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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2016
Fair Value Measurements |
Fair Value Measurements | Note 2 — Fair Value Measurements ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; it also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:
| · |  | Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
| · |  | Level 2 Inputs - Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
| · |  | Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or other valuation techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below. The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2016 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at |
|  |  |  |  | Reporting Date Using |
|  |  |  |  | (in Thousands) |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Prices in |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Active |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  | Assets/Liabilities |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant |
|  | Measured at |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable |
|  | Fair Value |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs |
|  | June 30, 2016 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |
Measured on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 3,925,794 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,906,421 |  | $ | 19,373 |
States and political subdivisions |  |  | 278,596 |  |  | — |  |  | 278,596 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 28,929 |  |  | 28,929 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 4,233,319 |  | $ | 28,929 |  | $ | 4,185,017 |  | $ | 19,373 |
The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at |
|  |  |  |  | Reporting Date Using |
|  |  |  |  | (in Thousands) |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Prices in |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Active |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  | Assets/Liabilities |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant |
|  | Measured at |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable |
|  | Fair Value |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs |
|  | December 31, 2015 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |
Measured on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage - backed securities |  | $ | 3,893,211 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,871,982 |  | $ | 21,229 |
States and political subdivisions |  |  | 277,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,704 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 28,457 |  |  | 28,457 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 4,199,372 |  | $ | 28,457 |  | $ | 4,149,686 |  | $ | 21,229 |
Investment securities available-for-sale are classified within Level 2 and Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, with the exception of certain equity investments that are classified within Level 1. For investments classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, the Company obtains fair value measurements for investment securities from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. Investment securities classified as Level 3 are non-agency mortgage-backed securities. The non-agency mortgage-backed securities held by the Company are traded in inactive markets and markets that have experienced significant decreases in volume and level of activity, as evidenced by few recent transactions, a significant decline or absence of new issuances, price quotations that are not based on comparable securities transactions and wide bid-ask spreads among other factors. As a result of the inability to use quoted market prices to determine fair value for these securities, the Company determined that fair value, as determined by level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy, is more appropriate for financial reporting and more consistent with the expected performance of the investments. For the investments classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine fair value. Inputs in the model included both historical performance and expected future performance based on information currently available. Assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were applied separately to those portions of the bond where the underlying residential mortgage loans had been performing under original contract terms for at least the prior 24 months and those where the underlying residential mortgages had not been meeting the original contractual obligation for the same period. Unobservable inputs included in the model are estimates on future principal prepayment rates and default and loss severity rates. For that portion of the bond where the underlying residential mortgage had been meeting the original contract terms for at least 24 months, the Company used the following estimates in the model: (i) a voluntary prepayment rate of 7%, (ii) a 1% default rate, (iii) a loss severity rate of 25%, and (iv) a discount rate of 13%. The assumptions used in the model for the rest of the bond included the following estimates: (i) a voluntary prepayment rate of 2%, (ii) a default rate of 4.5%, (iii) a loss severity rate that started at 60% for the first year (2012) then declines by 5% for the following five years (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017) and remains at 25% thereafter (2018 and beyond), and (iv) a discount rate of 13%. The estimates used in the model to determine fair value are based on observable historical data of the underlying collateral. The model anticipates that the housing market will gradually improve and that the underlying collateral will eventually all perform in accordance with the original contract terms on the bond. Should the number of loans in the underlying collateral that default and go into foreclosure or the severity of the losses in the underlying collateral significantly change, the results of the model would be impacted. The Company will continue to evaluate the actual historical performance of the underlying collateral and will modify the assumptions used in the model as necessary. The following table presents a reconciliation of activity for such mortgage-backed securities on a net basis (Dollars in Thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 21,229 |
Principal paydowns |  |  | (2,188) |
Total unrealized gains (losses) included in: |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | 523 |
Impairment realized in earnings |  |  | (191) |
Balance at June 30, 2016 |  | $ | 19,373 |
Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended June 30, 2016 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Date Using |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | (in thousands) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Assets/Liabilities |  | Prices in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Measured at |  | Active |  | Significant |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant |  | Net Provision |
|  | Year ended |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable |  | (Credit) |
|  | June 30, |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs |  | During |
|  | 2016 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | Period |
Measured on a non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 34,468 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 34,468 |  | $ | 17,057 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 4,338 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,338 |  |  | 570 |
The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2015 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Date Using |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | (in thousands) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Assets/Liabilities |  | Prices in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Measured at |  | Active |  | Significant |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value |  | Markets |  | Other |  | Significant |  | Net (Credit) |
|  | Year ended |  | for Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable |  | Provision |
|  | December 31, |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs |  | During |
|  | 2015 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | Period |
Measured on a non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 18,033 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 18,033 |  | $ | (8,589) |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 12,705 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,705 |  |  | 1,023 |
