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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

 

$

239

 

 

$

(4,142

)

 

$

36,027

 

U.S. state and local

 

 

6,828

 

 

 

3,928

 

 

 

6,449

 

Foreign

 

 

30,788

 

 

 

52,943

 

 

 

46,982

 

UBT

 

 

(3

)

 

 

1,278

 

 

 

(1,953

)

 

 

 

37,852

 

 

 

54,007

 

 

 

87,505

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

 

 

(11,050

)

 

 

(11,565

)

 

 

(32,527

)

U.S. state and local

 

 

(5,848

)

 

 

8,537

 

 

 

149

 

Foreign

 

 

3,602

 

 

 

506

 

 

 

6,671

 

UBT

 

 

(3,253

)

 

 

(1,674

)

 

 

1,970

 

 

 

 

(16,549

)

 

 

(4,196

)

 

 

(23,737

)

Provision for income taxes

 

$

21,303

 

 

$

49,811

 

 

$

63,768

 

Summary of Actual Income Tax Expense and Amount Calculated Utilizing U.S. Federal Statutory Rates

Differences between the Company’s actual income tax expense and the amount calculated utilizing the U.S. federal statutory rates were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Tax expense at federal statutory rate

 

$

16,360

 

 

$

25,633

 

 

$

36,103

 

Non-controlling interest

 

 

73

 

 

 

3,466

 

 

 

(3,544

)

Incremental impact of foreign taxes compared to federal tax

   rate

 

 

(476

)

 

 

7,935

 

 

 

2,739

 

Other permanent differences

 

 

5,337

 

 

 

3,397

 

 

 

6,051

 

U.S. state and local taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit

 

 

(321

)

 

 

(2,650

)

 

 

(539

)

New York City UBT

 

 

(3,256

)

 

 

(392

)

 

 

(514

)

Other rate changes

 

 

(12,783

)

 

 

10,509

 

 

 

4,024

 

Revaluation of deferred taxes related to tax reform

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,776

 

Uncertain tax positions

 

 

1,475

 

 

 

(1,025

)

 

 

2,764

 

U.S. tax on foreign earnings, net of tax credits

 

 

2,643

 

 

 

3,166

 

 

 

2,163

 

Return-to-provision adjustments

 

 

1,076

 

 

 

(3,937

)

 

 

2,598

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

11,966

 

 

 

4,015

 

 

 

2,567

 

Other

 

 

(791

)

 

 

(306

)

 

 

4,580

 

Provision for income taxes

 

$

21,303

 

 

$

49,811

 

 

$

63,768

 

 

Summary of Deferred Tax Asset and Liability

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax asset and liability consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

Deferred tax asset

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basis difference of investments

 

$

15,644

 

 

$

7,678

 

Deferred compensation

 

 

74,030

 

 

 

65,794

 

Excess interest expense

 

 

26,238

 

 

 

21,028

 

Other deferred and accrued expenses

 

 

8,835

 

 

 

17,685

 

Net operating loss and credit carry-forwards

 

 

84,822

 

 

 

73,072

 

Total deferred tax asset1

 

 

209,569

 

 

 

185,257

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

(81,191

)

 

 

(71,931

)

Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance

 

 

128,378

 

 

 

113,326

 

Deferred tax liability

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

27,406

 

 

 

35,346

 

Total deferred tax liability1

 

 

27,406

 

 

 

35,346

 

Net deferred tax asset

 

$

100,972

 

 

$

77,980

 

 

1

Before netting within tax jurisdictions.

Summary of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning to the ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

 

Balance, December 31, 2018

 

$

10,252

 

Increases for prior year tax positions

 

 

2,500

 

Decreases for prior year tax positions

 

 

 

Increases for current year tax positions

 

 

 

Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities

 

 

(2,271

)

Decreases related to a lapse of applicable statute of

   limitations

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

 

$

10,481

 

Increases for prior year tax positions

 

 

1,706

 

Decreases for prior year tax positions

 

 

 

Increases for current year tax positions

 

 

 

Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities

 

 

 

Decreases related to a lapse of applicable statute of

   limitations

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2020

 

$

12,187