets of the Consumer Packaging segment, prior to the Ball Metalpack acquisition, were as follows:

Products and Services |  | Markets
Round and shaped rigid paper containers; fiber and plastic caulk/adhesive tubes; metal and peelable membrane ends and closures; thermoformed plastic trays and containers; high-barrier flexible packaging films and printed flexible packaging; rotogravure cylinder engraving; and global brand artwork management |  | Stacked chips, snacks, nuts, cookies, crackers, other hard-baked goods, candy, gum, frozen concentrate, powdered and liquid beverages, powdered infant formula, coffee, refrigerated dough, frozen foods and entrees, processed foods, fresh fruits, vegetables, fresh-cut produce, salads, fresh-baked goods, eggs, seafood, poultry, soup, pasta, dairy, sauces, dips, condiments, pet food, meats, and cheeses

Within the Consumer Packaging segment, Sonoco’s rigid paper containers are the Company’s largest revenue-producing group of products and services, representing approximately 24% of consolidated net sales in the year ended December 31, 2021. This group comprised 25% and 21% of consolidated net sales in 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Industrial Paper Packaging
The Industrial Paper Packaging segment, previously called "Paper and Industrial Converted Products," accounted for approximately 44%, 38% and 39% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This segment served its markets through 178 plants on five continents as of December 31, 2021. Sonoco’s paper operations provide the primary raw material for the Company’s fiber-based packaging. Sonoco uses approximately 46% of the paper it manufactures, and the remainder is sold to third parties. This vertical integration strategy was supported by 23 paper mills with 31 paper machines and 23 recycling facilities throughout the world as of December 31, 2021. In 2021, Sonoco had the capacity to manufacture approximately 2.2 million tons of recycled paperboard. The products,
4 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

services and markets of the Industrial Paper Packaging are as follows:

Products and Services |  | Markets
Recycled paperboard, chipboard, tubeboard, lightweight corestock, boxboard, corrugating medium, edgeboard, specialty paper grades, and adhesives; paperboard tubes and cores, molded plugs, and reels; paper-based cones and pallets; paper-based protective packaging; collection, processing and recycling of old corrugated containers, paper, plastics, metal, glass and other recyclable materials; and flexible intermediate bulk containers and bulk bags |  | Converted paperboard products, spiral winders, construction, plastic films, metal, paper mills, shipping and storage, tape and labels, textiles, wire and cable, adhesives, appliances, heating and air conditioning, office furnishings, fitness equipment, promotional and palletized distribution, municipal, residential, customers’ manufacturing and distribution facilities and fiber protective packaging

In 2021, Sonoco’s tubes and cores products were the Company’s second largest revenue-producing group of products, representing approximately 21% of consolidated net sales in the year ended December 31, 2021. This group c omprised 19% of consolidated net sales in both 2020 and 2019.
All Other
The businesses grouped as All Other accounted for approximately 14%, 19%, and 20% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The operations in this segment consisted of 35 plants throughout the world as of December 31, 2021. Prior to their divestitures in 2020 and 2021, the Company's global display and packaging businesses, which included point-of-purchase displays, fulfillment operations, and contract packaging, were reported in All Other. The products, services and markets of the businesses grouped as All Other are as follows:

Products and Services |  | Markets
Thermoformed rigid plastics trays and devices, custom-engineered, molded foam protective packaging and components; temperature-assured packaging; retail security packaging, including printed backer cards, thermoformed blisters and heat sealing equipment; injection molded and extruded containers, spools and parts; and paper amenities |  | Medical devices, pharmaceuticals, electronics; automotive, appliances, temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals and food; miscellaneous foods and beverages, personal care, cosmetics, fragrances, hosiery, office supplies, home and garden, over-the-counter drugs, sporting goods, hospitality industry

Other Aspects of the Company's Business
Product Distribution – Each of the Company’s operating units has its own sales staff, and maintains direct sales relationships with its customers. Some of the units have service staff at the manufacturing facility that interact directly with customers. The Industrial Paper Packaging segment and certain operations within the Consumer Packaging segment have customer service centers located in Hartsville, South Carolina, which are the main contact points between their North American business units and their customers. Divisional sales personnel also provide sales management, marketing and product development assistance as needed. Typically, product distribution is directly from the manufacturing plant to the customer, but in some cases, product is warehoused in a mutually advantageous location to be shipped to the customer as needed.
Raw Materials – The principal raw materials used by the Company are recovered paper, paperboard, steel, aluminum and plastic resins. Raw materials are purchased from a number of outside sources. The Company considers the supply and availability of raw materials to be adequate to meet its needs.
Patents, Trademarks and Related Contracts – Most inventions and product and process innovations are generated by Sonoco’s development, marketing and engineering staff, and are important to the Company’s internal growth. Patents have been granted on many inventions created by Sonoco staff in the United States and in many other countries. Patents and trade secrets were acquired as part of acquisitions over the past two years, including the August 2020 acquisition of Can Packaging and the January 2022 acquisition of Ball Metalpack. These patents are managed globally by a Sonoco intellectual capital management team through the Company’s subsidiary, Sonoco Development, Inc. (SDI). SDI globally manages patents, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and license agreements. Some patents have been licensed to other manufacturers. Sonoco also licenses a few patents from outside companies and universities. U.S. patents expire after about 20 years, and patents on new innovations replace many of the abandoned or expired patents. A second intellectual capital subsidiary of Sonoco, SPC Resources, Inc., globally manages Sonoco’s trademarks, service marks, copyrights and Internet domain names. Most of Sonoco’s products are marketed worldwide under trademarks such as Sonoco®, SmartSeal®, Sonotube®, Sealclick®, Sonopost® and UltraSeal®. Sonoco’s registered web domain names provide information about Sonoco, its people and its products. Trademarks and domain names are licensed to outside companies where appropriate.
Seasonality – Although demand for some of the Company's products varies seasonally, overall the Company's operations are not seasonal to any significant degree.
Dependence on Customers – On an aggregate basis during 2021, the five largest customers in the Consumer Packaging se gment and the Industrial Paper Packaging segment accounted for approximatel y 28% and 9%, respectively, of each segment’s net sales. The five largest customers in the All Other group of businesses accounted for approximately 13% of the group’s net sales.
Sales to the Company’s largest customer represe nted 4.2% of c onsolidated revenues in 2021. This concentration of sales volume resulted in a corresponding concentration of credit, representing approxima tely 3.4% of the Company’s consolidated trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2021. The Company’s next largest customer comprised 3.0% of consolidated revenues in 2021.
Additional information regarding Sonoco's customers is provided in Item 1A - Risk Factors under the caption "Risks Related to Competition, Customers and Suppliers."
Competition – The Company sells its products in highly competitive markets, which include paper, textile, film, food, packaging, construction, and wire and cable. All of these markets are influenced by the overall rate of economic activity, and their behavior is principally driven by supply and demand. Because we operate in highly competitive markets, we regularly bid for new and continuing business. Losses and/or awards of business from our largest customers, customer changes to alternative forms of packaging, and the repricing of business, can have a significant effect on our operating results. The Company manufactures and sells many of its products globally. The Company, having operated internationally since 1923, considers its ability to serve its customers worldwide in a timely and consistent manner a competitive advantage. The Company also believes that its technological leadership, reputation for quality, and vertical integration are competitive advantages. Expansion of
5 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

the Company’s product lines and global presence is driven by the rapidly changing needs of its major customers, who demand high-quality, state-of-the-art, environmentally compatible packaging, wherever they choose to do business. It is important to be a low-cost producer in order to compete effectively. The Company is focused on productivity improvements and other cost-reduction initiatives utilizing the latest in technology. Additional information regarding competition is provided in Item 1A - Risk Factors under the caption "Risks Related to Competition, Customers and Suppliers."
Compliance with Government Regulations and Laws – The Company must comply with extensive laws, rules and regulations in the United States and in each of the countries where it conducts business with respect to a variety of matters. Management believes that the Company is in compliance with all material applicable government regulations, including environmental regulations and does not believe that there is any material impact on capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position as a result of efforts to comply with these regulations. Information regarding compliance with government regulations, including environmental laws, is provided in Item 1A - Risk Factors, in Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the caption “Risk Management,” and in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Culture – At Sonoco, our purpose is engrained in our culture. In fact, it drives our culture. It drives our product development. It drives how we work with our customers and each other. It drives what we do, and the decisions we make. Our purpose isn’t just a collection of words. It represents the collective spirit of an organization focused on one thing: Better Packaging. Better Life.
Sustainability - Packaging plays a fundamental role in providing safe and hygienic delivery systems for food, medicines and other essential products around the world. However, we believe the importance of packaging extends beyond its functionality to also include its impact on the planet. During 2020, we established a new corporate team, led by a staff vice president directly reporting to our CEO, to champion our global sustainability efforts. This team leads the Company’s global sustainability programs for all our Consumer- and Industrial-related packaging businesses, including driving efforts to meet our climate change related goals, and addressing the complex regulatory and policy environment landscape. Additionally, we have set up a Corporate Sustainability Council to provide oversight, guidance, and direction on social, community, and environmental issues that impact the reputation and economic performance of the Company and to help address the concerns of our stakeholders. The Council meets quarterly and reports to and is sponsored by Sonoco’s president and CEO. The Council reports on Sonoco’s sustainability activities, biannually, to the Board of Directors.
Our sustainability goals include the following key elements:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions - While we have reduced normalized greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions by approximately 25% since 2009, we are committed to further improving our environmental impact by setting ambitious new targets to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement, which is aimed at limiting the warming of global temperatures to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Specifically, Sonoco aims to reduce absolute scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions by 25% by 2030 from a 2020 base year. We have also set a goal to reduce absolute scope 3 GHG emissions by 13.5% by 2030 from a 2019 base year by working with our customers and suppliers to develop innovative packaging solutions that reduce packaging waste and improve recyclability. These goals were validated by the Science-Based Target Initiative in June 2021. In addition, we are actively studying necessary operational changes, technology developments and market changes that would be required to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.
To meet our Science-Based Targets over the next decade, each of our more than 300 global operations are focused on reducing GHG emissions by investing in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects along with purchasing electricity from certified green and reduced-carbon energy sources. In addition, we are incorporating sustainability and environmental metrics into each of our business units’ plans and management incentives.
Energy Usage - In support of our GHG emission reductions, Sonoco aims to continue energy efficiency improvements in our manufacturing plants targeted to reduce normalized energy use by at least 8% by 2030 from a 2020 baseline in addition to investing in energy efficiency, renewable energy and alternative power projects. For example, our "Greening of the Grid" project includes purchasing less carbon intensive electricity from utilities. We believe these actions will reduce cumulative scope 2 GHG emissions by up to 10% by 2030. Also, our ongoing plant efficiency projects are intended to drive an 8% cumulative reduction in scope 1 GHG emissions, stemming from direct investments in plant boiler efficiency, compressed air, LED lighting, vacuum systems, HVAC systems and process chillers.
Water Usage - Reducing our water consumption is part of being responsible stewards of our planet’s resources. Many of our actions to reduce water usage involve our global paper mills, which account for the majority of our global water usage. We plan to conduct water risk studies at these manufacturing facilities using WRI Aqueduct, WWF Water Rich Filter or similar tools.
Plastic Usage - We are committed to responsibly managing resins use at our facilities and are implementing "Operation Clean Sweep", a program focused on preventing discharge of plastic pellets into the environment. We are also working to ensure we can make relevant on-pack recyclability claims for at least 75% of our global rigid plastic product portfolio, while also ensuring we are closing the loop through continued use of post-consumer recycled content.
Recycling - We also serve as a valued partner to our customers to reduce the environmental impact of their packaging. As such, by utilizing recycled materials, the Company has already achieved its goal set in 2019 to increase to at least 85% of the amount, based on weight, of product we recycle or cause to be recycled as a percent of the product we put in the marketplace.
We are focused on continuing to reduce energy usage and air emissions by improving energy efficiency through targeted investments and initiatives. We continue to engage in activities and make investments that we believe will enable us to innovate our products and improve our operational infrastructure as well as drive end-of-life solutions for our products and develop partnerships with key stakeholders across our value chain to help deliver sustainable solutions.
Human Capital Management - Sonoco’s core belief that “we are only as strong as our people” underlies our efforts to attract, acquire and retain talented employees for our global businesses. We seek to engage, develop and reward our employee base of approximately 20,500 so they can successfully pursue our purpose of Better Packaging. Better Life. We depend on our employees to achieve our mission of creating sustainable packaging solutions that help build our customers’ brands, enhance the quality of their products and improve the quality of life for people around the world. We work towards this goal by establishing a foundation for actions that support health and safety, diversity and inclusion, and talent development.
Health and Safety – Protecting the health and safety of our employees is a top priority, and we are committed to providing a safe working environment for all our associates. We use global and local incident data along with identifying leading indicators to create program and safety improvement action plans to reduce conditions and behaviors that lead to at-risk situations. In 2021, we moved our safety program from a historical lagging indicator focus to a more proactive, leading indicator approach. Overall injuries in 2021 were slightly down from 2020 but more importantly were down 10% from 2019. To promote the prevention of more significant Life Changing Events, which are injuries or incidents that cause or have the potential to cause permanent disabilities or the loss of life, we engaged outside experts to conduct assessments of high-risk activities and leveraged learnings globally. In addition, we evaluated our safety systems to improve focus and resources. Globally, we achieved completion of 99% of all safety improvement action plans, which are site level improvement plans designed to reduce risk. Finally, our operations leadership worked together to develop a new safety playbook which will be used globally in 2022 to further train our employees.
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Our focus on safeguarding the health of our employees continued to evolve around actions we took to reduce exposures to COVID-19. We continued to implement safety protocols across our facilities following recommendations by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. As the pandemic continuously evolved, we put in place measures and practices for the health and safety of our employees, customers and suppliers, and in response to changing local laws. We proactively provided employees with personal protective equipment, and where possible, provided on-site testing and vaccination clinics.
Diversity and Inclusion – Sonoco embraces Diversity and Inclusion, and our efforts to increase diversity within our Company are an organizational priority. As of December 31, 2021, our employees were located in the following geographic regions: 53% in North America; 19% in Europe, Middle East and Africa; 17% in Latin America; and 11% in Asia Pacific. Our global workforce is 26% female and 74% male and 34% of our U.S. employees identify as a racial minority. We have labor unions in all regions of our operations, and in North America, approximately 16% of our employees are represented by unions. We rely on the unique qualities and talents of our employees to help us meet our strategic priorities. Our Diversity and Inclusion goals are focused on increasing the representation of women and racial minorities into more salaried and senior leadership positions. We are working toward this goal by increasing hiring, focusing on development and promotions, as well as focusing on retention efforts. We made significant progress in talent acquisition during 2021, despite a challenging labor market. In the U.S., 44% of employee hires were female and 34% a member of a minority group in 2021. For the past 10 years, Sonoco’s employees have expanded and improved our Global Diversity and Inclusion Council, which is chaired by our President and CEO. In 2020, the Global Diversity and Inclusion Council chartered a new Business Resource Group ("BRG"), Black Employees @ Sonoco, to join our other five existing BRGs. In 2021, we continued to focus council activities on workforce representation (diversity) and work environment (inclusion) by addressing unconscious bias to promote an environment where diverse backgrounds are appreciated, and diverse ideas are heard. In addition, we are committed to lifting up historically disadvantaged businesses in an effort to make a positive economic impact on society. We have had a dedicated Supplier Diversity program since 2004, and since 2010 we have spent approximately $1.9 billion with certified, diverse suppliers.
Talent Acquisition and Development – Attracting, developing and retaining talented employees is critical to our success and is an integral part of our human capital strategy. We have created a Global Talent Acquisition and Organization Development team to provide a more holistic approach to managing and enriching the employee lifecycle through continuous training and comprehensive succession planning. In 2021, we significantly expanded Sonoco University, a centralized digital training hub, to provide our employees with diverse learning and career development programs. In addition, we conduct regular talent succession assessments along with individual performance reviews in which managers provide regular feedback and coaching to assist with the development of our employees, including the use of individual development plans to assist with individual career development.
(e) Available Information –
The Company electronically files with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") its annual reports on Form 10-K, its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, its periodic reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and proxy materials pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act. The SEC maintains a site on the Internet, www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Sonoco also makes its filings available, free of charge, through its Investor Relations website, www.investor.sonoco.com, as soon as reasonably practical after the electronic filing of such material with the SEC. Sonoco uses its
Investor Relations website as a means of disclosing material non-public information. Accordingly, investors should monitor Sonoco’s Investor
Relations website, in addition to following its press releases, SEC filings, and public conference calls and webcasts. The information posted on
or accessible through Sonoco’s website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The references to Sonoco’s websites are
intended to be inactive textual references only.
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Information About our Executive Officers –

Name | Age |  | Position and Business Experience for the Past Five Years
Executive Committee |  |  |
R. Howard Coker | 59 |  |  | Board member since 2020. President and Chief Executive Officer. Previously, Senior Vice President, Global Paper and Industrial Converted Products, 2019-2020; Senior Vice President, Rigid Paper Containers and Paper/Engineered Carriers International, 2017-2018; Group Vice President, Global Rigid Paper & Closures, and Paper & Industrial Converted Products, EMEA, Asia, Australia / New Zealand, 2015-2017. Prior to 2015, Group Vice President, Global Rigid Paper & Plastics; Vice President, Global Rigid Paper & Closures; Vice President & General Manager, Rigid Paper & Closures, N.A.; Division Vice President & General Manager, Rigid Paper & Closures. Joined Sonoco in 1985. Mr. Coker is the brother-in-law of J.R. Haley, Chairman of Sonoco's Board of Directors.
Julie C. Albrecht | 54 |  |  | Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. Previously Vice President, Treasurer / Assistant Chief Financial Officer, 2017-2018; Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations & Treasurer for Esterline Technologies Corporation, 2015-2017; Finance Director, Customer Service Aircraft Systems for United Technologies, 2012-2015; Vice President, Finance Goodrich Customer Services, Goodrich Corporation, 2010-2012. Joined Sonoco in 2017.
Robert R. Dillard | 47 |  |  | Vice President, Corporate Development. Previously Staff Vice President, Corporate Development 2018-2019; President of Personal Care Europe and Vice President of Strategy and Innovation at Domtar Personal Care, a division of Domtar Corporation, 2016-2018. Joined Sonoco in 2018.
John M. Florence, Jr. | 43 |  |  | Vice President, General Counsel, Human Resources and Secretary. Previously Corporate Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, 2016-2019; Corporate Attorney, 2015-2016. Prior experience: Attorney with Haynsworth Sinkler Boyd, P.A., Columbia, SC, 2005-2015. Joined Sonoco in 2015.
Rodger D. Fuller | 60 |  |  | Executive Vice President Global Industrial and Consumer. Previously Senior Vice President, Global Consumer Packaging, Display and Packaging and Protective Solutions, 2019-2020; Senior Vice President, Paper/Engineered Carriers U.S./Canada and Display and Packaging, 2017-2018; Group Vice President, Paper & Industrial Converted Products, Americas, 2015-2017; Group Vice President, Paper/Tubes and Cores N.A., 2013-2015; Vice President, Global Rigid Plastics & Corporate Customers, 2011-2013; Vice President, Global Rigid Paper & Plastics, January-October 2011; Vice President, Global Rigid Paper & Closures, 2008-2011; Vice President, Rigid Paper & Plastics N.A., 2005-2008; Division Vice President & General Manager, Consumer Products N.A., 2000-2005. Joined Sonoco in 1985.
Richard K. Johnson | 54 |  |  | Vice President and Chief Information Officer. Previously Vice President and Chief Information Officer of HNI Corporation, a global manufacturer of office furniture and hearth products, 2011-2019. Currently, member of the Board of Directors for The Marvin Companies, Inc. Joined Sonoco in 2019.
Roger P. Schrum | 66 |  |  | Vice President, Investor Relations & Corporate Affairs. Previously Staff Vice President, Investor Relations & Corporate Affairs, 2005-2009. Joined Sonoco in 2005.
Other Corporate Officers |  |  |
Russell K. Grissett | 52 |  |  | Vice President, Global Flexible Packaging effective November 1, 2021. Previously Division Vice President and General Manager of Global Flexibles, 2019-2021; Division Vice President and General Manager of Protective Solutions, 2017-2019; Division Vice President and General Manager Thermosafe, 2013-2017. Joined Sonoco in 1993.
James A. Harrell III | 60 |  |  | Vice President Americas Industrial. Previously Vice President Tubes & Cores, US and Canada, 2016-2020; Vice President, Tubes & Cores N.A., 2010-2015; Vice President & General Manager, Industrial Converted Products, 2009-2010; Division Vice President & General Manager, Paper, N.A., 2008-2009; Staff Vice President, Global Operating Excellence, Industrial Products, 2007-2008; Division Vice President, Industrial Products/ Paper-Europe, 2002-2007. Joined Sonoco in 1985.
Ernest D. Haynes III | 49 |  |  | Vice President, Rigid Paper Containers, North America, effective November 1, 2021. Previously Division Vice President and General Manager of Rigid Paper Containers, North America 2018-2021; Division Vice President of Manufacturing, Tubes and Cores, U.S. and Canada 2015-2018; Director of Manufacturing, Metal Ends & Closures 2012-2015. Joined Sonoco in 1997.
Jeffrey S. Tomaszewski | 53 |  |  | Vice President, North America Consumer and Global Rigid Paper & Closures. Previously Division Vice President and General Manager – Global Rigid Paper and Closures, Display and Packaging and Paperboard Specialties, 2019-2020; Division Vice President and General Manager of Rigid Paper Containers, NA and Display and Packaging, 2018-2019; Division Vice President, Rigid Paper Containers, NA, 2015-2018; Division Vice President and General Manager of Global Display and Packaging and Packaging Services, 2013–2015. Joined Sonoco in 2002.
Adam Wood | 53 |  |  | Vice President, Paper & Industrial Converted Products, EMEA, Australia and New Zealand. Previously Vice President, Paper & Industrial Converted Products, EMEA, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, 2015-2019; Vice President, Global Tubes & Cores, 2015; Vice President, Industrial Europe, 2014; Division Vice President and General Manager, Industrial Europe, 2011-2014. Joined Sonoco in 2003.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are subject to risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, ability to pay dividends, and the trading price of our securities. These factors could also cause our actual results to materially differ from the results contemplated by forward-looking statements we make in this report, in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and in our public announcements. You should consider the risk factors described below, as well as other factors described elsewhere in this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in evaluating us, our business, and any investment in our securities. Although these are the most significant risk factors of which we are currently aware, they are not the only risk factors to which we are subject. Additional risk factors not currently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, could also adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
Risks Related to the Domestic and Global Economies and to Doing Business Globally
Our international operations subject us to various risks that could adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
We have operations throughout North and South America, Europe, Australia and Asia, with approximately 300 facilities in 32 countries. In 2021, approximately 35% of consolidated sales came from operations outside of the United States, and we expect to continue to expand our international operations in the future. Management of global operations is extremely complex, and operations in foreign countries are subject to local statutory and regulatory requirements, differing legal environments and other additional risks that may not exist, or be as significant, in the United States. These additional risks may adversely affect our business operations and financial results, and include, without limitation:
•foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and foreign currency exchange controls;
•hyperinflation and currency devaluation;
•possible limitations on conversion of foreign currencies into dollars or payment of dividends and other payments by non-U.S. subsidiaries;
•tariffs, non-tariff barriers, duties, taxes or government royalties, including the imposition or increase of withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by non-U.S. subsidiaries;
•our interpretation of our rights and responsibilities under local statutory and regulatory rules for sales taxes, VAT and similar taxes, statutory accounting requirements, licenses and permits, etc. may prove to be incorrect or unsupportable resulting in fines, penalties, and/or other liabilities related to non-compliance, damage to our reputation, unanticipated operational restrictions and/or other consequences as a result of the Company's actions, or inaction, taken to perform our responsibilities or protect our rights;
•changes in tax laws, or the interpretation of such laws, affecting taxable income, tax deductions, or other attributes relating to our non-U.S. earnings or operations;
•inconsistent product regulation or policy changes by foreign agencies or governments;
•difficulties in enforcement of contractual obligations and intellectual property rights;
•high social benefit costs for labor, including more expansive rights of foreign unions and work councils, and costs associated with restructuring activities;
•national and regional labor strikes;
•difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
•geographic, language and cultural differences between personnel in different areas of the world;
•differences in local business practices;
•foreign governments’ restrictive trade policies, and customs, import/export and other trade compliance regulations;
•compliance with and changes in applicable foreign laws;
•compliance with U.S. laws, including those affecting trade and foreign investment (including economic sanctions compliance) and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;
•loss or non-renewal of treaties between foreign governments and the U.S.;
•product boycotts, including with respect to products of our multi-national customers;
•increased costs of maintaining international manufacturing facilities and undertaking international marketing programs;
•difficulty in collecting international accounts receivable and potentially longer payment cycles;
•the potential for nationalization or expropriation of our enterprises or facilities without appropriate compensation; and
•political, social, legal and economic instability, civil unrest, war and other geopolitical tensions (such as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine), catastrophic events, acts of terrorism, and widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
As discussed further elsewhere in this 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC, some of these risks have already affected us.
Global economic conditions and/or disruptions in the credit markets could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company has extensive international operations, and is dependent on customers and suppliers that operate in local economies around the world. In addition, the Company accesses global credit markets as part of its capital allocation strategy. Adverse global macroeconomic conditions could negatively impact our ability to access credit, or the price at which funding could be obtained. Likewise, uncertainty about or a decline in global or regional economic conditions, could have a significant impact on the financial stability of our suppliers and customers, and could negatively impact demand for our products, as has been the case to some extent as a result of impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential effects include financial instability, inability to obtain credit to finance operations, and insolvency.
We are subject to governmental export and import control laws and regulations in certain jurisdictions where we do business that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in these markets.
Certain of our products are subject to export control laws and regulations and may be exported only with an export license or through an applicable export license exception. If we fail to comply with export licensing, customs regulations, economic sanctions or other laws, we could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including economic sanctions against us, incarceration for responsible employees and managers, and the possible loss of export or import privileges. In addition, if our distributors fail to obtain appropriate import, export or re-export licenses or permits, we may also be materially adversely affected through reputational harm and penalties. Obtaining the necessary export license for a particular sale may be time consuming and expensive and could result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities.
9 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Furthermore, export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain products to embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments and persons. We cannot guarantee that a violation of export control laws or economic sanctions will not occur. A prohibited shipment could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties, fines, civil and criminal sanctions and reputational harm. Any change in export or import regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could decrease our ability to export or sell our products internationally. Any limitation on our ability to export or sell our products could materially adversely affect our business. For example, in February 2022, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States and other countries announced economic sanctions against Russia, and the United States and other countries could impose wider sanctions and take other actions should the conflict further escalate. We maintain two small manufacturing operations in Russia and source certain inputs from Russian suppliers. In addition, some of our customers export their products to Russia. While it is difficult to anticipate the effect the sanctions announced to date may have on Sonoco, and any further sanctions imposed or actions taken by the United States or other countries, the effect of current or further economic sanctions may affect the global price and availability of natural gas, raw materials or finished goods, reduce our sales and earnings or otherwise have an adverse effect on our operations.
Changes in U.S. trade policies and regulations, as well as the overall uncertainty surrounding international trade relations, could materially adversely affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
We continue to face uncertainty with respect to trade relations between the U.S. and many of its trading partners. In March 2018, the U.S. announced new tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products. Other international trade actions and initiatives also were announced in 2018 and 2019, notably the imposition by the U.S. of additional tariffs on products of Chinese origin, and China’s imposition of additional tariffs on products of U.S. origin. These tariffs have had, and we expect that they will continue to have, an adverse effect on our costs of products sold and margins in our North America segment.
In July 2020, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement, became effective. In response to this agreement, other countries may change their own trade policies, including the imposition of additional tariffs and quotas, which could also adversely affect our business outside the U.S.
In order to mitigate the impact of these trade-related increases on our costs of products sold, we have increased and may in the future increase prices in certain markets and, over the longer term, make changes in our supply chain and, potentially, our U.S. manufacturing strategy. Implementing price increases may cause our customers to find alternative sources for their products. We may be unable successfully to pass on these costs through price increases; adjust our supply chain without incurring significant costs; or locate alternative suppliers for raw materials or finished goods at acceptable costs or in a timely manner. Further, the uncertainty surrounding U.S. trade policy makes it difficult to make long-term strategic decisions regarding the best way to respond to these pressures and could also increase the volatility of currency exchange rates. Our inability to effectively manage the negative impacts of changing U.S. and foreign trade policies could materially adversely impact our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations may reduce operating results and shareholders' equity.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can cause, and have in the past caused, translation, transaction and other losses that can unpredictably and adversely affect our consolidated operating results. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. However, as a result of operating globally, a portion of our consolidated net sales, costs, assets and liabilities, are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In our consolidated financial statements, we translate the local currency financial results of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars based on their respective exchange rates. Depending on the direction, changes in those rates will either increase or decrease operating results and balances as reported in U.S. dollars. Although we monitor our exposures and, from time to time, may use forward currency contracts to hedge certain forecasted foreign currency transactions or foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, this does not insulate us completely from foreign currency fluctuations and exposes us to counterparty risk of nonperformance.
Changes in domestic and global economic conditions may have a negative impact on our business operations and financial results.
Although our business is diversified across various markets and customers, because of the nature of our products and services, general economic downturns in the United States and globally can adversely affect our business operations and financial results. Current global economic challenges, including the difficulties of the United States and other countries in dealing with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, their rising debt levels, and currency fluctuations are likely to continue to put pressure on the economy, and on us. In response to the last global economic recession, extraordinary monetary policy actions of the U.S. Federal Reserve and other central banking institutions, including the utilization of quantitative easing, were taken to create and maintain a low interest rate environment. The Federal Reserve slowly began raising its benchmark interest rates over the past few years in response to an improving economy and reduced unemployment. However, as concerns grew in 2019 about a potential global slowdown in the face of unresolved trade negotiations between the United States and China, dampening business investment and slowing the manufacturing sector, the Federal Reserve began lowering rates. On March 15, 2020, at the beginning of the global coronavirus outbreak, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates even further to near 0% and kept them at that level throughout 2020 and 2021 and into January 2022. However, the Federal Reserve may begin to raise its benchmark rate again as soon as March 2022. Such an increase may, among other things, reduce the availability and/or increase the costs of obtaining new variable rate debt and refinancing existing indebtedness, and negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, such an increase in rates would put additional pressure on consumers and the economy in general. As evidenced in recent years, tightening of credit availability and/or financial difficulties, leading to declines in consumer and business confidence and spending, affect us, our customers, suppliers and distributors. When such conditions exist, customers may delay, decrease or cancel purchases from us, and may also delay payment or fail to pay us altogether. Suppliers may have difficulty filling our orders and distributors may have difficulty getting our products to market, which may affect our ability to meet customer demands, and result in loss of business. Weakened global economic conditions may also result in unfavorable changes in our product price/mix and lower profit margins. We have experienced most of these conditions to some extent as a result of the global economic impact of the pandemic. All of these factors may have a material adverse effect on us.
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Risks Related to Manufacturing Operations
Raw materials, energy and other price increases or shortages may impact our results of operations.
As a manufacturer, our sales and profitability are dependent on the availability and cost of raw materials, labor and other inputs. Most of the raw materials we use are purchased from third parties. Principal examples are recovered paper, steel, aluminum and resin. Prices and availability of these raw materials are subject to substantial fluctuations that are beyond our control due to factors such as changing economic conditions, inflation, currency and commodity price fluctuations, tariffs, resource availability, transportation costs, weather conditions and natural disasters, political unrest and instability, such as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, war and other factors impacting supply and demand pressures. Increases in costs can have an adverse effect on our business and financial results. Our performance depends, in part, on our ability to pass on cost increases to our customers by raising selling prices and/or offset the impact by improving productivity. Although many of our long-term contracts and non-contractual pricing arrangements with customers permit limited price adjustments to reflect increased raw material costs, such adjustments may not occur quickly enough, or be sufficient to prevent a material and adverse effect on net income and cash flow. Furthermore, we may not be able to improve productivity or realize sufficient savings from our cost reduction initiatives to offset the impact of increased costs.
Some of our manufacturing operations require the use of substantial amounts of electricity and natural gas, which may be subject to significant price increases as the result of changes in overall supply and demand and the impacts of legislation and regulatory action. In addition, we operate manufacturing sites throughout Europe and, in many instances, continued normal operations at those sites depend on the availability of natural gas and other inputs. If the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine is not resolved, any further sanctions imposed or actions taken by the United States or other countries, and any retaliatory measures by Russia in response, could affect the price of oil and natural gas throughout the world and impact the availability of energy supplies and other inputs at our European manufacturing sites. Such a disruption in the supply of natural gas could impact our ability to continue our operations at such sites at normal levels. We forecast and monitor energy usage, and, from time to time, use commodity futures or swaps in an attempt to reduce the impact of energy price increases. However, these efforts may be insufficient to protect us against fluctuations in energy prices or shortages of natural gas and we could suffer adverse effects to net income and cash flow should we be unable to either offset or pass higher energy costs through to our customers in a timely manner or at all.
Supply shortages or disruptions in our supply chains could affect our ability to obtain timely delivery of materials, equipment and supplies from our suppliers, and, in turn, adversely affect our ability to supply products to our customers. Such disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
We depend on third parties for transportation services.
We rely primarily on third parties for transportation of the products we manufacture and/or distribute, as well as for delivery of our raw materials. In particular, a significant portion of the goods we manufacture and raw materials we use are transported by railroad or trucks, which are highly regulated. If any of our third-party transportation providers were to fail to deliver the goods that we manufacture or distribute in a timely manner, we might be unable to sell those products at full value, or at all. Similarly, if any of these providers were to fail to deliver raw materials to us in a timely manner, we might be unable to manufacture our products in response to customer demand. In addition, if any of these third parties were to cease operations or cease doing business with us, we might be unable to replace them at reasonable cost. Any failure of a third-party transportation provider to deliver raw materials or finished products in a timely manner could harm our reputation, negatively impact our customer relationships and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to achieve, or may be delayed in achieving, adequate returns from our efforts to optimize our operations, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.
We continually strive to serve our customers and increase returns to our shareholders through innovation and improved operating performance by investing in productivity improvements, manufacturing efficiencies, manufacturing cost reductions and the rationalization of our manufacturing facilities footprints. However, our operations include complex manufacturing systems as well as intricate scheduling and numerous geographic and logistical complexities, and our business initiatives are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. We may not meet anticipated implementation timetables or stay within budgeted costs, and we may not fully achieve expected results. These initiatives could also adversely impact customer retention or our operations. Additionally, our business strategies may change from time to time in light of our ability to implement new business initiatives, competitive pressures, economic uncertainties or developments, or other factors. A variety of risks could cause us not to realize some or all of the expected benefits of these initiatives. These risks include, among others, delays in the anticipated timing of activities related to such initiatives, strategies and operating plans; increased difficulty and costs in implementing these efforts; and the incurrence of other unexpected costs associated with operating the business. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will realize these benefits. If, for any reason, the benefits we realize are substantially less than our estimates, or the implementation of these growth initiatives and business strategies adversely affects our operations or costs significantly more or takes significantly longer to effectuate than we expect, or if our assumptions prove inaccurate, our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Material disruptions in our business operations could negatively affect our financial results.
Although we take measures to minimize the risks of disruption at our facilities, we from time to time encounter an unforeseen material operational disruption in one of our major facilities, which could negatively impact production and our financial results. Such a disruption could occur as a result of any number of events including but not limited to a major equipment failure, labor stoppages, transportation failures affecting the supply and shipment of materials, disruptions at our suppliers, fire, severe weather conditions, including as a result of climate change, natural disasters and disruptions in utility services. These types of disruptions could materially adversely affect our earnings to varying degrees depending upon the facility, the duration of the disruption, our ability to shift business to another facility or find alternative sources of materials or energy. Any losses due to these events may not be covered by our existing insurance policies or may be subject to certain deductibles.
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Risks Related to Acquisitions, Divestitures and Joint Ventures
We may encounter difficulties in integrating acquisitions, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.
As noted in the risk factors above, we have invested a substantial amount of capital in acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic investments, including our recent acquisition of Ball Metalpack, and we expect that we will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. We are continually evaluating acquisitions and strategic investments that are significant to our business both in the United States and internationally. Acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic investments involve numerous risks. As has happened from time to time in the past, acquired businesses may not achieve the expected levels of revenue, profitability or productivity, or otherwise perform as expected, and acquisitions may involve significant cash expenditures, debt incurrence, operating losses, and expenses that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. Acquisitions also involve special risks, including, without limitation, the potential assumption of unanticipated liabilities and contingencies, and the challenges of effectively integrating acquired businesses.
Other risks and challenges associated with acquisitions, including our recent acquisition of Ball Metalpack, include, without limitation:
•substantial costs associated with negotiating and completing acquisitions;
•demands on management related to increase in size of our businesses and additional responsibilities of management;
•diversion of management's attention;
•disruptions to our ongoing businesses;
•inaccurate estimates of fair value in accounting for acquisitions and amortization of acquired intangible assets, which could reduce future reported earnings;
•difficulties in assimilation and retention of employees;
•difficulties in integration of departments, systems, technologies, books and records, controls (including internal financial and disclosure controls), procedures, and policies;
•potential loss of major customers and suppliers;
•challenges associated with operating in new geographic regions;
•difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies;
•potential failure to identify material problems and liabilities during due diligence review of acquisition targets; and
•potential failure to obtain sufficient indemnification rights to fully offset possible liabilities associated with acquired businesses.
While management believes that acquisitions will improve our competitiveness and profitability, no assurance can be given that acquisitions, including the acquisition of Ball Metalpack, will be successful or accretive to earnings or that the expected benefits from such transactions will be realized within the anticipated time frame, or at all. If actual performance in an acquisition falls short of the projected results, or the assessment of the relevant facts and circumstances was inaccurate or changes, it is possible that a noncash impairment charge of any related goodwill would be required, and our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates, which could limit our potential for growth.
We have made numerous acquisitions in recent years, and expect to actively seek new acquisitions that management believes will provide meaningful opportunities for growth. However, we may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or complete acquisitions on acceptable terms and conditions. Other companies in our industries have similar investment and acquisition strategies to ours, and competition for acquisitions may intensify. If we are unable to identify acquisition candidates that meet our criteria, our potential for growth may be restricted. Even if we do identify acquisition candidates that we believe meet our criteria, we may be unable to complete such acquisitions in a timely manner, on desirable terms or at all, and any acquisitions we complete may not provide the benefits that we anticipate. Our efforts to identify suitable acquisition candidates, even if successful, could also cause us to incur substantial search and transaction fees, divert the time and attention of our management, or fail to identify due diligence or other issues affecting the value and suitability of potential acquisition targets. We may also be unable to complete acquisitions that we believe would be beneficial to the Company if we are unable to satisfy related closing conditions or obtain necessary government consents. Any of these results could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
In connection with acquisitions, joint ventures, divestitures or other strategic transactions, we may become subject to liabilities and legal claims.
In connection with acquisitions, joint ventures, divestitures or other strategic transactions, we have in the past, and may in the future, become subject to liabilities or legal claims, including but not limited to third party liability and other tort claims; claims for breach of contract; employment-related claims; environmental, health and safety liabilities, conditions or damage; permitting, regulatory or other legal compliance issues; claims for contractual indemnification; or tax liabilities. In addition, we may assume risks and liabilities that our due diligence investigations with respect to acquisitions, joint ventures and other strategic transactions fail to identify, including issues relating to inadequate internal controls and procedures relating to accounting, finance, cybersecurity and data protection controls issues. If we become subject to any of these liabilities or claims with respect to our acquisition of Ball Metalpack or any other acquisition, joint venture, divestiture or other strategic transaction, and they are not adequately covered by insurance or an enforceable indemnity or similar agreement from a creditworthy counterparty, we may be responsible for significant out-of-pocket expenditures. Such underinsured liabilities, if they materialize, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may encounter difficulties restructuring operations or closing or disposing of facilities, assets or businesses.
We are continuously seeking more cost-effective means and structures to serve our customers and to respond to changes in our markets. Accordingly, from time to time, we have closed higher-cost facilities, sold non-core assets and businesses, and otherwise restructured operations, and are likely to do so again, in an effort to improve cost competitiveness and profitability. For example, in 2020 and 2021, we divested our global display and packaging operations in two separate transactions. As a result, restructuring and divestiture costs have been, and are expected to be, a recurring component of our operating costs, the magnitude of which could vary significantly from year to year depending on the scope of such activities. Divestitures and restructuring may result, and have in the past resulted, in significant financial charges for the write-off or impairment of assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets. Furthermore, such activities may divert the attention of management, disrupt our ordinary operations, or result in a reduction in the volume of products produced and sold, and the impact of divestitures on our revenue growth may be larger than we anticipate if we experience greater dis-synergies than we expect. In addition, in cases where we seek to divest or otherwise dispose of certain facilities, operations, assets or other components of our business,
12 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

