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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
(1) | DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accounting and reporting policies of BancFirst Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and general practice within the banking industry. A summary of significant accounting policies can be found in Note (1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BancFirst Corporation, Council Oak Partners, LLC, BancFirst Insurance Services, Inc., BancFirst Risk & Insurance Company, Pegasus Bank and BancFirst and its subsidiaries. The principal operating subsidiaries of BancFirst are Council Oak Investment Corporation, Council Oak Real Estate, Inc., BFTower, LLC and BancFirst Agency, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Assets held in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not assets of the Company and, accordingly, are not included in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions for Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information contained in the financial statements and footnotes included in BancFirst Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, should be referred to in connection with these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contained herein reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to provide a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations of the Company for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Reclassifications Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported cash flows, stockholders’ equity or comprehensive income. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States inherently involves the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the related disclosures. These estimates relate principally to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, income taxes, the fair value of financial instruments and the valuation of intangibles. Such estimates and assumptions may change over time and actual amounts realized may differ from those reported. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards Adopted During Current Period: In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, “Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820).” ASU 2018-13 modifies disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. ASU 2018-13 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. ASU No. 2018-13 was adopted on January 1, 2020 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for purchased loans and securities with credit deterioration and available-for-sale debt securities. The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Operating results for periods from January 1, 2020 are presented in accordance with ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable standards and the accounting policies described in our 2019 Form 10-K. The Company recorded a net increase to retained earnings of $2.3 million, net of tax of $925,000, as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, and the impact on our results of operations and cash flows was not material. The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration (PCD) that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired (PCI) and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets was adjusted to reflect the addition of approximately $1.2 million to the allowance for credit losses. The Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses against its available-for-sale securities, as the credit risk is not material. The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326 on the allowance for credit losses on the Company’s loans as of January 1, 2020.
|  | January 1, 2020 |
|  | As Reported Under ASC 326 |  |  | Pre ASC 326 Adoption |  |  | Impact of ASC 326 Adoption |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
BancFirst |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate owner occupied |  | $ | 2,819 |  |  | $ | 5,625 |  |  | $ | (2,806 | )
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied |  |  | 2,851 |  |  |  | 8,358 |  |  |  | (5,507 | )
Construction and development < 60 months |  |  | 1,158 |  |  |  | 2,214 |  |  |  | (1,056 | )
Construction residential real estate < 60 months |  |  | 1,155 |  |  |  | 1,933 |  |  |  | (778 | )
Residential real estate first lien |  |  | 4,861 |  |  |  | 8,692 |  |  |  | (3,831 | )
Residential real estate all other |  |  | 1,359 |  |  |  | 2,767 |  |  |  | (1,408 | )
Farmland |  |  | 1,413 |  |  |  | 2,821 |  |  |  | (1,408 | )
Commercial and agricultural non-real estate |  |  | 27,194 |  |  |  | 15,345 |  |  |  | 11,849 |
Consumer non-real estate |  |  | 2,630 |  |  |  | 3,252 |  |  |  | (622 | )
Other loans |  |  | 2,516 |  |  |  | 2,632 |  |  |  | (116 | )
Pegasus Bank |  |  | 3,087 |  |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 2,488 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans |  | $ | 51,043 |  |  | $ | 54,238 |  |  | $ | (3,195 | )
The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In order to estimate expected losses using historical loss information, the Company elected to utilize a methodology known as vintage loss analysis for substantially all of our loan portfolio. Vintage loss analysis measures impairment based on the age of the accounts and the historical asset performance of assets with similar risk characteristics. Vintage loss analysis accounts for expected losses by allowing the Company to calculate the cumulative loss rates of a given loan pool and in so doing, determine the loan pool’s lifetime expected loss experience. This includes a reasonable approximation of probable and estimable future losses determined by applying historical net charge off information to forward looking qualitative and environmental factors. First, the Company determined the appropriate type of financial assets that share similar risk characteristics, and then the Company developed a cumulative loss curve for the applicable financial assets based on historical data using different “vintages” analyzed by year of origination. This is done by dividing each year’s net charge-offs by the original principal balance. The respective vintage’s original principal balance remains the denominator in each annual calculation, as it references the specific vintage’s original balance. The loss experience of this original balance is tracked annually and summed over the life of the loan for each separate loan pool leaving a cumulative, life of credit loss rate based on historic averages weighted towards more recent loss experience. In addition to life of credit loss data, primary drivers like macroeconomic indicators of qualitative factors are used as adjustments to the expected loss calculation to reach a forecast supported by both quantitative and qualitative data points. The intent is to express the impact of changes in external factors while incorporating analysis of where the loan pool is in its loss history. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the collective evaluation. The Company has made the accounting policy election to use the fair value of the collateral to measure expected credit losses on collateral-dependent financial assets. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. In connection with the adoption of ASC 326, the Company revised certain accounting policies and implemented accounting policy elections. The revised accounting policies are described below. Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts. Accrued interest receivable totaled $31.0 million at June 30, 2020 and $27.4 million at December 31, 2019, and was reported in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on loans from the estimate of credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance using the simple-interest method on the daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding. Interest income on consumer and commercial loans is discontinued and placed on nonaccrual status at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in process of collection. Consumer loans are charged off at 180 days past due and commercial loans are charged off to the extent principal or interest is deemed uncollectible. Past-due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Troubled debt restructurings are loans on which, due to the borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company has granted a concession that the Company would not otherwise consider for borrowers of similar credit quality. This may include a transfer of real estate or other assets from the borrower, a modification of loan terms, or a combination of the two. Modifications of terms that could potentially qualify as a restructuring include reduction of contractual interest rate, extension of the maturity date at a contractual interest rate lower than the current rate for new debt with similar risk, and a reduction of the face amount of debt or forgiveness of either principal or accrued interest. A loan continues to qualify as restructured until a consistent payment history or change in the borrower’s financial condition has been evidenced, generally for no less than twelve months. If the restructuring agreement specifies an interest rate at the time of the restructuring that is greater than or equal to the rate that the Company is willing to accept for a new extension of credit with comparable risk, then the loan is no longer considered a restructured loan if it is in compliance with the modified terms in calendar years after the year of restructure. Purchased Credit Deteriorated (PCD) Loans: The Company has purchased loans, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. An allowance for credit losses is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The initial allowance for credit losses determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of the loan’s purchase price and allowance for credit losses becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the allowance for credit losses are recorded through provision expense. Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans: The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. In connection with our adoption of ASC 326, changes were made to our primary portfolio segments to align with the methodology applied in determining the allowance under CECL. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments, which includes the applicable weighted average life, and measures the allowance for credit losses using the vintage loss analysis adjusted for qualitative factors:
Loan Segment |  | Life (in years) |
BancFirst |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate owner occupied |  |  | 8 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied |  |  | 6 |
Construction and development < 60 months |  |  | 3 |
Construction residential real estate < 60 months |  |  | 1 |
Residential real estate first lien |  |  | 13 |
Residential real estate all other |  |  | 6 |
Farmland |  |  | 12 |
Commercial and agricultural non-real estate |  |  | 3 |
Consumer non-real estate |  |  | 4 |
Other loans |  |  | 9 |
Pegasus Bank |  |  | 4 |
These portfolio segments are separately identified because they exhibit distinctive risk characteristics, such as financial asset types, loan purpose, collateral, and industry of the borrower. A summary of our primary portfolio segments is as follows: Commercial real estate owner occupied. Commercial real estate owner occupied are nonresidential property loans for which the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the entity, or an affiliate of the entity, who owns the property. This category includes, among other loans, loans secured by office buildings, garden office buildings, manufacturing facilities, warehouse and flex warehouse facilities, hospitals, and car washes unless the property is owned by an investor who leases the property to the operator who, in turn, is not related to or affiliated with the investor. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied are nonresidential property loans where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent financing of the property. This category includes, among other loans, loans secured by shopping centers, office buildings, hotels/motels, nursing homes, assisted-living facilities, mini-storage warehouse facilities, and similar properties. Construction and development < 60 months. Residential development loans include loans to develop raw land into a residential development. Advances on the loans typically include land costs, hard costs (grading, utilities, roads, etc.), soft costs (engineering fees, development fees, entitlement fees, etc.) and carrying costs until the development is completed. Upon completion of the development, the loan is typically repaid through the sale of lots to homebuilders. Construction residential real estate < 60 months. Residential construction includes loans to builders for speculative or custom homes, as well as direct loans to individuals for construction of their personal residence. Custom construction and self-construction loans typically will have commitments in place for long-term financing at the completion of construction. Speculative construction loans generally will have periodic curtailment plans beginning after