Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 7 Intangible Assets

Licenses

TDS reviews opportunities to acquire additional wireless spectrum, including pursuant to FCC auctions. TDS also may seek to divest outright or exchange wireless spectrum that is not strategic to its long-term success. Prior to 2009, TDS accounted for UScellular’s share repurchases as step acquisitions, allocating a portion of the share repurchase value to TDS’ Licenses. Consequently, UScellular's Licenses on a stand-alone basis do not equal the TDS consolidated Licenses related to UScellular.

Auction 107

In February 2021, the FCC announced by way of public notice that UScellular was the provisional winning bidder for 254 wireless spectrum licenses in the 3.7-3.98 GHz bands (Auction 107) for $1,283 million. UScellular paid $30 million of this amount in 2020 and the remainder in March 2021. The wireless spectrum licenses from Auction 107 were granted by the FCC in July 2021. Additionally, UScellular was obligated to pay approximately $179 million in total from 2021 through 2025 related to relocation costs and accelerated relocation incentive payments. Such additional costs were accrued and capitalized at the time the licenses were granted, and are adjusted as necessary as the estimated obligation changes. UScellular paid $122 million, $8 million and $36 million related to the additional costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the remaining estimated payments of approximately $13 million are included in Other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2022, the remaining estimated payments of approximately $133 million and $8 million were included in Other current liabilities and Other deferred liabilities and credits, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. UScellular received full access to the spectrum in the third quarter of 2023.

Auction 110

In January 2022, the FCC announced by way of public notice that UScellular was the provisional winning bidder for 380 wireless spectrum licenses in the 3.45-3.55 GHz band (Auction 110) for $580 million. UScellular paid $20 million of this amount in 2021 and the remainder in the first quarter of 2022. The wireless spectrum licenses from Auction 110 were granted by the FCC in May 2022.

TDS Telecom Goodwill Impairment Assessment

TDS Telecom had recorded Goodwill as a result of past business acquisitions. For purposes of the 2023 and 2022 Goodwill impairment test, TDS Telecom had one reporting unit.

2023 Impairment Test

Rising interest rates and liquidity constraints have caused TDS Telecom to slow the pace of its fiber deployment and reduce or defer planned capital expenditures in future years, which also defers the related revenue generation from these projects. In addition, TDS Telecom is facing increasing competitive pressures in its Incumbent Wireline markets. Consequently, TDS Telecom reset its long-range forecast in the fourth quarter of 2023, and performed a quantitative impairment assessment as of November 1, 2023.

The discounted cash flow and guideline public company approaches were used to value the reporting unit, weighted at 75% and 25%, respectively. The discounted cash flow approach develops an indication of fair value using various inputs and considers current economic factors as well as risks specific to the industry and the reporting unit. The guideline public company method develops an estimate of fair value by calculating market pricing multiples for selected publicly traded companies that are comparable to the reporting unit. The multiples are applied to the appropriate financial measure of the reporting unit to estimate the reporting unit's fair value.

The results of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying value of the TDS Telecom reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Therefore, TDS recognized a loss on impairment of goodwill of $547 million to reduce the carrying value of Goodwill for the reporting unit to zero in the fourth quarter of 2023.

2022 Impairment Test

TDS Telecom performed a qualitative impairment assessment in 2022, which analyzed company, industry and economic trends, and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the TDS Telecom reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, and accordingly no Goodwill impairment was recorded in 2022.

The Goodwill balance of TDS Telecom was $547 million at December 31, 2022, net of accumulated impairment losses of $29 million recorded in prior periods.

Other intangible assets

Activity related to TDS' Other intangible assets is presented below.


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
(Dollars in millions)
Franchise rights	$	255	$	(102)	$	153	$	255	$	(85)	$	170
Customer lists	—		—		—		26		(25)		1
Internet protocol addresses	34		(4)		29		34		(2)		32
Other	1		—		1		1		—		1
Total	$	290	$	(106)	$	183	$	316	$	(112)	$	204

Numbers may not foot due to rounding.

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $22 million, $21 million and $21 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Based on the current balance of finite-lived intangible assets, the estimated amortization expense is $19 million for each of the years 2024 through 2028.