
	2025	2024
for the year ended 30 June	Rm	Rm
Trade receivables	30 370	28 313
Other receivables (financial assets)¹	5 333	3 480
Related party receivables	378	349
third parties	53	29
equity accounted investments	325	320
Impairment of trade and other receivables*	(901)	(870)
	35 180	31 272
Other receivables (non-financial assets)	89	259
Duties recoverable from customers	92	214
Prepaid expenses and other	1 995	1 553
Value added tax	2 730	3 235
	40 086	36 533

Trade receivables are considered for impairment under the expected credit loss model. Trade receivables are written off when there is no reasonable prospect that the customer will pay. Refer to note 35 for detail on the impairments recognised.

No individual customer represents more than 10% of the Group’s trade receivables.

The Group holds no collateral over the trade receivables which can be sold or pledged to a third party.

Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently stated at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less impairment losses. Other receivables that fail the business model and solely payments of principal and interest tests are classified at fair value through profit or loss. A simplified expected credit loss model is applied for recognition and measurement of impairments in trade receivables, where expected lifetime credit losses are recognised from initial recognition, with changes in loss allowances recognised in profit or loss. The group did not use a provisional matrix. Trade and other receivables are written off where there is no reasonable expectation of recovering amounts due. The trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component.