we may be unable to find buyers or alternative exit strategies on acceptable terms, in a timely manner or at all, and we may dispose of facilities, operations, assets or other components of our business at prices or on terms that are less desirable than we had anticipated. Moreover, we may be prevented from completing dispositions as a result of our or our counterparties’ failure to satisfy pre-closing conditions, obtain necessary regulatory or government approvals. We may also be exposed to continuing financial risks from any businesses we divest, including as a result of continuing equity ownership, guarantees, indemnities, responsibility for environmental clean-up or other financial obligations. There is no guarantee that any such activities will achieve our goals, and if we cannot successfully manage the associated risks, our financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We have investments in joint ventures that are not operated solely for our benefit.
Several of our operations are conducted through joint ventures. In joint ventures, we share ownership and, in some instances, management of a company with one or more parties who may or may not have the same goals, strategies, priorities or resources as we do. In general, joint ventures are intended to be operated for the benefit of all co-owners, rather than for our exclusive benefit. Operating a business as a joint venture often requires additional organizational formalities as well as time-consuming procedures for sharing information, accounting and making decisions. In certain cases, our joint venture partners must agree in order for the applicable joint venture to take certain actions, including acquisitions, the sale of assets, budget approvals, borrowing money and granting liens on joint venture property. Our inability to take unilateral action that we believe is in our best interests may have an adverse effect on the financial performance of the joint venture and the return on our investment. In joint ventures, we believe our relationship with our co-owners is an important factor to the success of the joint venture, and if a co-owner changes, our relationship may be adversely affected. In addition, the benefits from a successful joint venture are shared among the co-owners, so that we do not receive all the benefits from our successful joint ventures. Finally, we may be required on a legal or practical basis or both, to accept liability for obligations of a joint venture beyond our economic interest, including in cases where our co-owner becomes bankrupt or is otherwise unable to meet its commitments.
In addition, because we share ownership and management with our joint venture partners, we may have limited control over the actions of a joint venture, particularly when we own a minority interest. As a result, we may be unable to prevent violations of applicable laws or other
misconduct by a joint venture or the failure to satisfy contractual obligations by one or more parties. Moreover, a joint venture may not follow the same requirements regarding compliance, internal controls and internal control over financial reporting that we follow. To the extent another party makes decisions that negatively impact the joint venture or internal control issues arise within the joint venture, we may have to take responsive actions, or we may be subject to penalties, fines or other punitive actions for these activities.
Risks Related to Competition, Customers and Suppliers
We face intense competition, and failure to compete effectively may have an adverse effect on our operating results.
We sell our products in highly competitive markets. We regularly bid for new and continuing business, and being a responsive, high-quality, low-cost producer is a key component of effective competition. The loss of business from our larger customers, customer changes to alternative forms of packaging, or renewal of business with less favorable terms may have a significant adverse effect on our operating results.
Continuing consolidation of our customer base and suppliers may intensify pricing pressure.
Like us, many of our larger customers have acquired companies with similar or complementary product lines, and many of our customers have been acquired. Additionally, many of our suppliers of raw materials are consolidating. This consolidation of customers and suppliers has increased the concentration of our business with our largest customers, and in some cases, increased pricing pressures. Similarly, consolidation of our larger suppliers has resulted in increased pricing pressures from our suppliers. Further consolidation of customers and suppliers could intensify pricing pressure and reduce our net sales and operating results.
The loss of a key customer, or a reduction in its production requirements, could have a significant adverse impact on our sales and profitability.
Each of our segments has large customers, and the loss of any of these could have a significant adverse effect on the segment’s sales and, depending on the magnitude of the loss, our results of operations and financial condition. Although a majority of our master customer contracts are long-term, they are terminable under certain circumstances, such as our failure to meet quality, pricing, or volume requirements, and the contracts themselves often do not require a specific level of purchasing. There is no assurance that existing customer relationships will be renewed at the same level of production, or at all, at the end of the contract term. Furthermore, the loss of any of our major customers, a reduction in their purchasing levels or an adverse change in the terms of supply agreements with these customers could reduce our net sales and net income. Continued consolidation of our customers could exacerbate any such loss. For more information on concentration of sales volume in our reportable segments, see Item1(c), "Dependence on Customers."
Challenges to, or the loss of, our intellectual property rights could have an adverse impact on our ability to compete effectively.
Our ability to compete effectively depends, in part, on our ability to protect and maintain the proprietary nature of our owned and licensed intellectual property. We own a large number of patents on our products, aspects of our products, methods of use and/or methods of manufacturing, and we own, or have licenses to use, all of the material trademark and trade name rights used in connection with the packaging, marketing and distribution of our major products. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and other unpatented proprietary technology. We attempt to protect and restrict access to our intellectual property and proprietary information by relying on the patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws of the U.S. and other countries, as well as non-disclosure agreements. However, it may be possible for a third party to obtain our information without our authorization, independently develop similar technologies, or breach a non-disclosure agreement entered into with us. Furthermore, many of the countries in which we operate do not have intellectual property laws that protect proprietary rights as fully as do laws in the U.S. The use of our intellectual property by someone else without our authorization could reduce or eliminate certain of our competitive advantages, cause us to lose sales or otherwise harm our business. The costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights could also adversely impact our business.
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In addition, we are from time to time subject to claims from third parties suggesting that we may be infringing on their intellectual property rights. If we were held liable for infringement, we could be required to pay damages, obtain licenses or cease making or selling certain products.
Intellectual property litigation, which could result in substantial cost to us and divert the attention of management, may be necessary to protect our trade secrets or proprietary technology or for us to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of others’ proprietary rights. We may not prevail in any such litigation, and if we are unsuccessful, we may not be able to obtain any necessary licenses on reasonable terms or at all. Failure to protect our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights may have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Products
We may not be able to develop new products acceptable to the market.
For many of our businesses, organic growth depends on product innovation, new product development and timely response to constantly changing consumer demands and preferences. Sales of our products and services depend heavily on the volume of sales made by our customers to consumers. Consumer preferences for products and packaging formats are constantly changing based on, among other factors, cost, convenience, and health, environmental and social concerns and perceptions. Our failure, or the failure of our customers, to develop new or better products in response to changing consumer preferences in a timely manner may hinder our growth potential and affect our competitive position, and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Product liability claims and other legal proceedings could adversely affect our operations and financial performance.
We produce products and provide services related to other parties’ products. While we have built extensive operational processes intended to ensure that the design and manufacture of our products meet rigorous quality standards, there can be no assurance that we or our customers will not experience operational process failures that could result in potential product, safety, regulatory or environmental claims and associated litigation. We are also subject to a variety of legal proceedings and legal compliance risks in our areas of operation around the globe. Any such claims, whether with or without merit, could be time consuming and expensive to defend, affect our reputation, and could divert management’s attention and resources. In accordance with customary practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, of these potential claims; however, in the future, we may not be able to maintain such insurance at acceptable premium cost levels. In addition, the levels of insurance we maintain may not be adequate to fully cover any and all losses or liabilities. If any significant judgment or claim is not fully insured or indemnified against, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We and the industries in which we operate are at times being reviewed or investigated by regulators and other governmental authorities, which could lead to enforcement actions, fines and penalties or the assertion of private litigation claims and damages. Simply responding to actual or threatened litigation or government investigations of our compliance with regulatory standards may require significant expenditures of time and other resources. While we believe that we have adopted appropriate risk management and compliance programs, the global and diverse nature of our operations means that legal and compliance risks will continue to exist and legal proceedings and other contingencies, the outcome of which cannot be predicted with certainty, will arise from time to time that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Climate Change Related Risk
Adverse weather and climate changes may result in lower sales and/or higher costs. In addition, climate-related regulations may add cost and complexity to our operations.
We manufacture packaging products for foods as well as products used in construction and industrial manufacturing. Adverse or varying weather conditions can impact crop yields and/or harvest timing, which in turn could impact the level and/or timing of demand for our containers. In addition, poor or extreme weather conditions can temporarily impact the level of construction and industrial activity and impact the efficiency of our manufacturing operations. Weather-related events, such as hurricanes and floods, which may increase in frequency and severity due to climate change, could result in lost production, supply chain disruptions and increased material costs. Such disruptions could have, and have in the past had, a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Regulatory responses to climate change may result in new laws and regulations intended to reduce overall greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions. Such rules and regulations could include, among other things, cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes, and mandates within certain industries or activities to reduce GHG emissions. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency has issued a number of regulations under the Clean Air Act with the goal of reducing GHG emissions. Some of our facilities are subject to these regulations and compliance with such rules and any other regulatory responses to climate change could in the future significantly increase costs and add complexity to our operations.
Additionally, in the U.S., several states where we operate manufacturing facilities have enacted or are in the process of enacting regulations related to GHG emissions and/or implementing cap and trade programs. Our facilities currently fall outside of the scope of these regulations but may be impacted in the future. Several of our manufacturing facilities outside of the U.S. have entered into GHG emissions trading programs as a result of local regulations. Certain countries where we have manufacturing facilities have set GHG reduction targets to align with an agreement signed in April 2016 between 170 countries establishing a framework to reduce global GHG emissions (also known as the "Paris Agreement"), that became effective in November 2016 and which the United States formally rejoined in February 2021. Many of the other countries where we conduct business are expected to develop similar climate change related regulations. To the extent our facilities become subject to additional regulations related to GHG emissions in the U.S. or internationally, compliance with such regulations could significantly increase costs and add complexity to our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
In addition, although we have procedures in place to monitor climate related regulatory and policy changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate and have developed processes and tools to track our GHG emissions and assess both the operational and financial impacts of climate-related regulations, any failure in such procedures and tools or other failure to comply with any such regulations and policies could subject us to additional costs and / or penalties as well as harm to our reputation.
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Risks Related to Environmental, Health and Safety, and Corporate Social Responsibility Laws and Regulations
We are subject to costs and potential liabilities related to environmental, health and safety, and corporate social responsibility laws and regulations that could adversely affect our operating results.
We must comply with extensive laws, rules and regulations in the United States and in each of the countries in which we do business regarding the environment, health and safety, and corporate social responsibility. Compliance with these laws and regulations can require significant expenditures of financial and employee resources.
Federal, state, provincial, foreign and local environmental requirements, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and particularly those relating to air, soil and water quality, handling, discharge, storage and disposal of a variety of substances, and climate change are significant factors in our business and generally increase our costs of operations. We may be found to have environmental liability for the costs of remediating soil or water that is, or was, contaminated by us or a third party at various sites that we now own, use or operate, or previously, owned, used or operated. Legal proceedings may result in the imposition of fines or penalties, as well as mandated remediation programs, that require substantial, and in some instances, unplanned capital expenditures.
We have incurred in the past, and may incur in the future, fines, penalties and legal costs relating to environmental matters, and costs relating to the damage of natural resources, lost property values and toxic tort claims. We have made expenditures to comply with environmental regulations and expect to make additional expenditures in the future. As of December 31, 2021, approximately $7.4 million was reserved for environmental liabilities. Such reserves are established when it is considered probable that we have some liability. However, because the extent of potential environmental damage, and the extent of our liability for the damage, is usually difficult to assess and may only be ascertained over a long period of time, our actual liability in such cases may end up being substantially higher than the currently reserved amount. Accordingly, additional charges could be incurred that would have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial position.
Many of our products come into contact with the food and beverages packaged within, and therefore we are subject to risks and liabilities related to health and safety matters in connection with those products. Accordingly, our products must comply with various laws and regulations for food and beverages applicable to our customers. Changes in such laws and regulations could negatively impact customers’ demand for our products as they comply with such changes and/or require us to make changes to our products. Such changes to our products could include modifications to the coatings and compounds we use, possibly resulting in the incurrence of additional costs. Additionally, because many of our products are used to package consumer goods, we are subject to a variety of risks that could influence consumer behavior and negatively impact demand for our products, including changes in consumer preferences driven by various health-related concerns and perceptions.
Disclosure regulations relating to the use of “conflict minerals” sourced from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries could affect the sourcing, availability and cost of materials used in the manufacture of some of our products. We also incur costs associated with supply chain due diligence, and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a result of such due diligence. Because our supply chain is complex, we may also face reputation risk with our customers and other stakeholders if we are unable sufficiently to verify the origins of all such minerals used in our products.
Changes to laws and regulations dealing with environmental, health and safety, and corporate social responsibility issues (e.g., sustainability) are made or proposed with some frequency, and some of the proposals, if adopted, might, directly or indirectly, result in a material reduction in the operating results of one or more of our operating units. For example, we may be subject to future policy changes and regulations that discourage the use of single-use plastics and/or mandate the use of recycled content. Such regulations could both result in customers switching to other packaging formats, and therefore result in lost revenue, and result in increased costs associated with sourcing recycled resins and designing and producing products with enhanced recyclability. These or any other such policy changes or new regulations are uncertain and we cannot predict the impact on our markets or the amount of additional capital expenditures or operating expenses that could be necessary for compliance.
Risks Related to Financing Activities
We, or our customers, may not be able to obtain necessary credit or, if so, on reasonable terms.
At December 31, 2021, we had $1.1 billion of fixed-rate debt outstanding. In addition, in January 2022, in connection with our acquisition of Ball Metalpack, we issued $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes and entered into a $300 million term loan facility. We also operate a $500 million commercial paper program, supported by a $750 million revolving credit facility committed by a syndicate of nine banks until June 2026. We have the contractual right to draw funds directly on the underlying bank credit facility, which could possibly occur if there were a disruption in the commercial paper market. However, if these obligations were not met, we may be forced to seek more costly or cumbersome forms of credit. Should such credit be unavailable for an extended time, it would significantly affect our ability to operate our business and execute our plans. In addition, our customers may experience liquidity problems as a result of a negative change in the economic environment, including the ability to obtain credit, that could limit their ability to purchase our products and services or satisfy their existing obligations.
In addition, our ability to issue commercial paper and access the credit markets, and the cost of these borrowings, is affected by the strength of our credit ratings and current market conditions. Failure to maintain credit ratings that are acceptable to investors, including as a result of increased leverage, may adversely affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain financing, as well as our access to the capital markets. Any downgrade in our credit rating could increase our cost of borrowing, which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, and our ability to pay dividends.
Our significant indebtedness could adversely affect our cash flow, increase our vulnerability to economic conditions, and limit or restrict our business activities.
We have incurred, and may incur in the future, significant indebtedness, including in connection with mergers or acquisitions, which may impact the manner in which we conduct business or our access to external sources of liquidity. For example, in January 2022, in connection with our acquisition of Ball Metalpack, we issued $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes and entered into a $300 million term loan facility. In addition to interest payments, a significant portion of our cash flow may need to be used to service our indebtedness, and, therefore, may not be available for use in our business. Our ability to generate cash flow is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other factors that may be beyond our control. Our indebtedness could have a significant impact on us, including, but not limited to:
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
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•requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of our cash flow available to fund working capital, acquisitions and capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes;
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry;
•restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or exploiting business opportunities;
•necessitating the divestiture of certain of our assets or businesses in order to generate cash to service our indebtedness;
•limiting our ability to continue paying dividends; or
•limiting our ability to borrow additional funds.
Certain of our debt agreements impose restrictions with respect to the maintenance of financial ratios and the disposition of assets. The most restrictive covenants currently require us to maintain a minimum level of interest coverage, and a minimum level of net worth. These restrictive covenants could adversely affect our ability to engage in certain business activities that would otherwise be in our best long-term interests.
Some of our indebtedness is subject to floating interest rates, which would result in our interest expense increasing if interest rates rise.
We on occasion utilize debt instruments with a variable rate of interest, including the $300 million term loan facility we entered into in January 2022 in connection with our acquisition of Ball Metalpack. Fluctuations in interest rates can increase borrowing costs and, depending on the magnitude of variable-rate borrowings outstanding, could potentially have a material adverse effect on our business. Variable-rate borrowings at December 31, 2021 were approximately $0.5 billion.
We may incur additional debt in the future, which could increase the risks associated with our leverage.
We are continually evaluating and pursuing acquisition opportunities and, as we have in the past, we may from time to time incur additional indebtedness to finance any such acquisitions and to fund any resulting increased operating needs. As new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks we face could increase. While we will have to effect any new financing in compliance with the agreements governing our then existing indebtedness, changes in our debt levels and or debt structure may impact our credit rating and costs to borrow, as well as constrain our future financial flexibility in the event of a deterioration in our financial operating performance or financial condition. At December 31, 2021, scheduled debt maturities in 2022 totaled $412 million, including $349 million of outstanding commercial paper.
On January 26, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Ball Metalpack for $1.35 billion in cash, subject to customary adjustments, including for working capital, cash and indebtedness. The acquisition was funded in part by proceeds from the Company's $1.2 billion green bond issuance, completed on January 21, 2022, together with borrowings under a new $300 million term loan facility and commercial paper borrowings.
Risks Related to Information Technology and Cybersecurity
We rely on our information technology, and its failure or disruption could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technologies to securely manage operations and various business functions, and we rely on diverse technologies to process, store and report information about our business, and to interact with customers, vendors and employees around the world. As with all large environments, our information technology systems may be susceptible to damage, disruption or shutdown due to natural disaster, hardware of software failure, obsolescence, cyberattack, support infrastructure failure, user errors or malfeasance resulting in malicious or accidental destruction of information or functionality, or other catastrophic events.
From time to time, we have been, and we will likely continue to be, subject to cybersecurity-related incidents.
Information system damages, disruptions, shutdowns or compromises could result in production downtimes and operational disruptions, transaction errors, loss of customers and business opportunities, legal liability, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reputational damage, reimbursement or compensatory payments, and other costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. Although we attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of technical and process-based measures, including employee training, comprehensive monitoring of our networks and systems, and maintenance of backup and protective systems, our systems, networks, products, and services remain potentially vulnerable to cyber threats. Furthermore, the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by malicious actors to obtain unauthorized access to information technology systems and networks change frequently and often are not recognizable until launched against a target. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. It is possible that we may in the future suffer a criminal attack whereby unauthorized parties gain access to our information technology networks and systems, including sensitive, confidential or proprietary data, and we may not be able to identify and respond to such an incident in a timely manner.
A security breach of customer, employee, supplier or company information may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We maintain and have access to sensitive, confidential, proprietary and personal data and information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations and customer controls. This data and information is subject to the risk of intrusion, tampering and theft. Although we develop and maintain systems to prevent such events from occurring, the development and maintenance of these systems is costly and requires ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become increasingly sophisticated. Moreover, despite our efforts to protect such sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, our facilities and systems and those of our customers, suppliers and third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, misplaced or lost data, and programming and/or user errors that could lead to the compromise of sensitive, confidential, proprietary or personal data and information. Similar security threats exist with respect to the IT systems of our lenders, suppliers, consultants, advisors and other third parties with whom we conduct business. Additionally, we provide confidential, proprietary and personal information to third parties when it is necessary to pursue business objectives and there is a risk that the confidentiality of data held by third parties may be compromised.
We continue to see increased regulation of data privacy and security and the adoption of more stringent subject matter specific state laws and national laws regulating the collection and use of data, as well as security and data breach obligations – including, for example, the General Data Protection Regulation in the EU, the Cyber Security Law in China, the General Data Protection Law in Brazil, the state of California's California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 and California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, and additional state privacy and data protection laws in Virginia and Colorado, each of which will come into full effect in 2023. It is likely that new laws and regulations will continue
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to be adopted in the United States and internationally, and existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in new ways that would affect our business. Although we take reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, the uncertainty and changes in the requirements of multiple jurisdictions may increase the cost of compliance, reduce demand for our services, restrict our ability to offer services in certain locations, and jeopardize business transactions across borders.
As a result of potential cyber threats and existing and new data protection requirements, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur ongoing operating costs as part of our efforts to protect and safeguard our sensitive, confidential, proprietary and personal data and information, and the sensitive, confidential, proprietary and personal data and information of our customers, suppliers and third-party service providers. These efforts also may divert management and employee attention from other business and growth initiatives. Failure to provide adequate privacy protections and maintain compliance with the new data privacy laws could result in interruptions or damage to our operations, legal or reputational risks, create liabilities for us, subject us to sanctions by national data protection regulators and result in significant penalties, and increase our cost of doing business, all of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Accounting, Human Resources, Financial and Business Matters and Taxation
Changes in pension plan assets or liabilities may reduce our operating results and shareholders’ equity.
We sponso r various defined benefit plans worldwide, and have an aggregate projected benefit obligation for these plans of approximately $0.5 billion as of December 31, 2021. The difference between defined benefit plan obligations and assets (the funded status of the plans) significantly affects the net periodic benefit costs and the ongoing funding requirements of the plans. Among other factors, changes in discount rates and lower-than-expected investment returns could substantially increase our future plan funding requirements and have a negative impact on our results of operations and cash flows. As of December 31, 2021, these plans hold a total of approximately $0.4 billion in assets consisting primarily of mutual funds and fixed income securities, funding a portion of th e projected benefit obligations of the plans. If the performance of these assets does not meet our assumptions, or discount rates decline, the net underfunding of the plans may increase and we may be required to contribute additional funds to these plans, and our pension expense may increase, which could adversely affect operating results and shareholders’ equity.
Our largest pension plan, the Sonoco Pension Plan for Inactive Participants (the "Inactive Plan"), was terminated effective September 30, 2019. Following completion of a limited lump sum offering in April 2021, all remaining liabilities under the Inactive Plan were settled in June 2021 through the purchase of annuities. We made additional net contributions of $124 million to the Inactive Plan in 2021 in order to be fully funded on a termination basis at the time of the annuity purchase and recognized non-cash, pretax settlement charges totaling $539 million as the lump sum payouts and annuity purchases were made.
Our ability to attract, develop and retain talented executives, managers and employees is critical to our success.
Our ability to attract, develop and retain talented employees, including executives and other key managers, is important to our business. The experience and industry contacts of our management team and other key personnel significantly benefit us, and we need expertise like theirs to carry out our business strategies and plans. We also rely on the specialized knowledge and experience of certain key technical employees. The loss of these key officers and employees, or the failure to attract and develop talented new executives, managers and employees, could have a material and adverse effect on our business. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success, and failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key officers and employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution.
Changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and SEC rules and regulations could materially impact our reported results.
U.S. GAAP and SEC accounting and reporting changes are common and have become more frequent and significant in the past several years. These changes could have significant effects on our reported results when compared to prior periods and to other companies, and may even require us to retrospectively revise prior periods from time to time. Additionally, material changes to the presentation of transactions in the consolidated financial statements could impact key ratios that analysts and credit rating agencies use to rate our company, increase our cost of borrowing, and ultimately our ability to access the credit markets in an efficient manner.
Our financial results are based upon estimates and assumptions that may differ from actual results.
In preparing our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions must be made due to certain information used in the preparation of our financial statements that is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision from data available, or is not capable of being readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. We believe that accounting for long-lived assets, pension benefit plans, contingencies and litigation, and income taxes involves the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results for all estimates could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We have a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets, and a write down would negatively impact our operating results and shareholders' equity.
At December 31, 2021, the carrying value of our goodwill and intangible assets was approximately $1.6 billion. We are required to evaluate our goodwill amounts annually, or more frequently when evidence of potential impairment exists. The impairment test requires us to analyze a number of factors and make estimates that require judgment. As a result of this testing, we have in the past recognized goodwill impairment charges, and we have identified one reporting unit that is currently at risk of a significant future impairment charge if actual results fall short of expectations. Future changes in the cost of capital, expected cash flows, changes in our business strategy, and external market conditions, among other factors, could require us to record an impairment charge for goodwill, which could lead to decreased assets and reduced net income. If a significant write down were required, the charge could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and shareholders' equity.
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Full realization of our deferred tax assets may be affected by a number of factors.
We have deferred tax assets, including U.S. and foreign operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards, employee and retiree benefit items, foreign tax credits, and other accruals not yet deductible for tax purposes. We have established valuation allowances to reduce those deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized prior to expiration of such deferred tax assets. Our ability to use these deferred tax assets depends in part upon our having future taxable income during the periods in which these temporary differences reverse or our ability to carry back any losses created by the deduction of these temporary differences. We expect to realize these assets over an extended period. However, if we were unable to generate sufficient future taxable income in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, or if there were a significant change in the time period within which the underlying temporary differences became taxable or deductible, we could be required to increase our valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets, which would increase our effective tax rate which could have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations.
Our annual effective tax rate and the amount of taxes we pay can change materially as a result of changes in U.S. and foreign tax laws, changes in the mix of our U.S. and foreign earnings, adjustments to our estimates for the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issues, and audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities.
As a large multinational corporation, we are subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and many foreign tax laws and regulations, all of which are complex and subject to significant change and varying interpretations. Changes in these laws or regulations, or any change in the position of taxing authorities regarding their application, administration or interpretation, could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of our operations. For example, in the U.S., the Biden administration has proposed several corporate tax increases, including raising the U.S. corporate income tax rate and greater taxation of international income, which, if enacted, could materially and adversely affect our tax liability. In addition, our products, and our customers’ products, are subject to import and excise duties and/or sales or value-added taxes in many jurisdictions in which we operate. Increases in these indirect taxes could affect the affordability of our products and our customers’ products, and, therefore, reduce demand.
Recently, international tax norms governing each country’s jurisdiction to tax cross-border international trade have evolved, and are expected to continue to evolve, due in part to the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project led by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the “OECD”), an international association of 36 countries including the United States, and supported by the G20. Changes in these laws and regulations, or any change in the position of tax authorities regarding their application, administration or interpretation could adversely affect our financial results. In addition, a number of countries are actively pursuing changes to their tax laws applicable to multinational corporations.
Due to widely varying tax rates in the taxing jurisdictions applicable to our business, a change in income generation to higher taxing jurisdictions or away from lower taxing jurisdictions may also have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We make estimates of the potential outcome of uncertain tax issues based on our assessment of relevant risks and facts and circumstances existing at the time, and we use these assessments to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and other tax-related accounts. These estimates are highly judgmental. Although we believe we adequately provide for any reasonably foreseeable outcome related to these matters, future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to estimated tax liabilities, which may cause our effective tax rate to fluctuate significantly.
In addition, our income tax returns are subject to regular examination by domestic and foreign tax authorities. These taxing authorities may disagree with the positions we have taken or intend to take regarding the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions. If any tax authorities were to successfully challenge the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of our operations. Furthermore, regardless of whether any such challenge is resolved in our favor, the final resolution of such matter could be expensive and time consuming to defend and/or settle. Future changes in tax law could significantly impact our provision for income taxes, the amount of taxes payable, and our deferred tax asset and liability balances.
If we fail to continue to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting at a reasonable assurance level, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, and may be required to restate previously published financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, investor confidence in our business and the trading prices of our securities.
Effective internal controls are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and to assist in the effective prevention of fraud. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud could harm our business. We are required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting annually, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We need to maintain our processes and systems and adapt them as our business grows and changes. This continuous process of maintaining and adapting our internal controls and complying with Section 404 is expensive, time-consuming and requires significant management attention. As we grow our businesses and acquire other businesses, our internal controls will become increasingly complex and we may require significantly more resources. The integration of acquired businesses, including Ball Metalpack, into our internal control over financial reporting has required, and will continue to require, significant time and resources from our management and other personnel and will increase our compliance costs. Additionally, maintaining effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is made more challenging by the fact that we have approximately 180 subsidiaries and joint ventures in 32 countries around the world. There is no assurance that, in the future, material weaknesses will not be identified that would cause management to change its current conclusion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties or litigation. In addition, failure to maintain adequate internal controls could result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition, and we may be required to restate previously published financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, investor confidence in our business and the trading prices of our securities.
18 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Risks Related to COVID-19
The direct and indirect results of the COVID-19 pandemic may adversely affect our operations, results of our operations and our financial condition.
Globally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve. Our operations and financial performance have continued to be negatively impacted to varying degrees during 2021. For example, consumer demand for certain food and household products retreated from the elevated levels of 2020 as the pantry stocking and panic buying phenomenon experienced in 2020 normalized in 2021. In addition, the supply chain constraints and labor shortages that were seen throughout the economy contributed to a negative price/cost relationship in 2021.
We expect that the future impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on the behavior of the virus and the world's reaction to it, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. New variants such as Delta, Omicron, and others have caused and have the potential to cause further outbreak and economic disruption. Additionally, the effectiveness of vaccines and containment measures to mitigate the impacts of the virus on people's health and the economy could diminish resulting in decreased demand for our products and/or disruption to our operations. Recent indications of a resurgence of the virus in certain regions and the emergence of variants of the virus for which existing vaccines could be less effective have raised concerns about the re-imposition of local restrictions on business activity and a negative effect on consumer behavior that alone, or together, could impede the Company's business.
We have experienced, and may experience in the future, lower overall demand for certain of our products due to economic uncertainty and changing consumer behaviors driven by COVID-19 or reduced demand due to our customers’ supply chain issues. We have, and may continue to, experience strong headwinds related to higher supply chain costs and tight labor market due to the continued impacts of COVID-19. Inflation continues, and may continue in the future, to be rampant resulting in higher commodity and other input costs. Our production capabilities may be disrupted if we are unable to secure sufficient supplies of raw materials, if significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, government actions or other restrictions, or if we have periods of disruptions due to deep cleaning and sanitizing our facilities. An extended period of disruption to our served markets or global supply chains could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, access to sources of liquidity and overall financial condition. In addition, an extended global recession caused by the pandemic would have an adverse impact on the Company's operations and financial condition.
On September 9, 2021, the Biden Administration announced a plan directing the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) to issue an emergency temporary standard (“ETS”) requiring all private employers with 100 or more workers to mandate COVID-19 vaccinations or a weekly test for all employees. The ETS was issued on November 5, 2021. However, on January 13, 2022, the United States Supreme Court blocked the OSHA ETS from going into effect. There may be additional action required or enforcement on the part of OSHA as it relates to vaccination or testing policies. Although we cannot currently assess the impact of such potential future enforcement action by OSHA, such regulations or similar regulations in other jurisdictions could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
There are no unresolved written comments from the SEC staff regarding the Company’s periodic or current Exchange Act reports.
Item 2. Properties
The Company’s corporate offices are owned and operated in Hartsville, South Carolina. There are approximately 300 owned and leased facilities used by the Company in 32 countries around the world. The majority of these facilities are located in North America. The most significant foreign geographic region in which the Company operates is Europe, followed by Asia.
The Company believes that its facilities have been well maintained, are generally in good condition and are suitable for the conduct of its business. The Company does not anticipate difficulty in renewing existing leases as they expire or in finding alternative facilities.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company has been named as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at several environmentally contaminated sites not owned by the Company. All of the sites are also the responsibility of other parties. The Company’s liability, if any, is shared with such other parties, but the Company’s share has not been finally determined in most cases. In some cases, the Company has cost-sharing agreements with other PRPs relating to the sharing of legal defense costs and cleanup costs for a particular site. The Company has assumed, for accrual purposes, that the other parties to these cost-sharing agreements will perform as agreed. Final resolution of some of the sites is years away, and actual costs to be incurred for these matters in future periods is likely to vary from current estimates because of the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures. Accordingly, the ultimate cost to the Company with respect to such sites, beyond what has been accrued as of December 31, 2021, cannot be determined.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had accr ued $7.4 million and $8.1 million, re spectively, related to environmental contingencies. The Company periodically reevaluates the assumptions used in determining the appropriate reserves for environmental matters as additional information becomes available and makes appropriate adjustments when warranted.
For further information about legal proceedings, see Note 16 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Other Legal Matters
Additional information regarding legal pr oceedings is provided in Note 16 to t he Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
19 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock symbol “SON.” As of December 31, 2021, there were approximately 79,000 shareholder accounts. Information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K can be found in Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Although the ultimate determination of whether to pay dividends is within the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and is based on a variety of factors, the Company currently plans to continue paying dividends consistent with historical practice as earnings and the Company's liquidity permit. Dividends per common share were $1.80 in 2021, $1.72 in 2020 and $1.70 in 2019. On February 9, 2022, the Company declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.45 per common share payable on March 10, 2022, to shareholders of record on February 23, 2022.

|  | 12/16 | 12/17 | 12/18 | 12/19 | 12/20 | 12/21
Sonoco Products Company |  | $100.00 | $103.92 | $107.11 | $128.02 | $127.04 | $127.71
S&P 500 |  | $100.00 | $121.83 | $116.49 | $153.17 | $181.35 | $233.41
Dow Jones US Containers & Packaging |  | $100.00 | $119.02 | $97.06 | $124.80 | $151.18 | $167.76

20 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The Company made the following purchases of its securities during the fourth quarter of 2021:
Issuer purchases of equity securities

Period | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased 1 |  | (b) Average Price Paid per Share |  | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | (d) Maximum Number or Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs 1
10/04/21 - 11/07/21 | 558,683 |  |  | $58.81 |  | 558,683 |  |  | $ | 163,529,035 |
11/08/21 - 12/05/21 | 417,508 |  |  | $61.21 |  | 417,508 |  |  | $ | 137,971,853 |
12/06/21 - 12/31/21 | — |  |  | $— |  | — |  |  | $ | 137,971,853 |
Total | 976,191 |  |  | $59.84 |  | 976,191 |  |  | $ | 137,971,853 |

1 | On April 20, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the Company's common stock in an aggregate amount of up to $350.0 million. On October 25, 2021, the Company entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Repurchase Plan (“Repurchase Plan") with a financial institution to repurchase outstanding shares of the Company's common stock pursuant to its Board authorized repurchase program. The Company repurchased and retired 976,191 shares for $58.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2021 prior to the termination of the Repurchase Plan's trading period on November 23, 2021.

