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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended April 1, 2023

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number 001-04714

Skyline Champion Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indiana |  | 35-1038277
(State of Incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
755 West Big Beaver Road, Suite 1000 |  |
Troy, Michigan |  | 48084
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(248) 614-8211

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | SKY |  | New York Stock Exchange

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [X ] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes [ ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filers,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:):

Large accelerated filer [X] | Accelerated filer [ ] | Non-accelerated filer [ ]
Smaller reporting company [ ] | Emerging growth company [ ] |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. [X]

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0277 per share, held by non-affiliates was $2,805,585,115 (c omputed by reference to the closing sales price of the Registrant’s common stock as of October 1, 2022, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter). Solely for purposes of this disclosure, shares of common stock held by executive officers and directors of the Registrant as of such date have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of executive officers and directors as affiliates is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purposes.

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of May 22, 2023: 57,133,344

FORM 10-K

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement used in connection with its 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on July 27, 2023 and which will be filed within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year, are incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
Item 1. | Business | 4
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 12
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 20
Item 2. | Properties | 20
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 21
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 21
PART II
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 22
Item 6. | Reserved | 23
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 34
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 34
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 34
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 34
Item 9B. | Other Information | 35
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection | 35
PART III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance | 36
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 36
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 36
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 37
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 37
PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 38
| (a) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules | 38
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 39

PART I

Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”) that are not historical in nature are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations regarding our future liquidity, earnings, expenditures, and financial condition. These statements are often identified by the words “will,” “could”, “should,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “hope,” or similar expressions. These statements reflect management’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties. There are risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements, including regional, national and international economic, financial, public health and labor conditions, and the following:

•
Supply-related issues, including prices and availability of materials;
•
labor-related issues;
•
inflationary pressures in the North American economy;
•
the cyclicality and seasonality of the housing industry and its sensitivity to changes in general economic or other business conditions;
•
demand fluctuations in the housing industry, including as a result of actual or anticipated increases in homeowner borrowing rates;
•
the possible unavailability of additional capital when needed;
•
competition and competitive pressures;
•
changes in consumer preferences for our products or our failure to gauge those preferences;
•
quality problems, including the quality of parts sourced from suppliers and related liability and reputational issues;
•
data security breaches, cybersecurity attacks, and other information technology disruptions;
•
the potential disruption of operations caused by the conversion to new information systems;
•
the extensive regulation affecting the production and sale of factory-built housing and the effects of possible changes in laws with which we must comply;
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the potential impact of natural disasters on our supply chain, sales and raw material costs;
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the risks associated with mergers and acquisitions, including integration of operations and information systems;
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periodic inventory adjustments by, and changes to relationships with, independent retailers;
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changes in interest and foreign exchange rates;
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insurance coverage and cost issues;
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the possibility that all or part of our intangible assets, including goodwill, might become impaired;
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the possibility that our risk management practices may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks;
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the potential disruption to our business caused by public health issues, such as an epidemic or pandemic, and resulting government actions; and
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other risks described in Part I — Item 1A, "Risk Factors," as well as the risks and information provided from time to time in our other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

If any of the risks or uncertainties referred to above materializes or if any of the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements proves to be incorrect, then differences may arise between our forward-looking statements and our actual results, and such

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differences may be material. Investors should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We assume no obligation to update, amend or clarify them to reflect events, new information or circumstances occurring after the date hereof, except as required by law.

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ITEM 1. B USINESS

General Overview

Skyline Champion Corporation, an Indiana corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to herein as "Skyline Champion," "us," "we," "our," the "Company," and any other similar terms, unless otherwise indicated in this Annual Report.

We are a leading producer of factory-built housing in North America with net sales for the year ended April 1, 2023 (“fiscal 2023”) of approximately $2.6 billion. We have more than 70 years of homebuilding experience, approximately 7,700 employees and 43 manufacturing facilities located in 19 states across the United States and three provinces in western Canada. We offer a leading portfolio of manufactured and modular homes, park model RVs, accessory dwelling units (“ADUs”) and modular buildings for the multi-family and hospitality sectors. Our facilities are strategically located to serve strong regions in the United States and western Canada. We operated 19 manufacturing facilities in the top ten states with the highest number of manufactured homes shipped in fiscal 2023, as well as 18 manufacturing facilities in the ten states with the greatest growth in the number of manufactured homes shipped in the last ten years. We believe that we maintained the following leading positions in the factory-built housing industry in the United States and western Canada (based on units) in calendar year 2022:

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Number two position in the manufactured housing segment in the United States
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Number one modular builder in the United States
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A leading position in western Canada
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A leading position in park model RV sales

We believe our leading positions are driven by our comprehensive product offering, strong brand reputation, broad manufacturing footprint, and our complementary retail, construction services, and logistics businesses. Our market share in the United States total housing market is approximately 2.4%.

We design and build a range of manufactured and modular homes, park model RVs, ADUs, and commercial structures. We believe that the high quality and broad scope of our product and service offerings provide us a competitive advantage relative to other factory-built and certain site-built homes. With our award-winning product designs, we seek to meet the needs of our localized customers, while also providing them with an array of pre-designed options. Our leading brands are marketed and distributed through a network of independent and company-owned retailers, community operators, government agencies, and builder/developers. We build homes under some of the most well-known brand names in the factory-built housing industry including Skyline Homes, Champion Home Builders, Genesis Homes, Athens Park Models, Dutch Housing, Atlantic Homes, Excel Homes, Homes of Merit, New Era, Redman Homes, ScotBilt Homes, Shore Park, Silvercrest, and Titan Homes in the U.S., and Moduline and SRI Homes in western Canada.

In addition to our core home building business, we provide construction services to install and set-up factory-built homes; we operate a factory-direct manufactured home retail business, marketed under the Titan Factory Direct and Champion Homes Center brands, with 31 sales centers spanning the United States; and we operate Star Fleet Trucking, which provides transportation services to the manufactured housing and other industries from several dispatch locations across the United States.