completion of construction and a reasonable time for sales to have occurred. Residential real estate first lien. Residential real estate first lien loans includes all closed-end loans secured by first liens on 1-to-4 family residential properties. This category includes property containing 1-to-4 dwelling units (including vacation homes) or more than four dwelling units if each is separated from other units by dividing walls that extend from ground to roof. This category also includes individual condominium dwelling units and loans secured by an interest in individual cooperative housing units, even if in a building with five or more dwelling units. Residential real estate all other. Residential real estate all other loans includes loans secured by junior (i.e., other than first) liens on 1-to-4 family residential properties. This category includes loans secured by junior liens even if the Company also holds a loan secured by a first lien on the same 1-to-4 family residential property. Farmland. This category includes loans secured by all land known to be used or usable for agricultural purposes, such as crop and livestock production. Farmland includes grazing or pasture land, whether tillable or not and whether wooded or not. Commercial and agricultural non-real estate. Commercial and agricultural non-real estate represent loans for working capital, facilities acquisition or expansion, purchase of equipment and other needs of commercial customers primarily located within Oklahoma. Loans in this category include commercial and industrial, oil and gas, agriculture and state and political subdivisions. Consumer non-real estate. Consumer loans are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures. Commonly, such loans are made to finance purchases of consumer goods, such as automobiles, boats, household goods, vacations and education. Other loans. Other loans consist of loans approved by the Small Business A dministratio n (SBA), which include loans funded through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). Since PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, there is no expected credit loss related to these loans. Pegasus Bank. Pegasus Bank’s loans are commercial and consumer loans mostly to customers within Texas secured by real estate. Pegasus Bank also includes commercial and industrial loans, which includes loans to companies in the oil and gas industry. The Company considers various factors to monitor the credit risk in the loan portfolio including volume and severity of loan delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, internal grading of loans, historical loan loss experience and economic conditions. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as the political, legal, and regulatory environment, technology and consumer preferences. Historical loss information is also adjusted for reasonable and supportable changes in national and local economic conditions, such as oil and gas prices, national and local unemployment, real gross domestic product (“GDP”), house price index (“HPI”), consumer price index (“CPI”), rental vacancies, and retail sales. Economic conditions are forecast as "current conditions" over the forecast period. Forecast models were used to validate credit performance during the forecast period. Beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast, the economic expectation reverts to the historical average, which is determined by the weighted average life of each loan pool. Determining the Contractual Term: Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual borrower or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs): The allowance for credit loss on a TDR is measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment, except when the value of a concession cannot be measured using a method other than the discounted cash flow method. When the value of a concession is measured using the discounted cash flow method, the allowance for credit loss is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the original interest rate of the loan. Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. Based on a low likelihood that funding will occur and the Company’s ability to manage the extension of credit to our borrowers, the allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure is not material. Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Securities: The Company reviews its portfolio of securities in an unrealized loss position at least quarterly. The Company first assesses whether it intends to sell or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. If either of these criteria is met, the securities amortized cost basis is written down to fair value as a current period expense. If either of the above criteria is not met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value is the result of credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers, among other things, the period of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position, and performance of any underlying collateral and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. At December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020 approximately 95% of the available for sale securities held by the Company were issued by the U.S. Treasury, or U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. The Company does not consider the unrealized position of these securities to be the result of credit factors, because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. Therefore, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses against its securities portfolio, as the credit risk is not material. PPP Fee Income Policy: The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, provides that the SBA will pay processing fees of up to 5% to lenders based on the volume of the PPP loans disbursed. The fee is based on the balance of each PPP loan outstanding at the time of full disbursement. As of June 30, 2020, the Company received approximately $30.0 million in processing fees from the SBA. The unamortized balance of these fees is reported on the Company's balance sheet as part of the loan balance to which it relates and is recognized over the remaining life of the loan as an adjustment of yield. Upon notification from the SBA of the amount of the PPP loan to be forgiven the acceleration of recognition of deferred loan fee will occur for the percentage of the loan forgiven.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the business description and accounting policies concepts. Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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