The Company did not make any unregistered sales of its securities during 2021.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements relating to the Company's plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and resources. Such forward-looking statements should be read in conjunction with our disclosures under "Forward-Looking Statements" and under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K.
This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2021 and 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2021 and 2020. Discussions of 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
General Overview
Sonoco is a leading provider of consumer packaging, industrial products and protective packaging with approximately 300 locations in 32 countries. As previously disclosed, Sonoco changed its operating and reporting structure in January 2021 and, as a result, realigned certain of its reportable segments effective January 1, 2021. The revised structure consists of two reportable segments, Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining businesses reported as All Other. The Company's former Protective Solutions and Display and Packaging segments were eliminated and the underlying businesses and their results were grouped into All Other or, in certain cases, subsumed into the remaining two segments. Changes to the Consumer Packaging segment include moving the Plastics - Healthcare Packaging and Industrial Plastics business units to All Other. The Industrial Paper Packaging segment, previously called Paper and Industrial Converted Products, remains unchanged except that it now includes the Company's fiber protective packaging business unit which was previously included in the Protective Solutions segment. All Other includes our healthcare and protective packaging businesses, including Plastics - Healthcare, Sonoco ThermoSafe, consumer and automotive molded foam, retail security packaging, and paper amenities. Prior to the divestiture of the Company's global display and packaging operations in two separate transactions, the European contract packaging business on November 30, 2020 and the U.S. display and packaging business on April 4, 2021, these businesses were also included in All Other.
Generally, the Company serves two broad end-use markets, consumer and industrial, which, period to period, can exhibit different economic characteristics from each other. Geographically, in 2021 approximately 65% of sales were generated in the United States, 17% in Europe, 7% in Asia, 4% in Canada and 7% in other regions.
The Company is a market-share leader in many of its product lines, particularly in uncoated recycled paperboard, tubes, cores, cones and composite containers. Competition in most of the Company’s businesses is intense. Demand for the Company’s products and services is primarily driven by the overall level of consumer consumption of non-durable goods; however, certain product and service groups are tied more directly to durable goods, such as appliances, automobiles and construction. The businesses that supply and/or service consumer product companies have tended to be, on a relative basis, less impacted by economic downturns than those that service industrial markets.
The primary objective of the Company’s enterprise strategy is to be the benchmark company for yield and stability in the packaging industry. Financially, the Company’s key objectives are to grow annual base operating profit and to increase returns to shareholders over the long-term. Base operating profit is a non-GAAP financial measure reflecting adjustments to the reported GAAP operating profit for certain items. For an explanation of how and why the Company uses such non-GAAP financial measures, and the types of adjustments made, see "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below. The Company intends to deliver on these objectives by focusing its capital allocation strategy on increased internal investment into its core Consumer and Industrial businesses and by consolidating around a uniform operating model to expand the Company’s competitive advantages while simplifying its structure to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
Key focus areas for the Company's operating strategy include:
> Being strategic with capital investments while maintaining a strong balance sheet
> Expanding sustainability excellence
> Expanding operational excellence
> Expanding commercial excellence
> Expanding supply chain excellence
> Executing structural transformation.
21 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

COVID-19
Impact on Operating Results
While the social distancing response to COVID-19 has resulted in increased consumer demand for certain food and household products, COVID-19 had an overall negative impact on results in 2021 but to a much lesser extent than 2020. Consumer demand for certain food and household products retreated from the elevated levels of 2020 as the pantry stocking and panic buying phenomenon experienced in 2020 normalized in 2021. This retreat in the Consumer Packaging segment was more than offset by a return to pre-pandemic volume levels in our Industrial Paper Packaging segment. However, the supply chain constraints and labor shortages that were seen throughout the economy contributed to a negative price/cost relationship.
As the pandemic wanes, the Company expects sales volume, excluding acquisitions, to modestly increase. Sales volume of at-home food packaging is expected to continue to normalize while demand in other consumer market segments picks up. Volume in our Industrial Paper Packaging businesses as well as All Other is expected to improve. The Company expects COVID-19 induced and other inflationary pressures to flatten out in 2022 and for selling prices to improve resulting in a favorable price/cost relationship.
Financial Flexibility and Liquidity
Sonoco has maintained a strong balance sheet and substantial liquidity in the form of cash, cash equivalents and revolving credit facilities, as well as the ability to issue commercial paper and to access liquidity in the banking and debt capital markets. The following actions taken in 2021 largely related to the Company's efforts to reposition its cash balances and debt portfolio in anticipation of a waning of the COVID-19 pandemic:
•On April 5, 2021, the Company received cash proceeds totaling $79.7 million from the sale of its U.S. display and packaging business.
•On May 10, 2021, the Company paid $150 million in connection with an accelerated share repurchase agreement to repurchase shares of its common stock.
•On May 25, 2021, the Company repurchased $63.2 million of its outstanding 5.75% notes, due November 2040, for a total cash cost of $82.0 million.
•On May 25, 2021, upon maturity, the Company paid $177.8 million to retire its 1% Euro loan.
•On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into a new five-year $750 million, unsecured revolving credit facility which replaced an existing $500 million facility. Consistent with prior facilities, the new revolving credit facility supports the Company's $500 million commercial paper program.
•On August 1, 2021, the Company repaid its $250 million, 4.375% debentures without penalty ahead of their November 2021 maturity.
Following the actions above, at December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $171 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand and $750 million in committed availability under its revolving credit facility, of which $401 million was available for draw down net of $349 million of outstanding commercial paper. At December 31, 2021, scheduled debt maturities in 2022 totaled approximately $412 million, including outstanding commercial paper. The Company believes cash on hand and available credit, combined with expected net cash flows generated from operating and investing activities, will provide sufficient liquidity to cover these and other cash flow needs of the Company over the course of 2022 and beyond. For additional information concerning the Company's liquidity, including debt transactions occurring subsequent to December 31, 2021, see "Capital Resources" in this Form 10-K.
Health, Safety and Business Continuity
The health and safety of Sonoco’s associates, contractors, suppliers and the general public are a top priority. Included among the safety measures the Company implemented in consideration of COVID-19 are: conducting health screenings for personnel entering our operations, routinely cleaning high-touch surfaces, following social distancing protocols, prohibiting all non-critical business travel, and encouraging all associates who can to work from home when possible. Additionally, the Company maintains an internal site dedicated to the communication of COVID-related guidance and policies to our employees around the world.
Sonoco also has a Global Task Force to develop and implement business continuity plans to ensure its operations are as prepared as possible to be able to continue producing and shipping product to its customers without disruption. Sonoco has a diverse global supply chain and to date has not experienced significant raw material or other supply disruptions.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To assess and communicate the financial performance of the Company, Sonoco management uses, both internally and externally, certain financial performance measures that are not in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP” financial measures). These non-GAAP financial measures reflect the Company’s GAAP operating results adjusted to remove amounts, including the associated tax effects, relating to restructuring initiatives, asset impairment charges, environmental charges, acquisition/divestiture-related costs, gains or losses from the divestiture of businesses, early extinguishment of debt, property insurance recoveries in excess of recorded losses, non-operating pension costs, certain income tax events and adjustments, and other items, if any, the exclusion of which management believes improves the period-to-period comparability and analysis of the underlying financial performance of the business. The adjusted non-GAAP results are identified using the term “base,” for example, “base earnings.” Starting in the first quarter of 2022 and going forward, the Company will also include adjustments in these non-GAAP financial measures to exclude amortization expense on acquisition intangibles. This change is being made to better align the Company's definition of base earnings with those of its peers, better reflect the Company's operating performance, and increase the usefulness of such measures to the investing community.
The Company’s base financial performance measures are not in accordance with, nor an alternative for, measures conforming to generally accepted accounting principles and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Sonoco continues to provide all information required by GAAP, but it believes that evaluating its ongoing operating results may not be as useful if an investor or other user is limited to reviewing only GAAP financial measures. The Company consistently applies its non-GAAP “base” performance measures presented herein and uses them for internal planning and forecasting purposes, to evaluate its ongoing operations, and to evaluate the ultimate performance of management and each business unit against plan/forecast all the way up through the evaluation of the Chief Executive Officer’s performance by the Board of Directors. In addition, these same non-GAAP measures are used in determining incentive compensation for the entire management team and in providing earnings guidance to the investing community.
Sonoco management does not, nor does it suggest that investors should, consider these non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Sonoco presents these non-GAAP financial measures to provide users information to evaluate Sonoco’s operating results in a manner similar to how management evaluates business performance. Material limitations associated with the use of such measures are that they do not reflect all period costs included in operating expenses and may not reflect financial results that are comparable to financial results of other companies that present similar costs differently. Furthermore, the calculations of these non-GAAP measures are based on subjective determinations of management regarding the nature and classification of events and circumstances that the investor may find material and view differently. To compensate for these limitations, management believes that
22 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

it is useful in understanding and analyzing the results of the business to review both GAAP information which includes all of the items impacting financial results and the non-GAAP measures that exclude certain elements, as described above.
Restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges are a recurring item as Sonoco’s restructuring programs usually require several years to fully implement and the Company is continually seeking to take actions that could enhance its efficiency. Although recurring, these charges are subject to significant fluctuations from period to period due to the varying levels of restructuring activity and the inherent imprecision in the estimates used to recognize the impairment of assets and the wide variety of costs and taxes associated with severance and termination benefits in the countries in which the restructuring actions occur. Similarly, non-operating pension expense is a recurring item. However, this expense is subject to significant fluctuations from period to period due to changes in actuarial assumptions, global financial markets (including stock market returns and interest rate changes), plan changes, settlements, curtailments, and other changes in facts and circumstances.
Reconciliations of GAAP to base results are presented on pages 25 and 26 i n c onjunction with management’s discussion and analysis of the Company’s results of operations. Whenever reviewing a non-GAAP financial measure, readers are encouraged to review the related reconciliation to fully understand how it differs from the related GAAP measure. Reconciliations are not provided for non-GAAP measures related to future years due to the likely occurrence of one or more of the following, the timing and magnitude of which management is unable to reliably forecast: possible gains or losses on the sale of businesses or other assets, restructuring costs and restructuring-related asset impairment charges, acquisition/divestiture-related costs, and the tax effect of these items and/or other income tax-related events. These items could have a significant impact on the Company's future GAAP financial results.
2021 Overview
Management's primary focus areas in 2021 were managing through challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, generating profitable growth, improving margins, and enhancing the Company's sustainability. Overall, management was expecting relatively flat net sales. Divestitures and acquisitions were expected to have a net negative impact as sales lost due to the divestiture of the Company's European contract packaging business were expected to be greater than the full-year impact of sales added by 2020 acquisitions. This net sales decrease was expected to be mostly offset by an organic volume increase of approximately 2.0%. Overall, the Company anticipated a negative price/cost relationship as the prices of key raw materials, such as recycled fiber and plastic resins, and freight costs were expected to rise. Manufacturing and other productivity gains were expected to offset a significant portion of the negative price/cost impact and projected increases in labor and other costs. The Company expected modest gross profit margin improvement while base operating profit as a percent of sales was expected to remain flat.
In line with expectations, divestitures, net of acquisitions, decreased sales by $337.2 million. However, the Company exceeded its organic growth projection which, adjusted for the disposition of the global display and packaging business, was 2.9%. This growth combined with increased selling prices, mostly implemented to recover rising raw material and other costs, led to an overall sales increase of 6.7%.
GAAP operating profit increased $129.0 million from 2020 largely driven by lower restructuring and asset impairment charges as well as a non-recurring loss on the 2020 sale of the Company’s European contract packaging business. In 2021, the Company recorded after-tax asset impairment and restructuring charges of $8.8 million compared to $112.7 million in 2020. The 2020 charges were largely attributable to its Plastics - Food thermoforming operations on the west coast of the United States and in Mexico. Despite the increase in GAAP operating profit, total segment operating profit (referred to as base operating profit) decreased 2.2%. This decline was driven by a negative price/cost environment, increases in labor and other costs, and the negative impact of divestitures (net of acquisitions). These negative factors were only partially offset by productivity improvements and higher volumes.
Gross profit in 2021 was $1,061.9 million, compared with $1,046.3 million in 2020. Despite the small increase, gross profit as a percentage of sales declined to 19.0%, compared to 20.0% in 2020. This margin percentage reduction was the result of a negative price cost environment as the Company was unable to fully recover rising material and other operating costs. GAAP selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased $29.7 million driven by more-normalized expenses for medical benefits, strategic information technology activity, and higher acquisition and divestiture transaction costs. Despite this increase, SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales were flat in 2021 compared to 2020.
Pursuant to a resolution approved by the Company's Board of Directors, the Sonoco Pension Plan for Inactive Participants (the "Inactive Plan") was terminated effective September 30, 2019. Following completion of a limited lump-sum offering in April 2021, the Company settled all remaining liabilities under the Inactive Plan through the purchases of annuities in June 2021. The Company made additional contributions to the Inactive Plan totaling approximately $124 million in 2021 in order to be fully funded on a termination basis at the time of the annuity purchase.
Excluding settlement charges of $550.7 million, the Company recorded 2021 pension and postretirement benefit expenses of approximately $44.9 million, compared with $58.0 million during 2020. The decreased expense was primarily the result of recognizing only a partial year of expenses for the Inactive Plan due to its settlement in June 2021. The aggregate net unfunded position of the Company’s various defined benefit plans decreased to $97 million at the end of 2021 compared with $294 million at the end of 2020. This decrease reflects current-year contributions and investment returns as well as lower plan liabilities resulting from higher year-over-year discount rates.
Net (loss)/income attributable to Sonoco (GAAP earnings) was $(85.5) million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with $207.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, a year-over-year decrease of $(292.9) million, reflecting the above-mentioned pension settlement charges in 2021. GAAP earnings represented (1.5)% of sales in 2021 compared to 4.0% of sales in 2020.
Although base operating profit declined somewhat, base earnings attributable to Sonoco increased 3.0%, or $10.2 million, year over year, reflecting lower net interest expense and a lower effective base income tax rate.
The effective tax rate on GAAP earnings was 41.9%, compared with 20.7% in 2020, and the effective tax rate on base earnings was 23.6%, compared with 25.1% in 2020. The higher 2021 GAAP effective tax rate primarily resulted from a combination of the regular tax benefit recognized on the Company's reported pretax loss together with a discrete tax benefit from the realization of additional foreign tax credits generated by an amendment of the Company's 2017 US income tax return.
During 2021, the Company made significant progress on Project Horizon, a $125 million project to transform the corrugated medium machine in Hartsville, South Carolina, to produce uncoated recycled paperboard ("URB"). Project Horizon also includes a new finished goods warehouse on the Hartsville campus as well as other infrastructure improvements to the Hartsville paper manufacturing complex. Project Horizon began in the last half of 2020 and is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2022. The new URB machine is being designed with the goal of being the largest and lowest-cost producer of URB in the world, with a targeted annual production capacity of 180,000 tons, and capable of producing a wide range of high-value paper grades to service the Company's Industrial Paper Packaging businesses and external trade customers. Project Horizon is expected to drive significant annualized cost savings beginning in 2023.
On April 4, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its U.S. display and packaging business, part of the All Other group of businesses, to Hood Container Corporation for $80.0 million in cash. This business provided design, manufacturing and fulfillment of point-of-purchase displays, as well as contract packaging services, for consumer product customers and had approximately 450 employees. Its operations included eight manufacturing and fulfillment facilities and four sales and design centers.
23 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

On December 19, 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Ball Metalpack Holding, LLC ("Ball Metalpack"), a leading manufacturer of sustainable metal packaging for food and household products and the largest aerosol can producer in North America, for $1.35 billion in cash subject to customary adjustments, including for working capital, cash and indebtedness. Ball Metalpack was formed in 2018 and consists of eight manufacturing plants in the United States, and is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado. This acquisition fits the Company's strategy of investing in its core businesses as it complements our largest Consumer Packaging franchise – global rigid paper packaging. In addition, it further expands the Company's sustainable packaging portfolio with metal packaging. The acquisition of Ball Metalpack was completed on January 26, 2022. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company generated $298.7 million in cash from operations during 2021, compared with $705.6 million in 2020. The primary drivers of the decrease were the cash contributions to the Inactive Plan in 2021 to fully fund the plan prior to its settlement, and higher levels of working capital driven by increased business activity, inflation, and supply chain dynamics that affected customer demand and resulted in fluctuating inventory levels. Cash generated from operations also declined due to the payment of a portion of social security taxes previously deferred pursuant to the CARES Act and increased cash paid for taxes as the tax benefit from the 2021 funding of the Inactive Plan was deducted on the Company's 2020 tax return.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisitions
The Company completed four acquisitions during 2021 at a net cash cost of $20.7 million. On December 30, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of a recycling facility from American Recycling of Western North Carolina, LLC, a privately held company, for total cash consideration of $6.3 million. The facility, located in Asheville, North Carolina, primarily services western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina for the processing of recycled materials. On November 8, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of D&W Paper Tube Inc., a privately owned manufacturer of paper tubes and cardboard cores, serving the carpet and textile industries and consisting of two manufacturing facilities in Chatsworth, Georgia, for total cash consideration of $12.8 million. On August 3, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Allied Packaging, a privately owned manufacturer of paper packaging and related manufacturing equipment, consisting of a single manufacturing facility in Sydney, Australia, for total cash consideration of $0.8 million, and on March 8, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of TuboTec, a small tube and core operation in Brazil, for total cash consideration of $0.8 million. The financial results of all these acquired operations are included in the Company's Industrial Paper Packaging segment from the date acquired.
As discussed above, on December 19, 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Ball Metalpack. The acquisition of Ball Metalpack was completed on January 26, 2022. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about this acquisition and other subsequent events.
Divestitures
On September 30, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Plastics - Food thermoforming operation in Wilson, North Carolina to Placon for net cash proceeds of $3.5 million, resulting in the recognition of a gain on the sale of $0.1 million, before tax.
On April 4, 2021, the Company completed the divestiture of its U.S. display and packaging business, part of the All Other group of businesses, to Hood Container Corporation for $80 million in cash. This business provided design, manufacturing and fulfillment of point-of-purchase displays, as well as contract packaging services, for consumer product customers and had approximately 450 employees. Its operations included eight manufacturing and fulfillment facilities and four sales and design centers. Net cash proceeds of $79.7 million were received on April 5, 2021. The final working capital settlement occurred in the third quarter of 2021 with the Company receiving additional cash proceeds of $2.0 million and the buyer assuming certain liabilities totaling $0.8 million. As a result, the Company recognized a net loss on the sale of the U.S. display and packaging business totaling $2.8 million, before tax.
The divestiture of the U.S. display and packaging business was preceded by the November 30, 2020 divestiture of the Company's European display and packaging business. The decision to sell its global display and packaging businesses was part of the Company's efforts to simplify its operating structure to focus on growing its core Consumer and Industrial packaging businesses around the world. These sales are not expected to notably affect consolidated operating margin percentages, nor do they represent a strategic shift for the Company that will have a major effect on the entity’s operations and financial results. Consequently, the sales did not meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations. The net proceeds from the sales were used for general corporate purposes.
The Company continually assesses its operational footprint as well as its overall portfolio of businesses and may consider the divestiture of plants and/or business units it considers to be suboptimal or nonstrategic. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about acquisitions and divestitures.
Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges
Due to its geographic footprint (approximately 300 locations in 32 countries) and the cost-competitive nature of its businesses, the Company frequently seeks more cost-effective means and structures to serve its customers, to improve profitability, and to respond to fundamental changes in its markets. As such, restructuring costs have been and are expected to be a recurring component of the Company’s operating costs. The amount of these costs can vary significantly from year to year depending upon the scope and location of the restructuring activities.
24 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following table summarizes the impact of restructuring and asset impairment charges for each of the years presented:

| Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges | $ | 9,176 |  |  | $ | 67,729 |  |  | $ | 44,819 |
Other asset impairments | 5,034 |  |  | 77,851 |  |  | 15,061 |
Restructuring/Asset impairment charges | $ | 14,210 |  |  | $ | 145,580 |  |  | $ | 59,880 |

During 2021, the Company recognized severance charges for employees terminated as a result of various plant closures, employees impacted by Project Horizon, and employees whose positions were eliminated in conjunction with the Company's ongoing organizational effectiveness efforts. In addition, the Company recognized gains from the sale of real estate in the Industrial Paper Packaging segment and gains from the sale of other assets impaired in the prior year as a result of consolidations in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations. The Company recognized other asset impairment charges totaling $5.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. These charges consisted of fixed asset impairments in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations, part of the Consumer Packaging segment, and in the temperature-assured packaging business, part of the All Other group of businesses.
During 2020, the Company announced the closures of a paper mill in Canada, a paper machine in the United States, a cone operation in Europe and four tube and core plants, one in Europe and three in the United States (all part of the Industrial Paper Packaging segment); and the closure of a paperboard specialties plant in the United States (part of the All Other group of businesses). Restructuring actions in the Consumer Packaging segment included the closure of two graphic design operations, one in the United States and one in the United Kingdom, and the consolidatio n in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations on the west coast of the United States and in Mexico. This consolidation resulted in the closu re of a manufacturing facility in the United States and the conversion of a manufacturing facility in Mexico into a warehouse and distribution center. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company recognized other asset impairments totaling $77.9 million on certain long-lived, intangible, and right of use assets, primarily in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations. In addition, the Company continued to realign its cost structure, resulting in the elimination of approximately 275 positions.
The Company expects to recognize future additional costs totaling approximately $2.0 million in connection with previously announced restructuring actions. The Company believes that the majority of these charges will be incurred and paid by the end of 2022. The Company regularly evaluates its cost structure, including its manufacturing capacity, and additional restructuring actions are likely to be undertaken. Restructuring and asset impairment charges are subject to significant fluctuations from period to period due to the varying levels of restructuring activity and the inherent imprecision in the estimates used to recognize the impairment of assets and the wide variety of costs and taxes associated with severance and termination benefits in the countries in which the Company operates.
See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about restructuring activities and asset impairment charges.
Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables reconcile the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures for each of the years presented:

| For the year ended December 31, 2021
Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data | GAAP |  | Restructuring/ Asset Impairment(1) |  | Acquisition/Divestiture Related Costs(2) |  | Other Adjustments(3) |  | Base
Operating profit | $ | 486,853 |  |  | $ | 14,210 |  |  | $ | 17,722 |  |  | $ | (3,420) |  |  | $ | 515,365 |
Non-operating pension costs | 568,416 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (568,416) |  |  | — |
Interest expense, net | 59,235 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,165 |  |  | 61,400 |
Loss from the early extinguishment of debt | 20,184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,184) |  |  | — |
(Loss)/Income before income taxes | (160,982) |  |  | 14,210 |  |  | 17,722 |  |  | 583,015 |  |  | 453,965 |
(Benefit from)/Provision for income taxes | (67,430) |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | 3,535 |  |  | 165,531 |  |  | 106,999 |
(Loss)/Income before equity in earnings of affiliates | (93,552) |  |  | 8,847 |  |  | 14,187 |  |  | 417,484 |  |  | 346,966 |
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax | 10,841 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,394) |  |  | 9,447 |
Net (loss)/income | (82,711) |  |  | 8,847 |  |  | 14,187 |  |  | 416,090 |  |  | 356,413 |
Less: Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax | (2,766) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,052 |  |  | (714) |
Net (loss)/income attributable to Sonoco | (85,477) |  |  | 8,847 |  |  | 14,187 |  |  | 418,142 |  |  | 355,699 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding(4): | 99,608 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 469 |  |  | 100,077 |
Per diluted common share | $ | (0.86) |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 4.18 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |

25 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

| For the year ended December 31, 2020
Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data | GAAP |  | Restructuring/ Asset Impairment(1) |  | Acquisition Related Costs(2) |  | Other Adjustments(5) |  | Base
Operating profit | $ | 357,804 |  |  | $ | 145,580 |  |  | $ | 4,671 |  |  | $ | 18,934 |  |  | $ | 526,989 |
Non-operating pension costs | 30,142 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,142) |  |  | — |
Interest expense, net | 72,070 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,070 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 255,592 |  |  | $ | 145,580 |  |  | $ | 4,671 |  |  | $ | 49,076 |  |  | $ | 454,919 |
Provision for income taxes | 53,030 |  |  | 32,868 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | 27,126 |  |  | 114,260 |
Income before equity in earnings of affiliates | $ | 202,562 |  |  | $ | 112,712 |  |  | $ | 3,435 |  |  | $ | 21,950 |  |  | $ | 340,659 |
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax | 4,679 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,679 |
Net income | $ | 207,241 |  |  | $ | 112,712 |  |  | $ | 3,435 |  |  | $ | 21,950 |  |  | $ | 345,338 |
Less: Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax | 222 |  |  | (60) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 162 |
Net income attributable to Sonoco | $ | 207,463 |  |  | $ | 112,652 |  |  | $ | 3,435 |  |  | $ | 21,950 |  |  | $ | 345,500 |
Per diluted common share | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 3.41 |

(1) Restructuring/Asset impairment charges are a recurring item as Sonoco’s restructuring actions usually require several years to fully implement and the Company is continually seeking to take actions that could enhance its efficiency. Although recurring, these charges are subject to significant fluctuations from period to period due to the varying levels of restructuring activity and the inherent imprecision in the estimates used to recognize the impairment of assets and the wide variety of costs and taxes associated with severance and termination benefits in the countries in which the restructuring actions occur. Additionally, 2020 includes net asset impairment charges totaling $100,242 mostly related to the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations.
(2) Includes costs related to potential and actual acquisitions and divestitures.
(3) Includes non-operating pension expenses related to after-tax settlement charges of $410,417, related primarily to the settlement of the Inactive Plan in the second quarter.
(4) Due to the magnitude of certain expenses considered by management to be non-base, the Company reported a 2021 GAAP net loss attributable to Sonoco. In instances where a company incurs a net loss, including potential common shares in the denominator of a diluted earnings per-share computation will have an antidilutive effect on the per-share loss. GAAP therefore requires the exclusion of any unexercised share awards or other like instruments for purposes of calculating weighted average shares outstanding. Accordingly, the Company did not include any unexercised share awards or other like instruments in calculating weighted average shares outstanding for GAAP purposes in the table above, which resulted in basic weighted average common shares outstanding and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding being the same. However, the Company also presents base net income attributable to Sonoco, which excludes the net non-base items. In order to maintain consistency and comparability of base diluted EPS, dilutive unexercised share awards were included in the calculation to the same extent they would have been had GAAP net income attributable to Sonoco been equal to base net income attributable to Sonoco.
(5) Includes non-operating pension costs, the loss on the sale of the Company's European contract packaging business and approximately $17,400 of income tax benefits related to the sale.
Results of Operations – 2021 Versus 2020
Net (loss)/income attributable to Sonoco ("GAAP results") was a net loss of $(85.5) million ($(0.86) per diluted share) in 2021, compared with net income of $207.5 million ($2.05 per diluted share) in 2020.
The GAAP results reflect net after-tax, non-base charges totaling $441.2 million and $138.0 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. These non-base items consisted of the following:

| For the year ended
Amounts in Millions | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020
Non-Operating Pensions costs | $ | 423.5 |  | $ | 22.2 |
Net recognized benefit on 2017 amended U. S. income tax return | (30.0) |  | — |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 15.0 |  | — |
Other non-base tax charges | 15.5 | — |
Restructuring/Asset impairment charges | 8.8 |  | 112.7 |
Euro derivative gain related to Euro loan repayment | (3.3) |  | — |
Refund of foreign VAT and applicable interest | (3.1) |  | — |
Net Loss/(Gain) on divestitures of businesses | 1.2 | (2.8) |
Acquisition related costs | 14.2 |  | 3.4 |
Net all other non-base charges, after tax | (0.6) | 2.5
Total non-base charges, after tax | $ | 441.2 |  | $ | 138.0 |

Adjusted for these items, base earnings in 2021 were $355.7 million ($3.55 per diluted share), compared with $345.5 million ($3.41 per diluted share) in 2020.
Both GAAP and base earnings in 2021 reflect the negative impact of price/cost which was especially impactful to our Consumer Packaging segment and our All Other group as the Company was not able to fully recover plastic resin and steel inflation. Additionally, wage and other cost inflation, along with the negative impact of divestitures (net of acquisitions), also drove earnings down year over year. These impacts were offset
26 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

by productivity gains and volume/mix increase as a result of the global recovery as impact from the COVID-19 pandemic waned. However, just as the quarantines and lock downs at the start of the pandemic drove demand in our Consumer Packaging segment due to pantry stocking, the easing of these restrictions drove year-over-year sales declines for this segment as consumer demand lessened. GAAP earnings in 2021 were further unfavorably impacted by a $538.3 million increase in non-operating pension costs which was driven by the previously mentioned pension settlements. This was partially offset by a $131.4 million decrease in restructuring activity and asset write-offs.
The 2021 full-year effective tax rates on GAAP and base earnings were 41.9% and 23.6%, respectively, compared with 20.7% and 25.1%, respectively in 2020. The higher 2021 GAAP effective tax rate primarily resulted from a combination of the regular tax benefit recognized on the Company's reported pretax loss, together with a discrete tax benefit from the realization of additional foreign tax credits generated by an amendment of the Company's 2017 US income tax return.
Consolidated net sales for 2021 were $5.6 billion, a $353 million, or 6.7%, increase from 2020. The components of the sales change were:

($ in millions) |
Volume/mix | $ | 144 |
Selling price | 504 |
Acquisitions and divestitures, net | (337) |
Foreign currency translation and other, net | 42 |
Total sales increase | $ | 353 |

Sales volume/mix, adjusted for the display and packaging divestitures, rose approximately 2.9% driven by increases in the Industrial Paper Packaging segment and the All Other group of businesses. These increases were largely due to the global recovery from disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the Consumer Packaging segment's food packaging product lines benefited in the prior year from customers' preferences for at-home eating during the quarantines and lockdowns during the beginning of the pandemic. The easing of quarantine and lockdown restrictions in 2021 resulted in volumes declining in these businesses to levels consistent with historical sales. Selling prices were higher year over year in all segments as the Company increased prices to attempt to recover rising raw material and other costs. Divestitures, net of acquisitions, reduced comparable year-over-year sales by $337 million.
Total domestic sales we re $3.7 billion, up 7.0% from 2020, as higher selling prices and demand increases in Industrial Paper Packaging and All Other businesses located in the United States more than offset domestic divestitures and demand declines for the Company's consumer products. International sales were $1.9 billion, up 6.3% from 2020. The year-over-year increase in international sales was driven by increased sales prices and higher volumes. These increases were partially offset by lost sales from divestitures, net of acquisitions.
Costs and Expenses/Margins
Despite the impact of divestitures, cost of sales increased $337.4 million in 2021, or 8.1%, from the prior year. This increase was driven by raw material, freight, and other cost increases, as well as volume increases. Gross profit margins decreased to 19.0% in 2021 from 20.0% in the prior year as cost inflation was only partially offset by productivity improvements.
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increased $29.7 million, or 5.6%, and were 10.0% of sales compared to 10.1% of sales in 2020. The current year increase in SG&A expenses was driven by higher costs of providing medical benefits, strategic information technology activity, and higher acquisition and divestiture-related transaction costs.
GAAP operating profit was 8.7% of sales in 2021 compared to 6.8% in 2020. Base operating profit decreased to 9.2% of sales in 2021 compared to 10.1% in 2020. GAAP operating profit increased $129.0 million and base operating profit decreased $11.6 million. The increases in 2021 GAAP operating profit and operating profit margin are largely attributable to a $131.4 million decrease in restructuring and asset impairment charges as well as an $11.8 million year-over-year decrease in losses from divestitures of businesses. The decreased base operating profit margin reflects the previously mentioned decline in gross profit margin as well as higher SG&A costs.
Restructuring and asset impairment charges totaled $14.2 million and $145.6 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additional information regarding restructuring actions and asset impairments is provided in Note 4 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Additional information regarding the loss on the sale of the Company's domestic display and packaging business as well as the loss on the sale of the European contract packaging business is provided in Note 3 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-operating pension costs increased $538.3 million in 2021 to a total of $568.4 million, compared with $30.1 million in 2020. The higher year-over-year expense is primarily due to the settlement of the Inactive Plan. Service cost, a component of net periodic benefit plan expense, is reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income with approximately 75% in cost of sales and 25% in selling, general and administrative expenses. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on employee benefit plans.
Net interest expense totaled $59.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with $72.1 million in 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of lower average borrowings as a result of the Company's efforts to reposition its cash balances and debt portfolio in anticipation of a waning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
27 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Reportable Segments
The Company changed its operating and reporting structure in January 2021 and, as a result, realigned certain reportable segments effective January 1, 2021. The revised structure consists of two reportable segments, Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining businesses reported as All Other. Segment financial information for prior periods has been recast to conform to the current-year presentation.
Consolidated operating profits, reported as “Operating Profit” in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, are comprised of the following:

($ in millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Change
Segment operating profit: |  |  |  |  |
Consumer Packaging | $ | 252.8 |  |  | $ | 278.4 |  |  | (9.2) | %
Industrial Paper Packaging | 218.3 |  |  | 176.8 |  |  | 23.5 | %
All Other | 44.2 |  |  | 71.7 |  |  | (38.4) | %
Total segment operating profit | 515.3 |  |  | 526.9 |  |  | (2.2) | %
Restructuring/Asset impairment charges | (14.2) |  |  | (145.6) |  |  | (90.2) | %
Acquisition/(Divestiture)-related costs | (17.7) |  |  | (4.7) |  |  | 276.6 | %
Other non-base income/(charges), net | 3.4 |  |  | (18.9) |  |  | (118.0) | %
Consolidated operating profit* | $ | 486.8 |  |  | $ | 357.7 |  |  | 36.1 | %
*Due to rounding, amounts above may not sum to the totals presented |  |  |  |  |

Segment results viewed by Company management to evaluate segment performance do not include restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, acquisition/divestiture-related charges, gains or losses from the sale of businesses, specifically identified tax adjustments, and certain other items, if any, the exclusion of which the Company believes improves comparability and analysis. Accordingly, the term “segment operating profit” is defined as the segment’s portion of “Operating profit” excluding those items. General corporate expenses, with the exception of restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, acquisition/divestiture-related charges, net interest expense and income taxes, have been allocated as operating costs to each of the Company’s reportable segments.
See Note 18 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on reportable segments.
Consumer Packaging

($ in millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Change
Trade sales | $ | 2,368.3 |  |  | $ | 2,229.9 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Segment operating profits | 252.8 |  |  | 278.4 |  |  | (9.2) | %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 98.7 |  |  | 109.3 |  |  | (9.7) | %
Capital spending | 60.5 |  |  | 59.0 |  |  | 2.5 | %