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Our principal executive offices are located at 755 West Big Beaver Road, Suite 1000, Troy, Michigan 48084. Our website is located at www.skylinechampion.com. Our website and the information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference and is not a part of this Annual Report. We make available on our website, as soon as reasonably practicable, all of the reports required to be filed with the SEC. Our SEC filings are also available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Business Strategy

We will continue to pursue opportunities to grow our revenue and earnings by constructing quality-built, sustainable, and innovatively designed homes and other modular structures in an environmentally friendly factory setting. In connection with executing this business strategy, we are focused on the following four initiatives:

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Increasing the operating capacity and profitability of our existing facilities;
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Investing in our customers’ online digital experience;
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Implementing production automation and enterprise-wide digital technology; and
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Continuing a balanced organic and acquisition-based growth strategy.

Increasing the Operating Capacity and Profitability of our Existing Facilities

We are currently focused on a number of ongoing operational initiatives to further enhance our operating margins and increase production capacity including:

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refining our product floor plan designs and options to offer “designed flexibility” to our customers;
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executing on continuous improvement initiatives related to procurement, operational and labor cost saving opportunities; enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of our products through value-adding material substitution; and
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standardizing our manufacturing processes and employing metrics-driven accountability measures across all of our facilities.

Investing in our Customers’ Digital Experience

The Company continues to invest in the design and testing of an enhanced digital customer experience. We are piloting an end-to-end platform where consumers can shop, design, configure, and price their homes online, which we believe will further drive revenue growth for Skyline Champion and our channel partners. We are experiencing tremendous online interest from consumers and believe a digital platform to customize and purchase homes will continue to grow.

Implementing Production Automation and Enterprise-wide Digital Technology

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We are investing in production automation technology to mitigate reliance on direct labor, reduce material waste, and improve the precision of our construction processes.
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In conjunction with our enhanced digital offering for the customer experience, we are moving to an enterprise-wide, cloud based integrated platform. This enhanced technology will offer real-time analytics for improved decision making and will facilitate additional improvements in our manufacturing operations.

Continuing a Balanced Organic and Acquisition-Based Growth Strategy

The Company continues to focus on growing in strong markets through a combination of business acquisitions and plant start-ups. In July 2022, we acquired 12 Factory Expo retail sales centers from Alta Cima Corporation, which expanded our internal retail network across a broader portion of the U.S. In May 2022, we acquired Manis Custom Builders, Inc. ("Manis"), which operated a manufacturing facility and retail sales center in North Carolina, in order to expand our manufacturing footprint and further streamline our product offerings in the southeast region. In February 2021, we acquired ScotBilt Homes, LLC and related companies from SHI Group Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “ScotBilt”). ScotBilt operated two manufacturing facilities in Georgia providing affordable housing throughout Alabama, Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas. The acquisition complemented our existing manufacturing footprint in the attractive mid-south region.

We are also focused on streamlining our U.S. manufacturing production capacity through various plant start-ups. In June 2021, we acquired two idle facilities in Navasota, Texas in order to increase our production capabilities in the Texas market, and began production at one of these facilities in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. In January 2021, we purchased two idled manufacturing facilities in Pembroke, North Carolina, one of the strongest growth states in the U.S., and began production at one of these facilities in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. We are also in the process of opening previously idled facilities in Bartow, Florida and Decatur, Indiana, both of which are expecting to begin production in fiscal 2024.

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We have demonstrated our ability to broaden our manufacturing and retail presence through the successful execution of a balanced organic growth and acquisition-based strategy. As demand for affordable housing grows, we will continue to execute on this growth strategy. We believe our idle manufacturing plants provide us with the ability to grow with demand over the longer term. We also continue to explore opportunities to acquire value-enhancing retail locations, manufacturing facilities, and factory-built housing competitors to supplement our organic growth initiatives. We have a proven track-record of executing and integrating acquisitions.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

We demonstrate our commitment to ESG through company-wide and plant-specific programs and through our everyday business practices when providing high-quality, yet affordable homes to U.S. and Canadian homebuyers. Manufactured and modular homes cost up to 50% less per square foot than conventional site-built homes, expanding the opportunity for individuals to own a home despite an ever-growing housing affordability gap.

The Board of Directors has formal responsibility for the oversight and integration of all of the Company’s sustainability programs and policies, and the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee have lead responsibility for the Company’s strategy, policies and practices with respect to environmental sustainability, social and human capital matters, and governance, respectively. Our five ESG tenets include: (1) Environmental Focus, (2) Health & Safety, (3) Human Capital, (4) Community Outreach, and (5) Governance.

Skyline Champion manages its operations to minimize resource consumption and environmental impacts. We continue to identify opportunities to reduce our environmental impact across our operations by reducing raw material waste, designing and constructing energy efficient homes, conserving our natural resources through recycling programs and reducing our carbon footprint by producing our homes in factories close to where our customers and employees live. Many of our U.S. manufacturing facilities are certified to produce Energy Star® energy efficient rated homes through a special EPA program for manufactured housing. Environmental sustainability is at the forefront of what we do every day.

We construct manufactured homes in controlled environments. Our efficient construction process results in less energy usage and material waste compared to traditional site-built construction. In many of our plants, we have transitioned to LED lighting, and we recycle insulation material, lumber, metals, plastics, paper and many other products. In the course of executing our expansion plans, we have repurposed older buildings, both revitalizing the local community and preserving vacant land. This reduces the need for new building materials and extensive deployment of construction equipment, and thus reduces carbon emissions.

We participate in a reforestation program with Arbor Day Foundation. With forestry products central to the construction of homes, we participate in a program to plant one tree for every tree used in construction of our homes. Reforestation contributes to the environment by replenishing forests, reducing greenhouses gases ("GHG") emissions, and protecting local watersheds.

As a nationwide provider of affordable housing, we have a social responsibility to not only the buyers of our homes, our retail and community customers and our employees, but also to the communities in which they live and work. Many of our manufacturing facilities participate locally to support programs such as Habitat for Humanity and other local charities as well as work-study programs with local community colleges and high schools.