The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are limited to impaired loans and other real estate owned. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The fair value of impaired loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC 310, “Receivables”. Impaired loans are primarily comprised of collateral-dependent commercial loans. Understanding that as the primary sources of loan repayments decline, the secondary repayment source takes on greater significance and correctly evaluating the fair value of that secondary source, the collateral, becomes even more important. Re-measurement of the impaired loan to fair value is done through a specific valuation allowance included in the allowance for probable loan losses. The fair value of impaired loans is based on the fair value of the collateral, as determined through either an appraisal or evaluation process. The basis for the Company’s appraisal and appraisal review process is based on regulatory guidelines and strives to comply with all regulatory appraisal laws, regulations, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. All appraisals and evaluations are “as is” (the property’s highest and best use) valuations based on the current conditions of the property/project at that point in time. The determination of the fair value of the collateral is based on the net realizable value, which is the appraised value less any closing costs, when applicable. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had $28,184,000 of impaired commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $12,603,000 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months, and of which $7,922,000 had an evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $51,021,000 of impaired commercial collateral dependent loans, of which $39,520,000 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding twelve months and of which $2,958,000 had an evaluation performed within the immediately preceding twelve months. The determination to either seek an appraisal or to perform an evaluation begins in weekly credit quality meetings, where the committee analyzes the existing collateral values of the impaired loans and where obsolete appraisals are identified. In order to determine whether the Company would obtain a new appraisal or perform an internal evaluation to determine the fair value of the collateral, the credit committee reviews the existing appraisal to determine if the collateral value is reasonable in view of the current use of the collateral and the economic environment related to the collateral. If the analysis of the existing appraisal does not find that the collateral value is reasonable under the current circumstances, the Company would obtain a new appraisal on the collateral or perform an internal evaluation of the collateral. The ultimate decision to get a new appraisal rests with the independent credit administration group. A new appraisal is not required if an internal evaluation, as performed by in-house experts, is able to appropriately update the original appraisal assumptions to reflect current market conditions and provide an estimate of the collateral’s market value for impairment analysis. The internal evaluations must be in writing and contain sufficient information detailing the analysis, assumptions and conclusions, and they must support performing an evaluation in lieu of ordering a new appraisal. Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired by foreclosure and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Other real estate owned is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property or its fair value less estimated costs to sell such property (as determined by independent appraisal) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to foreclosure, the value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the allowance for probable loan losses, if necessary. The fair value is reviewed periodically and subsequent write-downs are made, accordingly, through a charge to operations. Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the consolidated financial statements. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded $149,000 and $381,000, respectively, in charges to the allowance for probable loan losses in connection with loans transferred to other real estate owned. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, the Company recorded $523,000 and $570,000 in adjustments to fair value in connection with other real estate owned. The fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions for the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are outlined below. Cash and Cash Equivalents For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Time Deposits with Banks The carrying amounts of time deposits with banks approximate fair value. Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity The carrying amounts of investments held-to-maturity approximate fair value. Investment Securities For investment securities, which include U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage pass through and related securities, fair values are from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. See disclosures of fair value of investment securities in Note 6. Loans Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, real estate and consumer loans as outlined by regulatory reporting guidelines. Each category is segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms and by performing and non-performing categories. For variable rate performing loans, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate performing loans, except residential mortgage loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. For performing residential mortgage loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources or the primary origination market. Fixed-rate performing loans are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of fixed-rate performing loans was $1,404,016,000 and $1,383,836,000 respectively, and the estimated fair value was $1,372,931,000 and $1,362,248,000, respectively. Accrued Interest The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value. Deposits The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and interest bearing demand deposit accounts, was equal to the amount payable on demand as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is based on currently offered rates. Time deposits are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of time deposits was $2,275,990,000 and $2,366,413,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $2,272,019,000 and $2,365,390,000, respectively. Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements Securities sold under repurchase agreements include both short- and long-term maturities. Due to the contractual terms of the short-term instruments, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The fair value of the long-term instruments is based on established market spreads using option adjusted spread methodology. Long-term repurchase agreements are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of long-term repurchase agreements was $560,000,000 and $560,000,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $531,898,300 and $527,198,600, respectively. Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures The Company currently has floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures outstanding. Due to the contractual terms of the floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Other Borrowed Funds The Company currently has short-term borrowings issued from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Due to the contractual terms of the short-term borrowings, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit Commitments to extend credit and fund letters of credit are principally at current interest rates, and, therefore, the carrying amount approximates fair value. Limitations Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-statement of condition financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include the bank premises and equipment and core deposit value. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the effect of fair value estimates have not been considered in the above estimates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=36462937&loc=d3e19207-110258 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 30 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14172-108612 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 28 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14064-108612 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13537-108611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13504-108611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13433-108611 + Details
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