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Business and Basis of Presentation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Business and Basis of Presentation Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of the Business
Compass, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on October 4, 2012 under the name Urban Compass, Inc. On January 8, 2021, the board of directors approved a change to the Company’s name from Urban Compass, Inc. to Compass, Inc. On April 6, 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) and the Company’s Class A common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on April 1, 2021 under the symbol “COMP”.
The Company provides an end-to-end platform that empowers its residential real estate agents to deliver exceptional service to seller and buyer clients. The Company’s platform includes an integrated suite of cloud-based software for customer relationship management, marketing, client service and other critical functionality, all custom-built for the real estate industry, which enables the Company’s core brokerage services. The platform also uses proprietary data, analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to deliver high value recommendations and outcomes for Compass agents and their clients.
The Company’s agents are independent contractors who affiliate their real estate licenses with the Company, operating their businesses on the Company’s platform and under the Compass brand. The Company generates revenue from clients through its agents by assisting home sellers and buyers in listing, marketing, selling and finding homes as well as through the provision of services adjacent to the transaction, like title and escrow services, which comprise a smaller portion of the Company’s revenue to date. The Company currently generates substantially all of its revenue from commissions paid by clients at the time that a home is transacted.
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all controlled subsidiaries. The condensed consolidated statements of operations include the results of entities acquired from the date of each respective acquisition. Interests held by third parties in consolidated subsidiaries are presented as non-controlling interests, which represents the non-controlling stockholders’ interests in the underlying net assets of the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries. For entities where the Company does not have a controlling interest (financial or operating), the investments in such entities are accounted for using the equity method. The Company applies the equity method of accounting when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an investee. The Company measures all other investments at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income or in the case that an equity investment does not have readily determinable fair values, at cost minus impairment (if any) plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared by management on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim periods presented.
The results of the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. Certain information and notes normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted under the SEC’s rules and regulations. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Liquidity
Throughout 2023 and through the first nine months of 2024, a number of macroeconomic conditions contributed to a slowdown in the U.S. residential real estate market. In response to these conditions, the Company enacted various restructuring actions designed to improve the alignment between the Company’s organizational structure and its long-term
business strategy, drive cost efficiencies enabled by the Company’s technology and other competitive advantages and continue to drive toward profitability and positive free cash flow. Additionally, as part of its nationwide class action settlement of the antitrust claims, NAR agreed to implement certain industry-wide practice changes, including, but not limited to, prohibiting buyer brokers' offers of compensation from being included in listings on Multiple Listing Services and requiring a buyer to enter into a written agreement with their agent that would set forth the buyer broker's fee before showing the buyer a property. These changes went into effect in mid-August. While the Company continues to assess the effects of the ongoing slowdown and the recent industry-wide changes on its business and financial results, the ultimate impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, as well as the actions that the Company has taken, or will take, to minimize any current and future impact on its revenue, profitability, or liquidity.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held cash and cash equivalents of approximately $211.2 million and $166.9 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company has a Revolving Credit Facility that matures in March 2026, which it can draw upon provided it maintains continued compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $295.1 million available to be drawn under the Revolving Credit Facility. Further, the Company is in compliance with each of the financial and non-financial covenants under the Revolving Credit Facility. See Note 5 — "Debt" for further details. The Company's operating cash flows vary depending on the seasonality of the real estate business. The Company believes that it will have sufficient liquidity from cash on hand, its Revolving Credit Facility and future operations to sustain its business operations for the next twelve months and beyond.