Skyline Champion is committed to ensuring sound corporate governance. We strive to maintain strong governance practices that protect and enhance accountability for the benefit of Skyline Champion, its shareholders, customers, employees and other business stakeholders. We regularly review and refine our governance practices and policies to align with evolving issues. Our internal risk management team oversees compliance with applicable laws and regulations and coordinates with subject matter experts throughout the business to identify, monitor and mitigate risk including information security risk management and cyber defense programs. Skyline Champion’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, the charters of committees of our Board and our Code of Conduct can be found in the Governance Documents section under the Governance tab on our website at www.skylinechampion.com. Additional information on our Corporate Governance policies can be found in our Proxy Statement filed with the SEC.

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Human Capital and Diversity

The Skyline Champion team manages the business in accordance with the Company’s Core Operating Principles:

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Build and develop exceptional teams
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Create a safe work environment
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Build strong relationships
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Take pride in our craftsmanship
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Act with integrity and respect
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Be open and honest
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Run the business like it is your own

We appreciate each member of the Skyline Champion team and the unique skills and diversity of thought that each employee contributes to the overall success of the Company. We strive for an inclusive environment and reward individual contributions that foster innovative ideas for improving our products and workplace. We do not tolerate discrimination or harassment of any kind including but not limited to discrimination or harassment on the basis of gender identity, race, religion, age or disabilities. We are committed to the development of our employees. The Company follows standard onboarding and training protocols for our direct labor team members and also offers management and OSHA training for our supervisors. We are committed to improving employee engagement and reducing turnover through these onboarding, training and mentoring activities. Depending on availability, our plants participate in local outreach programs and hire disadvantaged members of the local community.

We have built a diverse team with a wide range of experiences. As of April 1, 2023, we employed approximately 7,700 full and part time employees. Our human capital resource objectives include identifying, recruiting, training, retaining and incentivizing our employees. We are proud of the strong relationship we maintain with our employees and seek to support them through a competitive compensation package and comprehensive suite of benefits. As of April 1, 2023, our manufacturing facilities in Canada employed approximately 750 workers of which the majority belong to trade associations that operate under collective bargaining agreements. There are five collective bargaining agreements (one for each Canadian manufacturing facility) and each has separate expiration dates. The agreements are set to expire at various dates between November 2023 and December 2025.

We are committed to conducting our business with integrity and in compliance with all applicable laws of the cities, states and countries in which we operate. We have adopted a written Code of Conduct and Ethics and in fiscal 2022 implemented a new company wide training program to assist employees in this regard. We encourage employees to report concerns through a variety of channels, including a compliance and ethics line which allows for anonymous reporting. All reports are investigated and resolved. We also maintain an anti-retaliation policy such that any employee who reports a concern in good faith is protected from harassment, retaliation or adverse employment consequences.

We take the health and safety of our employees seriously. We provide a variety of Company sponsored healthcare programs, including health, dental, and vision, that allow employees to manage their and their family's health and wellbeing. We expect each employee to follow our safety standards and protocols. Our corporate Environmental Health and Safety (“EHS”) team works to benchmark and implement EHS best practices at our plants. Each of our locations performs regular safety audits to ensure that proper safety policies are in place and appropriate safety training is provided. In addition to training and development, we measure and report monthly safety metrics and regularly review our safety performance with our Board of Directors.

Factory-Built Housing

A majority of our manufactured products are constructed in accordance with the regulations and rules of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) and the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, as amended ("HUD code"). We produce a broad range of manufactured and modular homes under a variety of brand names and in a variety of floor plans and price ranges. While most of the homes we build are single-family, multi-section, ranch-style homes, we also build two-story and single-section homes, as well as multi-family units such as town homes, apartments, duplexes, and triplexes. The single-family homes that we manufacture generally range in size from 400 to 4,000 square feet and typically include two to four bedrooms, a living room or family room, a dining room, a kitchen and typically two full bathrooms. We also build park model RVs for resorts and campgrounds, ADUs for backyard or recreational living, and commercial modular structures.

We regularly introduce homes with new floor plans, exterior designs and elevations, decors and features. Our corporate architecture, marketing, and engineering departments work with our manufacturing facilities to design homes that appeal to consumers’ changing tastes at appropriate price points for their respective markets. We design and build homes with a traditional residential or site-built appearance through the use of, among other features, dormers and higher pitched roofs. We offer our Genesis brand of homes which have features similar to site-built home amenities such as porches and garages. These homes are designed to be

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eligible for financing programs with terms similar to traditional mortgages. We are also very active in the design and construction of energy-efficient homes.

The components and products used in factory-built housing are generally of the same quality as those used by other homebuilders, including conventional site-builders. The primary components include lumber, plywood, OSB, drywall, steel, floor coverings, insulation, exterior siding (vinyl, composites, wood and metal), doors, windows, shingles, kitchen appliances, furnaces, plumbing and electrical fixtures and hardware. These components are presently available from a variety of sources and we are not dependent upon any single supplier. Prices of certain materials such as lumber, insulation, steel, and drywall can fluctuate significantly due to changes in demand and supply. We endeavor to mitigate the impact of supply chain challenges through sourcing alternative materials, where appropriate, and exploring alternative supply options. We generally have been able to pass higher material costs on to customers in the form of surcharges and price increases, although that ability fluctuates over time and by market depending on demand trends. Typically, a one to three-week supply of raw materials is maintained, but supply chain volatility has caused our manufacturing operations to increase the amount of frequently used raw materials on hand versus what is typically carried.

Most completed factory-built homes have components consistent with conventional site-builders, such as cabinets, wall and floor coverings, appliances, and electrical, heating and plumbing systems. Optional factory installed features include fireplaces, dormers, entertainment centers and skylights. Upon completion of the home at the factory, homes sold to retailers are transported to a retail sales center or directly to the home site. Homes sold to builders and developers are generally transported directly to the home site. At the home site, the home is placed on a foundation or otherwise affixed to the property and readied for occupancy, either by our employee set crews or third-party contractors. The sections (also referred to as floors) of a multi-section home are joined and the interior and exterior seams are finished at the home site. The consumer purchase of the home may also include retailer or contractor supplied items such as additional appliances, air conditioning, furniture, porches, decks, and garages.

