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Property, Plant and Equipment
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment
Note 9 Property, Plant and Equipment
TDS’ Property, plant and equipment in service and under construction, and related accumulated depreciation and amortization, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows:
December 31,Useful Lives (Years)20222021
(Dollars in millions)   
LandN/A$63 $62 
Buildings
5-40
532 541 
Leasehold and land improvements
1-30
1,538 1,476 
Cable and wire
15-40
2,609 2,403 
Network and switching equipment
3-10
2,706 2,671 
Cell site equipment
7-25
4,248 4,150 
Office furniture and equipment
3-10
296 346 
Other operating assets and equipment
1-12
200 176 
System development
1-7
2,070 1,864 
Work in processN/A709 576 
Total property, plant and equipment, gross 14,971 14,265 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (10,211)(9,904)
Total property, plant and equipment, net $4,760 $4,361 
Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $882 million, $851 million and $862 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In 2022, 2021 and 2020, (Gain) loss on asset disposals, net included charges of $27 million, $26 million and $27 million, respectively, related to disposals of assets from service in the normal course of business.