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Revenue Recognition | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | Note 3 Revenue Recognition Disaggregation of Revenue In the following table, TDS' revenues are disaggregated by type of service, which represents the relevant categorization of revenues for TDS' reportable segments, and timing of recognition. Service revenues are recognized over time and Equipment and product sales are recognized at a point in time.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 | TDS Telecom |  | Array |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | 181,752 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 181,752 |
Commercial | 34,066 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,066 |
Wholesale | 38,368 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,368 |
Other service | — |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | (318) |  |  | 963 |
Service revenues from contracts with customers | 254,186 |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | (318) |  |  | 255,149 |
Equipment and product sales | 141 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,609 |  |  | 6,750 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers | 254,327 |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | 6,291 |  |  | 261,899 |
Operating lease income | 784 |  |  | 45,838 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,622 |
Total operating revenues | $ | 255,111 |  |  | $ | 47,119 |  |  | $ | 6,291 |  |  | $ | 308,521 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 | TDS Telecom |  | Array |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | 185,717 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 185,717 |
Commercial | 36,304 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,304 |
Wholesale | 39,697 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,697 |
Other service | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | 12,945 |  |  | 13,015 |
Service revenues from contracts with customers | 261,718 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 12,945 |  |  | 274,733 |
Equipment and product sales | 202 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,206 |  |  | 22,408 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers | 261,920 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 35,151 |  |  | 297,141 |
Operating lease income | 742 |  |  | 25,669 |  |  | 3,945 |  |  | 30,356 |
Total operating revenues | $ | 262,662 |  |  | $ | 25,739 |  |  | $ | 39,096 |  |  | $ | 327,497 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 | TDS Telecom |  | Array |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | 549,017 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 549,017 |
Commercial | 103,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,317 |
Wholesale | 122,252 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 122,252 |
Other service | — |  |  | 2,969 |  |  | (2,160) |  |  | 809 |
Service revenues from contracts with customers | 774,586 |  |  | 2,969 |  |  | (2,160) |  |  | 775,395 |
Equipment and product sales | 535 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,620 |  |  | 20,155 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers | 775,121 |  |  | 2,969 |  |  | 17,460 |  |  | 795,550 |
Operating lease income | 2,282 |  |  | 99,663 |  |  | — |  |  | 101,945 |
Total operating revenues | $ | 777,403 |  |  | $ | 102,632 |  |  | $ | 17,460 |  |  | $ | 897,495 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | TDS Telecom |  | Array |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | 557,628 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 557,628 |
Commercial | 110,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110,190 |
Wholesale | 125,157 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 125,157 |
Other service | — |  |  | 254 |  |  | 48,550 |  |  | 48,804 |
Service revenues from contracts with customers | 792,975 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 48,550 |  |  | 841,779 |
Equipment and product sales | 587 |  |  | — |  |  | 63,576 |  |  | 64,163 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers | 793,562 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 112,126 |  |  | 905,942 |
Operating lease income | 3,000 |  |  | 76,591 |  |  | 16,097 |  |  | 95,688 |
Total operating revenues | $ | 796,562 |  |  | $ | 76,845 |  |  | $ | 128,223 |  |  | $ | 1,001,630 |
Numbers may not foot due to rounding. The following table provides balances for contract assets from contracts with customers, which are recorded in Other current assets and Other assets and deferred charges in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers, which are recorded in Customer deposits and deferred revenues and Other deferred liabilities and credits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |
Contract assets | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | 4,139 |
Contract liabilities | $ | 43,734 |  |  | $ | 48,826 |
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities existing at January 1, 2025 was $44.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations TDS Telecom provides residential internet, video, mobile, and voice services primarily through monthly subscription arrangements. Each subscription period is treated as a distinct performance obligation, with revenue recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period as the services are delivered. Customers are typically billed in advance and may cancel their subscriptions at the end of any monthly term without incurring penalties. In addition, as of September 30, 2025, TDS Telecom expects to recognize approximately $72.1 million of revenue in the future related to performance obligations associated with existing circuit contracts that are partially or wholly unsatisfied. As of September 30, 2025, the transaction price related to unsatisfied performance obligations that are expected to be recognized for the remainder of 2025, 2026, and thereafter was $8.7 million, $29.7 million, and $33.7 million, respectively. Contract Cost Assets TDS expects that commission fees paid as a result of obtaining contracts are recoverable, and therefore TDS defers and amortizes these costs. As a practical expedient, costs with an amortization period of one year or less are expensed as incurred. TDS also incurs fulfillment costs, such as installation costs, where there is an expectation that a future benefit will be realized. Deferred commission fees and fulfillment costs are amortized based on the timing of transfer of the goods or services to which the assets relate, typically the contract term. Contract cost asset balances, which are recorded in Other assets and deferred charges in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, were as follows:
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |
Costs to obtain contracts |  |  |
Sales commissions | $ | 14,092 |  |  | $ | 13,359 |
Fulfillment costs |  |  |
Installation costs | 1,858 |  |  | 1,975 |
Total contract cost assets | $ | 15,950 |  |  | $ | 15,334 |
Amortization of contract cost assets was $2.5 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $3.2 million and $10.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and was included in Selling, general and administrative expenses and Cost of operations expenses.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 7 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-7 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent + Details
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