We construct homes in indoor facilities using an assembly-line process employing approximately 100 to 200 production employees at each facility. Factory-built HUD code homes are constructed in one or more sections affixed to a steel support frame that allows the sections to be moved through the assembly line and transported upon sale. The sections of many of the modular homes we produce are built on wooden floor systems and transported on carriers that are removed upon placement of the home at the home site. Each section or floor is assembled in stages, beginning with the construction of the frame and the floor, then adding the walls, ceiling and roof assembly, and other constructed and purchased components, and ending with a final quality control inspection. The efficiency of the assembly-line process, protection from the weather, and favorable pricing of materials resulting from our substantial purchasing power enables us to produce homes more quickly, with less material waste and often at a lower cost than a conventional site-built home of similar quality.

The production schedules of our homebuilding facilities are based upon customer orders. Orders are generally subject to cancellation at any time up to the commencement of production without penalty and are not necessarily an indication of future business. Retailers place orders for retail stocking (inventory) purposes and for homebuyer orders. Before scheduling homes for production, orders and availability of financing are confirmed with our customer and, where applicable, their customer's lender. Because we produce homes to fulfill wholesale orders, our factories generally do not carry finished goods inventories, except for homes awaiting delivery. We manage our production levels, capacity and workforce size based upon current market demands. Historically, orders were generally filled within 90 days of receipt; however, delivery times were extended in the previous two years due to the increase in our sales backlog caused by strong demand for affordable housing. In fiscal 2023, our order volume decreased and material supply improved. As a result, we were able to make significant progress to reduce delivery times back to historic levels. At April 1, 2023, we had a manufacturing backlog of home orders with wholesale sales value of approximately $308.1 million. After production of a particular home has commenced, the order becomes noncancelable and the customer is obligated to take delivery of the home.

Although factory-built homes can be produced throughout the year in indoor facilities, demand for homes is usually affected by inclement weather and by the cold winter months in northern areas of the U.S. and in Canada. Charges to transport homes increase with the distance from the factory to the retailer or home site. As a result, most of the retailers and builders/developers we sell to are located within a 500-mile radius of our manufacturing plants. In addition to our traditional channels of distribution, we are one of a limited number of manufactured homebuilders that have been approved for contracts with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) and have historically provided housing assistance requirements following natural disasters and other housing emergencies. On February 7, 2022, we received a Delivery Disaster Relief Order from FEMA for approximately $200 million in revenue which was completed in the first half of fiscal 2023.

We offer a wide selection of manufactured and modular homes as well as park model RVs at company-owned retail locations marketed under the Titan Factory Direct and Champion Homes Center brands. We maintain our company-owned retail presence through 31 retail sales centers across the U.S. Our captive retail distribution enhances the reach of our factory-built housing products directly to the homebuyers.

Each of our full-service retail sales centers has a sales office and a variety of model homes of various sizes, floor plans, features, and prices that are displayed in a residential setting with sidewalks and landscaping. Customers may purchase a home from an inventory of homes maintained at the location, including a model home, or may order a home that will be built to their specifications.

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Our retail organization provides industry leadership with the expertise to be responsive to local economic conditions and ultimately provide affordable homes to value-conscious homebuyers.

During fiscal 2023, the average selling price of our factory-built homes in the U.S. was $97,500 and in Canada was $122,900. Manufactured home wholesale prices ranged from $20,000 to over $350,000. Retail sales prices of the homes, without land, generally ranged from $50,000 to over $350,000, depending upon size, floor plan, features, and options.

Logistics

We operate a logistics business, Star Fleet Trucking, specializing in the transportation of manufactured homes and recreational vehicles from manufacturing facilities to retailers. Star Fleet’s delivery logistics are coordinated through dispatch terminals located throughout the U.S. Star Fleet has strong relationships with its customer base, which includes some of the largest manufactured housing companies (including our own factory-built housing operations), and recreational vehicle manufacturers in the U.S.

Market Overview

General. Since July 2020, U.S. and Canadian housing demand has been robust. The limited availability of existing homes for sale and the broader need for newly built affordable, single-family housing has continued to drive demand for new homes in these markets. In the second half of fiscal 2023 the demand environment slowed in response to a higher inflationary environment and rising interest rates. As a result, incoming orders from our manufacturing customers in fiscal 2023 decreased compared to the prior fiscal year. In addition, our independent retail customers cancelled stock-model orders in response to the increase in floor plan carrying costs and the desire to optimize their model home inventory based on rising interest rates.

In inflationary and higher interest rate environments, factory-built housing provides an affordable alternative to other types of housing such as site-built housing and condominiums, and to existing housing such as pre-owned homes and apartments. According to statistics published by the Institute for Building Technology and Safety ("IBTS") and the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, for the 2022 calendar year, manufactured housing wholesale shipments of homes constructed in accordance with the HUD code accounted for an estimated 11% of all new single-family homes starts.

According to data reported by the Manufactured Housing Institute (“MHI”), industry manufactured home shipments were 104,374, 108,964, and 95,588 units during fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Annual shipments have generally increased each year since calendar year 2009 when only 50,000 HUD-coded manufactured homes were shipped, the lowest level since the industry began recording statistics in 1959. While shipments of HUD-coded manufactured homes have improved modestly in recent years, manufactured housing’s most recent annual shipment levels still operate at lower levels than the long-term historical average of over 200,000 units annually. The market for factory-built housing is affected by a number of factors, including the availability, cost and credit underwriting standards of consumer financing, consumer confidence, employment levels, general housing market, interest rates and other economic conditions and the overall affordability of factory-built housing versus other forms of housing. In the past, a number of factors have restricted demand for factory-built housing, including, in some cases, less-favorable financing terms compared to site-built housing, the effects of restrictive zoning on the availability of certain locations for home placement and, in some cases, an unfavorable public image. Certain of these adverse factors have lessened considerably in recent years with the improved quality and appearance of factory-built housing.

