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Retirement Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
We sponsor a number of defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans which cover substantially all U.S. employees, other than union employees covered by multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under collective bargaining agreements. Pension benefits are provided based on either a career average, final pay or years of service formula. With respect to certain hourly employees, pension benefits are provided based on stated amounts for each year of service. Our U.S. salaried pension plans are closed to new employees.
We also sponsor other postretirement benefits plans, including unfunded defined benefit health care and life insurance plans, which provide postretirement benefits to certain employees. The plans are contributory, with retiree contributions adjusted annually, and contain cost sharing features including deductibles and coinsurance. Retiree health care benefits are paid as covered expenses are incurred.
The changes in benefit obligations and plan assets as well as the funded status of our retirement plans at December 31 were as follows:
 Pension BenefitsOther
Postretirement Benefits
 2020201920202019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Change in benefit obligation
Obligation at beginning of year$855,509 $751,625 $21,718 $19,186 
Service cost13,638 12,505 88 80 
Interest cost23,074 28,316 566 759 
Actuarial losses 100,839 103,918 1,440 3,477 
Acquisition 8,930 — — — 
Plan amendments— 528 — — 
Benefits paid(41,332)(39,508)(1,765)(1,888)
Participants’ contributions— — 105 104 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes10,757 (1,875)— — 
Obligation at end of year971,415 855,509 22,152 21,718 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year869,070 732,502 — — 
Actual return on plan assets126,249 174,014 — — 
Employer contributions2,358 2,062 1,660 1,784 
Participants’ contributions— — 105 104 
Benefits paid(41,332)(39,508)(1,765)(1,888)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year956,345 869,070 — — 
Funded status$(15,070)$13,561 $(22,152)$(21,718)
 
    Actuarial losses related to pension benefits were primarily the result of changes in discount rates used to calculate projected benefit obligations.
 Pension BenefitsOther
Postretirement Benefits
 2020201920202019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated
balance sheets
Non-current assets$125,740 $122,552 $— $— 
Current liabilities(2,674)(2,225)(1,665)(1,794)
Non-current liabilities(138,136)(106,766)(20,487)(19,924)
Net amount recognized$(15,070)$13,561 $(22,152)$(21,718)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other
comprehensive loss (income)
Net actuarial loss (gain)$230,058 $193,061 $(1,344)$(3,123)
Prior service cost (credit)974 1,179 (4,467)(6,405)
Net amount recognized$231,032 $194,240 $(5,811)$(9,528)

 
The fair value of plan assets for our domestic pension plans was 115 percent and 116 percent of their projected benefit obligations at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted entirely of our international pension benefit plans which are not funded. The projected benefit obligation for our international pension benefit plans was $140.8 million and $109.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension benefit plans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $942.6 million and $828.0 million, respectively. Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted entirely of our international pension benefit plans which are not funded. The accumulated benefit obligation for our international pension benefit plans was $134.9 million and $103.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The benefits expected to be paid from our pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which reflect future years of service, are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Pension
Benefits		Other
Postretirement
Benefits
2021$43,591 $1,665 
202244,786 1,515 
202345,998 1,464 
202446,887 1,422 
202548,032 1,351 
2026-2030247,776 6,284 
$477,070 $13,701 
Our principal domestic pension and other postretirement benefit plans used the following weighted average actuarial assumptions to determine the benefit obligations at December 31:
20202019
Discount rate2.5 %3.4 %
Expected return on plan assets8.5 %8.5 %
Rate of compensation increase2.5 %2.5 %
Health care cost trend rate:
Assumed for next year6.2 %6.3 %
Ultimate rate4.2 %4.3 %
Year that the ultimate rate is reached20362035

Our expected return on plan assets is determined by current and expected asset allocation of plan assets, estimates of future long-term returns on those types of plan assets and historical long-term investment performance.
Our international pension benefit plans used a discount rate of 1.1 percent and 1.5 percent as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and a rate of compensation increase of 3.2 percent and 3.3 percent to determine the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The components of the net periodic benefit credit for each of the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
 202020192018202020192018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Service cost$13,638 $12,505 $14,238 $88 $80 $99 
Interest cost23,074 28,316 25,316 566 759 640 
Expected return on plan assets(72,122)(60,567)(68,575)— — — 
Amortization of prior service cost
(credit)
205 115 173 (1,937)(2,330)(1,392)
Amortization of actuarial losses
(gains)
11,859 16,399 7,378 (339)(488)(506)
Net periodic benefit credit$(23,346)$(3,232)$(21,470)$(1,622)$(1,979)$(1,159)

Our principal domestic pension and other postretirement benefit plans used the following weighted average actuarial assumptions to determine net periodic benefit credit for the years ended December 31:
 
