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Property Plant And Equipment
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
TDS’ Property, plant and equipment in service and under construction, and related accumulated depreciation and amortization, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, were as follows:
December 31,
Useful Lives (Years)
 
2018
 
2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 

 
 

Land
N/A
 
$
55

 
$
55

Buildings
5-40
 
523

 
519

Leasehold and land improvements
1-30
 
1,245

 
1,214

Cable and wire
15-35
 
1,884

 
1,802

Network and switching equipment
3-13
 
2,423

 
2,361

Cell site equipment
7-25
 
3,460

 
3,411

Office furniture and equipment
3-10
 
378

 
480

Other operating assets and equipment
3-12
 
193

 
194

System development
1-7
 
1,486

 
1,387

Work in process
N/A
 
427

 
319

Total property, plant and equipment, gross
 
 
12,074

 
11,742

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
 
(8,728
)
 
(8,318
)
Total property, plant and equipment, net
 
 
$
3,346

 
$
3,424


Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $839 million, $817 million and $820 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, (Gain) loss on asset disposals, net included charges of $9 million, $21 million and $27 million, respectively, related to disposals of assets, trade-ins of older assets for replacement assets and other retirements of assets from service in the normal course of business.
During the second quarter of 2016, TDS recorded an out-of-period adjustment attributable to 2014 and 2015 related to the over-depreciation of certain assets in the Wireline segment. TDS has determined that this adjustment was not material to the prior annual periods and also was not material to 2016 results. As a result of this out-of-period adjustment, Depreciation, amortization and accretion expense decreased by $4 million in 2016.