Home Buyer Demographics. We believe the segment of the housing market in which manufactured housing is most competitive includes consumers with household incomes under $60,000. This segment has a high representation of young single persons and married couples, first time home buyers, and homebuyers age 55 and older. The comparatively low cost of manufactured homes is attractive to these consumers. People in rural areas, where fewer housing alternatives exist, and those who presently live in factory-built homes, also make up a significant portion of the demand for new factory-built housing. We believe higher-priced, multi-section manufactured and modular homes are attractive to households with higher incomes as an alternative to rental housing and condominiums and are well suited to meet the needs of the retiree buyer in many markets.

The two largest manufactured housing consumer demographics are Millennials (generally defined as those born between 1981 – 1996) and Baby Boomers (generally defined as those born between 1946 – 1964). Millennials are generally first-time home buyers who may be attracted by the affordability and diversity of style choices of factory-built homes. Baby Boomers are similarly interested in the value proposition; however, they are also motivated by the energy efficiency and low maintenance requirements of factory-built homes, and by the lifestyle offered by planned communities that are specifically designed for homeowners that fall into this age group. More recently, we have seen a number of market trends pointing to increased sales of ADUs and urban-to-rural migration as customers accommodate working from home patterns as well as people seeking rent-to-own single-family options.

Financing

Commercial Financing. Independent retailers of factory-built homes generally finance their inventory purchases from manufacturers with floor plan financing provided by third-party lending institutions and secured by a lien on the homes. The availability and cost of floor plan financing can affect the amount of retailer new home inventory, the number of retail sales centers

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and related wholesale demand. Under a typical floor plan financing arrangement, an independent financial institution specializing in this line of business provides the retailer with a loan for the purchase price of the home and maintains a security interest in the home as collateral. The financial institution customarily requires us, as the manufacturer of the home, to enter into a separate repurchase agreement with the financial institution that, upon default by the retailer and under certain other circumstances, obligates us to repurchase the financed home at declining prices over the term of the repurchase agreement (which, in most cases, is 24 months but under certain circumstances can be until the home is sold by the retailer). The price at which we may be obligated to repurchase a home under these agreements is based upon the amount financed, plus certain administrative and shipping expenses. Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of our contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $386.6 million as of April 1, 2023. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over many retailers and is further reduced by the resale value of the homes. During fiscal 2023, approximately 34% of our sales to independent retailers were financed under floor plan agreements with national lenders, while the remaining 66% were financed under various arrangements with local or regional banks or paid in cash. We generally receive payment from the lending institution 5 to 10 days after a home is sold and invoiced.

Consumer Financing. Sales of factory-built homes are significantly affected by the availability, credit underwriting standards, and cost of consumer financing. There are three basic types of consumer financing in the factory-built housing industry: 1) conforming mortgage loans which comply with the requirements of the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Agriculture or Government-Sponsored Enterprise (“GSE”) loans which include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loans; 2) non-conforming mortgage loans for purchasers of the home and the land on which the home is placed; and 3) personal property loans (often referred to as home-only or chattel loans) for consumers where the home is the sole collateral for the loan (generally HUD-coded homes).

Industry trade associations are working towards favorable legislative and GSE action to address the mortgage financing needs of potential buyers of affordable homes, and some progress has been achieved. Many moderate-income families cannot afford to buy a home due to the increasing costs of newly constructed homes, rising interest rates, and decreasing supply of existing, affordable homes. Federal law required the GSEs to issue a regulation to implement the Duty to Serve (“DTS”) requirements specified in the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac released their final Underserved Markets Plan for 2022 – 2024 that describes, with specificity, the actions they will take over that three-year period to fulfill the DTS obligation. These plans became effective on January 1, 2022. The GSEs' Underserved Markets Plan's current areas of focus are as follows: 1) purchase more loans used to finance manufactured homes titled as real property; 2) enhance current products and create new offerings; and 3) enhance tenant protections in manufactured housing communities. In 2020, the GSEs rolled out financing programs specifically for homes built to the HUD code, which include CHOICEHome® from Freddie Mac and MH Advantage® from Fannie Mae. HUD-coded homes manufactured for these programs have features comparable to site-built homes, including, drywall throughout, higher-pitch roof line, energy-efficient features, lower profile foundation, plus additional options such as a garage or carport. These products aim to promote quality manufactured homes as an acceptable alternative to site-built homes and will allow moderate-income families to purchase a manufactured home with lending terms similar to those for site-built homes. Our Genesis brand of homes is built to these specifications. We continue to work with builder/developers to cultivate strategies to bring these products to the marketplace.

The DTS plans also explored the potential for the GSEs to provide liquidity to the chattel lending market. The GSEs could potentially serve as additional sources of funding as there is unmet demand in the chattel loan industry, and GSE involvement could increase volume substantially. Freddie Mac has indicated that it plans to develop requirements and a process to support loan purchases of manufactured homes titled as real property. The Fannie Mae DTS plan includes a provision indicating that it is exploring a pilot to establish a secondary market for chattel or home-only loans and an objective to explore ways to manage risks in the market. The Fannie Mae DTS plan also includes an objective to explore opportunities to facilitate financing of loans secured by manufactured homes titled as real property in certain manufactured housing communities. Expansion of the secondary market for home-only lending through the GSEs could provide further demand for housing, as lending options would likely become more available to homebuyers. Separate from the GSE involvement in chattel markets, there have been several secondary market chattel private placement offerings over the last three years. Although some limited progress has been made in this area, a meaningful positive impact in the form of increased home orders has yet to be realized.

Competition

The housing industry is highly competitive based upon several factors, including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, depth of distribution or location, and financing. Capital requirements for entry into the industry are relatively low.

Factory-built housing is also very competitive. According to MHI, in March 2023, there were 35 producers of manufactured homes in the U.S. operating an estimated 146 production facilities. For calendar 2022, the top three companies had a combined market share for HUD code homes of approximately 80%. We estimate that there were approximately 3,750 industry retail locations throughout the U.S. during calendar 2022.

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Based on industry data reported by IBTS, in fiscal 2023 our U.S. wholesale market share of HUD code homes sold was 20.4%, compared to 19.3% in fiscal 2022. We compete with the other producers of manufactured homes, as well as companies selling homes repossessed from wholesalers or consumers. In addition, manufactured homes compete with new and existing site-built homes, as well as apartments, townhouses, and condominiums. Collectively, manufactured housing represents approximately 11% of annual U.S. single family home starts.

