Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	(1) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accounting and reporting policies of BancFirst Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and general practice within the banking industry. A summary of the significant accounting policies follows. Nature of Operations BancFirst Corporation is an Oklahoma business corporation and a financial holding company under federal law. It conducts virtually all of its operating activities through its principal wholly-owned subsidiary, BancFirst (the “Bank” or “BancFirst”), a state-chartered bank headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The Bank provides a wide range of retail and commercial banking services, including: commercial, real estate, agricultural and consumer lending; depository and funds transfer services; collections; safe deposit boxes; cash management services; retail brokerage services; and other services tailored for both individual and corporate customers. The Bank also offers trust services and acts as executor, administrator, trustee, transfer agent and in various other fiduciary capacities. Through its Technology and Operations Center, the Bank provides item processing, research and other correspondent banking services to financial institutions and governmental units. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, BancFirst Insurance Services, Inc., an independent insurance agency, offers a variety of commercial and personal insurance products. In addition, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Council Oak Partners, LLC, an Oklahoma limited liability company, engages in investing activities. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BancFirst Corporation, Council Oak Partners, LLC, BancFirst Insurance Services, Inc., BancFirst Risk & Insurance Company, and BancFirst and its subsidiaries. The principal operating subsidiaries of BancFirst are Council Oak Investment Corporation, Council Oak Real Estate Inc., BFTower, LLC and BancFirst Agency, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Assets held in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not assets of the Company and, accordingly, are not included in the consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts from 2017 and 2016 have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation. These reclassifications were not material to the Company’s financial statements. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States inherently involves the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the related disclosures. These estimates relate principally to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, income taxes, the fair value of financial instruments and the valuation of intangibles. Such estimates and assumptions may change over time and actual amounts realized may differ from those reported. Securities The Company invests in debt securities. Any sales of debt securities are for the purpose of executing the Company’s asset/liability management strategy, eliminating a perceived credit risk in a specific security or providing liquidity. Debt securities that are being held for indefinite periods of time, or that may be sold as part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy, to provide liquidity or for other reasons, are classified as available for sale and are stated at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on debt securities available for sale are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity, net of income tax. Gains or losses from sales of debt securities are based upon the book values of the specific debt securities sold. Debt securities for which the Company has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held for investment and are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts computed under the interest method. The Company reviews its portfolio of securities for impairment at least quarterly. Impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary if it is likely that all amounts contractually due will not be received for debt securities. When impairment is considered other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is written down to fair value, with the impairment charge included in earnings. In evaluating whether the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary, the Company considers, among other things, the period of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position, and whether the Company has the intent and ability to hold a security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. The Company does not engage in securities trading activities. The Company invests in equity securities without readily determinable fair values and utilizes Level 3 inputs. Beginning January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, these securities are reported at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The realized and unrealized gains and losses are reported as securities transactions in the noninterest income section of the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, equity securities were classified as available-for-sale and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Equity securities are reported in other assets on the balance sheet. The Company reviews its portfolio of equity securities for impairment at least quarterly. Loans The lending function is governed by written policies and procedures, as determined by senior management and approved by the Board of Directors. The policies and procedures set the standards for lending in each major loan category by collateral type and use of loan proceeds. The objectives of these policies and procedures are to identify profitable markets, determine appropriate risk tolerance levels for each type of loan, establish limits for loan officer approval, set concentration limits, establish loan-to-value thresholds, set repayment terms and loan structure guidelines and adhere to documentation requirements. Interest rate risk is controlled by the use of variable rate provisions, the vast majority of which have a rate floor, limits on fixing rates for longer periods and the use of prepayment penalties. One-to-four family residential real estate loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies and are fully documented. Credit worthiness is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history and residential and employment stability. These loans include first liens, junior liens and home equity lines of credit. The composition of this portfolio is primarily first liens, which comprise approximately 82% of the portfolio, with junior liens comprising approximately 9%, and home equity lines of credit comprising approximately 9%. The Company does not engage in any hybrid loan programs. In addition, the Company does not have any exposure to loans with negative amortization, interest rate carryover or discounting of the initial rates (teaser rates). Loans originated within the Company are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest, loan fees and allowance for loan losses. Interest on all performing loans is recognized, on a simple interest basis, based upon the principal amount outstanding. A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the future collectability of interest and/or principal is not probable. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is recognized on certain of these loans on a cash basis if the full collection of the remaining principal balance is reasonably expected. Otherwise, interest income is not recognized until the principal balance is fully collected. See Note (5) for loan disclosures. An updated appraisal of the collateral is obtained when a loan is first identified as a problem loan. Appraisals are reviewed annually and are updated as needed, or are updated more frequently if significant changes are believed to have occurred in the collateral or market conditions. Appraisals of other real estate owned are also reviewed and updated consistent with this policy. When a loan deteriorates to the point that the account officer or the Loan Committee concludes it no longer represents a viable asset, it will be charged off. Similarly, any portion of a loan that is deemed to no longer be a viable asset will be charged off. A loan will not be charged off unless such action has been approved by the branch President. Acquired Loans Loans acquired through business combinations since December 2009 are required to be carried at fair value as of the date of the combination. Loans that would have a general allowance for loan losses or have specific evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination are adjusted to fair value and any allowance for loan losses is eliminated. The difference between the fair value of loans which do not have specific evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and their principal balance is recognized in interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. For loans which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows), the difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized in interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as yield adjustments or as loss accruals or valuation allowances. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairments. Any probable loss due to subsequent credit deterioration of the loans since acquisition is provided for in the allowance for loan losses. Loans Held For Sale The Company originates mortgage loans to be sold. At the time of origination, the acquiring bank has already been determined and the terms of the loan, including the interest rate, have already been set by the acquiring bank allowing the Company to originate the loan at fair value. Mortgage loans are generally sold within 30 days of origination. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Gains or losses recognized upon the sale of the loans are determined on a specific identification basis. The Company does not sell residential mortgage loans with recourse other than obligations under standard representations and warranties or for fraud. These obligations relate to loan performance for the life of the loan. The amount of loans repurchased since the inception of the program is not considered to be material, and therefore, no reserve has been required. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of probable credit losses related to specifically identified loans and for losses inherent in the portfolio that have been incurred as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is increased by provisions charged to operating expense and is reduced by net loan charge-offs. The amount of the allowance for loan losses is based on past loan loss experience, evaluations of known impaired loans, levels of adversely graded loans, general economic conditions and other environmental factors. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Impairment is evaluated in aggregate for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific allowance is provided, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected primarily from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Nonaccrual Policy The Company does not accrue interest on (1) any loan upon which a default of principal or interest has existed for a period of 90 days or over unless the collateral margin or guarantor support are such that full collection of principal and interest are not in doubt, and an orderly plan for collection is in process; and (2) any other loan for which it is expected full collection of principal and interest is not probable. A nonaccrual loan may be restored to an accrual status when none of its principal and interest are past due and unpaid or otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection and when prospects for collection of future contractual payments are no longer in doubt. With the exception of a formal debt forgiveness agreement, no loan which has had principal charged-off shall be restored to accrual status unless the charged-off principal has been recovered. Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to operating expense and is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while improvements are capitalized. Premises and equipment is tested for impairment if events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying amount of any premises and equipment may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the fair values of the premises and equipment with their recorded amounts. Premises that are identified to be sold are transferred to other real estate owned at the lower of their carrying amounts or their fair values less estimated costs to sell. Any losses on premises identified to be sold are charged to operating expense. When premises and equipment are transferred to other real estate owned, sold, or otherwise retired, the cost and applicable accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gains or losses are reported in the statement of comprehensive income. Other Real Estate Owned Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure proceedings or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure, and premises held for sale. These properties are carried at the lower of the book values of the related loans or fair values based upon appraisals, less estimated costs to sell. Losses arising at the time of reclassification of such properties from loans to other real estate owned are charged directly to the allowance for loan losses. Any losses on premises identified to be sold are charged to operating expense at the time of transfer from premises to other real estate owned. Losses from declines in value of the properties subsequent to classification as other real estate owned are charged to operating expense. Intangible Assets and Goodwill Core deposit intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of seven to ten years and customer relationship intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of three to eighteen years. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized based on current prepayment assumptions. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated at a reporting unit level at least annually for impairment, or more frequently if other indicators of impairment are present. At least annually in the fourth quarter, intangible assets, excluding mortgage servicing rights, are evaluated for possible impairment. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the fair values of the intangible assets with their recorded amounts. Any impairment losses are reported in the statement of comprehensive income. Mortgage servicing rights are adjusted to fair value periodically, if impaired. Derivatives The Company recognizes all of its derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at fair value and recognizes the realized and unrealized change in fair value in the statement of comprehensive income. Income is derived from a fixed pricing spread when customer hedge contracts are immediately offset with counterparty contracts as compensation for administrative costs and credit risk and recognized in other noninterest income. Insurance Commissions and Fees Commission revenue is recognized at the later of the billing date or the effective date of the related insurance policies for those accounts billed by the Agency. Commission revenue, for accounts that are directly billed by the insurance company to the insured, is recognized when determinable by the Agency, which is generally when such commissions are received. The Agency also receives contingent commissions from insurance companies as additional incentive for achieving specified premium volume goals and/or loss experience parameters relating to the insurance placed by the Agency. Contingent commissions from insurance companies are recognized when determinable, which is generally when such commissions are received. Stock-based Compensation The Company recognizes stock-based compensation as compensation expense in the statement of comprehensive income based on the fair value of the Company’s stock options on the measurement date, which, for the Company, is the date of the grant. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is based on certain assumptions including risk-free rate of return, dividend yield, stock price volatility and the expected term. The fair value of each option is expensed over its vesting period. Income Taxes The Company files a consolidated income tax return with its subsidiaries. Federal and state income tax expense or benefit has been allocated to subsidiaries on a separate return basis. Deferred taxes are recognized under the balance sheet method based upon the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, using the tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods when the related temporary differences are expected to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Earnings Per Common Share Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income, less any preferred dividends requirement, by the weighted average of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options, convertible securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income includes all changes in stockholders’ equity during a period, except those resulting from transactions with stockholders. Besides net income, other components of the Company’s comprehensive income includes the after tax effect of changes in the net unrealized gain/loss on debt securities available for sale. Statement of Cash Flows For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits with banks as cash equivalents. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards Adopted During Current Period: In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-2, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU 2018-2 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-2 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2018-2 and the amount to reclassify was immaterial to the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s policy is to release material stranded tax effects on a specific identification basis. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting.” The amendments in this update provide guidance about types of changes to the terms of conditions of share-based payment awards that would require an entity to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. ASU 2017-09 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements and no prior periods were adjusted. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 removes the second step of goodwill testing. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-4 and it did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of a business. ASU 2017-01 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” ASU 2016-16 provides guidance stating that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements and no prior periods were adjusted. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce the diversity in practice around how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10).” ASU 2016-01 requires all equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The adoption of the guidance resulted in a $618,000 decrease to retained earnings and a $618,000 increase to accumulated other comprehensive income. Additional income of $48,900 was recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income during 2018 as a result of changes to the accounting for equity investments. Further, the Company’s securities disclosures in Note (4) have been revised to exclude equity investments and fair value disclosures in Note (20) have incorporated the revised disclosure requirements for financial investments. In addition, equity securities of $5.7 million were reclassed from securities to other assets on the Company’s 2017 balance sheet to conform to the current presentation. ASU 2016-01 also emphasizes the existing requirement to use exit prices to measure fair value for disclosure purposes and clarifies that entities should not make use of a practicability exception in determining the fair value of loans. Accordingly, we refined the calculation used to determine the disclosed fair value of the Company’s loans held for investment as part of adopting this standard. The refined calculation did not have a significant impact on the Company’s fair value disclosures. ASU 2016-01 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU 2014-09 implements a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede substantially all existing revenue recognition guidance. The new standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in a manner that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, which comprises a significant portion of the Company’s revenue stream. ASU 2014-09 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. Standards Not Yet Adopted: In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820).” ASU 2018-13 removes, modifies and adds disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. In addition, early adoption of any removed or modified disclosures and delayed adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date is also permitted. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU 2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgements used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements. In that regard, the Company has formed a task force under the direction of its Chief Financial Officer. In preparation, the Company has developed new credit estimation models, processes and controls. Internal validation of the models is underway and expected to be completed early in 2019. The Company has performed test runs of the new processes and controls and expects to begin full parallel runs by mid-2019. The impact of the standard will depend on the composition of the Company’s portfolio as well as economic conditions and forecasts at the time of adoption. The Company expects to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2020. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases - (Topic 842).” ASU 2016-02 requires that lessees recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases. The amendments are effective for annual periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt the new guidance using a modified retrospective basis and anticipates applying the optional practical expedients related to the transition. Based on leases outstanding and the Company’s preliminary assessment as of December 31, 2018, the Company expects the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to increase assets and liabilities by approximately $3.0 million on its consolidated balance sheet in 2019.