202020192018
Discount rate3.4 %4.5 %3.8 %
Expected return on plan assets8.5 %8.5 %8.5 %
Rate of compensation increase2.5 %2.6 %2.6 %
Health care cost trend rate6.3 %6.4 %6.2 %
Our international pension benefit plans used a discount rate of 1.5 percent, 2.2 percent and 2.1 percent for the years ended December 31,2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and used a rate of compensation increase of 3.3 percent to determine net periodic benefit credit for each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
MULTIEMPLOYER PENSION PLANS
In 2020, we participated in three multiemployer pension plans which provide defined benefits to certain of our union employees. The aggregate amount contributed to these plans and charged to pension cost in 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $3.8 million, $4.8 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
The risks of participating in multiemployer plans are different from the risks of single-employer plans in the following respects: (i) assets contributed to a multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers; (ii) if a participating employer ceases to contribute to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers; and (iii) if we cease to have an obligation to contribute to the multiemployer plan in which we had been a contributing employer, we may be required to pay to the plan an amount (referred to as a withdrawal liability) based on the underfunded status of the plan and on our historical participation in the plan prior to the cessation of our obligation to contribute.
Based on the latest information available, in 2020 we participated in two multiemployer plans with a funded status less than 65 percent. Further information on these multiemployer plans for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
Pension FundEIN/Pension Plan
Number		Pension
Protection
Act Zone
Status		FIP / RP
Status
Pending /
Implemented		ContributionsSurcharge
Imposed
20202019202020192018
     (Dollars in thousands) 
Central States, Southeast & Southwest Areas Pension Fund (1)
36-6044243/001Red
(2)
Red
(2)
Implemented$— $1,166 $1,797 No
United Food & Commercial
Workers — Local 1 Pension Fund (3)
16-6144007/001Red
(2)
Red
(2)
Implemented240 245 237 No
IAM National Pension Fund (4)
51-6031295/002RedRedImplemented2,746 2,667 2,587 No
All Other 775 707 671 
Total Contributions$3,761 $4,785 $5,292 
______________________
(1)    In 2019, we withdrew completely from this pension fund. See Note 4 for further information.
(2)    Under the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act of 2014, the status of this pension fund was critical and declining, as defined under such Act.
(3)    The collective bargaining agreement related to this pension fund expires on January 14, 2024. A single company that was making over 80 percent of the contributions for this pension fund filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy during 2018 and withdrew from this pension fund without paying its withdrawal liability. For 2019 and 2018, the fund actuary for this pension fund projected insolvency for this pension fund in 2026 and 2025, respectively.
(4)    The applicable collective bargaining agreements related to this pension fund expire at various times through February 28, 2023. Although this pension fund was formally certified in the yellow zone in 2019, the trustees of this pension plan elected voluntarily to place this pension plan in the red zone to take advantage of certain provisions of the Pension Protection Act even though this pension plan had a funded status of 89 percent at the end of 2018 and a funded status of 87 percent at the end of 2019.
The “EIN/Pension Plan Number” column provides the Employer Identification Number and the three digit plan number assigned to a plan by the Internal Revenue Service. The most recent Pension Protection Act Zone Status available for 2019 and 2018 is for plan years that ended in each of those years. The zone status is based on information provided to us and other participating employers by each plan and is certified by the plan’s actuary. A plan in the “red” zone has been determined to be in “critical status,” based on criteria established under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and is generally less than 65 percent funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates whether a rehabilitation plan, as required under the Code to be adopted by plans in the “red” zone, is pending or has been implemented as of the end of the 2019 plan year. The “Surcharge Imposed” column indicates whether our contribution rate for 2019 included an amount in addition
to the contribution rate specified in the applicable collective bargaining agreement, as imposed by a plan in “critical status” in accordance with the requirements of the Code.
Our contributions to each of these respective plans were less than five percent of total contributions made by all employers to each of these respective plans, as reported by these plans for the year ended December 31, 2019, the most recent plan year available. We do not expect our contributions to these plans for the year ended December 31, 2021 to be significantly different from our contributions for the year ended December 31, 2020.
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS
We also sponsor defined contribution plans covering certain employees. Our contributions to these plans are based upon employee contributions and operating profitability. Contributions charged to expense for these plans for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $15.2 million, $14.4 million and $12.0 million, respectively.
PLAN ASSETS
INVESTMENT STRATEGY
Our investment strategy is based on an expectation that equity securities will outperform debt securities over the long term. Accordingly, the composition of our plan assets is broadly characterized as a 58 percent/42 percent allocation between equity and debt securities. The equity securities allocation utilizes indexed U.S. equity securities (which constitutes approximately 85 percent of equity securities), with a lesser allocation to indexed international equity securities. The debt securities allocation primarily utilizes indexed investment grade U.S. debt securities. We attempt to mitigate investment risk by regularly rebalancing between equity and debt securities as contributions and benefit payments are made.
The weighted average asset allocation for our pension plans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 and target allocation for 2020 was as follows:
 Target
Allocation		Actual Allocation
 20202019
Equity securities—U.S.49 %47 %47 %
Equity securities—International9 %10 %10 %
Debt securities42 %42 %42 %
Cash and cash equivalents— 1 %1 %
100 %100 %100 %
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Our plan assets are primarily invested in commingled funds holding equity and debt securities, which are valued using the Net Asset Value, or NAV, provided by the administrator of the fund. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities, and then divided by the number of shares outstanding. Commingled funds are classified within Level 2 (as described in Note 10) of the fair value hierarchy because the NAV’s are not publicly available. Plan excess cash balances are invested in short term investment funds which include investments in cash, bank notes, corporate notes, government bills and various short-term debt instruments. These typically are commingled funds valued using one dollar for the NAV. These short term funds are also classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
The fair value of our plan assets by asset category consisted of the following at December 31:
20202019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Equity securities—U.S.$453,135 $414,260 
Equity securities—International94,919 86,822 
Debt securities397,529 362,020 
Cash and cash equivalents10,762 5,968 
$956,345 $869,070 
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
As of December 31, 2020, approximately 99 percent of our plan assets were under management by a single investment management company in six individual commingled equity and debt index funds. Of these six funds, four funds held assets individually in excess of ten percent of our total plan assets.
EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS
Based on current legislation, there are no significant minimum required contributions to our pension benefit plans in 2021. In addition, based on the current funded status of our domestic pension benefit plans we do not expect to make significant contributions to these plans in 2021. However, this estimate may change based on regulatory changes and actual plan asset returns.