Trade sales increased year over year due to sales price increases implemented to recover rising material and other operating costs. The year-over-year impact of acquisitions on sales totaled $21.7 million and included a full year of sales from Can Packaging, acquired August 3, 2020. These positive impacts were somewhat offset by volume/mix declines as volume erosion in rigid paper containers, driven by a return to more normal demand as eased restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic decreased consumers' preference for at-home meals. Volume/mix increases in the other businesses in the segment partially offset this year-over-year decline. Foreign currency translation increased sales by approximately $25 million year over year due to a weaker U.S. dollar. Domestic sales were approximately $1,608 million, up 1.7%, or $26 million, from 2020, while international sales were approximately $761 million, up 17.3%, or $112 million, from 2020.
Segment operating profits decreased by $25.6 million year over year and operating profit margins of 10.7% were down 181 basis points from 2020. The decreases in segment operating profits and operating profit margins were largely driven by rising material costs and volume/mix declines which were partially offset by productivity and the full-year impact of the Can Packaging acquisition.
Capital spending in the segment included numerous productivity projects and expansion of manufacturing capabilities in North America (primarily rigid paper containers and flexible packaging), Europe and Asia (primarily rigid paper containers).
Industrial Paper Packaging

($ in millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Change
Trade sales | $ | 2,464.3 |  |  | $ | 1,991.5 |  |  | 23.7 | %
Segment operating profits | 218.3 |  |  | 176.8 |  |  | 23.5 | %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 96.1 |  |  | 94.8 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Capital spending | 150.2 |  |  | 87.5 |  |  | 71.7 | %

Domestic trade sales in the segment increased $244 million, or 20.7%, to $1,422 million, while international trade sales increased $229 million, or 28.2%, to $1,043 million. The increase in both domestic and international trade sales resulted from higher selling prices implemented to cover inflation on raw materials and other costs. Additionally, strong volume/mix, especially in global tubes and cores, increased sales year over year as these businesses began to recover from the effects of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, sales grew approximately $25 million from the positive impact of a weaker U.S. dollar year over year. Segment operating profit increased year over year, driven by volume gains, strong productivity improvements, and a positive price/cost relationship.
During 2021, the Company made significant progress on Project Horizon, its $125 million investment to transform the corrugated medium machine in Hartsville, South Carolina, to produce uncoated recycled paperboard ("URB"). Project Horizon also includes a new finished goods warehouse on the Hartsville campus as well as other infrastructure improvements to the Hartsville paper manufacturing complex. Project Horizon began in the last half of 2020 and is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2022. The new URB machine is being designed with the goal of being the largest and lowest-cost producer of URB in the world, with a targeted annual production capacity of 180,000 tons and capable
28 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

of producing a wide range of high-value paper grades to service the Company's Industrial Paper Packaging businesses and external trade customers. Project Horizon is expected to drive significant annualized cost savings beginning in 2023.
In addition to Project Horizon, capital spending in the segment included modifications of several paper machines in North America, numerous productivity projects, and IT investments.
All Other

($ in millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Change
Trade sales | $ | 757.8 |  |  | $ | 1,016.1 |  |  | (25.4) | %
Segment operating profits | 44.2 |  |  | 71.7 |  |  | (38.4) | %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 44.3 |  |  | 51.2 |  |  | (13.5) | %
Capital spending | 22.8 |  |  | 24.7 |  |  | (7.7) | %

The main driver of the year-over-year decrease in sales was $361 million in divested sales related to the divestitures of the Company's European contract packaging and U.S. display and packaging businesses in November 2020 and April 2021, respectively. Strong volume/mix increases in the remaining businesses in the group as well as higher selling prices, implemented to offset higher raw material and other costs, somewhat offset divested sales.
All Other operating profit decreased year over year, driven by the display and packaging divestitures as well as a negative price/cost environment. Volume/mix gains and strong productivity improvements partially offset these losses.
Capital spending in the All Other group of businesses was mostly related to customer development and productivity related projects in North America, primarily in our molded foam protective packaging and temperature assured businesses.
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow
Operating Activities
Cash flows from operations totaled $298.7 million in 2021 and $705.6 million in 2020. Although GAAP net (loss)/income decreased $290.0 million year-over-year, the decline was essentially offset by the year-over-year impact of increases in non-cash pension costs from pension settlement charges partially offset by lower non-cash asset impairment activity in 2021. Cash pension contributions in 2021 were $163.7 million, a year-over-year increase of $123.2 million. This increase was primarily related to funding the Inactive Plan prior to settling the plan's obligations in the second quarter of 2021. Cash paid for taxes increased $68.6 million year-over-year; 2020 tax payments benefited from a deduction related to the anticipated 2021 contributions to the Inactive Plan.
Working capital consumed $107.4 million of cash in 2021 compared to providing $51.5 million in 2020. The additional cash consumption of $158.9 million was primarily driven by recovery from disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as net working capital grew throughout the year driven by increased business activity levels, inflation, and supply chain dynamics that affected customer demand and resulted in fluctuating inventory levels.While higher raw material prices increased year-end 2021 balances for both inventory and accounts payable, the Company also made pre-buys of certain raw materials in anticipation of 2022 price increases and to mitigate stock-out risk. Accounts receivable consumed $167.6 million more cash in 2021 than in 2020 due to higher fourth-quarter sales activity compared to the prior year. The Company continued to actively manage collections and saw year-over-year improvement in its already strong customer payment terms compliance; however, offsetting this benefit was an increase in the average length of customer payment terms due largely to sales mix.
Accrued expenses and other assets and liabilities used $7.3 million of cash in 2021 compared with a $56.5 million provision of cash in 2020. The year-over-year change was largely the result of a benefit in 2020 from the deferral of payments of the Company's portion of social security taxes of approximately $32 million, pursuant to the CARES Act, while 2021 reflects the subsequent payment of one half of the deferred amount. The remaining amount deferred is expected to be paid before December 2022.
Investing Activities
Cash used by investing activities was $165.9 million in 2021, compared with $126.3 million in 2020. Capital spending was $256.0 million in 2021, compared with $194.1 million in 2020, an increase of $61.9 million primarily due to spending on Project Horizon, a $125 million project to convert our corrugated medium machine to a state-of-the-art uncoated recycled paperboard machine. Spending on acquisitions used $22.2 million of cash in 2021 compared with $49.3 million in 2020. Proceeds from the sale of businesses provided $91.6 million of cash in 2021 primarily from the sale of the Company's U.S. display and packaging business, compared to $103.4 million in 2020, principally from the sale of the Company's European contract packaging business. The Company received proceeds from the sale of assets totaling $13.2 million in 2021 compared with $13.0 million in the prior year.
Financing Activities
Net cash used by financing activities increased $350.7 million year over year as financing activities used $513.5 million of cash in 2021, compared with $162.9 million in 2020. The greater use of cash reflects a year-over-year increase in share repurchases of $209.6 million pursuant to a repurchase authorization approved by the Company's Board of Directors in April 2021. The greater use of cash also reflects higher year-over-year net debt repayments of $92.9 million in 2021 compared with 2020 and $20.1 million of excess cash costs related to the early extinguishment of debt in the current year.
Cash dividends increased 3.5% to $178.6 million in 2021 compared to $172.6 million in 2020, reflecting a full year of the $0.02 per share increase in the quarterly dividend payment approved by the Board of Directors in February 2021.
The change in outstanding checks provided cash of $7.0 million in 2021 while providing $21.0 million in the prior year. The year-over-year change is the result of the timing and size of the last accounts payable check runs in December 2021 and December 2020 relative to the Company's December 31 year end. Other financing cash flows also included $4.4 million of proceeds realized from an interest rate swap in 2021, compared with $14.5 million in 2020.
29 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Capital Resources
Current assets decreased yea r over year by $171.9 million to $1,658.7 million at December 31, 2021, and current liabilities increased by $14.1 million to $1,525.8 million, resulting in a decrease in the Company’s ratio of current assets to current liabilities to 1.1 at December 31, 2021 from 1.2 at December 31, 2020. Current assets were lower due to a decrease in cash largely stemming from repurchases of the Company's common stock in 2021, contributions to the Inactive Plan, and greater year-over-year net repayments of debt. The decrease in cash was partially offset by increases in accounts receivable and inventory. Current liabilities were higher year over year primarily due to an increase in accounts payable, partially offset by a reduction in accrued expenses as a result of funding the outstanding liabilities of the Inactive Plan pursuant to settling the obligations of the plan through lump sum payments and the purchase of annuities during the second quarter of 2021.
The Company’s cash balances are held in numerous locations throughout the world. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately $154.4 million and $170.8 million, respectively, of the Company’s reported cash and cash equivalents balances of $171.0 million and $564.8 million, respectively, were held outside of the United States by its foreign subsidiaries. Cash held outside of the United States is available to meet local liquidity needs, or for capital expenditures, acquisitions, and other offshore growth opportunities. As the Company has maintained sufficient domestic liquidity through a combination of operating cash flow generation and access to bank and capital markets borrowings, we have generally considered our foreign unremitted earnings to be indefinitely invested outside the United States and currently have no plans to repatriate such earnings, other than excess cash balances that can be repatriated at minimal tax cost. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2021, the Company is not providing for taxes on these amounts for financial reporting purposes. Computation of the potential deferred tax liability associated with unremitted earnings considered to be indefinitely reinvested is not practicable.
The Company uses a notional pooling arrangement with an international bank to help manage global liquidity requirements. Under this pooling arrangement, the Company and its participating subsidiaries may maintain either a cash deposit or borrowing position through local currency accounts with the bank, so long as the aggregate position of the global pool is a notionally calculated net cash deposit. Because it maintains a security interest in the cash deposits, and has the right to offset the cash deposits against the borrowings, the bank provides the Company and its participating subsidiaries favorable interest terms on both.
The Company, as part of its ongoing efforts to improve cash flow and related liquidity, works with suppliers to improve its terms and conditions, including extending payment terms. Beginning in 2020, the Company started facilitating a voluntary supply chain financing program (the "program") to provide certain suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from the Company to the program's participating financial institution. Such sales are conducted at the sole discretion of both the suppliers and the financial institution on a non-recourse basis at a rate that leverages the credit rating of the Company and thus might be more beneficial to the supplier. No guarantees are provided by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under the program. Responsibility is limited to making payment on the terms originally negotiated with suppliers, regardless of whether those suppliers sell the receivables to the financial institution. The Company does not enter into any agreements with suppliers regarding their participation in the program. All outstanding amounts owed under the program are recorded within trade accounts payable. The amount owed to the participating financial institution under the program and included in accounts payable for continuing operations was $47 million at December 31, 2021. The Company accounts for all payments made under the program as a reduction to cash flows from operations and reports them within "changes in payable to suppliers" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The total amount settled through the program and paid by the Company to the participating financial institution was $178 million during 2021 and $50 million during 2020, the first year of the program. The Company expects that the amounts settled through the program will continue to grow in 2022 and future periods. A downgrade in the Company's credit rating or changes in the financial markets could limit financial institutions’ willingness to commit funds to, and participate in, the program. However, the Company does not believe a reduction in, or the elimination of, the program would have a material impact on its working capital or cash flows.
The Company’s total debt at December 31, 2021, was $1,611 million, a year-over-year decrease of $90 million. The year-over-year change includes the following actions taken in 2021 related to the Company's efforts to reposition its cash balances and debt portfolio in anticipation of a waning of the COVID-19 pandemic:
•On April 5, 2021, the Company received cash proceeds totaling $79.7 million from the sale of its U.S. display and packaging business.
•On May 10, 2021, the Company paid $150 million in connection with an accelerated share repurchase agreement to repurchase shares of its common stock.
•On May 25, 2021, the Company repurchased $63.2 million of its outstanding 5.75% notes, due November 2040, for a total cash cost of $82.0 million.
•On May 25, 2021, upon maturity, the Company paid $177.8 million to retire its 1% Euro loan.
•On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into a new five-year $750 million, unsecured revolving credit facility which replaced an existing $500 million facility. Consistent with prior facilities, the new revolving credit facility supports the Company's $500 million commercial paper program.
•On August 1, 2021, the Company repaid its $250 million, 4.375% debentures without penalty ahead of their November 2021 maturity.
Following the actions above, at December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $171 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand, $750 million in committed availability under its revolving credit facility, of which $401 million was available for drawdown, net of $349 million of outstanding commercial paper balances. The Company has the contractual right to dra w funds directly on the underlying revolving credit facility, which could possibly occur if there were a disruption in the commercial paper market. Scheduled debt maturities in 2022 total approximately $412 million, including outstanding commercial paper. The Company believes cash on hand and available credit, combined with expected net cash flows generated from operating and investing activities, will provide sufficient liquidity to cover these and other cash flow needs of the Company over the course of 2022 and beyond.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had scheduled debt maturities of $411.5 million in 2022, including $349.0 million of commercial paper, and had scheduled debt maturities of $8.0 million, $6.1 million and $5.3 million in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. S ee Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's contractual principal debt maturities.
On January 21, 2022, subsequent to the end of the fiscal year, the Company completed its inaugural offering of green bonds to support the Company's sustainability strategy. The aggregate principal amount of the unsecured notes totaled $1.2 billion, consisting of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 1.800% Notes due 2025, $300 million aggregate principal amount of 2.250% Notes due 2027, and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.850% Notes due 2032. Also on January 21, 2022, the Company entered into a $300 million term loan facility maturing in January 2025 with a syndicate of eight banks. The funds from this facility were drawn on January 26, 2022 and used, along with a portion of the net proceeds from the bonds and commercial paper borrowings, to fund the acquisition of Ball Metalpack, which was consummated the same day. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these subsequent events.
The Company's contractual obligation maturities for interest payments on outstanding fixed-rate, long-term debt, including the notes issued on January 21, 2022, as well as financing fees on the backstop line of credit, are expected to total approxim ate ly $76.4 million i n 2022, $78.2 million in both 2023 and 2024, and $72.2 million in 2025.
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Capital spending is expected to total approximately $325 million in 2022, higher than 2021, due to expected spending on projects that had been planned for 2021, but were delayed, anticipated capital investments at Ball Metalpack, and continued spending on Project Horizon, which is expected to total approximately $50 million in 2022. Consistent with its past practice, the Company expects to continue investing in its capital assets in subsequent periods but does not currently have significant contractual commitments.
Acquisitions and internal investments are key elements of the Company’s growth strategy. The Company believes that its cash on hand, coupled with cash generated from operations and available borrowing capacity will enable it to support this strategy. Although the Company believes that it has excess borrowing capacity beyond its current lines, there can be no assurance that such financing would be available or available on terms that are acceptable to the Company. The Company continually assesses its operational footprint as well as its overall portfolio of businesses and may consider the divestiture of plants and/or business units it considers to be suboptimal or nonstrategic. Should these efforts result in the future sale of any plants or business units, management expects to first seek to utilize the proceeds to invest in growth projects or strategic acquisitions.
The net underfunded position of the Company’s various U.S and international defined benefit pension and postretirement plans was $97 million at the end of 2021, compared with $294 million at the end of 2020. The decrease of $197 million reflects the final settlement of the liabilities of the Inactive Plan during 2021. The Inactive Plan was terminated effective September 30, 2019, and the liabilities settled through a combination of a limited lump-sum offering in April 2021 and annuity purchases in June 2021. The Company contributed approximately $164 million to its benefit plans in 2021, including $124 million to the Inactive Plan in order to be fully funded on a termination basis at the time of the annuity purchase. The Company realized a cash tax benefit of approximately $38 million in 2020 on the Inactive Plan contributions that were deductible in its 2020 income tax filings. Contributions to the Company's benefit plans in 2022, including the Sonoco Retirement Contribution ("SRC"), are expected to total approximatel y $38 million. Future funding requirements will depend largely on actual investment returns, future actuarial assumptions, legislative actions, and changes to the Company's benefit offerings.
In October 2021, the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan to eliminate the SRC and to increase the Company's 401(k) matching contribution to 100% of the first 6% of eligible contributions effective as of December 31, 2021. The amendment is expected to be neutral to total expense in 2022. However, the Company's operating cash flow is expected to be negatively affected in 2022 as it will reflect both the annual funding of the SRC earned in 2021 and the higher 401(k) matching contributions.
Total equity decreased $61 million during 2021 as other comprehensive income of $397 million and stock-based compensation of $23 million were offset by a net loss of $83 million, dividends of $180 million and share repurchases of $218 million. The primary components of other comprehensive income were a $76 million translation loss from the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar on the Company’s foreign investments and the reclassification of actuarial losses in the Company’s defined benefit plans totaling $471 million, net of tax, from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income, primarily relating to the settlement of the Inactive Plan in the second quarter of 2021.
On April 20, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the Company's common stock up to an aggregate amount of $350 million. The Company purchased a total of 3.29 million shares under this authorization during 2021 at a cost of $212 million. Accordingly, a total of $138 million remained available for share repurchases under this authorization at December 31, 2021.
Although the ultimate determination of whether to pay dividends is within the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and is based on a variety of factors, the Company plans to continue paying dividends consistent with historical practice as earnings and the Company's liquidity permit. Dividends per common sh are were $1.80 i n 2021, $1.72 in 2020 and $1.70 in 2019. On February 9, 2022, the Company declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.45 per common share payable on March 10, 2022, to shareholders of record on February 23, 2022.
The Company routinely enters into leasing arrangements for real estate (including manufacturing facilities, office space, warehouses, and packaging centers), transportation equipment (automobiles, forklifts, and trailers), and office equipment (copiers and postage machines). Lease contracts with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Leased assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation arising from the lease. Leased assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Most real estate leases, in particular, include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 50 years. For additional information regarding the Company's contractual lease obligations, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had long-term obl igations to purchase electricity and steam, which it uses in its production processes, as well as long-term purchase commitments for certain raw materials, principally old corrugated containers. For additional information regarding the Company's purchase commitment obligations, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Risk Management
As a result of operating globally, the Company is exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. The exposure is well diversified, as the Company’s facilities are located throughout the world, and the Company generally sells in the same countries where it produces with both revenue and costs transacted in the local currency. The Company monitors these exposures and may use foreign currency forward contracts and other risk management instruments to manage exposure to changes in foreign currency cash flows and the translation of monetary assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated financial statements by hedging a portion of forecasted transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies, foreign currency assets and liabilities or net investment in foreign subsidiaries. The Company’s foreign operations are exposed to political, geopolitical and cultural risks, but the risks are mitigated by diversification and the relative stability of the countries in which the Company has significant operations.
Due to the highly inflationary economy in Venezuela, the Company considers the U.S. dollar to be the functional currency of its Venezuelan operations and uses the official exchange rate when remeasuring the financial results of those operations. Economic conditions in Venezuela have worsened considerably over the past several years and there is no indication that conditions are due to improve in the foreseeable future. Further deterioration could result in the recognition of an impairment charge or a deconsolidation of the subsidiary. At December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the Company's net investment in its Venezuelan operations was approximately $1.9 million. In addition, at December 31, 2021, the Company's Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss included a cumulative translation loss of $3.8 million related to its Venezuela operations which would need to be reclassified to net income in the event of a complete exit of the business or a deconsolidation of these operations.
The Company has operations in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe that had the potential to be impacted by the exit of the U.K. from the European Union (Brexit) at the end of January 2020 and the new E.U.-U.K. Trade and Cooperation Agreement which went into effect December 31, 2020. Our U.K. operations developed contingency plans regarding potential customs clearance issues, tariffs and other uncertainties resulting from Brexit and the new agreement with the European Union. Although it is difficult to predict all of the possible future impacts to our supply chain or in our customers' downstream markets, the operational impacts subsequent to Brexit have been minor. The Company has evaluated the future potential operational impacts and uncertainties of Brexit and continues to believe that the likelihood of a material impact on our future results of operations is low. Although there are some cross-border sales made out of and into the U.K., most of what the Company produces in the U.K. is also sold in the U.K. and the same is true for continental Europe. In some cases, companies that have been
31 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

importing from Europe into the U.K. are now seeking local sources, which has actually been positive for our U.K. operations. Our annual revenue in 2021 for our U.K. businesses totaled approximately $144 million on a standalone basis. Although Brexit could have broad-reaching effects beyond just in the U.K. itself, we believe our exposure to this uncertainty is limited.
The Company is a purchaser of various raw material inputs such as recovered paper, energy, steel, aluminum and plastic resin. The Company generally does not engage in significant hedging activities for these purchases, other than for energy and, from time to time, aluminum, because there is usually a high correlation between the primary input costs and the ultimate selling price of its products. Inputs are generally purchased at market or at fixed prices that are established with individual suppliers as part of the purchase process for quantities expected to be consumed in the ordinary course of business. On occasion, where the correlation between selling price and input price is less direct, the Company may enter into derivative contracts such as futures or swaps to manage the effect of price fluctuations. In addition, the Company may, from time to time, use traditional, unleveraged interest-rate swaps to manage its mix of fixed and variable rate debt and to control its exposure to interest rate movements within select ranges.
At December 31, 2021, the Company had derivative contracts outstanding to hedge the price on a portion of anticipated natural gas purchases. These contracts, which qualify as cash flow hedges, included natural gas swaps covering approximately 1.7 million metric million British thermal units ("MMBTUs"). In addition, at December 31, 2021, the Company had certain other commodity contracts outstanding to manage the cost of anticipated natural gas purchases for which the Company does not apply hedge accounting. These contracts consist of natural gas swaps covering approximately 3.9 million MMBTUs. The Company's designated and non-designated natural gas derivative contracts total approximately 73% of anticipated natural gas usage in North America for 2022.
The Company routinely enters into forward contracts to economically hedge the currency exposure of intercompany debt and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. The Company does not apply hedge accounting treatment under ASC 815 for these instruments. As such, changes in fair value are recorded directly to income and expense in the periods that they occur. At December 31, 2021, the total notional amount of these contracts, in U.S. dollar terms, was $81 million, of which $13 million related to the Canadian dollar, $24 million to the Mexican peso, $23 million to the Polish Zloty, $7 million to the Colombian Peso, $9 million to the Euro and $5 million to all other currencies.
On January 21, 2022, the Company completed a registered public offering of unsecured bonds including $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.850% Notes due 2032 (the"2032 Notes"), maturing on February 1, 2032. On December 29, 2021, the Company entered into treasury lock derivative instruments with two banks, with a notional principal amount of $150 million each, with the risk management objective of reducing the Company's exposure to increases in the underlying Treasury index up to the date of pricing of the 2032 Notes. The fair value of the contracts was a net loss position of $(0.6) million at December 31, 2021. The derivatives were settled when the bonds priced on January 11, 2022, with the Company recognizing a gain on the settlement of $5.2 million.
The total fair market value of the Company's derivatives was a net favorable pos ition of $1.5 million and $0.6 million a t December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Derivatives are marked to fair value using published market prices, if available, or using estimated values based on current price quotes and a discounted cash flow model. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on financial instruments.
As a result of the weakening global economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company increased its allowance for cumulative expected credit losses by $0.4 million and $0.3 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively. Continued weakness in the economy may require additional charges to be recognized in future periods.
The Company is subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations in the United States and in each of the countries where we conduct business, concerning, among other matters, solid waste disposal, wastewater effluent and air emissions. Although the costs of compliance have not been significant due to the nature of the materials and processes used in manufacturing operations, such laws also make generators of hazardous wastes and their legal successors financially responsible for the cleanup of sites contaminated by those wastes. The Company has been named a potentially responsible party at several environmentally contaminated sites. These regulatory actions and a small number of private party lawsuits are believed to represent the Company’s largest potential environmental liabilities. The Company has accrued $7.4 million at December 31, 2021, compared with $8.1 million at December 31, 2020, with respect to these sites. See “Environmental Charges,” Item 3 – Legal Proceedings and Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on environmental matters.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, including but not limited to those related to inventories, bad debts, derivatives, income taxes, share-based compensation, goodwill, intangible assets, restructuring, pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental liabilities, and contingencies and litigation. Estimates and assumptions are based on historical and other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates may form the basis of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities and may not be readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The impact of and any associated risks related to estimates, assumptions and accounting policies are discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, if applicable, where such estimates, assumptions and accounting policies affect the Company’s reported and expected financial results.
The Company believes the accounting policies discussed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are critical to understanding the results of its operations. The following discussion represents those policies that involve the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Business Combinations
The Company’s acquisitions of businesses are accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations." The Company recognizes the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interests in an acquired business at their fair values as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the consideration transferred, also measured at fair value, over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The acquisition method of accounting requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding the fair values of the elements of a business combination as of the date of acquisition, including the fair values of identifiable intangible assets, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, liabilities including those related to debt, pensions and other postretirement plans, uncertain tax positions, contingent consideration and contingencies. This method also requires us to refine these estimates over a measurement period not to exceed one year to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. If we are required to adjust provisional amounts that we have recorded for the fair values of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, these adjustments could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Significant estimates and assumptions in estimating the fair value of acquired customer relationships, technology, and other identifiable intangible assets include future cash flows that we expect to generate from the acquired assets. If the subsequent actual results and updated projections of the underlying business activity change compared with the assumptions and projections used to develop these values, we could record impairment charges. In addition, we have estimated the economic lives of certain acquired assets and these lives are used to calculate depreciation and amortization expense. If our estimates of the economic lives change, depreciation or amortization expenses could be increased or decreased, or the acquired asset could be impaired.
Impairment of Long-Lived, Intangible and Other Assets
Assumptions and estimates used in the evaluation of potential impairment can result in adjustments affecting the carrying values of long-lived, intangible and other assets and the recognition of impairment expense in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets (property, plant and equipment), definite-lived intangible assets and other assets (including right of use lease assets, notes receivable and equity investments) for impairment whenever indicators of impairment exist, or when it commits to sell the asset. If the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows from a long-lived asset or definite-lived intangible asset group is less than the carrying value of that asset group, an asset impairment charge is recognized. Key assumptions and estimates used in the projection of expected future cash flows generally include price levels, sales growth, profit margins and asset life. The amount of an impairment charge, if any, is calculated as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value, generally represented by the discounted future cash flows from that asset or, in the case of assets the Company evaluates for sale, estimated sale proceeds less costs to sell. The Company takes into consideration historical data and experience together with all other relevant information available when estimating the fair values of its assets. However, fair values that could be realized in actual transactions may differ from the estimates used to evaluate impairment. In addition, changes in the assumptions and estimates may result in a different conclusion regarding impairment.
Impairment of Goodwill
The Company assesses its goodwill for impairment annually and from time to time when warranted by the facts and circumstances surrounding individual reporting units or the Company as a whole. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit's assets, including goodwill, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, an impairment charge to goodwill is recognized for the excess. The Company's reporting units are the same as, or one level below, its operating segments, as determined in accordance with ASC 350.
The Company completed its most recent annual goodwill impairment testing during the third quarter of 2021. For testing purposes, the Company performed an assessment of each reporting unit using either a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test. The qualitative evaluations considered factors such as the macroeconomic environment, Company stock price and market capitalization movement, current year operating performance as compared to prior projections, business strategy changes, and significant customer wins and losses. The quantitative tests, described further below, relied on the current outlook of reporting unit management for future operating results and took into consideration, among other things, the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future operations, specific business unit risk, the countries in which the reporting units operate, and implied fair values based on comparable trading multiples.
When performing a quantitative analysis, the Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using a discounted cash flow model based on projections of future years’ operating results and associated cash flows. The Company's assessments reflected a number of significant management assumptions and estimates including the Company's forecast of sales grow th, gross profit margins and discount rates, which are validated by observed comparable trading and transaction multiples based o n guideline public companies. The Company’s model discounts projected future cash flows, forecasted over a seven-year period, with an estimated residual growth rate. The Company’s projections incorporate management’s estimates of the most-likely expected future results. Projected future cash flows are discounted to present value using a discount rate that management believes is appropriate for the reporting unit.
The Company’s assessments, whether qualitative or quantitative, incorporate management’s expectations for the future, including forecasted growth rates and/or margin improvements. Therefore, should there be changes in the relevant facts and circumstances and/or expectations, management’s conclusions regarding goodwill impairment may change as well. Management’s projections related to revenue growth and/or margin improvements are based on a combination of factors, including expectations for volume growth with existing customers and customer retention, product expansion, changes in price/cost relationships, productivity gains, fixed cost leverage, and stability or improvement in general economic conditions.
In considering the level of uncertainty regarding the potential for goodwill impairment, management has concluded that any such impairment would, in most cases, likely be the result of adverse changes in more than one assumption. Management considers the assumptions used to be its best estimates across a range of possible outcomes based on available evidence at the time of the assessment. Other than in Plastics - Healthcare, which is discussed below, there is no specific singular event or single change in circumstances management has identified that it believes could reasonably result in a change to expected future results in any of its reporting units sufficient to result in goodwill impairment. In management’s opinion, a change of such magnitude would more likely be the result of changes to some combination of the factors identified above, a general deterioration in competitive position, introduction of a superior technology, significant unexpected changes in customer preferences, an inability to pass through significant raw material cost increases, and other such items as identified in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Although no reporting units failed the annual impairment test, in management’s opinion, the goodwill of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit is at risk of impairment in the near term if the reporting unit's operations do not perform in line with management's expectations, or if there is a negative change in the long-term outlook for the business or in other factors such as the discount rate.
33 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Although beginning to benefit from the economic recovery, the results of the Plastics – Healthcare reporting unit have been negatively impacted by end-market weakness due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the unit is facing near-term headwinds from higher raw material and other cost increases. Assuming COVID-19 infection rates continue to decline, management expects market demand will improve over the coming year and that selling price increases and/or cost reductions, including restructuring actions and investments in production efficiency projects, will mitigate the impacts of recent raw material and other cost inflation. However, should it become apparent that the ongoing post-COVID-19 recovery is likely to be significantly weaker, delayed, or prolonged compared to management’s current expectations, significant negative price/cost relationships will persist over the long-term, or profit margins do not improve as expected, goodwill impairment charges may be possible in the future. Total goodwill associated with the Plastics – Healthcare reporting unit was $64.3 million at December 31, 2021. Based on the most-recent annual impairment test, the estimated fair value of the Plastics – Healthcare reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by 13.3%.
Sensitivity Analysis
In its 2021 annual goodwill impairment analysis, projected future cash flows for the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit were discounted at 8.3%. Based on the discounted cash flow model and holding other valuation assumptions constant, projected operating profits across all future periods would have to be reduced approximately 13.0%, or the discount rate increased to 9.3%, in order for the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to fall below its carrying value.
Income Taxes
The Company follows ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, which requires a reduction of the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by recording a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not such assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets generally represent expenses that have been recognized for financial reporting purposes, but for which the corresponding tax deductions will occur in future periods. The valuation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents our best estimate of those future events. Changes in our current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those positions not meeting the more-likely-than-not standard, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Associated interest has also been recognized, where applicable.
The estimate for the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental. The Company believes it has adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcome related to these matters. However, future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to estimated tax liabilities in the period the assessments are made or resolved or when statutes of limitations on potential assessments expire. Additionally, the jurisdictions in which earnings or deductions are realized may differ from current estimates. As a result, the eventual resolution of these matters could have a different impact on the effective rate than currently reflected or expected.
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company utilizes share-based compensation in the form of restricted stock units, performance contingent restricted stock units, and other share-based awards. The amount of share-based compensation expense associated with performance contingent restricted stock units is based on estimates of future performance using measures defined in the stock plan descriptions for each award granted. As of December 31, 2021, these performance measures include the following:
•Base earnings per share — three-year sum of forecasted future and historical annual base earnings per share for the three-year measurement period associated with each award;
•Return on invested capital — three-year simple average calculated using the annual returns calculated by dividing 1) net base operating profit after tax (derived from historical or projected base earnings) by 2) the average of total historical or projected debt plus equity for the respective annual periods; and
•Return on net assets employed — three-year simple average calculated using the annual returns calculated by dividing 1) net base operating profit after tax (derived from historical or projected base earnings) by 2) the average of total historical or projected net assets for the respective annual periods.
Changes in estimates regarding the future achievement of these performance measures may result in significant fluctuations from period to period in the amount of share-based compensation expense reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
The Company has significant pension and postretirement benefit liabilities and costs that are measured using actuarial valuations. The largest of the Company's pension plans are the U.S.-based Sonoco Pension Plan (the "Active Plan") and the Inactive Plan. On July 17, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved the termination of the Inactive Plan effective September 30, 2019. Following completion of a limited lump-sum offering in the second quarter of 2021, the Company settled all remaining liabilities under the Inactive Plan in June 2021 through the purchase of annuities.
The actuarial valuations used to evaluate the plans employ key assumptions that can have a significant effect on the calculated amounts. The key assumptions used at December 31, 2021 in determining the projected benefit obligation and the accumulated benefit obligation for U.S. retirement and retiree health and life insurance plans include: discount rates of 3.05% for the Active Plan, 2.66% for the Company's non-qualified retirement plans, and 2.48% for the Company's retiree health and life insurance plan. The rate of compensation increase for the retiree health and life insurance plan was 3.01%. The key assumptions used to determine the 2021 net periodic benefit cost for U.S. retirement and retiree health and life insurance plans include: discount rates of 2.75% and 2.31% for the Active Plan and Inactive Plan, respectively, 2.28% for the non-qualified retirement plans, and 2.04% for the retiree health and life insurance plan; an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 3.27% for the Active Plan and 2.01% for the Inactive Plan; and a rate of compensation increase for the retiree health and life insurance plan of 3.03%.
During 2021, the Company recorded total pension and postretirement benefit expenses of approximately $595.6 million, compared with $58.0 million during 2020. The 2021 amount reflects non-cash settlement charges of $550.7 million, primarily related to the settlement of the Inactive Plan's liabilities. Absent the settlement charges, total pension and postretirement benefit expenses were approximately $13.1 million lower
year over year. Charges in 2021 reflect $23.3 million of expected returns on plan assets at an average assumed rate of 3.61% and interest cost of $24.4 million at a weighted-average discount rate of 2.43%. The 2020 amount reflects $51.1 million of expected returns on plan assets at an average assumed rate of 3.18% and interest cost of $51.6 million at a weighted-average discount rate of 2.76%. During 2021, the Company made contributions to its pension and postretirement plans of $163.7 million, including $124.4 million to the Inactive Plan in order to be fully funded on a termination basis at the time annuity purchases were made. Contributions in 2020 totaled $40.4 million. Contributions vary from year
34 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

to year depending on various factors, the most significant being the market value of assets and interest rates. Cumulative net actuarial losses, principally the result of low discount rates, decreased from $736 million at December 31, 2020 to $105 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to the settlement of the Inactive Plan during 2021. Remaining actuarial losses/gains outside of the 10% corridor defined by U.S. GAAP are amortized over the average remaining service life of the plan’s active participants or the average remaining life expectancy of the plan’s inactive participants if all, or almost all, of the plan’s participants are inactive.
The Company projects that total benefit plan expenses will be approximately $8 million in 2022, $588 million lower than in 2021. This decrease is due primarily to the settlement of the Inactive Plan. Contributions to the Company's benefit plans in 2022, including the Sonoco Retirement Contribution ("SRC"), are expected to total approximatel y $38 million. Future funding requirements will depend largely on actual investment returns, future actuarial assumptions, legislative actions, and changes to the Company's benefit offerings.
In October 2021, the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan to eliminate the SRC and to increase the Company's 401(k) matching contribution to 100% of the first 6% of eligible contributions effective as of December 31, 2021. The amendment is expected to be neutral to total expense in 2022. However, the Company's operating cash flow is expected to be negatively affected in 2022 as it will reflect both the annual funding of the SRC earned in 2021 and the higher 401(k) matching contributions.
The Company adjusts its discount rates at the end of each fiscal year based on yield curves of high-quality debt instruments over durations that match the expected benefit payouts of each plan. The expected rate of return assumption is derived by taking into consideration the targeted plan asset allocation, projected future returns by asset class and active investment management. A third-party asset return model was used to develop an expected range of returns on plan investments over a 12- to 15-year period, with the expected rate of return selected from a best estimate range within the total range of projected results. The Company periodically re-balances its plan asset portfolio in order to maintain the targeted allocation levels. The rate of compensation increase assumption is generally based on salary and incentive compensation increases. A key assumption for the U.S. retiree health and life insurance plan is a medical cost trend rate beginning at 8.27% for post-age 65 participants and trending down to an ultimate rate of 4.4% in 2030. The ultimate trend rate of 4.4% represents the Company’s best estimate of the long-term average annual medical cost increase over the duration of the plan’s liabilities. It provides for real growth in medical costs in excess of the overall inflation level.
The sensitivity to changes in the critical assumptions for the Company’s U.S. plans as of December 31, 2021, is as follows:

Assumption ($ in millions) | Percentage Point Change |  | Projected Benefit Obligation Higher/(Lower) |  | Annual Expense Higher/(Lower)
Discount rate | -.25 pts |  | $5.9 |  | $0.3
Expected return on assets | -.25 pts |  | N/A |  | $0.1

