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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Provision for Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Current income tax provision (expense) benefit:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

 

$

(1,910

)

 

$

(427

)

 

$

 

State

 

 

(153

)

 

 

(273

)

 

 

 

Total

 

$

(2,063

)

 

$

(700

)

 

$

 

Schedule of Reconciliation of Statutory U.S. Federal Rate and Effective Rate

A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal rate and effective rate is as follows:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

U.S. federal tax

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

21.0

%

State tax, net of federal benefit

 

 

0.3

 

 

 

0.6

 

 

 

6.6

 

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

(42.9

)

 

 

(2.8

)

 

 

(26.9

)

Nondeductible compensation

 

 

(17.0

)

 

 

(15.2

)

 

 

(0.2

)

Research and development tax credits

 

 

26.3

 

 

 

16.3

 

 

 

0.0

 

Stock based compensation

 

 

16.5

 

 

 

10.2

 

 

 

0.4

 

Change in state deferred income tax rate

 

 

(0.5

)

 

 

(27.2

)

 

 

0.0

 

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

 

 

(5.7

)

 

 

(4.8

)

 

 

0.0

 

Change in tax rates and other

 

 

0.1

 

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

(0.9

)

Effective income tax rate

 

 

(1.9

)%

 

 

(1.0

)%

 

 

0.0

%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets (liabilities) were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Deferred income tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal net operating loss carryforward

 

$

10,692

 

 

$

29,929

 

State net operating loss carryforward

 

 

287

 

 

 

1,110

 

Research and development expenditures

 

 

65,346

 

 

 

44,047

 

Research and development credits

 

 

26,838

 

 

 

9,829

 

Lease liabilities - operating

 

 

11,641

 

 

 

12,710

 

Stock based compensation

 

 

8,117

 

 

 

4,600

 

Accruals and others

 

 

2,371

 

 

 

1,323

 

Deferred Revenue

 

 

24,423

 

 

 

 

Gross deferred income tax assets

 

 

149,715

 

 

 

103,548

 

Less: Valuation allowance

 

 

(137,302

)

 

 

(91,841

)

Total deferred income tax assets

 

 

12,413

 

 

 

11,707

 

Deferred income tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation

 

 

(6,692

)

 

 

(4,930

)

Right-of-use asset - operating

 

 

(5,143

)

 

 

(5,903

)

Section 481(a) adjustment

 

 

(578

)

 

 

(874

)

Total deferred income tax liabilities

 

 

(12,413

)

 

 

(11,707

)

Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)

 

$

 

 

$

 

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits The Company had $9.6 million and $3.5 million, and no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Of the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, none would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized due to the Company's full valuation allowance position.

December 31, 2022

 

$

 

Additions based on tax positions related to 2023

 

 

809

 

Additions for tax positions of prior years

 

 

2,641

 

December 31, 2023

 

 

3,450

 

Additions based on tax positions related to 2024

 

 

3,177

 

Additions for tax positions of prior years

 

 

2,951

 

December 31, 2024

 

$

9,578