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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities      
Net income/(loss) $ 475,901 $ 466,980 $ (82,711)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Asset impairment loss/(gain) 26,445 21,444 (4,082)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 340,988 308,824 245,184
Loss from the early extinguishment of debt 0 0 20,184
Share-based compensation expense 27,780 31,309 22,608
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax (10,347) (14,207) (10,841)
Cash dividends from affiliated companies 9,389 8,902 8,660
Net (gain)/loss on disposition of assets (65,947) (5,979) 15
Net (gain)/loss on divestiture of business (57,104) 0 2,667
Pension and postretirement plan expense 17,460 10,697 595,620
Pension and postretirement plan contributions (14,662) (37,409) (163,659)
Net decrease in deferred taxes (12,209) (9,876) (158,836)
Change in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency adjustments      
Trade accounts receivable 24,935 (2,466) (149,755)
Inventories 342,713 (353,478) (130,119)
Payable to suppliers (148,841) 27,225 172,430
Prepaid expenses 1,394 33,702 (13,077)
Income taxes payable and other income tax items (28,286) 5,504 (42,204)
Accrued expenses and other assets and liabilities (46,691) 17,877 (13,412)
Net cash provided by operating activities 882,918 509,049 298,672
Cash Flows from Investing Activities      
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (363,077) (328,769) (256,019)
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired (372,616) (1,427,020) (22,209)
Proceeds from the sale of business, net 33,237 0 91,569
Proceeds from the sale of assets 80,339 9,621 13,166
Investment in affiliated companies (11,300) (2,700)  
Investment in affiliated companies     578
Other net investing proceeds 14,081 7,432 7,013
Net cash used by investing activities (619,336) (1,741,436) (165,902)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Proceeds from issuance of debt 962,557 2,153,355 172,042
Principal repayment of debt (1,112,917) (285,511) (628,119)
Net (decrease)/increase in commercial paper borrowings 0 (349,000) 349,000
Net increase/(decrease) in book cash overdrafts 6,408 (18,529) 6,974
Proceeds from interest rate swap 0 0 4,387
Cash dividends – common (197,416) (187,093) (178,622)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest 0 (14,474) 0
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 0 0 (1,009)
Excess cash costs of early extinguishment of debt 0 0 (20,111)
Payments for share repurchases (10,617) (4,547) (218,085)
Net cash (used)/provided by financing activities (351,985) 1,294,201 (513,543)
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash 12,902 (5,354) (13,097)
(Decrease)/Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents (75,501) 56,460 (393,870)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 227,438 170,978 564,848
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 151,937 227,438 170,978
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing Activities:      
Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment 23,168 20,250 27,343
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized 135,910 88,208 68,189
Income taxes paid, net of refunds $ 189,773 $ 122,881 $ 133,610