Other assumptions and estimates impacting the projected liabilities of these plans include inflation, participant withdrawal and mortality rates and retirement ages. The Company evaluates the assumptions used in projecting the pension and postretirement liabilities and associated expense annually. These judgments, assumptions and estimates may affect the carrying value of pension and postretirement plan net assets and liabilities and pension and postretirement plan expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s pension and postretirement plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is provided in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information regarding market risk is provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the following items and captions: “Our international operations subject us to various risks that could adversely affect our business operations and financial results” and “Currency exchange rate fluctuations may reduce operating results and shareholders' equity” in Item 1A - Risk Factors; “Risk Management” in Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; and in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are provided on pages F-1 through F-41 of this report.
35 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Sonoco Products Company
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sonoco Products Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
F-1 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Goodwill Impairment Assessment - Plastics - Healthcare Reporting Unit
As described in Notes 1 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $1.32 billion as of December 31, 2021, and the goodwill associated with the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit was $64.3 million. Management assesses goodwill for impairment annually during the third quarter, or from time to time when warranted by the facts and circumstances surrounding individual reporting units or the Company as a whole. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit’s assets, including goodwill, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess. Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on projections of future years’ operating results and associated cash flows combined with comparable trading and transaction multiples based on guideline public companies. The calculated estimated fair value of the reporting unit reflects a number of significant management assumptions and estimates including the forecast of sales growth, gross profit margins, and discount rates.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when determining the fair value measurement of the reporting unit; (ii) the significant auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to the forecast of sales growth, gross profit margins, and the discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for determining the fair value of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow model; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to the forecast of sales growth, gross profit margins, and the discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to the forecast of sales growth and gross profit margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit; (ii) the consistency with external market data; and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow model and in the evaluation of the reasonableness of the discount rate significant assumption.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Charlotte, North Carolina
February 28, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1967.
F-2 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Sonoco Products Company

(Dollars and shares in thousands) At December 31 | 2021 |  | 2020
Assets |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 170,978 |  |  | $ | 564,848 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $19,651 in 2021 and $20,920 in 2020 | 755,609 |  |  | 658,808 |
Other receivables | 95,943 |  |  | 103,636 |
Inventories |  |  |
Finished and in process | 199,823 |  |  | 167,018 |
Materials and supplies | 362,290 |  |  | 283,673 |
Prepaid expenses | 74,034 |  |  | 52,564 |
| 1,658,677 |  |  | 1,830,547 |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | 1,297,500 |  |  | 1,244,110 |
Goodwill | 1,324,501 |  |  | 1,389,255 |
Other Intangible Assets, Net | 278,143 |  |  | 321,934 |
Long-term Deferred Income Taxes | 25,818 |  |  | 42,479 |
Right of Use Asset-Operating Leases | 268,390 |  |  | 296,020 |
Other Assets | 220,206 |  |  | 152,914 |
Total Assets | $ | 5,073,235 |  |  | $ | 5,277,259 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |
Payable to suppliers | $ | 721,312 |  |  | $ | 536,939 |
Accrued expenses and other | 290,874 |  |  | 430,241 |
Accrued wages and other compensation | 90,476 |  |  | 81,248 |
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt | 411,557 |  |  | 455,784 |
Accrued taxes | 11,544 |  |  | 7,415 |
| 1,525,763 |  |  | 1,511,627 |
Long-term Debt | 1,199,106 |  |  | 1,244,440 |
Noncurrent Operating Lease Liabilities | 234,167 |  |  | 262,048 |
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | 158,265 |  |  | 171,518 |
Deferred Income Taxes | 70,482 |  |  | 86,018 |
Other Liabilities | 35,911 |  |  | 91,080 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |
Sonoco Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Serial preferred stock, no par value |  |  |
Authorized 30,000 shares |  |  |
0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 |  |  |
Common shares, no par value |  |  |
Authorized 300,000 shares |  |  |
97,370 and 100,447 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively | 7,175 |  |  | 7,175 |
Capital in excess of stated value | 119,690 |  |  | 314,056 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (359,425) |  |  | (756,842) |
Retained earnings | 2,070,005 |  |  | 2,335,216 |
Total Sonoco Shareholders’ Equity | 1,837,445 |  |  | 1,899,605 |
Noncontrolling Interests | 12,096 |  |  | 10,923 |
Total Equity | 1,849,541 |  |  | 1,910,528 |
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 5,073,235 |  |  | $ | 5,277,259 |

The Notes beginning on page F-7 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Sonoco Products Company

(Dollars and shares in thousands except per share data) Years ended December 31 | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net sales | $ | 5,590,438 |  |  | $ | 5,237,443 |  |  | $ | 5,374,207 |
Cost of sales | 4,528,528 |  |  | 4,191,104 |  |  | 4,316,378 |
Gross profit | 1,061,910 |  |  | 1,046,339 |  |  | 1,057,829 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 558,180 |  |  | 528,439 |  |  | 530,867 |
Restructuring/Asset impairment charges | 14,210 |  |  | 145,580 |  |  | 59,880 |
Loss on divestiture of business, net | 2,667 |  |  | 14,516 |  |  | — |
Operating profit | 486,853 |  |  | 357,804 |  |  | 467,082 |
Non-operating pension costs | 568,416 |  |  | 30,142 |  |  | 24,713 |
Interest expense | 63,991 |  |  | 75,046 |  |  | 66,845 |
Interest income | 4,756 |  |  | 2,976 |  |  | 5,242 |
Loss from the early extinguishment of debt | 20,184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(Loss)/Income before income taxes | (160,982) |  |  | 255,592 |  |  | 380,766 |
(Benefit from)/Provision for income taxes | (67,430) |  |  | 53,030 |  |  | 93,269 |
(Loss)/Income before equity in earnings of affiliates | (93,552) |  |  | 202,562 |  |  | 287,497 |
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax | 10,841 |  |  | 4,679 |  |  | 5,171 |
Net (loss)/income | (82,711) |  |  | 207,241 |  |  | 292,668 |
Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2,766) |  |  | 222 |  |  | (883) |
Net (loss)/income attributable to Sonoco | $ | (85,477) |  |  | $ | 207,463 |  |  | $ | 291,785 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 99,608 |  |  | 100,939 |  |  | 100,742 |
Assuming exercise of awards | — |  |  | 270 |  |  | 434 |
Diluted | 99,608 |  |  | 101,209 |  |  | 101,176 |
Per common share |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss)/income attributable to Sonoco: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.86) |  |  | $ | 2.06 |  |  | $ | 2.90 |
Diluted | $ | (0.86) |  |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 2.88 |

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Sonoco Products Company

(Dollars in thousands) Years ended December 31 | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net (loss)/ income | $ | (82,711) |  |  | $ | 207,241 |  |  | $ | 292,668 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss): |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (75,636) |  |  | 46,092 |  |  | 8,270 |
Changes in defined benefit plans, net of tax | 471,350 |  |  | 11,666 |  |  | (87,033) |
Change in derivative financial instruments, net of tax | 1,119 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 2,035 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | 396,833 |  |  | 58,083 |  |  | (76,728) |
Comprehensive income | 314,122 |  |  | 265,324 |  |  | 215,940 |
Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2,766) |  |  | 222 |  |  | (883) |
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 584 |  |  | 1,878 |  |  | 838 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Sonoco | $ | 311,940 |  |  | $ | 267,424 |  |  | $ | 215,895 |

The Notes beginning on page F-7 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN TOTAL EQUITY
Sonoco Products Company

(Dollars and shares in thousands) | Total Equity |  | Common Shares |  | Capital in Excess of Stated Value |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Non- controlling Interests
|  |  | Outstanding |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2019 | $ | 1,772,278 |  |  | 99,829 |  |  | $ | 7,175 |  |  | $ | 304,709 |  |  | $ | (740,913) |  |  | $ | 2,188,115 |  |  | $ | 13,192 |
Net income | 292,668 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 291,785 |  |  | 883 |
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Translation gain/(loss) | 8,270 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,108 |  |  |  |  | (838) |
Defined benefit plan adjustment 1 | (87,033) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (87,033) |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments 1 | 2,035 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,035 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss | (76,728) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (75,890) |  |  |  |  | (838) |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | (214) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (214) |
Dividends | (171,597) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (171,597) |  |  |
Issuance of stock awards | 1,343 |  |  | 538 |  |  |  |  | 1,343 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares repurchased | (9,608) |  |  | (169) |  |  |  |  | (9,608) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 14,334 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,334 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impact of new accounting pronouncements | (6,771) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (6,771) |  |  |
December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,815,705 |  |  | 100,198 |  |  | $ | 7,175 |  |  | $ | 310,778 |  |  | $ | (816,803) |  |  | $ | 2,301,532 |  |  | $ | 13,023 |
Net income | 207,241 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 207,463 |  |  | (222) |
Other comprehensive income/(loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Translation gain/(loss) | 46,092 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47,970 |  |  |  |  | (1,878) |
Defined benefit plan adjustment 1 | 11,666 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,666 |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments 1 | 325 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 325 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss | 58,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59,961 |  |  |  |  | (1,878) |
Dividends | (173,570) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (173,570) |  |  |
Issuance of stock awards | 1,154 |  |  | 398 |  |  |  |  | 1,154 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares repurchased | (8,483) |  |  | (149) |  |  |  |  | (8,483) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 10,607 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,607 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impact of new accounting pronouncements | (209) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (209) |  |  |
December 31, 2020 | $ | 1,910,528 |  |  | 100,447 |  |  | $ | 7,175 |  |  | $ | 314,056 |  |  | $ | (756,842) |  |  | $ | 2,335,216 |  |  | $ | 10,923 |
Net loss | (82,711) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (85,477) |  |  | 2,766 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Translation loss | (75,636) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (75,052) |  |  |  |  | (584) |
Defined benefit plan adjustment 1 | 471,350 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 471,350 |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments 1 | 1,119 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,119 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | 396,833 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 397,417 |  |  |  |  | (584) |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | (1,009) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,009) |
Dividends | (179,734) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (179,734) |  |  |
Issuance of stock awards | 1,111 |  |  | 309 |  |  |  |  | 1,111 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares repurchased | (218,085) |  |  | (3,386) |  |  |  |  | (218,085) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 22,608 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,608 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2021 | $ | 1,849,541 |  |  | 97,370 |  |  | $ | 7,175 |  |  | $ | 119,690 |  |  | $ | (359,425) |  |  | $ | 2,070,005 |  |  | $ | 12,096 |

1 | net of tax

The Notes beginning on page F-7 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Sonoco Products Company

(Dollars in thousands) Years ended December 31 | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss)/income | $ | (82,711) |  |  | $ | 207,241 |  |  | $ | 292,668 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Asset (gain)/impairment | (4,082) |  |  | 100,242 |  |  | 25,026 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 239,086 |  |  | 255,359 |  |  | 239,140 |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 20,184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on adjustment of environmental reserves | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,675) |
Share-based compensation expense | 22,608 |  |  | 10,607 |  |  | 14,334 |
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax | (10,841) |  |  | (4,679) |  |  | (5,171) |
Cash dividends from affiliated companies | 8,660 |  |  | 6,777 |  |  | 6,620 |
Net loss/(gain) on disposition of assets | 15 |  |  | (2,752) |  |  | 746 |
Net loss on divestiture of business | 2,667 |  |  | 14,516 |  |  | — |
Pension and postretirement plan expense | 595,620 |  |  | 57,973 |  |  | 52,741 |
Pension and postretirement plan contributions | (163,659) |  |  | (40,411) |  |  | (231,234) |
Net (decrease)/increase in deferred taxes | (158,836) |  |  | 573 |  |  | 16,958 |
Change in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency adjustments |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable | (149,755) |  |  | 17,853 |  |  | 59,615 |
Inventories | (130,119) |  |  | 12,125 |  |  | 2,631 |
Payable to suppliers | 172,430 |  |  | 21,487 |  |  | (25,383) |
Prepaid expenses | (13,077) |  |  | 4,754 |  |  | 4,030 |
Income taxes payable and other income tax items | (42,204) |  |  | (12,545) |  |  | (6,201) |
Accrued expenses and other assets and liabilities | (7,314) |  |  | 56,501 |  |  | (9,995) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 298,672 |  |  | 705,621 |  |  | 425,850 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (256,019) |  |  | (194,127) |  |  | (195,934) |
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (22,209) |  |  | (49,261) |  |  | (298,380) |
Proceeds from the sale of business, net | 91,569 |  |  | 103,411 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the sale of assets | 13,166 |  |  | 12,966 |  |  | 14,614 |
Other net investing activities | 7,591 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 603 |
Net cash used by investing activities | (165,902) |  |  | (126,327) |  |  | (479,097) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 172,042 |  |  | 1,121,860 |  |  | 276,843 |
Principal repayment of debt | (628,119) |  |  | (886,055) |  |  | (139,582) |
Net increase/(decrease) in commercial paper borrowings | 349,000 |  |  | (250,000) |  |  | 130,000 |
Net increase/(decrease) in outstanding checks | 6,974 |  |  | 20,950 |  |  | (4,486) |
Proceeds from interest rate swap | 4,387 |  |  | 14,480 |  |  | — |
Payment of contingent consideration | — |  |  | (3,000) |  |  | (5,500) |
Cash dividends – common | (178,622) |  |  | (172,626) |  |  | (170,253) |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | (1,009) |  |  | — |  |  | (214) |
Excess cash costs of early extinguishment of debt | (20,111) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments for share repurchases | (218,085) |  |  | (8,483) |  |  | (9,608) |
Net cash (used)/provided by financing activities | (513,543) |  |  | (162,874) |  |  | 77,200 |
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | (13,097) |  |  | 3,145 |  |  | 941 |
(Decrease)/Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (393,870) |  |  | 419,565 |  |  | 24,894 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 564,848 |  |  | 145,283 |  |  | 120,389 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 170,978 |  |  | $ | 564,848 |  |  | $ | 145,283 |
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment | $ | 27,343 |  |  | $ | 3,139 |  |  | $ | 5,342 |
Supplemental Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 68,189 |  |  | $ | 71,707 |  |  | $ | 66,768 |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds | $ | 133,610 |  |  | $ | 65,002 |  |  | $ | 82,512 |

The Notes beginning on page F-7 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Sonoco Products Company (dollars in thousands except per share data)
1. Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Sonoco Products Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Sonoco”) after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.
Investments in affiliated companies in which the Company shares control over the financial and operating decisions, but in which the Company is not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for by the equity method of accounting. Income applicable to these equity investments is reflected in “Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The aggregate carrying value of equity investments is reported in “Other Assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance She ets and totale d $54,356 and $51,938 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Affiliated companies over which the Company exercised a significant influence at December 31, 2021, included:

Entity | Ownership Interest Percentage at December 31, 2021
RTS Packaging JVCO | 35.0 | %
Cascades Conversion, Inc. | 50.0 | %
Cascades Sonoco, Inc. | 50.0 | %
Showa Products Company Ltd. | 22.2 | %
Papertech Energía, S.L. | 25.0 | %
Weidenhammer New Packaging, LLC | 40.0 | %

Also incl uded in the investment totals above is the Compan y’s 19.5% ownership in a small tubes and cores business in Chile and its 12.2% ownership in a small paper recycling business in Finland. As the Company is not able to exercise significant influence over these investees, the equity investments are accounted for under the measurement alternative (i.e., cost less impairment, adjusted for any qualifying observable price changes). These investments are not material either individually or in the aggregate.
Estimates and assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue recognition
The Company records revenue generally at a point in time when control transfers to the customer either upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of sale. Additionally, in certain cases, control transfers over time in conjunction with production where the Company is entitled to payment with margin for products produced that are customer specific and without alternative use. For products that meet these two criteria, the Company recognizes over time revenue under the input method as goods are produced. The Company commonly enters into Master Supply Arrangements with customers to provide goods and/or services over specific time periods. Customers submit purchase orders with quantities and prices to create a contract for accounting purposes. Shipping and handling expenses are considered a fulfillment cost, and included in "Cost of Sales," and freight charged to customers is included in "Net Sales" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company has rebate agreements with certain customers. These rebates are recorded as reductions of sales and are accrued using sales data and rebate percentages specific to each customer agreement. Accrued customer rebates are included in "Accrued expenses and other" in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Payment terms under the Company's arrangements are typically short term in nature. The Company provides prompt payment discounts to certain customers if invoices are paid within a predetermined period. Prompt payment discounts are determinable within a short period after the originating sale and like sales returns, are treated as a reduction of revenue.
Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts
The Company’s trade accounts receivable are non-interest bearing and are recorded at the invoiced amounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The Company performs an evaluation of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in its accounts receivable at each balance sheet date. Such an evaluation includes consideration of historical loss experience, trends in customer payment frequency, present economic conditions, and judgment about the future financial health of its customers and industry sector. The allowance for doubtful accounts is monitored on a regular basis and adjustments are made as needed to ensure that the account properly reflects the Company’s best estimate of uncollectible trade accounts receivable. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company determines that the receivable will not be recovered.
Sales to the Company’s largest custo mer accounted for approximately 4% of the Company’s net sales in 2021, 4% in 2020 and 5% in 2019, primarily in the Consumer Packaging segment. Receivables from the largest customer accounted for approximately 3% of the Company’s total trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2021 and 3% at December 31, 2020. The Company’s next largest customer comprised approximately 3% of the Co mpany’s net sales in 2021, 4% in 2020 and 4% in 2019.
Certain of the Company’s customers sponsor and actively promote multi-vendor supply chain finance arrangements and, in a limited number of cases, the Company has agreed to participate. Accordingly, approximately 10% a nd 11% of consolidated annual sales were settled under these arrangements in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
F-7 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Accounts payable and supply chain financing
The Company facilitates a voluntary supply chain financing program (the "program") to provide certain of its suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from the Company to the participating financial institution in the program. Such sales are conducted at the sole discretion of both the suppliers and the financial institution on a non-recourse basis at a rate that leverages the Company's credit rating and thus might be more beneficial to the supplier. No guarantees are provided by the Company or any of our subsidiaries under the program. The Company's responsibility is limited to making payment on the terms originally negotiated with its suppliers, regardless of whether the suppliers sell their receivables to the financial institution. The Company does not enter into any agreements with suppliers regarding their participation in the program. The amount owed to the participating financial institution under the program and included in accounts payable was $46,832 at December 31, 2021 and $38,900 at December 31, 2020.
Research and development
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include salaries and other directly related expenses. Research and development costs totaling approximately $24,100 in 2021, $22,000 in 2020 and $23,300 in 2019 are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
Restructuring and asset impairment
Costs associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized when the liability is incurred. If assets become impaired as a result of a restructuring action, the assets are written down to fair value, less estimated costs to sell, if applicable. A number of significant estimates and assumptions are involved in the determination of fair value. The Company considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates are made; however, the amounts that are ultimately realized upon the sale of divested assets may differ from the estimated fair values reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash equivalents are composed of highly liquid investments with an original maturity to the Company of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair market value. As part of its cash management system, the Company uses “zero balance” accounts to fund disbursements. Under this system, the bank balance is zero at the end of each day, while the book balance is usually a negative amount due to reconciling items such as outstanding checks. Changes in these book cash overdrafts are reported as cash flows from financing activities.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily placed with large sophisticated credit-worthy financial institutions thereby limiting the Company’s credit exposure.
Inventories
The majority of the Company's inventories are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
The last-in, first-out (LIFO) method is used for the valuation of certain of the Company’s domestic inventories, primarily metal, internally manufactured paper and paper purchased from third parties, and a pproximated 15% and 15% o f total inventories at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Inventories accounted for using the LIFO method are stated at the lower of cost or market. If the FIFO method of accounting had been used for all inventories, total inventory would have been hi gher by $22,900 and $20,371 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Property, plant and equipment
Plant assets represent the original cost of land, buildings and equipment, less depreciation, computed under the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Equipment lives generally range from 3 to 11 years, and buildings range from 15 to 40 years.
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. When properties are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the asset and related allowance accounts. Gains or losses are credited or charged to income as incurred.
Timber resources are stated at cost. Depletion is charged to operations based on the estimated number of units of timber cut during the year.
Leases
At the inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. The assessment is based on (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period, and (3) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. When the Company determines a lease exists, a leased asset and corresponding lease liability are recorded on its consolidated balance sheet. Lease contracts with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Leased assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation arising from the lease. The Company’s leased assets and liabilities may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company has lease agreements with non-lease components that relate to lease components (e.g., common area maintenance such as cleaning or landscaping, etc.). The Company accounts for each lease and any non-lease components associated with that lease as a single lease component for all underlying asset classes in accordance with the scope of the lease accounting standard.
Leased assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the implicit rate in the Company's leases is not readily determinable, the Company calculates its lease liabilities using discount rates based upon the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate, which contemplates and reflects a particular geographical region’s interest rate for the leases active within that region of the Company’s global operations. The Company further utilizes a portfolio approach by assigning a “short” rate to contracts with lease terms of 10 years or less and a “long” rate for contracts greater than 10 years. Lease payments may be fixed or variable, however, only fixed payments or in-substance fixed payments are included in determining the lease liability. Variable lease payments are recognized in operating expenses in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
The Company recognizes fixed lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the Company recognizes interest expense on the lease liability over the lease term and the finance lease asset balance is amortized on a straight-line basis.
F-8 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Goodwill
The Company assesses its goodwill for impairment annually during the third quarter, or from time to time when warranted by the facts and circumstances surrounding individual reporting units or the Company as a whole. In performing the impairment test, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. This quantitative test considers factors such as the amount by which estimated fair value exceeds current carrying value, current year operating performance as compared to prior projections, and implied fair values from comparable trading and transaction multiples.
In determining the fair value of the reporting units, management considered both the income approach and the market approach. Fair value was estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on projections of future years’ operating results and associated cash flows combined with comparable trading and transaction multiples based on guideline public companies. The calculated estimated fair value of the reporting unit reflects a number of significant management assumptions and estimates including the forecast of sales growth, gross profit margins, and discount rates. Changes in these assumptions could materially impact the estimated fair value.
The Company's projections incorporate management's best estimates of the expected future results, which include expectations related to new and retained business and future operating margins. Projected future cash flows are then discounted to present value using a discount rate management believes is commensurate with the risks inherent in the cash flows.
If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit’s assets, including goodwill, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess. Goodwill is not amortized.
Impairment of long-lived, intangible and other assets
Intangible assets are amortized, usually on a straight-line basis, over their respective useful lives, which generally range from 3 to 40 years. The Company has no intangibles with indefinite lives. The Company evaluates its intangible assets for impairment whenever indicators of impairment exist.
Assumptions and estimates used in the evaluation of potential impairment can result in adjustments affecting the carrying values of long-lived, intangible and other assets and the recognition of impairment expense in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets (property, plant and equipment), definite-lived intangible assets and other assets (including right of use lease assets, notes receivable and equity investments) for impairment whenever indicators of impairment exist, or when it commits to sell the asset. If the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows from a long-lived asset or definite-lived intangible asset group is less than the carrying value of that asset group, an asset impairment charge is recognized. Key assumptions and estimates used in the projection of expected future cash flows generally include price levels, sales growth, profit margins and asset life. The amount of an impairment charge, if any, is calculated as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value, generally represented by the discounted future cash flows from that asset or, in the case of assets the Company evaluates for sale, estimated sale proceeds less costs to sell. The Company takes into consideration historical data and experience together with all other relevant information available when estimating the fair values of its assets. However, fair values that could be realized in actual transactions may differ from the estimates used to evaluate impairment. In addition, changes in the assumptions and estimates may result in a different conclusion regarding impairment.
Income taxes
The Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting requirements and tax laws. Assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain income tax positions based on our estimate of whether it is more likely than not that additional taxes will be required and we report related interest and penalties as income taxes.
Derivatives
The Company uses derivatives to mitigate the effect of fluctuations in some of its raw material and energy costs, foreign currencies, and, from time to time, interest rates. The Company purchases commodities such as metal and energy, generally at market or at fixed prices that are established with the vendor as part of the purchase process for quantities expected to be consumed in the ordinary course of business. The Company may enter into commodity futures or swaps to manage the effect of price fluctuations. The Company may use foreign currency forward contracts and other risk management instruments to manage exposure to changes in foreign currency cash flows and the translation of monetary assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is exposed to interest-rate fluctuations as a result of using debt as a source of financing for its operations. The Company may from time to time use traditional, unleveraged interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. Additionally, the Company elected the normal purchase, normal sale scope exception for physical commodity contracts that meet the definition of a derivative. Derivative instruments, to the extent in an asset position, expose the Company to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the derivative agreements. The Company manages its exposure to counterparty credit risk through minimum credit standards, diversification of counterparties and procedures to monitor concentrations of credit risk. The Company may enter into financial derivative contracts that may contain credit-risk-related contingent features, which could result in a counterparty requesting immediate payment or demanding immediate and ongoing full overnight collateralization on derivative instruments in net liability positions.
The Company records its derivatives as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value using published market prices or estimated values based on current price and/or rate quotes and discounted estimated cash flows. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized either in net income or in other comprehensive income, depending on whether the derivative is designated in a cash flow or net investment hedging relationship or not. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. It is the Company’s policy not to speculate in derivative instruments.
Business combinations
The Company’s acquisitions of businesses are accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations." The Company recognizes the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interests in an acquired business at their fair values as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill is measured as the excess of consideration transferred, also measured at fair value, over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding the fair values of the elements of a business combination as of the date of
F-9 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

acquisition, including the fair values of identifiable intangible assets, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, liabilities including those related to debt, pensions and other postretirement plans, uncertain tax positions, contingent consideration and contingencies. This method also requires the Company to refine these estimates over a measurement period not to exceed one year to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. If the Company is required to adjust provisional amounts that were recorded for the fair values of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, these adjustments could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Significant estimates and assumptions in estimating the fair value of acquired customer relationships, technology, and other identifiable intangible assets include future cash flows that the Company expects to generate from the acquired assets, discount rate, customer attrition rate, and long-term revenue growth projections. If the subsequent actual results and updated projections of the underlying business activity change compared with the assumptions and projections used to develop these values, the Company could record impairment charges. In addition, the Company has estimated the economic lives of certain acquired assets and these lives are used to calculate depreciation and amortization expense. If the estimates of the economic lives change, depreciation or amortization expenses could be increased or decreased, or the acquired asset could be impaired.
Reportable segments
The Company identifies its reportable segments by evaluating the level of detail reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, gross profit margins, nature of products sold, nature of the production processes, type and class of customer, methods used to distribute products, and nature of the regulatory environment. Of these factors, the Company believes that the most significant in determining the aggregation of operating segments are the nature of the products and the type of customers served. The Company changed its operating and reporting structure in January 2021 and, as a result, realigned certain of its reportable segments effective January 1, 2021. The revised structure consists of two reportable segments, Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining businesses reported as All Other. Segment financial information for prior periods has been recast to conform to the current-year presentation.
Contingencies
Pursuant to U.S. GAAP for accounting for contingencies, accruals for estimated losses are recorded at the time information becomes available indicating that losses are probable and that the amounts are reasonably estimable. Amounts so accrued are not discounted.
2. New accounting pronouncements
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-08, “Business Combinations: Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities." The amendments in this Update primarily require that the acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination as if the acquirer had originated the related revenue contracts rather than at fair value as of the acquisition date. Generally, this would result in an acquirer recognizing and measuring the acquired contract assets and contract liabilities consistent with how they were recognized and measured in the acquiree's financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The amendments in this ASU are effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. An entity that early adopts in an interim period should apply the amendments (1) retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurs on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period of early application and (2) prospectively to all business combinations that occur on or after the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2021-08's adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting". ASU 2020-04 is intended to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to applying U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform,” to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. The relief offered by the guidance in both ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01, if adopted, is available to companies for the period March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We do not expect that the market transition of LIBOR to SOFR will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 "Income Taxes, (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". This ASU removes certain exceptions from recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. It also reduces complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 were effective for the Company as of January 1, 2021, and their adoption did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," which requires measurement and recognition of expected versus incurred credit losses for financial assets held. The measurement of expected credit losses should be based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $209, an increase to the allowance for doubtful accounts of $279, and a decrease to deferred income tax liabilities of $70 as of January 1, 2020.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases," requiring lessees to recognize on the balance sheet a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all long-term leases and requiring disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition method and elected to apply the optional transition approach prescribed by ASU 2018-11 which allows entities to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date, without adjusting comparative periods. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet right of use assets totaling $336,083 and lease liabilities totaling $344,362, as well as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $6,771 and a $1,508 reduction to deferred tax liabilities.
Other than the pronouncements discussed above, there have been no other newly issued nor newly applicable accounting pronouncements that have had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. Further, at December 31, 2021, there were no other pronouncements pending adoption that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
F-10 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

3. Acquisitions and divestitures
Acquisitions
On December 19, 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Ball Metalpack Holding, LLC ("Ball Metalpack"), a leading manufacturer of sustainable metal packaging for food and household products and the largest aerosol can producer in North America, for $1,350,000 in cash subject to customary adjustments, including for working capital, cash and indebtedness. Ball Metalpack was a joint venture owned by Platinum Equity (51%) and Ball Corporation (49%). Previously part of Ball Corporation, Ball Metalpack was formed in 2018 and consists of eight manufacturing plants in the United States and a headquarters facility in Broomfield, Colorado. This acquisition fits the Company's strategy of investing in its core businesses as it complements its largest Consumer Packaging franchise – global rigid paper packaging. In addition, it further expands the Company's sustainable packaging portfolio with metal packaging. The acquisition of Ball Metalpack was completed on January 26, 2022. See Note 20 for additional information.
The Company completed four acquisitions during 2021 at a net cash cost of $20,697. On December 30, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of a recycling facility from American Recycling of Western North Carolina, LLC ("American Recycling"), a privately held company, for total cash consideration of $6,267. The facility, located in Asheville, North Carolina, primarily services western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina for the processing of recycled materials. On November 8, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of D&W Paper Tube Inc. ("D&W"), a privately owned manufacturer of paper tubes and cardboard cores, serving the carpet and textile industries and consisting of two manufacturing facilities in Chatsworth, Georgia, for total cash consideration of $12,787.
The preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the American Recycling and D&W acquisitions are as follows:

| American Recycling |  | D&W
Trade accounts receivable | $ | 685 |  |  | $ | — |
Inventories | 169 |  |  | 934 |
Property, plant and equipment | 2,726 |  |  | 929 |
Goodwill | 989 |  |  | 4,108 |
Other intangible assets | 2,236 |  |  | 7,100 |
Payable to suppliers | (373) |  |  | (284) |
Other net tangible liabilities | (165) |  |  | — |
Net Assets | $ | 6,267 |  |  | $ | 12,787 |

The allocation of the purchase price of American Recycling and D&W to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was based on the Company's preliminary estimates of fair value, relying on information currently available. Management is continuing to finalize its valuations of certain assets and liabilities listed in the table above, and expects to complete its valuations within one year from their respective dates of acquisition. Goodwill for American Recycling and D&W, all of which is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes, consists of increased access to certain markets and the assembled workforce.
The Company also completed two smaller acquisitions earlier in 2021. These included Allied Packaging on August 3, 2021, a manufacturer of paper packaging and related manufacturing equipment, consisting of a single manufacturing facility in Sydney, Australia, for total cash consideration of $802, and TuboTec on March 8, 2021, a small tube and core operation in Brazil, for total cash consideration of $841.
The financial results of all the businesses acquired in 2021 are included in the Company's Industrial Paper Packaging segment from the date acquired. The Company does not believe that the results of the businesses acquired in 2021 were material to the years presented, individually or in the aggregate, and are therefore not subject to the supplemental pro-forma information required by ASC 805. Accordingly, this information is not presented herein.
The Company completed two acquisitions during 2020 at a net cash cost of $49,446. On August 3, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Can Packaging, a privately owned designer and manufacturer of sustainable paper packaging and related manufacturing equipment, based in Habsheim, France, for $45,473, net of cash acquired. Can Packaging operates two paper can manufacturing facilities in France, along with a research and development center where it designs and builds patented packaging machines and sealing equipment. The acquisition of Can Packaging expands Sonoco's ability to provide innovative recyclable packaging in various shapes and sizes. Goodwill for Can Packaging, none of which is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes, consists of increased access to certain markets. Can Packaging's financial results from the date acquired are included in the Company's Consumer Packaging segment. Final consideration was subject to a post-closing adjustment for the change in working capital to the date of closing. This settlement occurred in January 2021 and resulted in the Company making an additional cash payment of $1,512.
On January 10, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of a small tube and core operation in Jacksonville, Florida, from Design Containers, Inc. ("Jacksonville"), for total cash consideration of $3,973. Goodwill for Jacksonville, all of which is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes, consists of increased access to certain markets. Jacksonville's financial results from the date acquired are included in the Company's Industrial Paper Packaging segment.
The Company does not believe that the results of the businesses acquired in 2020 were material to the years presented, individually or in the aggregate, and are therefore not subject to the requirements to provide supplemental pro-forma information. Accordingly, this information is not presented herein.
The Company completed two acquisitions during 2019 at a net cash cost of $297,926. On December 31, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Thermoform Engineered Quality, LLC, and Plastique Holdings, LTD, (together "TEQ"), for $187,292, net of cash acquired. The operations acquired consist of three thermoforming and extrusion facilities in the United States along with a thermoforming operation in the United Kingdom and thermoforming and molded-fiber manufacturing operation in Poland. The acquisition of TEQ provided a platform to further expand Sonoco's healthcare packaging business. Final consideration was subject to a post-closing adjustment for the change in working capital to the date of closing. This adjustment was settled in April 2020 resulting in the receipt of cash from the sellers totaling $185.
On August 9, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Corenso Holdings America, Inc. ("Corenso") for $110,634, net of cash acquired. Corenso is a leading manufacturer of uncoated recycled paperboard (URB) and high-performance cores used in the paper, packaging films, tape, and specialty industries. Corenso operates a 108,000-ton per year URB mill and core converting facility in Wisconsin Rapids,
F-11 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Wisconsin, as well as a core converting facility in Richmond, Virginia, expanding the Company's ability to produce a wide variety of sustainable coreboard grades.
Goodwill for both TEQ and Corenso is comprised of the assembled workforce and increased access to certain markets. The amount of goodwill expected to be deductible for income tax purposes is $59,005 for TEQ and $0 for Corenso. The results of operations of TEQ and Corenso are reflected in the Company's Consumer Packaging segment and the Industrial Paper Packaging segment, respectively.
The Company does not believe that the results of the businesses acquired in 2019 were material to the years presented, individually or in the aggregate, and are therefore not subject to the supplemental pro-forma information required by ASC 805. Accordingly, this information is not presented herein.
Divestitures
On April 4, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its U.S. display and packaging business, part of the All Other group of businesses, to Hood Container Corporation for $80,000 in cash. This business provided design, manufacturing and fulfillment of point-of-purchase displays, as well as contract packaging services, for consumer product customers and had approximately 450 employees. Its operations included eight manufacturing and fulfillment facilities and four sales and design centers.
The selling price was adjusted at closing for certain transaction expenses and for anticipated differences between targeted levels of working capital and the projected levels at the time of closing. Net cash proceeds of $79,704 were received on April 5, 2021 and the Company recognized a loss on the divestiture of this business of $5,516, before tax, in the first quarter of 2021. During the quarter ended October 3, 2021, the Company finalized the working capital settlement related to this sale. The settlement resulted in additional cash proceeds of $1,971 and the buyer's assumption of certain liabilities totaling $786. As a result, the Company recognized a reduction in the previously reported loss on the sale of this business of $2,757, before tax, in the third quarter of 2021, bringing the total loss on the sale of business to $2,759, before tax.
On September 30, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Plastics - Food thermoforming operation in Wilson, North Carolina ("Wilson Thermoforming") to Placon for net cash proceeds of $3,528, resulting in the recognition of a pre-tax gain on the sale of $92.
Assets and liabilities disposed of in the sales of U.S. Display and Packaging and Wilson Thermoforming included the following:

| U.S. Display and Packaging |  | Wilson Thermoforming |
Trade accounts receivable | $ | 26,342 |  |  | $ | — |  |
Inventories | 8,434 |  |  | 1,805 |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 9,551 |  |  | 550 |  |
Right of use asset - operating leases | 11,627 |  |  | 147 |  |
Goodwill | 53,039 |  |  | 1,058 |  |
Trade accounts payable | (10,735) |  |  | — |  |
Accrued expenses | (2,197) |  |  | (54) |  |
Operating lease liabilities | (12,343) |  |  | (70) |  |
Other net tangible assets | 716 |  |  | — |  |
Net asset disposal | $ | 84,434 |  |  | $ | 3,436 |  |
Net proceeds | 81,675 |  |  | 3,528 |  |
Loss/(Gain) on divestiture of business | $ | 2,759 |  |  | $ | (92) |  |

