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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of income tax expense
Components of income tax expense are as follows (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Current income tax expense:
State income tax$— $$
Canadian federal and provincial income tax51 109 63 
Total current income tax expense$51 $112 $66 
Deferred income tax expense/(benefit):
Federal income tax$(149)$89 $90 
State income tax21 14 
Canadian federal and provincial income tax(70)(46)132 
Total deferred income tax expense/(benefit)$(218)$64 $236 
Total income tax expense/(benefit)$(167)$176 $302 
Summary of differences between income tax expense based on the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective income tax expense
The difference between income tax expense based on the statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax expense is summarized as follows (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Income/(loss) before tax$(2,607)$2,238 $2,409 
Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests1,872 (1,731)(1,773)
Income taxes attributable to noncontrolling interests19 (66)(198)
$(716)$441 $438 
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Income tax expense/(benefit) at statutory rate$(150)$93 $92 
Deferred tax rate adjustment11 10 
State income tax, net of federal benefit(9)
Income taxes attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Canadian federal and provincial income tax(19)63 195 
State income tax— 
Total income tax expense/(benefit)$(167)$176 $302 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are aggregated by the applicable tax paying entity and jurisdiction and result from the following (in millions):

December 31,
20202019
Deferred tax assets:
Investment in partnerships$917 $874 
Net operating losses527 406 
Derivative instruments45 — 
Lease liabilities39 55 
Other16 16 
Total deferred tax assets1,544 1,351 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment in excess of tax values(475)(472)
Derivative instruments— (22)
Lease assets(38)(53)
Other(3)(5)
Total deferred tax liabilities(516)(552)
Net deferred tax assets$1,028 $799 
Balance sheet classification of deferred tax assets/(liabilities):
Deferred tax asset$1,444 $1,280 
Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits(416)(481)
$1,028 $799