There are a number of other national and regional manufacturers competing for a significant share of the manufactured housing market in the U.S. Certain of these competitors may possess greater financial, manufacturing, distribution, and marketing resources.

Government Regulation

Our manufactured homes are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws, codes and regulations. The majority of our homes are built to comply with the HUD code which includes regulations that cover all aspects of manufactured home construction and installation, including structural integrity, fire safety, wind loads, thermal protection and ventilation. To the extent state and local regulations conflict with the HUD code, they are pre-empted. Our modular homes and commercial structures are built to comply with applicable state and local building codes. Our park model RVs are built in conformity with the applicable standards approved by the American National Standards Institute, a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates voluntary standards and conformity programs.

A variety of laws affect the financing of the homes we manufacture. The Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder require written disclosure of information relating to such financing, including the amount of the annual percentage interest rate and the finance charge. A variety of state laws also regulate the form of financing documents and the allowable deposits, finance charge and fees charged. Federal laws permit manufactured housing retailers to assist home buyers with securing financing for the purchase of homes; however, they are prohibited from negotiating the financing terms.

Governmental authorities enforcing these numerous laws and regulations can impose fines and/or seek injunctive relief for violations. We believe that our operations are in compliance with the requirements of the applicable laws and regulations.

Seasonality

The housing industry is subject to seasonal fluctuations based on home buyer purchasing patterns. We typically experience decreased home buyer traffic during holidays and popular vacation periods. Demand for our core single-family new home products typically peaks each spring and summer before declining in the winter, consistent with the overall housing industry.

Available Information

Our website address is www.skylinechampion.com and we make available, free of charge, on or through our website all of our periodic reports, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with the SEC.

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ITEM 1A. RI SK FACTORS

Our business involves a number of risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with the information provided elsewhere in this Annual Report. The items described below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks that are currently unknown to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial may also impair our business or adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Market, Industry and Supply Chain Risks

Raw material shortages and price increases could delay or increase the cost of construction of our products which could materially and adversely impact our results of operations and our cash flows.

Certain materials used in the construction of homes such as lumber, insulation, steel, drywall, oil-based products and fuel, among others, can become scarce during periods of high demand for new home construction as well as renovation and remodeling of existing homes. We depend on timely and sufficient delivery of raw materials from our suppliers. In addition, a few key components of our products are produced by a small group of quality suppliers that have the capacity to supply large quantities. Disruption to the supply chain of these key components could have an adverse impact on our production output. Raw material shortages from these and other suppliers can be more severe during periods following natural disasters or broader economic disruptions.

Pricing for raw materials can also be affected by the factors mentioned above as well as national, regional, local, economic and political factors, including tariffs and periods of high inflation. As a result, we may continue to see raw material cost pressures in future periods. We may attempt to pass the higher material costs on to customers, but it is not certain that we will be able to achieve this without adversely affecting demand. Raw material shortages and price increases could cause delays in and increases to our costs of construction which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The factory-built housing industry is cyclical, is affected by seasonality and is sensitive to changes in general economic or other business conditions.

The factory-built housing industry is affected by seasonality. Sales during the period from March to November are typically higher than in other months. As a result, our sales and operating results sometimes fluctuate and may continue to fluctuate in the future.

The factory-built housing industry is also sensitive to changes in economic conditions and other factors, such as pandemics, employment rates, job growth, population growth, consumer confidence, consumer income, availability of financing, interest rate levels, and an oversupply of homes for sale. Changes in any of these conditions generally, or in the markets where we operate, could reduce demand and constrain pricing for new factory-built homes in these areas or result in customer cancellations of pending shipments. Reductions in the number of homes shipped by us, or constraints on the prices we can charge, could result in a decrease in our net sales and earnings, which could adversely affect our financial condition.

We are subject to demand fluctuations in the housing industry. Changes in demand could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Demand for our homes is subject to fluctuations in the housing market generally. In a housing market downturn, our sales and results of operations could be adversely affected; there might be significant inventory impairments and other write-offs; our gross margins could decline significantly from historical levels; and we might incur losses from operations. We cannot predict the future demand for housing. If it were to decline significantly, our financial condition could be adversely affected.

Rapid or significantly increasing demand can also adversely affect our business. Longer periods of time between order acceptance and production introduce a risk that we may not be able to construct homes profitably if material and labor costs increase. Although we have generally been able to pass along price increases to our customers in periods of rising costs, we may not be able to in the future, or the price increases may cause consumers to explore other housing alternatives and/or exit the home buying process, negatively impacting demand for our homes.

Factory-built housing operates in the highly competitive housing industry, and, if other homebuilders are more successful or offer better value to our customers, then our business could decline.

We operate in a very competitive environment and face competition from a number of other homebuilders in each market in which we operate. We compete with large national and regional home building companies and with smaller local homebuilders for financing, raw materials, and skilled management and labor resources. Some of our manufacturing competitors have captive retail distribution systems and consumer finance and insurance operations. In addition, there are independent factory-built housing retail locations that sell competitors’ products in most areas where our homes are sold and in most areas where we have Company-owned retail operations. Because barriers to entry to the industry at both the manufacturing and retail levels are low, we believe that it is

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relatively easy for new competitors to enter our markets. In addition, our products compete within the housing industry more broadly with other forms of low to moderate-cost housing, including site-built homes, panelized homes, apartments, townhouses, condominiums, and repossessed homes. We also compete with resale homes, also referred to as “previously owned” or “existing” homes, as well as rental housing.

An oversupply of homes available for sale or the heavy discounting of home prices by our competitors could adversely affect demand for our homes and the results of our operations. An increase in competitive conditions could have any of the following impacts on us: sale of fewer homes or higher cancellations by our homebuyers; an increase in selling incentives or reduction of prices; and realization of lower gross margins due to lower selling prices or an inability to increase selling prices to offset increased costs of the homes delivered. If we are unable to compete effectively in our markets, then our business could decline disproportionately to that of our competitors. As a result, our sales could decline and our results of operations and cash flows could suffer.