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(1) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting and reporting policies of BancFirst Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and general practice within the banking industry. A summary of the significant accounting policies follows.

Nature of Operations

BancFirst Corporation is an Oklahoma business corporation and a financial holding company under federal law. It conducts virtually all of its operating activities through its principal wholly-owned subsidiary, BancFirst (the “Bank” or “BancFirst”), a state-chartered bank headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The Bank provides a wide range of retail and commercial banking services, including: commercial, real estate, agricultural and consumer lending; depository and funds transfer services; collections; safe deposit boxes; cash management services; retail brokerage services; and other services tailored for both individual and corporate customers. The Bank also offers trust services and acts as executor, administrator, trustee, transfer agent and in various other fiduciary capacities. Through its Technology and Operations Center, the Bank provides item processing, research and other correspondent banking services to financial institutions and governmental units. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, BancFirst Insurance Services, Inc., an independent insurance agency, offers a variety of commercial and personal insurance products. In addition, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Council Oak Partners, LLC, an Oklahoma limited liability company, engages in investing activities.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BancFirst Corporation, Council Oak Partners, LLC, BancFirst Insurance Services, Inc., BancFirst Risk & Insurance Company, and BancFirst and its subsidiaries. The principal operating subsidiaries of BancFirst are Council Oak Investment Corporation, Council Oak Real Estate Inc., BFTower, LLC and BancFirst Agency, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Assets held in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not assets of the Company and, accordingly, are not included in the consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts from 2017 and 2016 have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation. These reclassifications were not material to the Company’s financial statements.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States inherently involves the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the related disclosures. These estimates relate principally to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, income taxes, the fair value of financial instruments and the valuation of intangibles. Such estimates and assumptions may change over time and actual amounts realized may differ from those reported.

Securities

The Company invests in debt securities. Any sales of debt securities are for the purpose of executing the Company’s asset/liability management strategy, eliminating a perceived credit risk in a specific security or providing liquidity. Debt securities that are being held for indefinite periods of time, or that may be sold as part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy, to provide liquidity or for other reasons, are classified as available for sale and are stated at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on debt securities available for sale are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity, net of income tax. Gains or losses from sales of debt securities are based upon the book values of the specific debt securities sold. Debt securities for which the Company has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held for investment and are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts computed under the interest method. The Company reviews its portfolio of securities for impairment at least quarterly. Impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary if it is likely that all amounts contractually due will not be received for debt securities. When impairment is considered other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is written down to fair value, with the impairment charge included in earnings. In evaluating whether the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary, the Company considers, among other things, the period of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position, and whether the Company has the intent and ability to hold a security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. The Company does not engage in securities trading activities.

The Company invests in equity securities without readily determinable fair values and utilizes Level 3 inputs. Beginning January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, these securities are reported at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The realized and unrealized gains and losses are reported as securities transactions in the noninterest income section of the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, equity securities were classified as available-for-sale and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Equity securities are reported in other assets on the balance sheet. The Company reviews its portfolio of equity securities for impairment at least quarterly.

Loans

The lending function is governed by written policies and procedures, as determined by senior management and approved by the Board of Directors. The policies and procedures set the standards for lending in each major loan category by collateral type and use of loan proceeds. The objectives of these policies and procedures are to identify profitable markets, determine appropriate risk tolerance levels for each type of loan, establish limits for loan officer approval, set concentration limits, establish loan-to-value thresholds, set repayment terms and loan structure guidelines and adhere to documentation requirements. Interest rate risk is controlled by the use of variable rate provisions, the vast majority of which have a rate floor, limits on fixing rates for longer periods and the use of prepayment penalties.

One-to-four family residential real estate loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies and are fully documented. Credit worthiness is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history and residential and employment stability. These loans include first liens, junior liens and home equity lines of credit. The composition of this portfolio is primarily first liens, which comprise approximately 82% of the portfolio, with junior liens comprising approximately 9%, and home equity lines of credit comprising approximately 9%. The Company does not engage in any hybrid loan programs. In addition, the Company does not have any exposure to loans with negative amortization, interest rate carryover or discounting of the initial rates (teaser rates).