As previously disclosed, the Company completed the divestiture of its European contract packaging business, Sonoco Poland Packaging Services Sp. z.o.o., on November 30, 2020. The selling price of $120,000 was adjusted at closing for certain indebtedness assumed by the buyer and for anticipated differences between targeted levels of working capital and the projected levels at the time of closing. The Company received net cash proceeds at closing of $105,913, with the buyer funding an escrow account with an additional $4,600. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company received $6,366 in additional proceeds from the sale, which included the release of $4,000 from escrow plus a post-closing adjustment of $2,366 for the working capital settlement. The remaining $600 in escrow is expected to be released in the second quarter of 2022, pending any indemnity claims. The receipt of the additional cash proceeds is reflected in "Proceeds from the sale of businesses, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The decision to sell its global display and packaging businesses was part of the Company's efforts to simplify its operating structure to focus on growing its core Consumer and Industrial packaging businesses around the world. These sales are not expected to notably affect consolidated operating margin percentages, nor do they represent a strategic shift for the Company that will have a major effect on the entity’s operations and financial results. Consequently, the sales did not meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations. The net proceeds from the sales were used for general corporate purposes. There were no divestitures during 2019.
The Company continually assesses its operational footprint as well as its overall portfolio of businesses and may consider the divestiture of plants and/or business units it considers to be suboptimal or nonstrategic.
Acquisition and Divestiture-Related Costs
Acquisition and divestiture-related costs of $17,722, $4,671 and $8,842 were incurred in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These costs, consisting primarily of legal and professional fees, are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
F-12 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

4. Restructuring and asset impairment
Due to its geographic footprint and the cost-competitive nature of its businesses, the Company is constantly seeking more cost-effective means and structures to serve its customers and to respond to fundamental changes in its markets. As such, restructuring costs have been and are expected to be a recurring component of the Company's operating costs. The amount of these costs can vary significantly from year to year depending upon the scope, nature, and location of the restructuring activities.
Following are the total restructuring and asset impairment charges, net of adjustments, recognized during the periods presented:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges | $ | 9,176 |  |  | $ | 67,729 |  |  | $ | 44,819 |
Other asset impairments | 5,034 |  |  | 77,851 |  |  | 15,061 |
Restructuring/Asset impairment charges | $ | 14,210 |  |  | $ | 145,580 |  |  | $ | 59,880 |

The table below sets forth restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges by type incurred:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Severance and Termination Benefits | $ | 13,097 |  |  | $ | 36,997 |  |  | $ | 24,864 |
Asset Impairment/Disposal of Assets | (9,116) |  |  | 22,394 |  |  | 9,674 |
Other Costs | 5,195 |  |  | 8,338 |  |  | 10,281 |
Total restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges | $ | 9,176 |  |  | $ | 67,729 |  |  | $ | 44,819 |

The table below sets forth restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges by reportable segment:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Consumer Packaging | 3,427 |  |  | 25,548 |  |  | $ | 32,971 |
Industrial Paper Packaging | (1,642) |  |  | 32,691 |  |  | 5,148 |
All Other | 2,969 |  |  | 7,266 |  |  | 4,636 |
Corporate | 4,422 |  |  | 2,224 |  |  | 2,064 |
Total restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges | $ | 9,176 |  |  | $ | 67,729 |  |  | $ | 44,819 |

"Restructuring and restructuring-related asset impairment charges" and "Other asset impairments" are included in “Restructuring/Asset impairment charges” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table sets forth the activity in the restructuring accrual included in “Accrued expenses and other” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Accrual Activity | Severance and Termination Benefits |  | Asset Impairment/ Disposal of Assets |  | Other Costs |  | Total
Liability, December 31, 2019 | $ | 10,765 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 592 |  |  | $ | 11,357 |
2020 charges | 36,997 |  |  | 22,394 |  |  | 8,338 |  |  | 67,729 |
Cash (payments)/receipts | (32,189) |  |  | 6,963 |  |  | (9,570) |  |  | (34,796) |
Asset write downs/disposals | — |  |  | (29,357) |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | (28,214) |
Foreign currency translation | 382 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 390 |
Liability, December 31, 2020 | $ | 15,955 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 16,466 |
2021 charges | 13,097 |  |  | (9,116) |  |  | 5,195 |  |  | 9,176 |
Cash (payments)/receipts | (17,828) |  |  | 15,308 |  |  | (6,313) |  |  | (8,833) |
Asset write downs/disposals | — |  |  | (6,192) |  |  | 2,479 |  |  | (3,713) |
Foreign currency translation | (307) |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (306) |
Liability, December 31, 2021 | $ | 10,917 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,873 |  |  | $ | 12,790 |

"Severance and Termination Benefits" in 2021 include the cost of severance provided to employees terminated as the result of various plant closures, as well as certain employees impacted by Project Horizon who accepted severance packages in December 2021. Severance costs were also incurred for certain employees as a result of the sale of the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations in the United States (part of the Consumer Packaging segment). In addition, the charges include the cost of severance for approximately 315 employees whose positions were eliminated in conjunction with the Company's ongoing organizational effectiveness efforts.
F-13 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

"Severance and Termination Benefits" in 2020 include the cost of severance provided to employees terminated as the result of the closures of a paper mill in Canada, a paper machine in the United States, a cone operation in Europe, and four tube and core plants, one in Europe and three in the United States (all part of the Industrial Paper Packaging segment); the closure of a paperboard specialties plant in the United States (part of the All Other group of businesses); and the clo sure of two graphic design operations, one in the United States and one in the United Kingdom (part of the Consumer Packaging segment). Severance costs were also incurred in the Consumer Packaging segment as a result of consolidation efforts in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations on the west coast of the United States and Mexico. This consolidation resulted in the closure of a manufacturing facility in the United States and the conversion of a manufacturing facility in Mexico into a warehouse and distribution center. In addition, the charges include the cost of severance for approximately 275 employees whose positions were eliminated in conjunction with the Company's ongoing organizational effectiveness efforts.
"Asset Impairment/Disposal of Assets" recognized in 2021 consists primarily of gains from the sale of real estate in the Industrial Paper Packaging segment, and gains from the sale of other assets impaired in the prior year as a result of consolidations in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operatio ns.
"Asset Impairment/Disposal of Assets" in 2020 consisted of asset impairment charges resulting from consolidations in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations, the closure of a paper mill in Canada, the closure of a paper machine in the United States, the closure of a graphic design operation in the United States, and various other restructuring actions during the year. These losses were partially offset by gains from the sales of a tubes and core facility in the United States and several other buildings associated with previously closed facilities.
"Other Costs" in 2021 and 2020 consist primarily of costs related to plant closures including equipment removal, utilities, plant security, property taxes and insurance.
The Company expects to pay the majority of the remaining restructuring reserves by the end of 2022 using cash generated from operations. The Company also expects to recognize future additional charges totaling approximately $2,000 in connection with previously announced restructuring actions and believes that the majority of these charges will be incurred and paid by the end of 2022. The Company continually evaluates its cost structure, including its manufacturing capacity, and additional restructuring actions are likely to be undertaken.
Other Asset Impairments
The Company recognized other asset impairment charges totaling $5,034 in the year ended December 31, 2021. These charges consisted of fixed asset impairments totaling $2,635 in the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations, part of the Consumer Packaging segment, and $2,399 in the temperature-assured packaging business, part of the All Other group of businesses. The assets were impaired as the value of their projected undiscounted cash flows was determined to no longer be sufficient to recover their carrying value.
The Company recognized other asset impairment charges totaling $77,851 in 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2020, management concluded that certain long-lived assets of the Company's Plastics - Food thermoforming operations, part of the Consumer Packaging segment, were impaired as the projected undiscounted cash flows from these assets were not sufficient to recover their carrying value. As a result, the Company recognized pretax impairment charges of $39,604 on intangible assets, $22,899 on fixed assets, and $9,714 on leased assets for a total of $72,217. In addition, the Company recognized impairment charges totaling $2,155 related to certain intangible assets within the temperature-assured packaging business, part of the All Other group of businesses, as the value of the projected undiscounted cash flows from these assets was no longer sufficient to recover their carrying values, $2,563 related to fixed assets that were determined to be obsolete due to a change in strategy within the global Rigid Paper Containers business, part of the Consumer Packaging segment, and $916 related to certain buildings and inventory at its Hartsville manufacturing complex, part of the Industrial Paper Packaging segment, that were determined to have been rendered obsolete by the Company's new Project Horizon initiative.
These asset impairment charges are included in “Restructuring/Asset impairment charges” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
5. Book overdrafts and cash pooling
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, outstanding checks totaling $36,759 and $29,719, respectively, were included in “Payable to suppliers” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, outstanding payroll checks of $0 and $65 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were included in “Accrued wages and other compensation” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company uses a notional pooling arrangement with an international bank to help manage global liquidity requirements. Under this pooling arrangement, the Company and its participating subsidiaries may maintain either cash deposit or borrowing positions through local currency accounts with the bank, so long as the aggregate position of the global pool is a notionally calculated net cash deposit. Because it maintains a security interest in the cash deposits, and has the right to offset the cash deposits against the borrowings, the bank provides the Company and its participating subsidiaries favorable interest terms on both. The Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets reflect a net cash deposit under this pooling arrangement of $19,502 and $4,809 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
6. Property, plant and equipment
Details of the Company's property, plant and equipment at December 31 are as follows:

| 2021 |  | 2020
Land | $ | 112,714 |  |  | $ | 119,262 |
Timber resources | 42,355 |  |  | 42,310 |
Buildings | 550,497 |  |  | 566,529 |
Machinery and equipment | 3,179,781 |  |  | 3,191,008 |
Construction in progress | 237,056 |  |  | 132,223 |
| 4,122,402 |  |  | 4,051,332 |
Accumulated depreciation and depletion | (2,824,902) |  |  | (2,807,222) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 1,297,500 |  |  | $ | 1,244,110 |

Depreciation and depletion expense amounted to $189,667 in 2021, $201,004 in 2020 and $186,540 in 2019.
F-14 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

7. Leases
The Company routinely enters into leasing arrangements for real estate (including manufacturing facilities, office space, and warehouses), transportation equipment (automobiles, forklifts, and trailers), and office equipment (copiers and postage machines). The assessment of the certainty associated with the exercise of various lease renewal, termination, and purchase options included in the Company's lease contracts is at the Company's sole discretion. Most real estate leases, in particular, include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 50 years. The Company's leases do not have any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
The following table sets forth the balance sheet location and values of the Company’s lease assets and lease liabilities at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Classification |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Lease Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease assets |  | Right of Use Asset - Operating Leases |  | $ | 268,390 |  |  | $ | 296,020 |
Finance lease assets |  | Other Assets |  | 55,826 |  |  | 36,267 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 324,216 |  |  | $ | 332,287 |
Lease Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Current operating lease liabilities |  | Accrued expenses and other |  | $ | 45,305 |  |  | $ | 52,138 |
Current finance lease liabilities |  | Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt |  | 6,952 |  |  | 4,663 |
Total current lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 52,257 |  |  | $ | 56,801 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities |  | Noncurrent Operating Lease Liabilities |  | $ | 234,167 |  |  | $ | 262,048 |
Noncurrent finance lease liabilities |  | Long-term Debt, net of current portion |  | 53,330 |  |  | 33,280 |
Total noncurrent lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 287,497 |  |  | $ | 295,328 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 339,754 |  |  | $ | 352,129 |

Certain of the Company’s leases include variable costs. Variable costs include lease payments that were volume or usage-driven in accordance with the use of the underlying asset, and also non-lease components that were incurred based upon actual terms rather than contractually fixed amounts. In addition, variable costs are incurred for lease payments that are indexed to a change in rate or index. Because the right of use asset recorded on the balance sheet was determined based upon factors considered at the commencement date, subsequent changes in the rate or index that were not contemplated in the right of use asset balances recorded on the balance sheet result in variable expenses being incurred when paid during the lease term.
The following table sets forth the components of the Company's total lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:

Lease Cost |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating lease cost | (a) | $ | 48,158 |  |  | $ | 58,678 |  |  | $ | 61,845 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of lease asset | (a) (b) | 5,747 |  |  | 7,387 |  |  | 6,965 |
Interest on lease liabilities | (c) | 1,384 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 763 |
Variable lease cost | (a) (d) | 26,198 |  |  | 36,758 |  |  | 51,616 |
Impairment charges | (e) | 148 |  |  | 11,340 |  |  | — |
Total lease cost |  | $ | 81,635 |  |  | $ | 115,213 |  |  | $ | 121,189 |

(a) Production-related and administrative amounts are included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.
(b) Included in depreciation and amortization.
(c) Included in interest expense.
(d) Also includes short term lease costs, which are deemed immaterial.
(e) Impairment charges are included in "Restructuring/asset impairment charges" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 4 for more information.
F-15 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following table sets forth the five-year maturity schedule of the Company's lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities |  | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases |  | Total
2022 |  | $ | 46,286 |  |  | $ | 7,034 |  |  | $ | 53,320 |
2023 |  | 42,665 |  |  | 7,249 |  |  | 49,914 |
2024 |  | 35,446 |  |  | 5,753 |  |  | 41,199 |
2025 |  | 29,366 |  |  | 5,032 |  |  | 34,398 |
2026 |  | 24,058 |  |  | 4,836 |  |  | 28,894 |
Beyond 2026 |  | 176,036 |  |  | 44,687 |  |  | 220,723 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 353,857 |  |  | $ | 74,591 |  |  | $ | 428,448 |
Less: Interest |  | 74,385 |  |  | 14,309 |  |  | 88,694 |
Lease Liabilities |  | $ | 279,472 |  |  | $ | 60,282 |  |  | $ | 339,754 |

With the January 2022 acquisition of Ball Metalpack, (see Note 20 - Subsequent Events), the annual maturity of lease liabilities is expected to increase.
F-16 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following tables set forth the Company's weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates used in the calculation of its outstanding lease liabilities at December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, along with other lease-related information for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:

Lease Term and Discount Rate | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years): |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 11.8 |  | 11.8 |  | 10.2
Finance leases | 13.5 |  | 12.9 |  | 3.8
Weighted-average discount rate: |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 4.09% |  | 4.28% |  | 4.74%
Finance leases | 2.86% |  | 2.94% |  | 2.97%
Other Information | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows used by operating leases | $ | 50,479 |  |  | $ | 58,305 |  |  | $ | 61,532 |
Operating cash flows used by finance leases | $ | 1,384 |  |  | $ | 1,050 |  |  | $ | 763 |
Financing cash flows used by finance leases | $ | 4,699 |  |  | $ | 7,437 |  |  | $ | 7,989 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 20,505 |  |  | $ | 90,361 |  |  | $ | 28,762 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | $ | 14,643 |  |  | $ | 23,117 |  |  | $ | 24,106 |
Modification to leased assets for increase/(decrease) in operating lease liabilities | $ | 15,936 |  |  | $ | (9,947) |  |  | 1,792 |
Modification to leased assets for increase/(decrease) in finance lease liabilities | $ | 9,586 |  |  | $ | 14,005 |  |  | (3,177) |
Termination reclasses to decrease operating lease assets | $ | (5,267) |  |  | $ | (27,508) |  |  | (5,658) |
Termination reclasses to decrease operating lease liabilities | $ | (5,602) |  |  | $ | (27,985) |  |  | (5,662) |
Termination reclasses to decrease finance lease assets | $ | (125) |  |  | $ | (25,079) |  |  | (2,991) |
Termination reclasses to decrease finance lease liabilities | $ | (130) |  |  | $ | (25,199) |  |  | (3,067) |

8. Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill
Effective January 1, 2021, the Company changed its operating and reporting structure and, as a result, realigned certain of its reportable segments. Accordingly, the beginning balances of goodwill by segment have been recast to conform with the new structure. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the year ended December 31, 2021, are as follows:

| Consumer Packaging |  | Industrial Paper Packaging |  | All Other |  | Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021 | $ | 581,244 |  |  | $ | 369,315 |  |  | $ | 438,696 |  |  | $ | 1,389,255 |
Acquisitions | — |  |  | 6,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,014 |
Divestitures | (1,058) |  |  | — |  |  | (53,039) |  |  | (54,097) |
Measurement period adjustments | 1,512 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,512 |
Foreign currency translation | (9,282) |  |  | (7,549) |  |  | (1,352) |  |  | (18,183) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 572,416 |  |  | $ | 367,780 |  |  | $ | 384,305 |  |  | $ | 1,324,501 |

Goodwill from 2021 acquisitions relates to the first quarter acquisition of TuboTec and the fourth quarter acquisitions of D&W and American Recycling. Divestitures relate to the divestiture of the Company's U.S display and packaging business in the first quarter of 2021 and the divestiture of a small Plastics - Food thermoforming operation. Measurement period adjustments relate to final working capital settlements made in the first quarter of 2021 for the prior-year acquisition of Can Packaging. See Note 3 for additional information.
The Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually during the third quarter, or from time to time when warranted by the facts and circumstances surrounding individual reporting units or the Company as a whole. The Company completed its most recent annual goodwill impairment testing during the third quarter of 2021, and analyzed certain qualitative and quantitative factors in determining whether a goodwill impairment existed. The Company's assessments reflected a number of significant management assumptions and estimates including the Company's forecast of sales growth, gross profit margins, and discount rates. Changes in these assumptions could materially impact the Company's conclusions. Based on its assessments, the Company concluded that there was no impairment of goodwill for any of its reporting units.
Although no reporting units failed the annual impairment test, in management’s opinion, the goodwill of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit is at risk of impairment in the near term if the reporting unit's operations do not perform in line with management's expectations, or if there is a negative change in the long-term outlook for the business or in other factors such as the discount rate.
F-17 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Although beginning to benefit from economic recovery, the results of the Plastics – Healthcare reporting unit have been negatively impacted by end-market weakness due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the unit is facing near-term headwinds from higher raw material and other cost increases. Assuming COVID-19 infection rates continue to decline, management expects market demand will improve over the coming year and that selling price increases and/or cost reductions, including restructuring actions and investments in production efficiency projects, will mitigate the impacts of recent raw material and other cost inflation. However, should it become apparent that the ongoing post-COVID-19 recovery is likely to be significantly weaker, delayed, or prolonged compared to management’s current expectations, significant negative price/cost relationships will persist over the long-term, or gross profit margins do not improve as expected, goodwill impairment charges may be possible in the future.
In its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of October 3, 2021, projected future cash flows for the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit were discounted at 8.3%. Total goodwill associated with this reporting unit was $64,263 at December 31, 2021. In the latest annual impairment test, the estimated fair value of the Plastics - Healthcare reporting unit was determined to exceed its carrying value by approximately 13.3% . Based on the discounted cash flow model and holding other valuation assumptions constant, projected operating profits across all future periods would have to be reduced approximately 13.0%, or the discount rate increased to 9.3%, in order for the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to fall below carrying value.
During the time subsequent to the annual evaluation, and at December 31, 2021, the Company considered whether any events and/or changes in circumstances had resulted in the likelihood that the goodwill of any of its reporting units may have been impaired. It is management's opinion that no such events have occurred.
Other intangible assets
Details at December 31 are as follows:

| 2021 |  | 2020
Other Intangible Assets, Gross: |  |  |
Patents | $ | 29,315 |  |  | $ | 29,325 |
Customer lists | 592,195 |  |  | 622,430 |
Trade names | 32,043 |  |  | 32,088 |
Proprietary technology | 22,846 |  |  | 22,813 |
Other | 2,807 |  |  | 2,831 |
Other Intangible Assets, Gross | $ | 679,206 |  |  | $ | 709,487 |
Accumulated Amortization: |  |  |
Patents | $ | (16,275) |  |  | $ | (14,511) |
Customer lists | (347,274) |  |  | (339,159) |
Trade names | (14,106) |  |  | (12,156) |
Proprietary technology | (21,394) |  |  | (19,833) |
Other | (2,014) |  |  | (1,894) |
Accumulated Amortization | $ | (401,063) |  |  | $ | (387,553) |
Other Intangible Assets, Net | $ | 278,143 |  |  | $ | 321,934 |

The acquisitions of D&W in November 2021 and American Recycling in December 2021 resulted in the addition of $7,100 and $2,236, respectively, of intangible assets, primarily related to customer lists. These intangibles will be amortized over an average useful life of 10 years.
Aggregate amortization expense on intangible assets was $49,419, $52,899 and $51,580 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense on intangible assets is expected to approximate $45,800 in 2022, $41,800 in 2023, $33,500 in 2024, $25,200 in 2025 and $21,700 in 2026 based on intangible assets as of December 31, 2021. With the January 2022 acquisition of Ball Metalpack, (see Note 20 - Subsequent Events), annual amortization expense is expected to increase.
F-18 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

9. Debt
Details of the Company's debt at December 31 were as follows:

| 2021 |  | 2020
Commercial paper, average rate of 0.16% in 2021 and 0.75% in 2020 | $ | 349,000 |  |  | $ | — |
1.00% Euro loan due May 2021 | — |  |  | 183,662 |
9.2% debentures due August 2021 | — |  |  | 4,320 |
4.375% debentures due November 2021 | — |  |  | 249,741 |
3.125% debentures due May 2030 | 595,342 |  |  | 594,687 |
5.75% debentures due November 2040 | 536,182 |  |  | 599,279 |
Other foreign denominated debt, average rate of 3.0% in 2021 and 2.2% in 2020 | 55,432 |  |  | 15,522 |
Finance lease obligations | 60,282 |  |  | 37,943 |
Other notes | 14,424 |  |  | 15,070 |
Total debt | $ | 1,610,662 |  |  | $ | 1,700,224 |
Less current portion and short-term notes | 411,557 |  |  | 455,784 |
Long-term debt | $ | 1,199,106 |  |  | $ | 1,244,440 |

On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into a new five-year $750,000, unsecured revolving credit facility which replaced an existing credit facility entered into on July 20, 2017, and reflects substantially the same terms and conditions. Consistent with prior facilities, the new revolving credit facility supports the Company's $500,000 commercial paper program. Based on the pricing grid, the Credit Agreement and Sonoco's current credit ratings, a London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR) borrowing has an all-in drawn margin of 125.0 basis points. On September 21, 2021, the Company borrowed $50,000 from the revolving credit facility. These borrowings were repaid in full on October 1, 2021.
On April 28, 2021, the Company commenced a cash tender offer to purchase up to $300,000 of the $600,000 outstanding principal amount of its 5.75% notes due November 2040. Upon expiration of the tender on May 25, 2021, the Company repurchased 10.53% of its outstanding 5.75% notes for a total cash cost of $81,961, as shown below:

|  | Principal Amount Tendered | Premium and Other Amounts Paid | Total Cash Paid
5.75% debentures due November 2040 |  | $ | 63,206 |  | $ | 18,755 |  | $ | 81,961 |

On April 28, 2021, the Company entered into a reverse treasury lock agreement intended to fix the cash cost to fund approximately $100,000 of the maximum $300,000 principal amount subject to being tendered. The settlement of the reverse treasury lock on May 13, 2021 resulted in a loss of $1,356. In addition, the Company wrote off a proportional share of unamortized bond issuance costs and unamortized original issue discounts associated with the 5.75% notes. These non-cash write-offs net to $73, which combined with the hedge loss and premium and other amounts paid, resulted in a pretax loss from the early extinguishment of debt totaling $20,184.
The Company's 1%, 150,000 euro-denominated debt matured on May 25, 2021, and a U.S. dollar equivalent cash payment of $177,780 was made to settle the debt. On April 7, 2021, the Company entered into two forward contracts to buy a total of 150,000 euros, to manage foreign currency risk related to the Company's funding of the debt repayment upon maturity. The Company recognized a gain of $4,387 upon the May 21, 2021 maturity of these forward contracts. The gain is included in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the proceeds from the settlement of the contracts and the debt maturity payment are reflected in "Net cash (used)/provided by financing activities" in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2021.
On August 1, 2021, the Company repaid its $250,000, 4.375% debentures without penalty ahead of their November 2021 maturity. Also on August 1, 2021, the Company repaid its $4,321, 9.2% debentures upon their maturity.
The principal requirements of debt maturing in the next five years are:

| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026
Debt maturities by year | $ | 411,557 |  |  | $ | 7,992 |  |  | $ | 6,131 |  |  | $ | 5,306 |  |  | $ | 4,992 |

As of December 31, 2021, the Company has scheduled debt maturities through the next twelve months of $411,557 including $349,000 of outstanding commercial paper. At December 31, 2021, the Company has $170,978 in cash and cash equivalents on hand and $750,000 in committed capacity under its revolving credit facility, of which $401,000 was available for drawdown, net of outstanding commercial paper balances. The Company believes that these amounts, combined with expected net cash flows from operating activities, provide ample liquidity to cover these debt maturities and other cash flow needs of the Company over the course of the next year.
In addition, the Company had $195,417 available under unused short-term lines of credit at December 31, 2021. These short-term lines of credit are available for general corporate purposes of our subsidiaries, including working capital and hedging requirements.
On January 21, 2022, the Company completed a registered public offering of unsecured notes with an aggregate principal amount of $1,200,000. Also, on January 21, 2022, the Company entered into a new $300,000 term loan facility with a syndicate of 8 banks. Proceeds from the notes and the term loan, together with commercial paper borrowings, were used to fund the Ball Metalpack acquisition. See Note 20 for additional information.
Certain of the Company’s debt agreements impose restrictions with respect to the maintenance of financial ratios and the disposition of assets. The most restrictive covenants currently require the Company to maintain a minimum level of interest coverage, and a minimum level of net worth, as defined in the agreements. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's interest coverage and net worth were substantially above the minimum levels required under these covenants.
F-19 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

10. Financial instruments and derivatives
The following table sets forth the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s significant financial instruments for which the carrying amount differs from the fair value.

| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Long-term debt, net of current portion | $ | 1,199,106 |  |  | $ | 1,434,711 |  |  | $ | 1,244,440 |  |  | $ | 1,538,132 |

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and short-term debt approximates fair value. The fair value of long-term debt is determined based on recent trade information in the financial markets of the Company’s public debt or is determined by discounting future cash flows using interest rates available to the Company for issues with similar terms and maturities. It is considered a Level 2 fair value measurement.
Cash Flow Hedges
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had derivative financial instruments outstanding to hedge anticipated transactions and certain asset and liability related cash flows. These contracts, which have maturities ranging to December 2022, qualify as cash flow hedges under U.S. GAAP. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earning effect of the hedged item.
Commodity Cash Flow Hedges
Certain derivative contracts entered into to manage the cost of anticipated purchases of natural gas and aluminum have been designated by the Company as hedges. At December 31, 2021, these contracts included natural gas swaps covering approximately 1.7 million MMBTUs. The Company also has certain natural gas hedges that it does not treat as Cash Flow Hedges. See Other Derivatives below for a discussion of these hedges. The fair values of the Company’s commodity cash flow hedges netted to a gain position of $1,491 at December 31, 2021 and a loss position of $(647) at December 31, 2020. The amount of the gain included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2021 expected to be reclassified to the income statement during the next twelve months is $1,491.
Foreign Currency Cash Flow Hedges
The Company has entered into forward contracts to hedge certain anticipated foreign currency denominated sales, purchases, and capital spending expected to occur in 2022. The net positions of these contracts at December 31, 2021, were as follows (in thousands):

Currency | Action | Quantity
Colombian peso | Purchase | 26,964,039 |
Mexican peso | Purchase | 478,872 |
Polish zloty | Purchase | 86,960 |
Czech koruna | Purchase | 66,323 |
Turkish lira | Purchase | 16,776 |
Canadian dollar | Purchase | 15,862 |
Euro | Purchase | 7,315 |
British pound | Purchase | 3,541 |
New Zealand dollar | Sell | (290) |
Australian dollar | Sell | (422) |
Russian ruble | Sell | (89,271) |

The fair value of the Company’s foreign currency cash flow hedges related to forecasted sales and purchases netted to a gain position of $336 and $555 at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Gains of $336 are expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the income statement during the next twelve months. In addition, the Company has entered into forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency cash flow transactions related to equipment purchases denominated in a foreign currency. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the net position of these contracts was $(457) and $47, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, losses from these hedges totaling $(330) were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and included in the carrying value of the capitalized expenditures. Losses of $(457) are expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and included in the carrying value of the related fixed assets acquired during the next twelve months.
Net Investment Hedge
In January 2020, the Company entered into a cross-currency swap agreement with a notional amount of $250,000 to effectively convert a portion of the Company's fixed-rate, U.S. dollar denominated debt, including the semi-annual interest payments, to fixed-rate euro-denominated debt. The risk management objective was to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in certain European subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies. As a result of significant strengthening of the U.S. dollar and a reduction in the differential between U.S. and European interest rates, the fair market value of the swap position appreciated significantly during the first quarter of 2020. In March 2020, the
F-20 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Company terminated the swap agreement and received a net cash settlement of $14,480. The Company recorded this foreign currency translation gain in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss," net of a tax provision of $7,581.
Other Derivatives
The Company routinely enters into forward contracts to economically hedge the currency exposure of intercompany debt and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. The Company does not apply hedge accounting treatment under ASC 815 for these instruments. As such, changes in fair value are recorded directly to income and expense in the periods that they occur. The net positions of these contracts at December 31, 2021, were as follows (in thousands):

Currency | Action | Quantity
Colombian peso | Purchase | 28,089,457 |
Indonesian rupiah | Purchase | 21,279,953 |
Mexican peso | Purchase | 357,895 |
Turkish lira | Purchase | 38,142 |
Thai Baht | Purchase | 16,436 |
Canadian dollar | Purchase | 2,682 |

In addition to the contracts designated as cash flow hedges described above, the Company has entered into derivative contracts to manage the cost of anticipated purchases of natural gas. At December 31, 2021, these contracts consisted of natural gas swaps covering approximately 3.9 million MMBTUs. The Company's designated and non-designated natural gas derivative contracts total approximately 5.6 million MMBTUs and represent approximately 73% of anticipated natural gas usage in North America for 2022.
Pursuant to the registered public offering of unsecured 2.85% notes with a principal amount of $500,000 maturing on February 1, 2032, the Company entered into treasury lock derivative instruments with two banks, with a notional principal amount of $150,000 each on December 29, 2021. These instruments had the risk management objective of reducing exposure to the Company of increases in the underlying Treasury index up to the date of pricing of the notes. The fair value of the contracts was a net loss position o f $(550) at December 31, 2021. The derivatives were settled when the bonds priced on January 11, 2022, with the Company recognizing a gain on the settlement of $5,201.
The fair value of the Company’s other derivatives were net gains o f $92 and $599 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table sets forth the location and fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  |  | Fair Value at December 31
Description | Balance Sheet Location |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 1,599 |  |  | $ | 867 |
Commodity Contracts | Accrued expenses and other |  | $ | (108) |  |  | $ | (1,512) |
Commodity Contracts | Other liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2) |
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 848 |  |  | $ | 997 |
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Accrued expenses and other |  | $ | (969) |  |  | $ | (395) |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts | Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 1,815 |  |  | $ | 484 |
Commodity Contracts | Accrued expenses and other |  | $ | (1,132) |  |  |
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 140 |
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Accrued expenses and other |  | $ | (176) |  |  | $ | (25) |
Interest Rate Lock Contract | Accrued expenses and other |  | $ | (550) |  |  | $ | — |

While certain of the Company's derivative contract arrangements with its counterparties provide for the ability to settle contracts on a net basis, the Company reports its derivative positions on a gross basis. There are no collateral arrangements or requirements in these agreements.
F-21 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following tables set forth the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments on financial performance for the year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, excluding the gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the carrying value of the capitalized expenditures:

Description |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI Into Income |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI Into Income
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: |  |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Exchange Contracts |  | $ | 210 |  |  | Net sales |  | $ | 3,212 |
|  |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | (2,544) |
Commodity Contracts |  | $ | 10,039 |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 7,794 |
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Exchange Contracts |  | $ | (3,596) |  |  | Net sales |  | $ | (6,662) |
|  |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 3,576 |
Commodity Contracts |  | $ | (227) |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | (1,213) |

Description |  | Gain or (Loss) Recognized |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income Statement
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts |  | $ | 1,118 |  |  | Selling, general and administrative
Foreign Exchange Contracts |  | $ | (737) |  |  | Selling, general and administrative
Interest Rate Lock Contracts |  | $ | (550) |  |  | Selling, general and administrative
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |
Commodity Contracts |  | $ | 226 |  |  | Cost of sales
Foreign Exchange Contracts |  | $ | (358) |  |  | Selling, general and administrative

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2020
Description | Revenue | Cost of Sales |  | Revenue | Cost of Sales
Total amount of income and expense line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income | $ | 3,212 |  | $ | 5,250 |  |  | $ | (6,662) |  | $ | 2,363 |
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts: |  |  |  |  |
| Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income | $ | 3,212 |  | $ | (2,544) |  |  | $ | (6,662) |  | $ | 3,576 |
Commodity contract: |  |  |  |  |
| Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income | $ | — |  | $ | 7,794 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | (1,213) |