Changes in consumer preferences for our products or our failure to gauge those preferences could lead to reduced sales.

We cannot be certain that historical consumer preferences for factory-built homes in general, and for our products in particular, will remain unchanged. Our ability to remain competitive depends heavily on our ability to provide a continuing and timely introduction of innovative product offerings. We believe that the introduction of new features, designs, and models will be critical to the future success of our operations. Managing frequent product introductions poses inherent risks. Delays in the introduction or market acceptance of new models, designs, or product features could have a material adverse effect on our business. Products may not be accepted for a number of reasons, including changes in consumer preferences or our failure to properly gauge consumer preferences. Further, we cannot be certain that new product introductions will not reduce net sales from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, our net sales may be adversely affected if our new models and products are not introduced to the market on time or are not successful when introduced. Finally, our competitors’ products may obtain better market acceptance despite our efforts to lead the market.

Increases in tax rates or fees on developers by local government authorities could deter potential customers from buying our products and adversely affect our business or results of operations.

Increases in property tax rates or fees on developers by local governmental authorities, as experienced in response to reduced federal and state funding or to fund local initiatives, such as funding schools or road improvements, or increases in home insurance premiums, can adversely affect the ability of potential customers to obtain financing or their desire to purchase new homes, and in turn can have adverse impacts on our business and results of operations. Any changes to individual tax rules concerning the deductibility of mortgage interest expenses and real estate taxes could deter customers from home ownership.

Natural disasters and severe weather conditions could delay deliveries, increase costs, and decrease demand for new factory-built homes in affected areas.

Our operations are located in many areas that are subject to natural disasters and severe weather. The occurrence of natural disasters or severe weather conditions can delay factory-built home deliveries, increase costs by damaging inventories, reduce the availability of materials, and negatively impact the demand for new factory-built homes in affected areas. Furthermore, if our insurance does not fully cover business interruptions or losses resulting from these events, then our earnings, liquidity, or capital resources could be adversely affected.

Increased attention to environmental, social and governance matters may impact our business, financial results or stock price.

Increased attention continues to be directed to publicly traded companies and their activities related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, including proposed rules by the SEC regarding climate-related disclosures. Advocacy groups have campaigned for action to promote change at public companies related to ESG matters. These activities include increasing action related to climate change and the use of energy efficient building products. A failure, or perceived failure, to respond to investor or customer expectations related to ESG concerns could cause harm to our business and reputation. In addition, organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and other matters have developed ratings systems for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG. Unfavorable ESG ratings may lead to negative investor sentiment which could have a negative impact on our stock price.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected by public health issues, such as an epidemic or pandemic, and resulting governmental actions.

An epidemic, pandemic or other public health issue, or fear of such an event, and the actions taken by governmental authorities to address it, could significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business and, along with any associated economic factors, have a material adverse effect on our business. The United States and Canada have experienced, and may experience in the future, outbreaks of contagious diseases that affect public health and have necessitated government intervention. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures undertaken by governmental authorities to address it, initially disrupted or prevented us from operating parts of our

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business in the ordinary course. The extent to which public health issues impact our results will depend on future developments, which cannot be predicted. If an epidemic, pandemic or similar public health issue has a significant adverse effect on the U.S. or Canadian economies, our business, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Regulatory Risks

Environmental laws and regulations relating to climate change and energy efficiency can have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

Federal, state, and local government regulations proposed or enacted in response to climate change could result in raw material and other cost increases as well as impact the availability of raw materials necessary to manufacture our products. In 2021, the U.S. Department of Energy proposed regulations to enact new energy efficiency building specifications for manufactured homes. If adopted, these proposed regulations would result in changes to the HUD-code requiring more robust energy efficiency specifications and require the use of energy-saving construction material in our products. New building code requirements that impose stricter energy efficiency standards could significantly increase our costs. Compliance with these new standards may also cause an increase in our costs, including investments in testing equipment and the use of human capital resources. As climate change and energy efficiency remains a global focus, energy-related initiatives will impact many companies including our raw material suppliers. The initiatives undertaken by our suppliers could adversely impact our results of operations to the extent our suppliers raise their prices to cover energy and climate related initiatives. Increases in costs may make our products less affordable and as a result, negatively impact demand for those products.

If the factory-built housing industry is not able to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our sales could decline and our results of operations and cash flows could suffer.

Limitations on the number of sites available for placement of factory-built homes or on the operation of factory-built housing communities could reduce the demand for factory-built homes and, as a result, our sales. Factory-built housing communities and individual home placements are subject to local zoning ordinances and other local regulations relating to utility service and construction of roadways. In the past, some property owners have resisted the adoption of zoning ordinances permitting the use of factory-built homes in residential areas, which we believe has restricted the growth of the industry. Factory-built homes may not receive widespread acceptance and localities may not adopt zoning ordinances permitting the development of factory-built home communities. If the factory-built housing industry is unable to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, then our sales could decline and our results of operations and cash flows could suffer.

We are subject to extensive regulation affecting the production and sale of factory-built housing, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, and local laws and regulations affecting the production and sale of factory-built housing. Our failure to comply with such laws and regulations could expose us to a wide variety of sanctions, including closing one or more manufacturing facilities. Regulatory matters affecting our operations are under regular review by governmental bodies and we cannot predict what effect, if any, new laws and regulations would have on us or on the factory-built housing industry. Failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or the passage in the future of new and more stringent laws, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The transportation industry is subject to government regulation, and regulatory changes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our Star Fleet Trucking subsidiary provides transportation services. The transportation industry is subject to legislative or regulatory changes, including potential limits on carbon emissions under climate change legislation and Department of Transportation regulations regarding, among other things, driver breaks, classification of independent drivers, “restart” rules, and the use of electronic logging devices that can affect the economics of the industry by requiring changes in operating practices or influencing the demand for, and cost of providing, transportation services. We may become subject to new or more restrictive regulations relating to fuel emissions or limits on vehicle weight and size. Future laws and regulations may be more stringent and require changes in operating practices, influence the demand for transportation services or increase the cost of providing transportation services, any of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Operational Risks

Our results of operations can be adversely affected by labor shortages, turnover and labor cost inflation.