Loans originated within the Company are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest, loan fees and allowance for loan losses. Interest on all performing loans is recognized, on a simple interest basis, based upon the principal amount outstanding. A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the future collectability of interest and/or principal is not probable. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is recognized on certain of these loans on a cash basis if the full collection of the remaining principal balance is reasonably expected. Otherwise, interest income is not recognized until the principal balance is fully collected. See Note (5) for loan disclosures.

An updated appraisal of the collateral is obtained when a loan is first identified as a problem loan. Appraisals are reviewed annually and are updated as needed, or are updated more frequently if significant changes are believed to have occurred in the collateral or market conditions. Appraisals of other real estate owned are also reviewed and updated consistent with this policy.

When a loan deteriorates to the point that the account officer or the Loan Committee concludes it no longer represents a viable asset, it will be charged off. Similarly, any portion of a loan that is deemed to no longer be a viable asset will be charged off. A loan will not be charged off unless such action has been approved by the branch President.

Acquired Loans

Loans acquired through business combinations since December 2009 are required to be carried at fair value as of the date of the combination. Loans that would have a general allowance for loan losses or have specific evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination are adjusted to fair value and any allowance for loan losses is eliminated. The difference between the fair value of loans which do not have specific evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and their principal balance is recognized in interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. For loans which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows), the difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized in interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as yield adjustments or as loss accruals or valuation allowances. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairments. Any probable loss due to subsequent credit deterioration of the loans since acquisition is provided for in the allowance for loan losses.

Loans Held For Sale

The Company originates mortgage loans to be sold. At the time of origination, the acquiring bank has already been determined and the terms of the loan, including the interest rate, have already been set by the acquiring bank allowing the Company to originate the loan at fair value. Mortgage loans are generally sold within 30 days of origination. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Gains or losses recognized upon the sale of the loans are determined on a specific identification basis. The Company does not sell residential mortgage loans with recourse other than obligations under standard representations and warranties or for fraud. These obligations relate to loan performance for the life of the loan. The amount of loans repurchased since the inception of the program is not considered to be material, and therefore, no reserve has been required.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of probable credit losses related to specifically identified loans and for losses inherent in the portfolio that have been incurred as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is increased by provisions charged to operating expense and is reduced by net loan charge-offs. The amount of the allowance for loan losses is based on past loan loss experience, evaluations of known impaired loans, levels of adversely graded loans, general economic conditions and other environmental factors. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Impairment is evaluated in aggregate for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific allowance is provided, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected primarily from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.

Nonaccrual Policy

The Company does not accrue interest on (1) any loan upon which a default of principal or interest has existed for a period of 90 days or over unless the collateral margin or guarantor support are such that full collection of principal and interest are not in doubt, and an orderly plan for collection is in process; and (2) any other loan for which it is expected full collection of principal and interest is not probable.

A nonaccrual loan may be restored to an accrual status when none of its principal and interest are past due and unpaid or otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection and when prospects for collection of future contractual payments are no longer in doubt. With the exception of a formal debt forgiveness agreement, no loan which has had principal charged-off shall be restored to accrual status unless the charged-off principal has been recovered.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to operating expense and is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while improvements are capitalized. Premises and equipment is tested for impairment if events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying amount of any premises and equipment may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the fair values of the premises and equipment with their recorded amounts. Premises that are identified to be sold are transferred to other real estate owned at the lower of their carrying amounts or their fair values less estimated costs to sell. Any losses on premises identified to be sold are charged to operating expense. When premises and equipment are transferred to other real estate owned, sold, or otherwise retired, the cost and applicable accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gains or losses are reported in the statement of comprehensive income.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure proceedings or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure, and premises held for sale. These properties are carried at the lower of the book values of the related loans or fair values based upon appraisals, less estimated costs to sell. Losses arising at the time of reclassification of such properties from loans to other real estate owned are charged directly to the allowance for loan losses. Any losses on premises identified to be sold are charged to operating expense at the time of transfer from premises to other real estate owned. Losses from declines in value of the properties subsequent to classification as other real estate owned are charged to operating expense.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Core deposit intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of seven to ten years and customer relationship intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of three to eighteen years. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized based on current prepayment assumptions. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated at a reporting unit level at least annually for impairment, or more frequently if other indicators of impairment are present. At least annually in the fourth quarter, intangible assets, excluding mortgage servicing rights, are evaluated for possible impairment. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the fair values of the intangible assets with their recorded amounts. Any impairment losses are reported in the statement of comprehensive income. Mortgage servicing rights are adjusted to fair value periodically, if impaired.

