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Income taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Major components of tax expense (income) [abstract] |
Income taxes |
| 15. | Income taxes
The Company is subject to Income Tax (ISR). The analysis of the income tax charged to the results of 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
| 2 0 1 9 |  | 2 0 1 8 |  | 2 0 1 7
Income tax of the year for Mexican companies | $ | 3,177,506 |  | $ | 67,745 |  | $ | 19
Income tax year for foreign companies |  | 301,263 |  |  | 444,104 |  |  | 44,751
Deferred tax for Mexican companies |  | 12,978 |  |  | 408,141 |  |  | 656,060
Deferred tax for foreign companies |  | (215,473) |  |  | (167,528) |  |  | 421,979
| $ | 3,276,274 |  | $ | 752,462 |  | $ | 1,122,809
The amount of 2019 ISR of Mexican companies includes $ 2,323,662 for taxes and expenses, which were covered by various companies of the Group and are derived by Reparatory Agreements between the companies and the Servicio de Administracion Tributaria (SAT), during fiscal year 2019 During 2019 and 2018, the income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income was different from the one that will result for applying 30% (tax rate in Mexico) before these provisions, as a result of the items shown below:
| 2 0 1 9 |  | 2 0 1 8 |  | 2 0 1 7
Expected benefit, expense | $ | 514,294 |  | $ | 1,308,828 |  | $ | 890,249
Increase (decrease) as a result of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inflation effect, net |  | (417,960) |  |  | (114,419) |  |  | (217,249)
Impact of the nominal rate differences between the USA and Mexico |  | (23,368) |  |  | (35,914) |  |  | (16,572)
Benefit from utilization of tax loss carry-forward sand others (1) |  | (987,135) |  |  | (1,238,444) |  |  | (115,068)
Others, net (includes permanent items) |  | 1,802,118 |  |  | 832,411 |  |  | 581,449
Income tax expense (2) | $ | 887,949 |  | $ | 752,462 |  | $ | 1,122,809
Effective tax rate |  | 54.26% |  |  | 17.92% |  |  | 37.21%
| (1) | This amount corresponds to the income tax benefit obtained by those companies that used tax loss carry-forwards in the years presented that were generated previously 2019, 2018 and 2017 , less the effect of tax losses incurred by some subsidiaries for which no deferred tax asset was recorded.
| (2) | For the purpose of determining the effective tax rate, the payments corresponding to taxes from previous years and expenses that were paid by various group companies derived from repair agreements during the 2019 fiscal year were not considered within the income tax expense.
The Company has tax losses in some Mexican subsidiaries which, according to the ISR law in Mexico, can be amortized to reduce taxable income generated over the following ten years. Tax losses can be updated following certain procedures established in the law. As of November 18, 2015, the Finance Ministry (SHCP) issued a decree in which a fiscal incentive is given to those who pay income tax (ISR) under terms of the Titles II or IV, Chapter II, Section I of the Law of ISR. Taxpayers who had business income of up to 100 million pesos, could write off up to 82% of 2016 and 85% for 2017 of investment in new fixed assets. This incentive that was used by Aceros Especiales Simec Tlaxcala, S.A. de C.V. and Fundiciones de Acero Estructural, S.A. de C.V. Likewise, on January 18, 2017, a decree was issued in which similar benefits were granted but only 69% authorized as an immediate deduction, which was used by the company Simec International, S.A. de C.V. As of December 31, 2019, Grupo Simec, S.A.B. de C.V. and certain of its Mexican subsidiaries have updated tax losses pending of amortize as follows:
Origin Date |  | Expiration Date |  | Tax losses available |
2011 |  | 2021 |  |  | 9,293,585 | (1)
2012 |  | 2022 |  |  | 9 |
2013 |  | 2023 |  |  | 4,842 |
2014 |  | 2024 |  |  | 16,198 |
2015 |  | 2025 |  |  | 7,874 |
2016 |  | 2026 |  |  | 121,737 |
2017 |  | 2027 |  |  | 310,041 |
2018 |  | 2028 |  |  | 112,323 |
2019 |  | 2029 |  |  | 1,196,196 |
|  |  |  | $ | 11,062,805 |
| (1) | This amount includes $ 9,268,569 corresponding to a tax loss from the sale of shares which, according to the Income Tax Law, can only be applied against taxable profits on the sale of shares generated in the future.
As of December 31, 2019, Republic had USD$ 249.7 million of tax losses pending of amortize for federal tax purposes, which expire between 2033 and 2038; USD$ 323.6 million of tax losses for state and local purposes that expire between 2020 and 2039 and approximately USD$ 5.5 million of tax losses at the subsidiary located in Canada, which expire between 2032 and 2039. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, GV do Brasil Industria e Comercio of Aço LTDA, a subsidiary established in Brazil, had 210.345 million Brazilian Reals ($ 985 million of Mexican pesos) and 202.008 million Brazilian Reals ($ 1,025 million of Mexican pesos) respectively of tax losses pending of amortize for federal tax purposes, which do not have an expiration date. As of December 31, 2019, Companhia Siderúrgica do Espirito Santo S.A., a subsidiary established in Brazil, had 20.042 million Brazilian Reals (94 million of Mexican pesos) of tax losses pending of amortize for federal tax purposes, which do not have an expiration date. Below is a summary of the effects of the main temporary differences comprising the deferred income tax liability included in the consolidated statements of financial position.
| December 31,
| 2 0 1 9 |  | 2 0 1 8
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | (50,476) |  | $ | 1,045
Advances from customers |  | 182,635 |  |  | 113,224
Deferred tax assets |  | 132,159 |  |  | 114,269
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 3,159,719 |  |  | 3,224,295
Intangible assets from Grupo San |  | 318,768 |  |  | 310,025
Provisions |  | 30,641 |  |  | 57,816
Prepaid expenses |  | 33,137 |  |  | 29,879
Total deferred liabilities |  | 3,542,265 |  |  | 3,622,015
Deferred tax liabilities, net | $ | 3,410,106 |  | $ | 3,507,746

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