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Revenue Recognition (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Schedule of Multiple-deliverable Arrangements | The following is a description of principal activities from which TDS generates its revenues.
Services and products | Nature, timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, and significant payment terms
Wireless services | Wireless service includes voice, messaging and data services. Revenue is recognized in Service revenues as wireless service is provided to the customer. Wireless services generally are billed and paid in advance on a monthly basis.
Wireless devices and accessories | U.S. Cellular offers a comprehensive range of wireless devices such as handsets, tablets, mobile hotspots, home phones and routers for use by its customers, as well as accessories. U.S. Cellular also sells wireless devices to agents and other third-party distributors for resale. U.S. Cellular frequently discounts wireless devices sold to new and current customers. U.S. Cellular also offers customers the option to purchase certain devices and accessories under installment contracts over a specified time period. For certain equipment installment plans, after a specified period of time, the customer may have the right to upgrade to a new device. Such upgrades require the customer to enter into an equipment installment contract for the new device, and transfer the existing device to U.S. Cellular. U.S. Cellular recognizes revenue in Equipment and product sales revenues when control of the device or accessory is transferred to the customer, agent or third-party distributor, which is generally upon delivery.
Wireless roaming | U.S. Cellular receives roaming revenues when other wireless carriers’ customers use U.S. Cellular’s wireless systems. U.S. Cellular recognizes revenue in Service revenues when the roaming service is provided.
Wireless Eligible Telecommunications Carrier (ETC) Revenues | Telecommunications companies may be designated by states, or in some cases by the FCC, as an ETC to receive support payments from the Universal Service Fund if they provide specified services in “high cost” areas. ETC revenues recognized in the reporting period represent the amounts which U.S. Cellular is entitled to receive for such period, as determined and approved in connection with U.S. Cellular’s designation as an ETC in various states.
Wireless tower rents | U.S. Cellular receives tower rental revenues when another carrier leases tower space on a U.S. Cellular owned tower. U.S. Cellular recognizes revenue in Service revenues in the period during which the services are provided.
Wireline services | Wireline services include broadband, video and voice services. Revenue is recognized in Service revenues as service is provided to the customer. Wireline services are generally billed and paid in advance on a monthly basis.
Wireline wholesale revenues | Wholesale revenues include network access services primarily to interexchange and wireless carriers for carrying data and voice traffic on TDS Telecom’s network, special access services and state and federal support payments, including A-CAM. Wholesale revenues are recorded as the related service is provided.
Cable services | Cable services include broadband, video and voice services. Revenue is recognized in Service revenues as service is provided to the customer. Cable services are generally billed and paid in advance on a monthly basis.
IT hardware sales | TDS recognizes equipment revenue when it no longer has any requirements to perform, when title has passed and when the products are accepted by the customer.
Hosted and managed services | HMS Service revenues consist of cloud and hosting solutions, managed services, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application management, colocation services, and IT hardware related maintenance and professional services. Revenues related to these services are recognized as services are provided.
Disaggregation of Revenues | In the following table, TDS' revenues are disaggregated by type of service, which represents the relevant categorization of revenues for TDS' reportable segments, and timing of recognition. Service revenues are recognized over time and Equipment sales are point in time.
|  |  | TDS Telecom |  |  |  |
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | U.S. Cellular |  | Wireline |  | Cable |  | TDS Telecom Total 1 |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other |  | Total
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail service | $ | 2,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,650 |
Inbound roaming | 174 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 174 |
Residential | — |  |  | 328 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 533 |  |  | — |  |  | 533 |
Commercial | — |  |  | 168 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |
Wholesale | — |  |  | 185 |  |  | — |  |  | 185 |  |  | — |  |  | 185 |
Other service | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 72 |  |  | 208 |
Service revenues from contracts with customers | 2,961 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 3,959 |
Equipment and product sales | 987 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 1,117 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers 2 | $ | 3,948 |  |  | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 5,076 |
|  |  | TDS Telecom |  |  |  |
Year Ended December 31, 2018 | U.S. Cellular |  | Wireline |  | Cable |  | TDS Telecom Total 1 |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other |  | Total
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail service | $ | 2,623 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,623 |
Inbound roaming | 154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154 |
Residential | — |  |  | 321 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 509 |  |  | — |  |  | 509 |
Commercial | — |  |  | 184 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 226 |  |  | — |  |  | 226 |
Wholesale | — |  |  | 191 |  |  | — |  |  | 191 |  |  | — |  |  | 191 |
Other service | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 72 |  |  | 206 |
Service revenues from contracts with customers | 2,912 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 925 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 3,909 |
Equipment and product sales | 989 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 1,110 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers 2 | $ | 3,901 |  |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 5,019 |
Numbers may not foot due to rounding.
1 | TDS Telecom Total includes eliminations between the Wireline and Cable segments.
2 Revenue line items in this table will not agree to amounts presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as the amounts in this table only include revenue resulting from contracts with customers.
Contract with Customer, Assets and Liabilities | The following table provides balances for contract assets from contracts with customers, which are recorded in Other current assets and Other assets and deferred charges in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers, which are recorded in Customer deposits and deferred revenues and Other deferred liabilities and credits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |
Contract assets | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Contract liabilities 1 | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 187 |
1 | The contract liability balance at December 31, 2018 differs from the amount reported in Note 2 — Revenue Recognition of the 2018 Form 10-K, as the previously reported amount included certain lease-related balances that did not result from contracts with customers.
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities existing at January 1, 2019 was $164 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Remaining Performance Obligations | The following table includes estimated service revenues expected to be recognized related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period. These estimates represent service revenues to be recognized when services are delivered to customers pursuant to service plan contracts and under certain roaming agreements with other carriers. These estimates are based on contracts in place as of December 31, 2019, and may vary from actual results. As practical expedients, revenue related to contracts of less than one year, generally month-to-month contracts, and contracts with a fixed per-unit price and variable quantity, are excluded from these estimates.
| Service Revenues
(Dollars in millions) |
2020 | $ | 367 |
2021 | 167 |
Thereafter | 202 |
Total | $ | 736 |
Contract Cost Assets | Contract cost asset balances, which are recorded in Other assets and deferred charges in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, were as follows:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |
Costs to obtain contracts |  |  |  |
Sales commissions | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 154 |
Fulfillment costs |  |  |
Installation costs | 11 |  |  | 10 |
Total contract cost assets | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 164 |

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