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Share-based Compensation Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed Amount Stock-based compensation expense, which is included in Operations and maintenance on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, was as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
202120202019
Stock-based compensation expense$9,655 $5,373 $12,095 
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity
A summary of the status of the restricted stock and restricted stock units at December 31, 2021, was as follows:
Restricted StockWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
(in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2021196 $69.05 
Granted118 65.64 
Vested(83)67.85 
Forfeited(12)69.59 
Balance at December 31, 2021219 $67.64 

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted stock granted and the total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, were as follows:
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair ValueTotal Fair Value of Shares Vested
(in thousands)
2021$65.64 $5,400 
2020$69.49 $6,722 
2019$73.66 $8,438 
Disclosure of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award
The outstanding performance periods at December 31, 2021 were as follows (shares in thousands):
Possible Payout Range of Target
Grant DatePerformance PeriodTarget Grant of SharesMinimumMaximum
January 1, 2020January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2022360%200%
January 1, 2019January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2021360%200%

A summary of the status of the Performance Share Plan at December 31, 2021 was as follows:
Equity PortionLiability Portion
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (a)
Weighted-Average Fair Value at
SharesSharesDecember 31, 2021
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Performance Shares balance at beginning of period61 $69.71 61 
Granted— — — 
Forfeited— — — 
Vested(25)61.82 (25)
Performance Shares balance at end of period36 $68.14 36 $31.51 
____________________
(a)    The grant date fair values for the performance shares granted in 2020 and 2019 were determined by Monte Carlo simulation using a blended volatility of 18% and 21%, respectively, comprised of 50% historical volatility and 50% implied volatility and the average risk-free interest rate of the three-year United States Treasury security rate in effect as of the grant date.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of performance share awards granted was as follows in the years ended:
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
December 31, 2020$81.42 
December 31, 2019$68.72 
Performance Plan Payouts
Performance plan payouts have been as follows (in thousands):
Performance PeriodYear PaidStock IssuedCash PaidTotal Intrinsic Value
January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020202128 $1,647 $3,294 
January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019202014 $1,100 $2,199 
January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018201944 $2,860 $5,720 
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions The Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate expected share payout based on the Company’s TSR for a three-year performance period relative to the designated peer group beginning January 1 of the award year.
2021
Fair value of share units award$64.97
Three-year risk-free rate0.17%
Black Hills Corporation’s common stock volatility33%
Volatility range for the peer group25 %-76%
Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity The grant-date fair value for an individual outcome of a performance condition is determined by the closing common share price on the grant date.
The following table summarizes the performance share unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2021:

Performance Share Units -
Market Condition
Performance Share Units -
Performance Condition
Share UnitsWeighted-Average Fair Value per Share UnitShare UnitsWeighted-Average Fair Value per Share Unit
Nonvested at January 1, 2021— $— — $— 
Granted32,903 64.97 21,948 61.45 
Nonvested at December 31, 202132,903 $64.97 21,948 $61.45