Derivatives

The Company recognizes all of its derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at fair value and recognizes the realized and unrealized change in fair value in the statement of comprehensive income. Income is derived from a fixed pricing spread when customer hedge contracts are immediately offset with counterparty contracts as compensation for administrative costs and credit risk and recognized in other noninterest income.

Insurance Commissions and Fees

Commission revenue is recognized at the later of the billing date or the effective date of the related insurance policies for those accounts billed by the Agency. Commission revenue, for accounts that are directly billed by the insurance company to the insured, is recognized when determinable by the Agency, which is generally when such commissions are received.

The Agency also receives contingent commissions from insurance companies as additional incentive for achieving specified premium volume goals and/or loss experience parameters relating to the insurance placed by the Agency. Contingent commissions from insurance companies are recognized when determinable, which is generally when such commissions are received.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation as compensation expense in the statement of comprehensive income based on the fair value of the Company’s stock options on the measurement date, which, for the Company, is the date of the grant. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is based on certain assumptions including risk-free rate of return, dividend yield, stock price volatility and the expected term. The fair value of each option is expensed over its vesting period.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated income tax return with its subsidiaries. Federal and state income tax expense or benefit has been allocated to subsidiaries on a separate return basis. Deferred taxes are recognized under the balance sheet method based upon the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, using the tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods when the related temporary differences are expected to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income, less any preferred dividends requirement, by the weighted average of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options, convertible securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income includes all changes in stockholders’ equity during a period, except those resulting from transactions with stockholders. Besides net income, other components of the Company’s comprehensive income includes the after tax effect of changes in the net unrealized gain/loss on debt securities available for sale.

Statement of Cash Flows

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits with banks as cash equivalents.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Standards Adopted During Current Period:

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-2, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU 2018-2 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-2 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2018-2 and the amount to reclassify was immaterial to the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s policy is to release material stranded tax effects on a specific identification basis.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting.” The amendments in this update provide guidance about types of changes to the terms of conditions of share-based payment awards that would require an entity to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. ASU 2017-09 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements and no prior periods were adjusted.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 removes the second step of goodwill testing. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-4 and it did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of a business. ASU 2017-01 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” ASU 2016-16 provides guidance stating that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements and no prior periods were adjusted.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce the diversity in practice around how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10).” ASU 2016-01 requires all equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The adoption of the guidance resulted in a $618,000 decrease to retained earnings and a $618,000 increase to accumulated other comprehensive income. Additional income of $48,900 was recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income during 2018 as a result of changes to the accounting for equity investments. Further, the Company’s securities disclosures in Note (4) have been revised to exclude equity investments and fair value disclosures in Note (20) have incorporated the revised disclosure requirements for financial investments. In addition, equity securities of $5.7 million were reclassed from securities to other assets on the Company’s 2017 balance sheet to conform to the current presentation. ASU 2016-01 also emphasizes the existing requirement to use exit prices to measure fair value for disclosure purposes and clarifies that entities should not make use of a practicability exception in determining the fair value of loans. Accordingly, we refined the calculation used to determine the disclosed fair value of the Company’s loans held for investment as part of adopting this standard. The refined calculation did not have a significant impact on the Company’s fair value disclosures. ASU 2016-01 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU 2014-09 implements a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede substantially all existing revenue recognition guidance. The new standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in a manner that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, which comprises a significant portion of the Company’s revenue stream. ASU 2014-09 was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820).” ASU 2018-13 removes, modifies and adds disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. In addition, early adoption of any removed or modified disclosures and delayed adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date is also permitted.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU 2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgements used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements. In that regard, the Company has formed a task force under the direction of its Chief Financial Officer. In preparation, the Company has developed new credit estimation models, processes and controls. Internal validation of the models is underway and expected to be completed early in 2019. The Company has performed test runs of the new processes and controls and expects to begin full parallel runs by mid-2019. The impact of the standard will depend on the composition of the Company’s portfolio as well as economic conditions and forecasts at the time of adoption. The Company expects to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2020.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases - (Topic 842).” ASU 2016-02 requires that lessees recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases. The amendments are effective for annual periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt the new guidance using a modified retrospective basis and anticipates applying the optional practical expedients related to the transition. Based on leases outstanding and the Company’s preliminary assessment as of December 31, 2018, the Company expects the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to increase assets and liabilities by approximately $3.0 million on its consolidated balance sheet in 2019.