F-22 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

11. Fair value measurements
Fair value is defined as exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 – | Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets;
Level 2 – | Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 – | Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The following tables set forth information regarding the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Description | December 31, 2021 |  | Assets measured at NAV (g) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Hedge derivatives, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | 1,491 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,491 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange contracts | (121) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (121) |  |  | — |
Non-hedge derivatives, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | 683 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 683 |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | (41) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (41) |  |  | — |
Interest rate lock contract | (550) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (550) |  |  | — |
Postretirement benefit plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Collective(a) | $ | 8,882 |  |  | $ | 8,882 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds(b) | 118,559 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 118,559 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities(c) | 292,883 |  |  | 41,120 |  |  | — |  |  | 251,763 |  |  | — |
Short-term investments(d) | 1,211 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,211 |  |  | — |
Real estate funds(f) | 592 |  |  | 592 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash and accrued income | 8,920 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,920 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total postretirement benefit plan assets | $ | 431,047 |  |  | $ | 50,594 |  |  | $ | 8,920 |  |  | $ | 371,533 |  |  | $ | — |
Description | December 31, 2020 |  | Assets measured at NAV (g) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Hedge derivatives, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | (647) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (647) |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange contracts | 602 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 602 |  |  | — |
Non-hedge derivatives, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | 484 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 484 |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | 115 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 115 |  |  | — |
Postretirement benefit plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Collective(a) | $ | 7,750 |  |  | $ | 7,750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds(b) | 152,756 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152,756 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities(c) | 1,533,149 |  |  | 1,297,826 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 235,306 |  |  | — |
Short-term investments(d) | 1,223 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | — |
Hedge fund of funds(e) | 67 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate funds(f) | 552 |  |  | 552 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash and accrued income | 117,638 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,638 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total postretirement benefit plan assets | $ | 1,813,135 |  |  | $ | 1,306,195 |  |  | $ | 117,655 |  |  | $ | 389,285 |  |  | $ | — |

a.Common collective trust investments consist of domestic and international large and mid capitalization equities, including emerging markets and funds invested in both short-term and long-term bonds. Underlying investments are generally valued at closing prices from national exchanges. Commingled funds, private securities, and limited partnerships are valued at unit values or net asset values provided by the investment managers.
b.Mutual fund investments are comprised of equity securities of corporations with large capitalizations and also include funds invested in corporate equities in international and emerging markets and funds invested in long-term bonds, which are valued at closing prices from national exchanges.
c.Fixed income securities include funds that invest primarily in government securities and long-term bonds. Underlying investments are generally valued at closing prices from national exchanges, fixed income pricing models, and independent financial analysts. Fixed income commingled funds are valued at unit values provided by the investment managers.
F-23 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

d.Short-term investments include several money market funds used for managing overall liquidity. Underlying investments are generally valued at closing prices from national exchanges. Commingled funds are valued at unit values provided by the investment managers.
e.The hedge fund of funds category includes investments in funds representing a variety of strategies intended to diversify risks and reduce volatility. It includes event-driven credit and equity investments targeted at economic policy decisions, long and short positions in U.S. and international equities, arbitrage investments and emerging market equity investments. Investments are valued at unit values or net asset values provided by the investment managers.
f.This category includes investments in real estate funds (including office, industrial, residential and retail). Underlying real estate securities are generally valued at closing prices from national exchanges.
g.Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (NAV) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
The Company’s pension plan assets comprise more than 97% of its total postretirement benefit plan assets. Accordingly, the assets of the Company’s various pension plans and retiree health and life insurance plans are not shown separately, but are combined in the tables above. Postretirement benefit plan assets are netted against postretirement benefit obligations to determine the funded status of each plan. The funded status is recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as shown in Note 13.
As discussed i n Note 10, the Company uses derivatives to mitigate some of the effect of raw material and energy cost fluctuations, foreign currency fluctuations and, from time to time, interest rate movements. Fair value measurements for the Company’s derivatives are classified under Level 2 because such measurements are estimated based on observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, spot and future commodity prices and spot and future exchange rates.
The Company does not currently have any nonfinancial assets or liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis. None of the Company's financial assets or liabilities are measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs. There were no transfers in or out of Level 1 or Level 2 fair value measurements during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020. For additional fair value information on the Company's financial instruments, see Note 10.
12. Share-based compensation plans
The Company provides share-based compensation to certain employees and non-employee directors in the form of restricted stock units, performance contingent restricted stock units, and other share-based awards. Beginning in 2019, share-based awards were issued pursuant to the Sonoco Products Company 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"), which became effective upon approval by the shareholders on April 17, 2019. Awards issued from 2014 through 2018 were issued pursuant to the Sonoco Products Company 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”).
A total of 12,000,000 shares of common stock are reserved for awards granted under the 2019 Plan. As of the April 17, 2019 effective date, the 2019 Plan superseded the 2014 Plan and became the only plan under which equity-based compensation may be awarded to employees and non-employee directors. However, any awards under any of the prior plans that were outstanding on the effective date of the 2019 Plan remain subject to the terms and conditions, and continue to be governed by such prior plans. Awards issued between January 1 and April 16, 2019 were effectively issued under the 2019 Plan when such awards were transferred over to be applied against the 2019 Plan’s reserve. Share reserve reductions for restricted and performance-based stock awards originally granted under the 2014 Plan were weighted higher than stock appreciation rights in accordance with the shareholder-approved conversion formula included within the 2019 Plan. Awards granted under all previous plans which are forfeited, expire or are canceled without delivery of shares, or which result in forfeiture of shares back to the Company, will be added to the total shares available under the 2019 Plan. At December 31, 2021, a total of 8,494,373 shares remain available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. The Company issues new shares for stock appreciation right exercises and stock unit conversions. The Company’s stock-based awards to non-employee directors have not been material.
Accounting for share-based compensation
Total compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements was $22,608, $10,607 and $14,334, for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The related tax benefit recognized in net income was $5,715, $2,686, and $3,500, for the same years, respectively. Share-based compensation expense is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company accounts for forfeitures of its share-based payment arrangements as they occur.
An “excess” tax benefit is created when the tax deduction for an exercised stock appreciation right, exercised stock option or converted stock unit exceeds the compensation cost that has been recognized in income. The additional net excess tax benefit realized was $1,110, $2,528 and $3,520 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
The Company grants awards of restricted stock units (RSUs) to executive officers and certain key management employees. These awards vest over a three-year period with one-third vesting on each anniversary date of the grant. The expense for these RSUs is recognized following the graded-vesting method, which results in front-loaded expense being recognized during the early years of the required service period. For grants awarded prior to 2021, participants must be actively employed by the Company on the vesting date for shares to be issued, except in the event of the participant’s death, disability, or involuntary (or good reason) termination within two years of a change in control prior to full vesting, in which case shares will immediately vest. For the 2021 grant, in the event of the participant’s death, disability or retirement prior to full vesting, shares will be issued on a pro rata basis up through the time the participant’s employment or service ceases. Once vested, these awards do not expire.
The Company from time to time grants special RSUs to certain of its executive officers and directors. These awards normally vest over a five-year period with one-third vesting on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant, but in some circumstances may vest over a shorter period, or cliff vest at the end of the five-year period. Normally a participant must be actively employed by, or serving as a director of, the Company on the vesting date for shares to be issued, but the Company may make other arrangements in connection with termination of employment prior to the vesting date. Officers and directors can elect to defer receipt of RSUs, but key management employees are required to take receipt of stock issued. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted was $57.77, $54.16 and $57.76 per share in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The fair value of shares vesting during the year was $4,063, $3,277, and $3,217 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
F-24 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Noncash stock-based compensation associated with restricted stock grants totaled $8,278, $4,549 and $3,351 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was $8,061 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 46 months.
The activity related to restricted stock units for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:

| Nonvested |  | Vested |  | Total |  | Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 209,583 |  |  | 75,863 |  |  | 285,446 |  |  | $ | 50.19 |
Granted | 201,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 201,570 |  |  | $ | 57.77 |
Vested | (68,231) |  |  | 68,231 |  |  | — |  |  |
Converted | — |  |  | (64,093) |  |  | (64,093) |  |  | $ | 53.28 |
Cancelled | (12,053) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,053) |  |  | $ | 55.98 |
Dividend equivalents | 1,728 |  |  | 2,263 |  |  | 3,991 |  |  | $ | 62.95 |
Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 332,597 |  |  | 82,264 |  |  | 414,861 |  |  | $ | 53.32 |

Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units
The Company grants performance contingent restricted stock units (PCSUs) annually on a discretionary basis to executive officers and certain key management employees. The ultimate number of PCSUs awarded is dependent upon the degree to which performance, relative to defined targets related to earnings, return on invested capital, and return on net assets employed, are achieved over a three-year performance cycle. PCSUs granted vest at the end of the three-year performance period if the respective performance targets are met. No units will be awarded if the performance targets are not met. Upon vesting, PCSUs are convertible into common shares on a one-for-one basis. Except in the event of the participant's death, disability, or retirement, if a participant is not employed by the Company at the end of the performance period, no PCSUs will vest. However, in the event of the participant’s death, disability or retirement prior to full vesting, shares will be issued on a pro rata basis up through the time the participant’s employment or service ceases. In the event of a change in control, as defined under the 2014 Plan and the 2019 Plan, all unvested PCSUs will vest at target on a pro rata basis if the change in control occurs during the three-year performance period.
The activity related to performance contingent restricted stock units for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:

| Nonvested |  | Vested |  | Total |  | Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 157,122 |  |  | 166,432 |  |  | 323,554 |  |  | $49.15
Granted | 145,696 |  |  | — |  |  | 145,696 |  |  | $55.95
Performance adjustments | 256,711 |  |  | — |  |  | 256,711 |  |  | $54.28
Vested | (64,243) |  |  | 64,243 |  |  | — |  |  |
Converted | — |  |  | (133,960) |  |  | (133,960) |  |  | $46.34
Cancelled | (14,633) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,633) |  |  | $54.79
Dividend equivalents | — |  |  | 938 |  |  | 938 |  |  | $62.95
Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 480,653 |  |  | 97,653 |  |  | 578,306 |  |  | $53.67

2021 PCSU. As of December 31, 2021, the 2021 PSCUs to be awarded are estimated to range from 0 to 285,724 units and are tied to the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2023.
2020 PCSU. As of December 31, 2021, the 2020 PSCUs to be awarded are estimated to range from 0 to 297,648 units and are tied to the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2022.
2019 PCSU. The performance cycle for the 2019 PCSUs was completed on December 31, 2021. Outstanding stock units of 64,243 were determined to have been earned. The fair value of these units was $3,719 as of December 31, 2021.
2018 PCSU. The performance cycle for the 2018 PCSUs was completed on December 31, 2020. Outstanding stock units of 139,886 were determined to have been earned. The fair value of these units was $8,288 as of December 31, 2020.
2017 PCSU. The performance cycle for the 2017 PCSUs was completed on December 31, 2019. Outstanding stock units of 84,522 units were determined to have been earned. The fair value of these units was $5,217 as of December 31, 2019.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of PCSUs granted was $55.95, $52.00, and $56.04 per share in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Noncash stock-based compensation associated with PCSUs totaled $11,477, $2,023 and $5,171 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was approximately $14,259 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested PCSUs. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 21 months.
Stock appreciation rights
Through 2019, the Company granted stock appreciation rights (SARs) annually on a discretionary basis to key employees. These SARs had an exercise price equal to the closing market price on the date of the grant and can be settled only in stock. The SARs granted from 2015 through 2019 vest over three years, with one-third vesting on each anniversary date of the grant, and have 10-year terms. Unvested SARs are cancelable upon termination of employment, except in the case of death, disability, or involuntary (or good reason) termination within two years of a change in control.
SARs expense is recognized following the graded-vesting method, which results in front-loaded expense being recognized during the early years of the required service period. As of December 31, 2021, unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested SARs totaled $40. This
F-25 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

cost will be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2 months. Noncash stock-based compensation expense associated with SARs totaled $347, $1,442, and $3,227 for 2021, 2020,and 2019, respectively.
The aggregate intrinsic value of SARS exercised during 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $2,575, $2,771, and $11,836, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of SARs granted was $8.30 per share in 2019. No SARs were granted during 2021 and 2020.
The Company computed the estimated fair values of all SARs granted during 2019 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model applying the assumptions set forth in the following table:

| 2019
Expected dividend yield | 2.7 | %
Expected stock price volatility | 16.6 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.6 | %
Expected life of SARs | 6 years

The assumptions employed in the calculation of the fair value of SARs were determined as follows:
•Expected dividend yield – the Company’s annual dividend divided by the stock price at the time of grant.
•Expected stock price volatility – based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock measured weekly for a time period equal to the expected life.
•Risk-free interest rate – based on U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant for maturities equal to the expected life.
•Expected life – calculated using the simplified method as prescribed in U.S. GAAP, where the expected life is equal to the sum of the vesting period and the contractual term divided by two.
The activity related to the Company’s SARs for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:

| Nonvested |  | Vested |  | Total |  | Weighted- average Exercise Price
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 397,677 |  |  | 873,751 |  |  | 1,271,428 |  |  | $ | 53.83 |
Vested | (259,687) |  |  | 259,687 |  |  | — |  |  |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Exercised | — |  |  | (363,102) |  |  | (363,102) |  |  | $ | 50.95 |
Forfeited/Expired | (13,826) |  |  | (14,829) |  |  | (28,655) |  |  | $ | 53.12 |
Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 124,164 |  |  | 755,507 |  |  | 879,671 |  |  | $ | 55.03 |
Exercisable, December 31, 2021 | — |  |  | 755,507 |  |  | 755,507 |  |  | $ | 54.08 |

The weighted average remaining contractual life for SARs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021 was 6.1 years and 5.9 years, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for SARs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021 was $3,598 and $2,800, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the fair market value of the Company’s stock used to calculate intrinsic value was $57.89 per share.
Deferred compensation plans
Certain officers of the Company receive a portion of their compensation, either current or deferred, in the form of stock equivalent units. Units are granted as of the day the cash compensation would have otherwise been paid using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on that day. Deferrals into stock equivalent units are converted into phantom stock equivalents as if Sonoco shares were actually purchased. The units immediately vest and earn dividend equivalents. Units are distributed in the form of common stock upon retirement over a period elected by the employee.
Non-employee directors may elect to defer a portion of their cash retainer or other fees (except chair retainers) into phantom stock equivalent units as if Sonoco shares were actually purchased. The deferred stock equivalent units accrue dividend equivalents, and are issued in shares of Sonoco common stock six months following termination of Board service. Directors must elect to receive these deferred distributions in one, three or five annual installments.
The activity related to deferred compensation for equity award units granted to both employees and non-employee directors combined is as follows:

| Total
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 372,413 |
Deferred | 38,127 |
Converted | (40,527) |
Dividend equivalents | 10,744 |
Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 380,757 |

Deferred compensation for employees and directors of $2,507, $2,593, and $2,585, which will be settled in Company stock at retirement, was deferred during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
F-26 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

13. Employee benefit plans
Retirement plans and retiree health and life insurance plans
The Company provides non-contributory defined benefit pension plans for certain of its employees in the United States, Mexico, Belgium, Germany, Greece, France, and Turkey. The Company also sponsors contributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain of its employees in the United Kingdom, Canada and the Netherlands, and provides postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits to a limited number of its retirees and their dependents in the United States and Canada, based on certain age and/or service eligibility requirements.
The Company froze participation in its U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan for newly hired salaried and non-union hourly employees effective December 31, 2003. To replace this benefit, the Company provides non-union U.S. employees hired on or after January 1, 2004, with an annual contribution, called the Sonoco Retirement Contribution (SRC), to their participant accounts in the Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan.
The U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan was further amended to freeze plan benefits for all active, non-union participants effective December 31, 2018. Former active participants in the U.S. qualified plan became eligible for SRC contributions effective January 1, 2019.
In October 2021, the Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan was further amended to eliminate the SRC and to increase the Company's 401(k) matching contribution effective as of December 31, 2021.
The components of net periodic benefit cost include the following:

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Retirement Plans |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 3,916 |  |  | $ | 3,969 |  |  | $ | 3,968 |
Interest cost | 24,186 |  |  | 51,297 |  |  | 57,348 |
Expected return on plan assets | (22,888) |  |  | (50,733) |  |  | (65,143) |
Amortization of prior service cost | 900 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 1,022 |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 16,503 |  |  | 28,833 |  |  | 30,681 |
Effect of settlement loss | 550,706 |  |  | 854 |  |  | 2,377 |
Effect of curtailment loss | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 573,323 |  |  | $ | 35,258 |  |  | $ | 30,253 |
Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | 358 |  |  | $ | 308 |
Interest cost | 197 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 467 |
Expected return on plan assets | (444) |  |  | (371) |  |  | (718) |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | (279) |  |  | (498) |
Amortization of net actuarial gain | (744) |  |  | (834) |  |  | (823) |
Net periodic benefit income | $ | (617) |  |  | $ | (790) |  |  | $ | (1,264) |

F-27 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following tables set forth the Plans’ obligations and assets at December 31:

| Retirement Plans |  | Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Change in Benefit Obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at January 1 | $ | 2,092,297 |  |  | $ | 1,976,197 |  |  | $ | 14,880 |  |  | $ | 14,495 |
Service cost | 3,916 |  |  | 3,969 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 358 |
Interest cost | 24,186 |  |  | 51,297 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 336 |
Plan participant contributions | 14 |  |  | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | 443 |
Plan amendments | 608 |  |  | 419 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actuarial (gain)/loss | (138,157) |  |  | 149,264 |  |  | (939) |  |  | 356 |
Benefits paid | (66,641) |  |  | (96,257) |  |  | (768) |  |  | (1,122) |
Impact of foreign exchange rates | (4,999) |  |  | 13,482 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 14 |
Effect of settlements | (1,396,494) |  |  | (2,463) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of curtailments | (97) |  |  | (3,776) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit obligation at December 31 | $ | 514,633 |  |  | $ | 2,092,297 |  |  | $ | 13,745 |  |  | $ | 14,880 |

| Retirement Plans |  | Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Change in Plan Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 | $ | 1,799,109 |  |  | $ | 1,683,520 |  |  | $ | 14,026 |  |  | $ | 12,881 |
Actual return on plan assets | (46,148) |  |  | 188,695 |  |  | (84) |  |  | 1,372 |
Company contributions | 140,226 |  |  | 17,282 |  |  | 768 |  |  | 626 |
Plan participant contributions | 14 |  |  | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | 443 |
Benefits paid | (66,641) |  |  | (96,257) |  |  | (768) |  |  | (1,122) |
Impact of foreign exchange rates | (4,630) |  |  | 13,667 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of settlements | (1,396,494) |  |  | (2,752) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Expenses paid | (8,331) |  |  | (5,211) |  |  | — |  |  | (174) |
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 | $ | 417,105 |  |  | $ | 1,799,109 |  |  | $ | 13,942 |  |  | $ | 14,026 |
Funded Status of the Plans | $ | (97,528) |  |  | $ | (293,188) |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | (854) |

| Retirement Plans |  | Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total Recognized Amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncurrent assets | $ | 70,221 |  |  | $ | 26,814 |  |  | $ | 1,758 |  |  | $ | 553 |
Current liabilities | (10,375) |  |  | (150,310) |  |  | (1,055) |  |  | (849) |
Noncurrent liabilities | (157,374) |  |  | (169,692) |  |  | (506) |  |  | (558) |
Net liability | $ | (97,528) |  |  | $ | (293,188) |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | (854) |

Items not yet recognized as a component of net periodic pension cost that are included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:

| Retirement Plans |  | Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net actuarial loss/(gain) | $ | 111,481 |  |  | $ | 742,374 |  |  | $ | (6,357) |  |  | $ | (6,689) |
Prior service cost | 6,288 |  |  | 6,351 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 117,769 |  |  | $ | 748,725 |  |  | $ | (6,357) |  |  | $ | (6,689) |

F-28 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The amounts recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss/(Income) include the following:

| Retirement Plans |  | Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Adjustments arising during the period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss/(gain) | $ | (63,684) |  |  | $ | 12,452 |  |  | $ | 146,414 |  |  | $ | (412) |  |  | $ | (468) |  |  | $ | (914) |
Prior service cost/(credit) | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | 1,229 |  |  | $ | 1,667 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net settlements/curtailments | $ | (550,706) |  |  | $ | (886) |  |  | $ | (2,377) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Reversal of amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial (loss)/gain | $ | (16,503) |  |  | $ | (28,833) |  |  | $ | (30,681) |  |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 834 |  |  | $ | 823 |
Prior service (cost)/credit | $ | (900) |  |  | $ | (1,006) |  |  | $ | (1,022) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 498 |
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss/(income) | $ | (630,956) |  |  | $ | (17,044) |  |  | $ | 114,001 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 407 |
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive loss/(income) | $ | (57,633) |  |  | $ | 18,214 |  |  | $ | 144,254 |  |  | $ | (285) |  |  | $ | (145) |  |  | $ | (857) |

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was $504,944 and $2,081,850 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The projected benefit obligation (PBO), accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were, $228,127, $223,657 and $61,686, respectively, as of December 31, 2021, and $1,788,070, $1,783,883 and $1,468,068, respectively, as of December 31, 2020.
Plan termination, settlements, changes and amendments
In July 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved a resolution to terminate the Sonoco Pension Plan for Inactive Participants (the "Inactive Plan"), a tax-qualified defined benefit plan, effective September 30, 2019. Following completion of a limited lump sum offering in April 2021, the Company settled all remaining liabilities under the Inactive Plan in June 2021 through the purchase of annuities. The Company made additional net contributions of $124,432 to the Inactive Plan in 2021 in order to be fully funded on a termination basis at the time of the annuity purchase. Non-cash, pretax settlement charges totaling $538,722 were recognized in 2021 as the lump sum payouts and annuity purchases were made. The termination of the Inactive Plan applied to participants who had separated service from Sonoco and to non-union active employees who no longer accrued pension benefits. There was no change in the cumulative benefit previously earned by the approximately 11,000 participants affected by these actions. The Company continues to manage and support the Active Plan, comprised of approximately 700 active participants who continue to accrue benefits in accordance with a flat-dollar multiplier formula.
Additional settlement charges totaling $11,984 and $854 were recognized in 2021 and 2020, respectively, primarily as a result of activity in our Canadian plans, including settlement charges in 2021 from the annuitization of the Trenton Union Plan in Ontario, Canada. This plan was terminated in June 2020 and the participants were fully annuitized in December 2021. Settlements in 2020 resulted from lump-sum payments to certain participants of the Company's other Canadian pension plans who elected a lump-sum distribution option upon retirement.
Projected benefit payments
The following table sets forth the Company’s projected benefit payments for the next ten years:

Year | Retirement Plans |  | Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans
2022 | $ | 23,934 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |
2023 | $ | 23,564 |  |  | $ | 1,163 |
2024 | $ | 23,999 |  |  | $ | 1,141 |
2025 | $ | 25,129 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |
2026 | $ | 27,620 |  |  | $ | 1,096 |
2026-2030 | $ | 129,131 |  |  | $ | 4,971 |

F-29 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Assumptions
The following tables set forth the major actuarial assumptions used in determining the benefit obligation and net periodic cost:

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 | U.S. Retirement Plans |  | U.S. Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans |  | Foreign Plans
Discount Rate |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 2.77 | % |  | 2.48 | % |  | 2.22 | %
2020 | 2.32 | % |  | 2.04 | % |  | 1.70 | %
Rate of Compensation Increase |  |  |  |  |
2021 | — | % |  | 3.01 | % |  | 3.21 | %
2020 | — | % |  | 3.03 | % |  | 3.20 | %

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended December 31 | U.S. Retirement Plans |  | U.S. Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plans |  | Foreign Plans
Discount Rate |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 2.32 | % |  | 2.04 | % |  | 1.70 | %
2020 | 2.87 | % |  | 2.89 | % |  | 2.28 | %
2019 | 4.24 | % |  | 4.02 | % |  | 3.11 | %
Expected Long-term Rate of Return |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 3.27 | % |  | 2.01 | % |  | 3.69 | %
2020 | 2.93 | % |  | 2.93 | % |  | 4.10 | %
2019 | 6.63 | % |  | 6.73 | % |  | 4.62 | %
Rate of Compensation Increase |  |  |  |  |
2021 | — | % |  | 3.03 | % |  | 3.20 | %
2020 | — | % |  | 3.04 | % |  | 3.37 | %
2019 | — | % |  | 3.06 | % |  | 3.65 | %

The Company adjusts its discount rates at the end of each fiscal year based on yield curves of high-quality debt instruments over durations that match the expected benefit payouts of each plan. The expected long-term rate of return assumption is based on the Company’s current and expected future portfolio mix by asset class, and expected nominal returns of these asset classes using an economic “building block” approach. Expectations for inflation and real interest rates are developed and various risk premiums are assigned to each asset class based primarily on historical performance. The assumed rate of compensation increase reflects historical experience and management’s expectations regarding future salary and incentive increases.
Medical trends
The U.S. Retiree Health and Life Insurance Plan makes up approximately 95% of the Retiree Health liability. Therefore, the following information relates to the U.S. plan only.

Healthcare Cost Trend Rate | Pre-age 65 |  | Post-age 65
2021 | 6.91 | % |  | 8.27 | %
2020 | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | %
Ultimate Trend Rate | Pre-age 65 |  | Post-age 65
2021 | 4.45 | % |  | 4.40 | %
2020 | 4.50 | % |  | 4.50 | %
Year at which the Rate Reaches the Ultimate Trend Rate | Pre-age 65 |  | Post-age 65
2021 | 2030 |  | 2030
2020 | 2026 |  | 2026

Based on amendments to the U.S. plan approved in 1999, which became effective in 2003, cost increases borne by the Company are limited to the Urban CPI, as defined.
F-30 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Retirement plan assets
The following table sets forth the weighted-average asset allocations of the Company’s retirement plans at 2021 and 2020, by asset category.

Asset Category |  |  | U.S. |  | U.K. |  | Canada
Equity securities | 2021 |  | 23.5 | % |  | 32.8 | % |  | 33.6 | %
2020 |  | 0.6 | % |  | 41.4 | % |  | 34.8 | %
Debt securities | 2021 |  | 72.0 | % |  | 66.6 | % |  | 66.4 | %
2020 |  | 92.2 | % |  | 58.1 | % |  | 55.4 | %
Cash and short-term investments | 2021 |  | 4.5 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | — | %
2020 |  | 7.2 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 9.8 | %
Total | 2021 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
2020 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

The Company employs a total-return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a desired level of risk. Alternative assets such as real estate funds, private equity funds and hedge funds may also be used to enhance expected long-term returns while improving portfolio diversification. Risk tolerance is established through consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status and corporate financial condition. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through periodic investment portfolio reviews and periodic asset/liability studies.
At December 31, 2021, postretirement benefit plan assets totaled $431,047, of which $51,715, $304,582, and $50,837 were assets of the U.S., U.K. and Canadian Defined Benefit Plans, respectively.
U.S. defined benefit plans
The Company has adopted investment guidelines for both the Active and Inactive Plans based on asset/liability studies for each. These guidelines established a dynamic derisking framework for gradually shifting the allocation of assets to long-duration domestic fixed income from equity and other asset categories, as the relative funding ratio of each plan increased over time. Beginning in 2019, the Company accelerated the derisking measures in its U.S. defined benefit plans by reallocating plan assets to a more conservative mix of primarily fixed income investments. Subsequent to these derisking actions, the Inactive Plan was terminated effective September 30, 2019 and fully settled in June 2021. As of December 31, 2021, only the Active Plan remains. The current target allocation (midpoint) for the Active Plan investment portfolio is: Equity Securities - 20% and Debt Securities – 80%.
United Kingdom defined benefit plan
The equity investments consist of direct ownership and funds and are diversified among U.K. and international stocks of small and large capitalizations. The current target allocation (midpoint) for the investment portfolio is: Equity Securities – 32% and Debt Securities – 68%.
Canada defined benefit plan
The equity investments consist of direct ownership and funds and are diversified among Canadian and international stocks of primarily large capitalizations and short to intermediate duration corporate and government bonds. The current target allocation (midpoint) for the investment portfolio is 28% Equity Securities and 72% Debt Securities.
Retiree health and life insurance plan assets
The following table sets forth the weighted-average asset allocations by asset category of the Company’s retiree health and life insurance plan.

Asset Category | 2021 |  | 2020
Equity securities | —% |  | —%
Debt securities | 100.0% |  | 100.0%
Cash | —% |  | —%
Total | 100.0% |  | 100.0%

Contributions
Based on current actuarial estimates, the Company anticipates that contributions to its defined benefit plans will be approximately $16,000 in 2022. No assurances can be made about funding requirements beyond 2022, however, as they will depend largely on actual investment returns and future actuarial assumptions.
Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan
The Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan is a defined contribution retirement plan provided for certain of the Company’s U.S. employees. The plan is comprised of both an elective and non-elective component.
The elective component of the plan, which is designed to meet the requirements of section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, allows participants to set aside a portion of their wages and salaries for retirement and encourages saving by matching a portion of their contributions with contributions from the Company. The plan provides for participant contributions of 1% to 100% of gross pay. Since January 1, 2010, the Company has matched 50% on the first 4% of compensation contributed by the participant as pretax contributions which are immediately fully vested. The Company’s expenses related to the plan for 2021, 2020 and 2019 were approximately $13,900, $13,700 and $13,400, respectively.
The non-elective component of the plan, the Sonoco Retirement Contribution (SRC), is available to certain employees who are not currently active participants in the Company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan. The SRC provides for an annual Company contribution of 4% of all eligible pay plus 4% of eligible pay in excess of the Social Security wage base to eligible participant accounts. Participants are fully vested after three years of service or upon reaching age 55, if earlier. The Company’s expenses related to the plan for 2021, 2020 and 2019 were approximately $22,914, $23,505 and $23,752, respectively. Cash contributions to the SRC totaled $22,665, $22,503 and $14,573 in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are expected to total approximately $22,000 in 2022.
F-31 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

In October 2021, the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan to eliminate the SRC and to increase the Company's 401(k) matching contribution to 100% of the first 6% of pretax and/or Roth compensation contributed by the participant effective as of December 31, 2021. The amendment is expected to be neutral to total expense in 2022, but will be negative to operating cash flows in 2022 due to the timing of funding 401(k) matching contributions subsequent to each pay period compared with the annual funding of the SRC.
Other plans
The Company also provides retirement and postretirement benefits to certain other non-U.S. employees through various Company-sponsored and local government sponsored defined contribution arrangements. For the most part, the liabilities related to these arrangements are funded in the period they arise. The Company’s expenses for these plans were not material for all years presented.
14. Income taxes
The provision for taxes on income for the years ended December 31 consists of the following:

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Pretax income |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | (342,951) |  |  | $ | 54,397 |  |  | $ | 217,098 |
Foreign | 181,969 |  |  | 201,195 |  |  | 163,668 |
Total pretax income | $ | (160,982) |  |  | $ | 255,592 |  |  | $ | 380,766 |
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 21,247 |  |  | $ | 10,868 |  |  | $ | 14,933 |
State | 15,212 |  |  | 4,608 |  |  | 2,565 |
Foreign | 55,018 |  |  | 42,764 |  |  | 45,911 |
Total current | $ | 91,477 |  |  | $ | 58,240 |  |  | $ | 63,409 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (120,243) |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | 25,064 |
State | $ | (39,709) |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | 8,599 |
Foreign | 1,045 |  |  | (6,154) |  |  | (3,803) |
Total deferred | $ | (158,907) |  |  | $ | (5,210) |  |  | $ | 29,860 |
Total taxes | $ | (67,430) |  |  | $ | 53,030 |  |  | $ | 93,269 |

Deferred tax (liabilities)/assets are comprised of the following at December 31:

| 2021 |  | 2020
Property, plant and equipment | $ | (97,806) |  |  | $ | (91,752) |
Intangibles | (96,057) |  |  | (110,796) |
Leases | (75,587) |  |  | (79,531) |
Gross deferred tax liabilities | $ | (269,450) |  |  | $ | (282,079) |
Retiree health benefits | $ | 2,935 |  |  | $ | 4,065 |
Foreign loss carryforwards | 76,462 |  |  | 81,143 |
U.S. Federal loss and credit carryforwards | 34,700 |  |  | 78,100 |
Capital loss carryforwards | 4,050 |  |  | 3,121 |
Employee benefits | 46,503 |  |  | 47,134 |
Leases | 78,518 |  |  | 84,076 |
Accrued liabilities and other assets | 75,611 |  |  | 69,341 |
Gross deferred tax assets | $ | 318,779 |  |  | $ | 366,980 |
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets | $ | (93,992) |  |  | $ | (128,435) |
Total deferred taxes, net | $ | (44,663) |  |  | $ | (43,534) |

The Company has total federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $53,675 remaining at December 31, 2021. These losses are limited based upon future taxable earnings of the Company and expire between 2030 and 2036. U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $21,769 exist at December 31, 2021 and expire in 2027. Foreign subsidiary loss carryforwards of approximately $307,002 remain at December 31, 2021. Their use is limited to future taxable earnings of the respective foreign subsidiaries or filing groups. Approximately $191,458 of these loss carryforwards do not have an expiration date. Of the remaining foreign subsidiary loss carryforwards, approximately $16,951 expire within the next five years and approximately $98,594 expire between 2027 and 2041. Foreign subsidiary capital loss carryforwards of approximately $16,187 exist at December 31, 2021 and do not have an expiration date. Their use is limited to future capital gains of the respective foreign subsidiaries.
Approximately $11,086 in tax value of state loss carryforwards and $16,636 of state credit carryforwards remain at December 31, 2021. These state loss and credit carryforwards are limited based upon future taxable earnings of the respective entities or filing group and expire between 2022 and 2041. State loss and credit carryforwards are reflected at their "tax" value, as opposed to the amount of expected gross deduction due to the vastly different apportionment and statutory tax rates applicable to the various entities and states in which the Company files.
F-32 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the actual (benefit from)/provision for income taxes is as follows:

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Statutory tax rate | $ | (33,806) |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 53,674 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 79,961 |  |  | 21.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | (15,863) |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | 4,859 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 7,767 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Valuation allowance | (33,576) |  |  | 20.9 | % |  | 1,589 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 3,174 |  |  | 0.8 | %
Tax examinations including change in reserve for uncertain tax positions | 5,665 |  |  | (3.5) | % |  | 5,546 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | (1,639) |  |  | (0.4) | %
Adjustments to prior year deferred taxes | 1,239 |  |  | (0.8) | % |  | (265) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  | (499) |  |  | (0.1) | %
Foreign earnings taxed at other than U.S. rates | 9,659 |  |  | (6.0) | % |  | 3,275 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 5,083 |  |  | 1.3 | %
Divestiture of business | (808) |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | (15,356) |  |  | (6.0) | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Effect of tax rate changes | 275 |  |  | (0.2) | % |  | (523) |  |  | (0.2) | % |  | 531 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Foreign withholding taxes | 8,107 |  |  | (5.0) | % |  | 2,157 |  |  | 0.8 | % |  | 2,015 |  |  | 0.5 | %
Tax credits | (21,936) |  |  | 13.6 | % |  | (13,529) |  |  | (5.3) | % |  | (13,310) |  |  | (3.5) | %
Global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) | 11,323 |  |  | (7.0) | % |  | 15,795 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  | 12,340 |  |  | 3.2 | %
Foreign-derived intangible income | (202) |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | (1,238) |  |  | (0.5) | % |  | (1,225) |  |  | (0.3) | %
Foreign currency gain/(loss) on distributions of previously taxed income | 3,365 |  |  | (2.1) | % |  | (344) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Other, net | (872) |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | (2,610) |  |  | (1.1) | % |  | (929) |  |  | (0.2) | %
(Benefit from)/Provision for income taxes | $ | (67,430) |  |  | 41.9 | % |  | $ | 53,030 |  |  | 20.7 | % |  | $ | 93,269 |  |  | 24.4 | %

The total amount of the one-time transition tax on certain accumulated foreign earnings as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") was $80,580. Under the provisions of the Tax Act, the transition tax is payable in installments over a period of 8 years. The first two installments were paid in 2018 and 2019 with the filing of the Company's 2017 and 2018 U.S. income tax returns. The liability is further reduced by the deemed overpayment of federal income taxes. In 2021 the Company amended its 2017 U.S. income tax return to reflect a decrease in the transition tax from the increased use of foreign tax credits. The resulting overpayment reduced the remaining installment payments by $44,500. The remaining obligation of $1,795 is included in "Other Liabilities" in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021.
The change in “Tax examinations including change in reserve for uncertain tax positions” is shown net of associated deferred taxes and accrued interest. Included in the change are net increases in reserves for uncertain tax positions of approximately $2,330, $1,866 and $1,832 for uncertain items arising in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, combined with adjustments related to prior year items, primarily decreases related to lapses of statutes of limitations in international, federal and state jurisdictions as well as overall changes in facts and judgment. These adjustments changed the reserve by a total of approximately $3,743, $(2,601) and $(3,471) in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
In many of the countries in which the Company operates, earnings are taxed at rates different than in the U.S. This difference is reflected in “Foreign earnings taxed at other than U.S. rates” along with other items, if any, that impacted taxes on foreign earnings in the periods presented.
The benefits included in “Adjustments to prior year deferred taxes” for each of the years presented consist primarily of adjustments to deferred tax assets and liabilities arising from changes in estimates.
The benefits included in "Divestiture of business" relate to the sale of the Company's European contract packaging business.
Of the $21,936 of tax credits for 2021, $8,208 directly offsets the $11,323 of GILTI tax, resulting in a net GILTI tax of $3,115. Of the remainder, $10,980 relates to Research & Development tax credits, which is made up of amounts for both 2021 and 2020 tax years.
The benefits included in "Valuation allowance" include a $39,843 net recognized benefit associated with the amendment of the Company's 2017 U.S. income tax return to report increased utilization of its foreign tax credits.
The Company maintains its assertion that its undistributed foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, has not recorded any deferred income tax liabilities that would be due if those earnings were repatriated. As of December 31, 2021, these undistributed earnings total $849,720. While the majority of these earnings have already been taxed in the U.S., a portion would be subject to foreign withholding and U.S. income taxes and credits if distributed. Computation of the deferred tax liability associated with unremitted earnings deemed to be indefinitely reinvested is not practicable at this time.
Reserve for uncertain tax positions
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning and ending of the periods indicated:

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits at January 1 | $ | 11,230 |  |  | $ | 12,200 |  |  | $ | 14,400 |
Increases in prior years’ unrecognized tax benefits | 12,283 |  |  | 91 |  |  | — |
Decreases in prior years’ unrecognized tax benefits | (275) |  |  | (464) |  |  | (1,300) |
Increases in current year's unrecognized tax benefits | 1,088 |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | 1,300 |
Decreases in unrecognized tax benefits from the lapse of statutes of limitations | (6,170) |  |  | (1,866) |  |  | (2,300) |
Settlements | (14) |  |  | (300) |  |  | 100 |
Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits at December 31 | $ | 18,142 |  |  | $ | 11,230 |  |  | $ | 12,200 |

Of the unrecognized tax benefit balances at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $17,425 and $10,470, respectively, would have an impact on the effective tax rate if ultimately recognized.
F-33 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Interest and/or penalties related to income taxes are reported as part of income tax expense. The Company had $875 and $2,006 accrued for interest related to uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021, includes an interest benefit of $1,131, which is comprised of an interest benefit of $1,396 related to the adjustment of prior years' items and interest expense of $265 on unrecognized tax benefits. The amounts listed above for accrued interest and interest expense do not reflect the benefit of a federal tax deduction which would be available if the interest were ultimately paid.
The Company and/or its subsidiaries file federal, state and local income tax returns in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.
The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the amount reserved for uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2021 will decrease by $224 over the next twelve months. This change includes the anticipated increase in reserves related to existing positions offset by settlements of issues currently under examination and the release of existing reserves due to the expiration of the statute of limitations. Although the Company's estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental, management believes that any reasonably foreseeable outcomes related to these matters have been adequately provided for. However, future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to estimated tax liabilities in the period the assessments are made or resolved or when statutes of limitation on potential assessments expire. Additionally, the jurisdictions in which earnings or deductions are realized may differ from current estimates. As a result, the effective tax rate may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. The Company has operations in many countries outside of the United States and the taxes paid on those earnings are subject to varying rates. The Company is not dependent upon the favorable benefit of any one jurisdiction to an extent that loss of those benefits would have a material effect on the Company's overall effective tax rate.
As previously disclosed, in February 2017 the Company received a Notice of Proposed Adjustment (“NOPA”) from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") proposing adjustments to the 2012 and 2013 tax years. In 2018, the Company filed a protest to the proposed deficiency and the matter was referred to the Appeals Division of the IRS. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company paid $5,613 in taxes and interest to settle the dispute.
15. Revenue Recognition
The Company changed its operating and reporting structure in January 2021, realigning certain of its reportable segments. The revised structure consists of two reportable segments, Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining business reported as All Other. The Company's reportable segments are aligned by product nature as disclosed in Note 18. Previously reported amounts have been recast to conform to the current year presentation.
The following tables set forth information about revenue disaggregated by primary geographic regions for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The tables also include a reconciliation of disaggregated revenue with reportable segments.

Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  | Consumer Packaging |  | Industrial Paper Packaging |  | All Other |  | Total
Primary geographical markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,607,810 |  |  | $ | 1,421,684 |  |  | $ | 620,596 |  |  | $ | 3,650,090 |
Europe |  | 444,734 |  |  | 408,093 |  |  | 88,828 |  |  | 941,655 |
Canada |  | 117,492 |  |  | 94,780 |  |  | — |  |  | 212,272 |
Asia Pacific |  | 82,882 |  |  | 316,841 |  |  | 1,280 |  |  | 401,003 |
Other |  | 115,429 |  |  | 222,914 |  |  | 47,075 |  |  | 385,418 |
Total |  | $ | 2,368,347 |  |  | $ | 2,464,312 |  |  | $ | 757,779 |  |  | $ | 5,590,438 |

Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  | Consumer Packaging |  | Industrial Paper Packaging |  | All Other |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary geographical markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,581,639 |  |  | $ | 1,177,903 |  |  | $ | 651,721 |  |  | $ | 3,411,263 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe |  | 394,473 |  |  | 328,410 |  |  | 332,947 |  |  | 1,055,830 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  | 96,457 |  |  | 84,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 181,425 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific |  | 74,823 |  |  | 241,163 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 316,670 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 82,467 |  |  | 159,030 |  |  | 30,758 |  |  | 272,255 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 2,229,859 |  |  | $ | 1,991,474 |  |  | $ | 1,016,110 |  |  | $ | 5,237,443 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

F-34 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  | Consumer Packaging |  | Industrial Paper Packaging |  | All Other |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary geographical markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,571,030 |  |  | $ | 1,178,904 |  |  | $ | 658,525 |  |  | $ | 3,408,459 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe |  | 368,417 |  |  | 346,102 |  |  | 364,247 |  |  | 1,078,766 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  | 108,848 |  |  | 117,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 226,049 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific |  | 70,504 |  |  | 278,401 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | 350,259 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 89,775 |  |  | 177,272 |  |  | 43,627 |  |  | 310,674 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 2,208,574 |  |  | $ | 2,097,880 |  |  | $ | 1,067,753 |  |  | $ | 5,374,207 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Contract assets represent goods produced without alternative use for which the Company is entitled to payment with margin prior to shipment. Upon shipment, the Company is entitled to bill the customer, and therefore amounts included in contract assets will be reduced with the recording of an account receivable as they represent an unconditional right to payment. Contract liabilities represent revenue deferred due to pricing mechanisms utilized by the Company in certain multi-year arrangements, volume rebates, and receipts of advanced payments. For multi-year arrangements with pricing mechanisms, the Company will generally defer revenue during the initial term of the arrangement, and will release the deferral over the back half of the contract term. Contract assets and liabilities are generally short in duration given the nature of products produced by the Company.
The following table sets forth information about contract assets and liabilities from contracts with customers. The balances of the contract assets and liabilities are located in "Other receivables" and "Accrued expenses and other" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

|  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Contract Assets |  | $ | 51,106 |  |  | $ | 48,390 |
Contract Liabilities |  | (18,993) |  |  | (16,687) |

Significant changes in the contract assets and liabilities balances during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | Contract Asset |  | Contract Liability |  | Contract Asset |  | Contract Liability
Beginning balance |  | $ | 48,390 |  |  | $ | (16,687) |  |  | $ | 56,364 |  |  | $ | (17,047) |
Revenue deferred or rebates accrued |  | — |  |  | (36,527) |  |  | — |  |  | (32,512) |
Recognized as revenue |  | — |  |  | 7,238 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,189 |
Rebates paid to customers |  | — |  |  | 26,983 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,683 |
Increases due to rights to consideration for customer specific goods produced, but not billed during the period |  | 51,106 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,390 |  |  | — |
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period |  | (48,390) |  |  | — |  |  | (56,364) |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  | $ | 51,106 |  |  | $ | (18,993) |  |  | $ | 48,390 |  |  | $ | (16,687) |

16. Commitments and contingencies
Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, accruals for estimated losses are recorded at the time information becomes available indicating that losses are probable and that the amounts are reasonably estimable. As is the case with other companies in similar industries, the Company faces exposure from actual or potential claims and legal proceedings from a variety of sources. Some of these exposures, as discussed below, have the potential to be material.
Environmental matters
The Company is subject to a variety of environmental and pollution control laws and regulations in all jurisdictions in which it operates.
Spartanburg
In connection with its acquisition of Tegrant in November 2011, the Company identified potential environmental contamination at a site in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The total remediation cost of the Spartanburg site was estimated to be $17,400 at the time of the acquisition and an accrual in this amount was recorded on Tegrant’s opening balance sheet. Since the acquisition, the Company has spent a total of $1,845 on remediation of the Spartanburg site.
Based on favorable developments at the Spartanburg site, the Company reduced its estimated environmental reserve by $10,000 during the third quarter of 2019 in order to reflect its revised best estimate of what it is likely to pay in order to complete the remediation. This adjustment resulted in a $10,000 reduction in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2019.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's accrual for environmental contingencies related to the Spartanburg site totaled $5,555 and $5,700, respectively. The Company cannot currently estimate its potential liability, damages or range of potential loss, if any, beyond the amounts
F-35 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

accrued with respect to this exposure. However, the Company does not believe that the resolution of this matter has a reasonable possibility of having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements.
Other environmental matters
The Company has been named as a potentially responsible party at several other environmentally contaminated sites. All of the sites are also the responsibility of other parties. The potential remediation liabilities are shared with such other parties, and, in most cases, the Company’s share, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated at the current time. However, the Company does not believe that the resolution of these matters has a reasonable possibility of having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's accrual for these other sites totaled $1,825 and $2,433, respectively.
Summary
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company (and its subsidiaries) had accrued $7,380 and $8,133, respectively, related to environmental contingencies. These accruals are included in “Accrued expenses and other” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other legal and regulatory matters
As previously disclosed, in February 2017 the Company received a Notice of Proposed Adjustment (“NOPA”) from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) proposing adjustments to the 2012 and 2013 tax years. In 2018, the Company filed a protest to the proposed deficiency and the matter was referred to the Appeals Division of the IRS. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company paid $5,613 in taxes and interest to settle the dispute.
Commitments
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had long-term obligations to purchase electricity and steam, which it uses in its production processes, as well as long-term purchase commitments for certain raw materials, principally old corrugated containers. These purchase commitments require the Company to make total payments of approximately $99,271, as follows: $81,398 in 2022; $15,153 in 2023; $1,419 in 2024, $1,301 in 2025, and a total of $0 from 2026 through 2030.
17. Shareholders’ equity and earnings per share
Share repurchases
On April 20, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized the repurchase of the Company's common stock in an aggregate amount of up to $350,000. Following the transactions described below, a total of $137,972 remains available for share repurchases under this authorization as of December 31, 2021.
On May 6, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 53,500 shares for $3,615 from a private stockholder based upon the average stock price on that day.
On May 10, 2021, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement ("ASR Agreement") with a financial institution to repurchase outstanding shares of the Company's common stock. In exchange for an upfront payment of $150,000, which was funded with available cash on hand, the financial institution delivered 1,751,825 initial shares to the Company, representing 80% of the expected number of shares to be repurchased during the repurchase period based upon the closing stock price on May 10, 2021 of $68.50 per share. The initial shares received were retired by the Company. The final number of shares repurchased and retired was based on the Company's volume-weighted average share price during the repurchase period, less a discount and subject to certain adjustments (the "Settlement Price").
Pursuant to the ASR Agreement, the financial institution elected to accelerate the settlement of the transaction in two tranches. On July 21, 2021, the financial institution transferred 167,743 additional shares to the Company based upon an effective Settlement Price of $66.52 and a notional value of $50,000, or one third of the total $150,000 prepayment. On July 26, 2021, the financial institution transferred 336,996 additional shares to the Company upon full settlement of the remaining $100,000 notional value of the transaction at the final Settlement Price of $66.45.
On October 25, 2021, the Company entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Repurchase Plan with a financial institution to repurchase outstanding shares of the Company's common stock pursuant to its Board authorization. The Company repurchased and retired 976,191 shares for $58,413 prior to the termination of the trading period on November 23, 2021.
The costs of these share repurchases were allocated to "Capital in excess of stated value" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021.
The Company occasionally repurchases shares of its common stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations in association with the exercise of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and performance-based stock awards. These repurchases, which are not part of a publicly announced plan or program, totaled 99,824 shares during 2021, 148,680 shares during 2020, and 169,290 shares during 2019, at a cost of $6,057, $8,483 and $9,608, respectively.
F-36 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Earnings per share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss)/income attributable to Sonoco | $ | (85,477) |  |  | $ | 207,463 |  |  | $ | 291,785 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 99,608 |  |  | 100,939 |  |  | 100,742 |
Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 270 |  |  | 434 |
Diluted outstanding shares | 99,608 |  |  | 101,209 |  |  | 101,176 |
Per common share: |  |  |  |  |
(Loss)/Income available to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.86) |  |  | $ | 2.06 |  |  | $ | 2.90 |
Diluted | $ | (0.86) |  |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 2.88 |
Cash dividends | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 1.72 |  |  | $ | 1.70 |

No adjustments were made to "Net income/(loss) attributable to Sonoco" in the computations of net income/(loss) attributable to Sonoco per common share.
Potentially dilutive securities are calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method. For stock appreciation rights (SARs), in particular, the treasury stock method assumes the proceeds from the exercise of all dilutive SARs are used to repurchase the Company’s common stock. Certain SARs are not dilutive because either the exercise price is greater than the average market price of the stock during the reporting period or assumed repurchases from proceeds from the exercise of the SARs were antidilutive.
The average number of shares that were not dilutive and therefore not included in the computation of diluted (loss) income per share was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Anti-dilutive stock appreciation rights | 202 |  |  | 772 |  |  | 475 |

These stock appreciation rights may become dilutive in future periods if the market price of the Company’s common stock appreciates.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding, assuming all dilutive potential common shares were issued, unless doing so is anti-dilutive. Such securities have an anti-dilutive impact in those periods in which a loss is reported. Diluted net loss per share of common stock for the year ended December 31, 2021 is the same as basic net loss per share because otherwise dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share. The number of potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $470.
18. Segment reporting
The Company changed its operating and reporting structure in January 2021 and, as a result, realigned certain of its reportable segments effective January 1, 2021. The revised structure consists of two reportable segments, Consumer Packaging and Industrial Paper Packaging, with all remaining businesses reported as All Other.
The Company's former Protective Solutions and Display and Packaging segments have been eliminated and the underlying businesses and their results have been realigned into All Other or, in certain cases, subsumed into the remaining two segments.
The Consumer Packaging segment primarily serves prepared and fresh food markets along with other packaging for direct consumer products and includes the following products and services: round and shaped rigid paper containers; metal and peelable membrane ends and closures; thermoformed plastic trays and containers; printed flexible packaging; and global brand artwork management.
The Industrial Paper Packaging segment, previously called Paper and Industrial Converted Products, includes the following products: fiber-based tubes, cones, and cores; fiber-based construction tubes; fiber-based protective packaging and components; wooden, metal and composite wire and cable reels and spools; and recycled paperboard, corrugating medium, recovered paper and material recycling services.
Businesses grouped as All Other include healthcare, protective and retail security packaging and industrial plastic products. These businesses include the following products and services: thermoformed rigid plastic trays and devices; custom-engineered molded foam protective packaging and components; temperature-assured packaging; injection molded and extruded containers, spools and parts; retail security packaging, including printed backer cards, thermoformed blisters and heat sealing equipment; and paper amenities. Prior to the divestiture of the Company's global display and packaging business in two separate transactions, the European contract packaging business on November 30, 2020 and the U.S. display and packaging business on April 4, 2021, these businesses, which included point-of-purchase displays, fulfillment operations, and contract packaging, were reported in All Other.
Restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, gains or losses from the divestiture of businesses, insurance settlement gains, acquisition-related costs, non-operating pension costs, interest expense and interest income are included in (loss)/income before income taxes under "Corporate".
F-37 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following table sets forth financial information about each of the Company's business segments. Segment financial information for prior periods has been recast to conform to the current-year presentation.

| Years ended December 31
| Consumer Packaging |  | Industrial Paper Packaging |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated
Total Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 2,373,583 |  |  | 2,578,379 |  |  | 768,476 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 5,720,438 |
2020 | 2,234,292 |  |  | 2,090,731 |  |  | 1,024,060 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,349,083 |
2019 | 2,213,874 |  |  | 2,208,871 |  |  | 1,078,496 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,501,241 |
Intersegment Sales 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 5,236 |  |  | 114,067 |  |  | 10,697 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 130,000 |
2020 | 4,433 |  |  | 99,257 |  |  | 7,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 111,640 |
2019 | 5,300 |  |  | 110,991 |  |  | 10,743 |  |  | — |  |  | 127,034 |
Sales to Unaffiliated Customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 2,368,347 |  |  | 2,464,312 |  |  | 757,779 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 5,590,438 |
2020 | 2,229,859 |  |  | 1,991,474 |  |  | 1,016,110 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,237,443 |
2019 | 2,208,574 |  |  | 2,097,880 |  |  | 1,067,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,374,207 |
(Loss) / Income Before Income Taxes 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 252,824 |  |  | 218,345 |  |  | 44,195 |  |  | (676,346) |  |  | $ | (160,982) |
2020 | 278,443 |  |  | 176,809 |  |  | 71,737 |  |  | (271,397) |  |  | 255,592 |
2019 | 207,408 |  |  | 244,982 |  |  | 73,002 |  |  | (144,626) |  |  | 380,766 |
Identifiable Assets 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 1,956,688 |  |  | 1,971,293 |  |  | 886,647 |  |  | 258,607 |  |  | $ | 5,073,235 |
2020 | 1,926,294 |  |  | 1,805,388 |  |  | 1,018,091 |  |  | 527,486 |  |  | 5,277,259 |
2019 | 1,950,127 |  |  | 1,736,734 |  |  | 1,287,281 |  |  | 152,147 |  |  | 5,126,289 |
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 98,737 |  |  | 96,084 |  |  | 44,265 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 239,086 |
2020 | 109,310 |  |  | 94,801 |  |  | 51,248 |  |  | — |  |  | 255,359 |
2019 | 107,948 |  |  | 86,861 |  |  | 44,331 |  |  | — |  |  | 239,140 |
Capital Expenditures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | 60,532 |  |  | 150,225 |  |  | 22,780 |  |  | 22,482 |  |  | $ | 256,019 |
2020 | 59,040 |  |  | 87,549 |  |  | 24,701 |  |  | 22,837 |  |  | 194,127 |
2019 | 61,787 |  |  | 112,852 |  |  | 14,204 |  |  | 7,091 |  |  | 195,934 |

1 | Intersegment sales are recorded at a market-related transfer price.

2 | Included in Corporate above are interest expense, interest income, restructuring/asset impairment charges, property insurance settlement gains, non-operating pension costs, acquisition/divestiture-related charges, and other non-operational income and expenses associated with the following segments:

| Consumer Packaging |  | Industrial Paper Packaging |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Total
2021 | $ | 4,197 |  |  | $ | (3,056) |  |  | $ | 5,343 |  |  | $ | 669,862 |  |  | $ | 676,346 |
2020 | 100,166 |  |  | 33,450 |  |  | 27,835 |  |  | 109,946 |  |  | 271,397 |
2019 | 40,831 |  |  | 5,491 |  |  | 1,828 |  |  | 96,476 |  |  | 144,626 |

| The remaining amounts reported as Corporate consist of interest expense, interest income, non-operating pension costs, and other non-operational income and expenses not associated with a particular segment.
3 | Identifiable assets are those assets used by each segment in its operations. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments in affiliates, headquarters facilities, deferred income taxes and prepaid expenses.
4 | Depreciation, depletion and amortization incurred at Corporate are allocated to the reportable segments.

F-38 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Geographic regions
Sales to unaffiliated customers and long-lived assets by geographic region are as follows:

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Sales to Unaffiliated Customers |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 3,650,090 |  |  | $ | 3,411,263 |  |  | $ | 3,408,459 |
Europe | 941,655 |  |  | 1,055,830 |  |  | 1,078,766 |
Canada | 212,272 |  |  | 181,425 |  |  | 226,049 |
Asia Pacific | 401,003 |  |  | 316,670 |  |  | 350,259 |
Other | 385,418 |  |  | 272,255 |  |  | 310,674 |
Total | $ | 5,590,438 |  |  | $ | 5,237,443 |  |  | $ | 5,374,207 |
Long-lived Assets |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 2,078,342 |  |  | $ | 2,016,185 |  |  | $ | 2,177,918 |
Europe | 545,211 |  |  | 673,725 |  |  | 648,648 |
Canada | 104,913 |  |  | 102,932 |  |  | 107,470 |
Asia Pacific | 157,084 |  |  | 163,393 |  |  | 160,740 |
Other | 68,949 |  |  | 51,001 |  |  | 64,043 |
Total | $ | 2,954,499 |  |  | $ | 3,007,236 |  |  | $ | 3,158,819 |

Sales are attributed to countries/regions based upon the plant location from which products are shipped. Long-lived assets are comprised of property, plant and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets and investment in affiliates (see Notes 6 and 8).
19. Accumulated other comprehensive loss
The following table summarizes the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss and the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as applicable, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

| Foreign Currency Items |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  | Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | (241,994) |  |  | $ | (574,413) |  |  | $ | (396) |  |  | $ | (816,803) |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications | 60,336 |  |  | (10,480) |  |  | (2,952) |  |  | 46,904 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income | (12,366) |  |  | 22,146 |  |  | 3,278 |  |  | 13,058 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to fixed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | 47,970 |  |  | 11,666 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 59,961 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | (194,024) |  |  | $ | (562,747) |  |  | $ | (71) |  |  | $ | (756,842) |
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications | (75,052) |  |  | 49,145 |  |  | 7,589 |  |  | (18,318) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss | — |  |  | 422,205 |  |  | (6,258) |  |  | 415,947 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to fixed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | (212) |  |  | (212) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (75,052) |  |  | 471,350 |  |  | 1,119 |  |  | 397,417 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | (269,076) |  |  | $ | (91,397) |  |  | $ | 1,048 |  |  | $ | (359,425) |

F-39 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and the affected line items in the consolidated statements of net income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components | Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income
Foreign currency items |  |  |  |  |
Amounts reclassified to net (loss)/income | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,366 |  |  | Loss on divestiture of business,net
| — |  |  | 12,366 |  |  | Net (loss)/income
Defined benefit pension items (see Note 13) |  |  |  |  |
Effect of settlement loss | (550,706) |  |  | (854) |  |  | Non-operating pension cost
Effect of curtailment loss | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | Non-operating pension cost
Amortization of defined benefit pension items | (16,659) |  |  | (28,726) |  |  | Non-operating pension cost
| (567,365) |  |  | (29,612) |  |  |
| 145,160 |  |  | 7,466 |  |  | (Benefit from)/Provision for income taxes
| (422,205) |  |  | (22,146) |  |  | Net (loss)/income
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges (see Note 10) |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | 3,212 |  |  | (6,662) |  |  | Net Sales
Foreign exchange contracts | (2,544) |  |  | 3,576 |  |  | Cost of sales
Commodity contracts | 7,794 |  |  | (1,213) |  |  | Cost of sales
| 8,462 |  |  | (4,299) |  |  | (Loss)/Income before income taxes
| (2,204) |  |  | 1,021 |  |  | (Benefit from)/Provision for income taxes
| 6,258 |  |  | (3,278) |  |  | Net (loss)/income
Total reclassifications for the period | $ | (415,947) |  |  | $ | (13,058) |  |  | Net (loss)/income

The following table summarizes the tax (expense) benefit amounts for the other comprehensive loss components for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | For the year ended December 31, 2021 |  | For the year ended December 31, 2020
|  | Before Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | After Tax Amount |  | Before Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | After Tax Amount
Foreign currency items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications(a) |  | $ | (75,052) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (75,052) |  |  | $ | 67,917 |  | $ | (7,581) |  | $ | 60,336 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net (loss)/income |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | (12,366) |  | — |  | (12,366) |
Gains and losses on foreign currency items: |  | (75,052) |  | — |  | (75,052) |  |  | 55,551 |  | (7,581) |  | 47,970 |
Defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications |  | 63,559 |  | (14,414) |  | 49,145 |  |  | (13,217) |  | 2,737 |  | (10,480) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net (loss)/income(b) |  | 567,365 |  | (145,160) |  | 422,205 |  |  | 29,612 |  | (7,466) |  | 22,146 |
Net other comprehensive income/(loss) from defined benefit pension items(c) |  | 630,924 |  | (159,574) |  | 471,350 |  |  | 16,395 |  | (4,729) |  | 11,666 |
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications |  | 10,249 |  | (2,660) |  | 7,589 |  |  | (3,823) |  | 871 |  | (2,952) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net (loss)/income |  | (8,462) |  | 2,204 |  | (6,258) |  |  | 4,299 |  | (1,021) |  | 3,278 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to fixed assets |  | (289) |  | 77 |  | (212) |  |  | (1) |  | — |  | (1) |
Net other comprehensive income/(loss) from cash flow hedges |  | 1,498 |  | (379) |  | 1,119 |  |  | 475 |  | (150) |  | 325 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | $ | 557,370 |  | $ | (159,953) |  | $ | 397,417 |  |  | $ | 72,421 |  | $ | (12,460) |  | $ | 59,961 |

(a) Other comprehensive (loss)/income from foreign currency items for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes the settlement gain and corresponding tax provision related to the termination of a net investment hedge. See Note 10 for more information.
(b)See Note 13 for more information.
F-40 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

(c)The net other comprehensive (loss)/income from defined benefit pension items includes pretax changes of $(32) and $4 during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, related to one of the Company’s equity method investments.
20. Subsequent Events
On January 21, 2022, the Company completed a registered public offering of unsecured notes (the "Notes") with an aggregate principal amount of $1,200,000. The Notes consisted of the following:

| Principal Amount |  | Interest Rate |  | Maturity
2025 Notes | $ | 400,000 |  |  | 1.800% |  | February 1, 2025
2027 Notes | 300,000 |  |  | 2.250% |  | February 1, 2027
2032 Notes | 500,000 |  |  | 2.850% |  | February 1, 2032
Total | $ | 1,200,000 |  |  |  |  |

The Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank equal in right of payment to the Company’s other senior unsecured debt from time to time outstanding. The Indenture contains certain covenants with respect to the Company that, among other things, restrict the entry into secured indebtedness, sale and leaseback transactions and certain mergers, consolidations and transfers of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets.
Also on January 21, 2022, the Company entered into a $300,000 term loan facility (the "Term Loan Facility") with a syndicate of eight banks. The full $300,000 was drawn from this facility on January 26, 2022, and the proceeds used to partially fund the acquisition of Ball Metalpack. The unsecured loan has a three-year term. Interest is assessed at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a margin based on a pricing grid that uses the registrant’s credit ratings. The current SOFR margin is 122.5 basis points. There is no required amortization and repayment can be accelerated at any time at our discretion.
On January 26, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Ball Metalpack, a joint venture owned by Platinum Equity and Ball Corporation, for $1,350,000 in cash subject to customary adjustments, including for working capital, cash and indebtedness. Ball Metalpack is a leading manufacturer of sustainable metal packaging for food and household products and the largest aerosol can producer in North America. The acquisition was funded primarily by proceeds from the issuance of the Notes, together with borrowings from the Term Loan Facility and the Company's commercial paper program. Previously part of Ball Corporation, the Ball Metalpack joint venture was formed in 2018 and has approximately 1,300 employees across eight manufacturing locations in the United States and a headquarters facility in Broomfield, Colorado. The Ball Metalpack name will be changed to Sonoco Metal Packaging.
Given the timing of completion of the acquisition, the Company is currently unable to provide a preliminary purchase price allocation. Such allocation, as well as any required pro forma financial disclosures required by ASC 805, are expected to be included in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2022.
F-41 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information disclosed in the reports that we file or submit is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the relevant time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. For this purpose, disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information that is required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that such controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2021, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, the end of the period covered by this report based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO").
Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 as stated in their report, which appears at the beginning of Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
The Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected timely.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurring during the three months ended December 31, 2021, that materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
36 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information set forth in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 20, 2022, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2021 (the "Proxy Statement"), under the captions “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” and “Delinquent Section 16 Reports,” is incorporated herein by reference. Information about executive officers of the Company is set forth in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Information About our Executive Officers.”
Code of Ethics – The Company has adopted a code of ethics (as defined in Item 406 of Regulation S-K) that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and other senior executive and senior financial officers. This code of ethics is available through the Company’s website, and is available in print to any shareholder who requests it. Any waivers or amendments to the provisions of this code of ethics will be posted to this website within four business days after the waiver or amendment.
Audit Committee Members – The Company has a separately designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The audit committee is comprised of the following members: Thomas E. Whiddon, Chairman; Theresa Drew; Robert R. Hill, Jr.; Eleni Istavridis; Richard G. Kyle; Blythe J. McGarvie; Marc D. Oken; and Lloyd M. Yates.
Audit Committee Financial Expert – The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that the Company has at least three “audit committee financial experts,” as that term is defined by Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, serving on its audit committee. Theresa Drew, Marc D. Oken, and Thomas E. Whiddon meet the terms of the definition and are independent based on the criteria in the New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards. Pursuant to the terms of Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K, a person who is determined to be an “audit committee financial expert” will not be deemed an expert for any purpose as a result of being designated or identified as an “audit committee financial expert” pursuant to Item 407, and such designation or identification does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such person as a member of the audit committee and Board of Directors in the absence of such designation or identification. Further, the designation or identification of a person as an “audit committee financial expert” pursuant to Item 407 does not affect the duties, obligations or liability of any other member of the audit committee or Board of Directors.
The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, Audit Committee Charter, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter and Executive Compensation Committee Charter are available through the Company’s website. This information is available in print to any shareholder who requests it.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” under the caption “Executive Compensation,” and under the caption “Director Compensation” is incorporated herein by reference. The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Compensation Committee Report” is also incorporated herein by reference, but pursuant to the Instructions to Item 407(e)(5) of Regulation S-K, such report shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or subject to Regulation 14A, and shall be deemed to be “furnished” and not “filed” and will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act as a result of being so furnished.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners,” and under the caption “Security Ownership of Management” is incorporated herein by reference.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth aggregated information about all of the Company’s compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2021:

Plan category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) |  | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))1 (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,253,595 |  |  | $ | 55.03 |  |  | 8,494,373
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 2,253,595 |  |  | $ | 55.03 |  |  | 8,494,373 |

1 | The Sonoco Products Company 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan") was adopted at the Company’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under this plan was set at 12,000,000 shares, which included all shares remaining under the 2014 Plan. Awards granted under all previous plans which are forfeited, expire or are cancelled without delivery of shares, or which result in forfeiture of shares back to the Company, will be added to the total shares available under the 2019 Plan. At December 31, 2021, a total of 8,494,373 shares remain available for future grant under the 2019 Plan.

The weighted-average exercise price of $55.03 relates to stock appreciation rights, which account for 879,671 of the 2,253,595 securities issuable upon exercise. The remaining 1,373,924 securities relate to deferred compensation stock units, performance-contingent restricted stock units and restricted stock unit awards that have no exercise price requirement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance – Director Independence Policies” is incorporated herein by reference. Each current member of the Audit, Corporate Governance and Nominating and Executive Compensation Committees is independent as defined in the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange.
37 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) |  | 1 |  |  | Financial Statements – The following financial statements are provided under Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
|  |  |  | – Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Fir m (P CAOB ID 238)
|  |  |  | – Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 202 1 and 20 20
|  |  |  | – Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 202 1, 20 20 and 201 9
|  |  |  | – Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
|  |  |  | – Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity for the years ended December 31, 202 1, 20 20 and 201 9
|  |  |  | – Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 202 1, 20 20 and 201 9
|  |  |  | – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|  | 2 |  |  | Financial Statement Schedules
|  |  |  | Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Column A | Column B |  | Column C - Additions |  |  | Column D |  |  | Column E
Description | Balance at Beginning of Year |  | Charged to Costs and Expenses |  |  | Charged to Other |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Balance at End of Year
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $ | 20,920 |  |  | $ | (824) |  |  |  | $ | (18) |  | 1 |  | $ | 427 |  | 2 |  | $ | 19,651 |
LIFO Reserve | 20,317 |  |  | 2,583 |  | 3 |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,900 |
Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets | 128,435 |  |  | (33,532) |  |  |  | (866) |  | 4 |  | 45 |  | 5 |  | 93,992 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $ | 14,382 |  |  | $ | 8,067 |  |  |  | $ | 54 |  | 1 |  | $ | 1,583 |  | 2 |  | $ | 20,920 |
LIFO Reserve | 20,203 |  |  | 114 |  | 3 |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,317 |
Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets | 105,347 |  |  | 22,816 |  |  |  | 2,447 |  | 4 |  | 2,175 |  | 5 |  | 128,435 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $ | 11,692 |  |  | $ | 4,320 |  |  |  | $ | 322 |  | 1 |  | $ | 1,952 |  | 2 |  | $ | 14,382 |
LIFO Reserve | 18,854 |  |  | 1,349 |  | 3 |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,203 |
Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets | 103,289 |  |  | 2,662 |  |  |  | (1,116) |  | 4 |  | (512) |  | 5 |  | 105,347 |

1 Includes translation adjustments and other insignificant adjustments.
2 Includes amounts written off.
3 Includes adjustments based on pricing and inventory levels.
4 Includes translation adjustments and increases to deferred tax assets which were previously fully reserved.
5 Includes utilization of capital loss carryforwards, net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets.
All other schedules not included have been omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the required information is given in the financial statements or notes thereto.

|  | 3 |  |  | The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index to this Form 10-K are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
38 FORM 10-K SONOCO 2021 ANNUAL REPORT

Exhibit Index

|  | 2-1* |  | Equity Purchase Agreement and Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 19, 2021, by and among Sonoco Products Company, Magnet Merger Sub LLC, Ball Metalpack Holding, LLC, PE Spray Holdings, L.P., and Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed December 21, 2021).
|  | 3-1 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended April 23, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 t o the Registrant's Form 8-K/A filed April 27, 2021)
|  | 3-2 |  | By-Laws of Sonoco Products Company, as amended April 21, 202 1 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, filed April 26, 202 1)
|  | 4-1 |  | Description of Securities of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to the description in the Registrant's Form 8-A, Amendment 4, filed June 15, 2020)
|  | 4-2 |  | Indenture, dated as of June 15, 1991, between Registrant and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhib it 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form S-4 (File Number 333-119863))
|  | 4-3 |  | Form of Second Supplemental Indenture, including form of 5.75% Notes due 2040, dated as of November 1, 2010, between Sonoco Products Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 28, 2010)
|  | 4-4 |  | Form of Fourth Supplemental Indenture, including form of 5.75% Notes due 2040, between Sonoco Products Company and T he Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 27, 2011)
|  | 4-5 |  | Form of Fifth Supplemental Indenture, in cluding form of 3.125% Notes due 2030, dated as of April 22, 2020, between Sonoco Products Company and T he Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed April 22, 2020)
|  | 4-6 |  | Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 21, 2022, between Sonoco Products Company and Regions Bank, as T rustee, including Forms of 1.800% Note due 2025, 2.250% Note due 20 2 7 and 2.850% Note due 2032 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed January 21, 2022)
|  | 10-1** |  | Sonoco Retirement and Savings Plan, am ended and restated as of January 1, 2 022
|  | 10-2** |  | Sonoco Products Company 2008 Long-term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 16, 2008)
|  | 10-3** |  | Sonoco Products Company 2012 Long-term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 18, 2012)
|  | 10-4** |  | Sonoco Products Company 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 16, 2014)
|  | 10-5** |  | Deferred Compensation Plan for Key Employees of Sonoco Products Company (a.k.a. Deferred Compensation Plan for Corporate Officers of Sonoco Products Company), as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2008)
|  | 10-6** |  | Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors of Sonoco Products Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2008)
|  | 10-7** |  | Sonoco Products Company Amended and Restated Trust Agreement for Executives, as of October 15, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2008)
|  | 10-8** |  | Sonoco Products Company Amended and Restated Directors Deferral Trust Agreement, as of October 15, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2008)
|  | 10-9** |  | Omnibus Benefit Restoration Plan of Sonoco Products Company, amended and restated as of January 1, 20 22
|  | 10-10** |  | Form of Executive Bonus Life Agreement between the Company and certain executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 26, 2004)
|  | 10-11** |  | Description of Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock Units and Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units granted to executive officers of the Registrant on February 8, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed February 14, 2017)
|  | 10-12** |  | Description of Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock Units and Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units granted to executive officers of the Registrant on February 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 20, 2018)
|  | 10-13** |  | Description of Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock Units and Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units granted to executive officers of the Registrant on February 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2019)
|  | 10-14** |  | Description of Restricted Stock Units and Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units granted to executive officers of the Registrant on February 11, 2020 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 18, 2020)
|  | 10-15** |  | Description of Restricted Stock Units and Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units granted to executive officers of the Registrant on February 5, 2021 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 11, 2021)
|  | 10-16** |  | Description of Restricted Stock Units and Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Units granted to executive officers of the Registrant on February 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 11, 2022)
|  | 10-17** |  | Sonoco Products Company 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit One to the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 17, 2019)

|  | 10-18* |  | Accelerated Share Repurchase agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, NA, dated May 10, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed May 12, 2021)
|  | 10-19* |  | Commitment Agreement with Athene, dated June 17, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed June 23, 2021)
|  | 10-20* |  | Credit Agreement, dated June 30, 2021, by and among the Company, Bank of America, N.A., and the other parties thereto (as amended) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 4, 2021)
|  | 10-21* |  | Credit Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2022, among the Company, as Borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed January 26, 2022)
|  | 10-22** |  | Sonoco Products Company Change-In-Control Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 11, 2022)
|  | 21 |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant
|  | 23 |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm with respect to Registrant’s Form 10-K
|  | 31 |  | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and 17 C.F.R. 240.13a-14(a)
|  | 32 |  | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and 17 C.F.R. 240.13a-14(b)
|  | 101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
|  | 101.SCH |  | Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
|  | 101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
|  | 101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
|  | 101.LAB |  | Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
|  | 101.PRE |  | Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
|  | 104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Certain portions of these exhibits have been redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2)(ii) or Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the SEC upon its request.
** Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 28 th day of February 2022.

SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY
/s/ R. Howard Coker
R. Howard Coker
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on this 28 th day of February 2022.

/s/ Julie C. Albrecht |  | /s/ James W. Kirkland
Julie C. Albrecht |  | James W. Kirkland
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  | Corporate Controller
(principal financial officer) |  | (principal accounting officer)

/s/ J.R. Haley |  | /s/ R. H. Coker
J.R. Haley/Director (Chairman) |  | R. H. Coker/President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
/s/ P.L. Davies |  | /s/ T.J. Drew
P.L. Davies/Director |  | T.J. Drew/Director
/s/ P. Guillemot |  | /s/ R.R. Hill, Jr.
P. Guillemot/Director |  | R.R. Hill, Jr./Director
/s/ E. Istavridis |  | /s/ R.G. Kyle
E. Istavridis/Director |  | R.G. Kyle/Director
/s/ B.J. McGarvie |  | /s/ J.M. Micali
B.J. McGarvie/Director |  | J.M. Micali/Director
/s/ S. Nagarajan |  | /s/ M.D. Oken
S. Nagarajan/Director |  | M.D. Oken/Director
/s/ T.E. Whiddon |  | /s/ L.M. Yates
T.E. Whiddon/Director |  | L.M. Yates/Director