The homebuilding industry has from time-to-time experienced labor shortages and other labor-related issues. These labor shortages can be more severe during periods of strong demand for housing, during periods following natural disasters or as a result of broader economic disruptions. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us and our subcontractors in one

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or more of our markets, including high employment levels, federal unemployment subsidies, changing work preferences of the labor force, and other government regulations, which include laws and regulations related to workers’ health and safety, wage and hour practices and immigration. These factors can also increase the cost of labor. We have historically experienced high turnover rates among our direct labor employees, which can lead to increased spending on training and retention and, as a result, increased costs of production. An overall labor shortage or lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor inflation could cause significant increases in costs or delays in construction and delivery of homes, which could have a material adverse effect on our net sales and results of operations.

Increased costs of transportation may adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

We rely on qualified drivers to deliver homes from our manufacturing facilities to retail centers and customer home sites. A lack of qualified drivers to deliver manufactured homes could result in an increase in our cost of goods sold and operating expenses. Additionally, delays in the shipment of completed homes due to lack of qualified drivers could impact our ability to meet customer demand on a timely basis.

Customer cancellations could have a negative impact on our revenue and margins.

Our backlog represents home orders from customers that will be produced in future periods. Orders in the backlog may be cancelled by customers at any time without penalty. Orders in the backlog may be impacted by rising interest rates as retailers utilize floor plan financing arrangements to purchase stock inventory. Orders in backlog may also be impacted by inflation since customers obtain financing approval prior to ordering a home. Significant increases in prices may prevent customers from being able to qualify for financing at the time the home is ready to be produced causing the customer to cancel their order in our backlog which would negatively impact our revenue and margins.

Complications with the implementation of our new enterprise-wide information system could adversely impact our business and operations.

We rely on information systems and technology to manage our business and summarize and report our operating results. In fiscal 2022, we began a multi-year replacement of our current information systems with a suite of cloud-based functionality. With the new system, we expect to improve decision-making capabilities through real-time data and analytics, simplify and standardize business processes, reduce manual effort, improve value-added activities, and improve transparency and accountability all while enhancing the customer experience making our company easier to do business with. The system selection and implementation process has required, and will continue to require, a significant investment of personnel and financial resources. We may not be able to successfully implement the new system without experiencing delays, increased costs, interruption to operations, or other difficulties. If we are unable to successfully implement the system as planned, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted. We have capitalized significant costs related to the development of the new system. A write-off of all or part of our capitalized costs could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, if we do not effectively implement the system as planned or it does not operate as intended, the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting could be adversely affected or our ability to assess those controls adequately could be delayed.

If we are unable to establish or maintain relationships with independent distributors that sell our homes, our sales could decline and our results of operations and cash flows could suffer.

Although we maintain our own factory direct retail business in select markets, we conduct a majority of our business through independent distributors. Over 90% of our shipments of homes in fiscal 2023 were made to independent distributors throughout the U.S. and western Canada. We may not be able to establish relationships with new independent distributors or maintain good relationships with independent distributors that sell our homes. Even if we establish and maintain relationships with independent distributors, these customers are not obligated to sell our homes exclusively and may choose to sell competitors’ homes instead. The independent distributors with whom we have relationships can cancel these relationships on short notice. In addition, these customers may not remain financially solvent, as they are subject to industry, economic, demographic, and seasonal trends similar to those faced by us. If we do not establish and maintain relationships with solvent independent distributors in the markets we serve, sales in those markets, if we cannot offset by sales through an expanded factory-direct retail business, could decline and our results of operations and cash flows could suffer.

When we introduce new products into the marketplace, we may incur expenses that we did not anticipate, which, in turn, can result in reduced earnings.

The introduction of new models, floor plans, and features are critical to our future success, but we may incur unexpected expenses when we make such introductions. For example, we may experience unexpected engineering or design flaws that may cause increased warranty costs. The costs resulting from these types of problems could be substantial and could have a significant adverse effect on our earnings. Estimated warranty costs are accrued at the time of product sale to reflect our best estimate of the amounts

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necessary to settle existing and future claims on products. An increase in actual warranty claims costs as compared to our estimates could result in increased warranty reserves and expense, which could have adverse impacts on our earnings.

Product liability claims and litigation and warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of business may be costly, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

As a homebuilder, we are subject to construction defect and home warranty claims arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims are common in the homebuilding industry and can be costly. In addition, the costs of insuring against construction defect and product liability claims are high. There can be no assurance that this coverage will not be restricted and become more costly. If the limits or coverages of our current and former insurance programs prove inadequate, or we are unable to obtain adequate or reasonably priced insurance against these types of claims in the future, or the amounts currently provided for future warranty or insurance claims are inadequate, then we may experience losses that could negatively impact our results of operations.

We record expenses and liabilities based on the estimated costs required to cover our self-insured liability under our insurance policies, and estimated costs of potential claims and claim adjustment expenses that are above our coverage limits or that are not covered by our insurance policies. These estimated costs are based on an analysis of our historical claims and industry data and include an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported. Due to the degree of judgment required and the potential for variability in the underlying assumptions when deriving estimated liabilities, our actual future costs could differ from those estimated, and the difference could be material to our results of operations.

Our products and services may experience quality problems from time to time that can result in decreased sales and gross margin and can harm our reputation.

Our products contain thousands of parts, many of which are supplied by a network of approved vendors. Product defects may occur, including components purchased from material vendors. There is no assurance that all such defects will be detected prior to the distribution of our products. In addition, although we endeavor to compel suppliers to maintain appropriate levels of insurance coverage, there is no assurance that if a defect in a vendor-supplied part were to occur that the vendor would have the financial ability to rectify the defect. Failure to detect defects in our products, including vendor-supplied parts, could result in lost revenue, increased warranty and related costs, and could harm our reputation.

We may not be able to manage our business effectively if we cannot retain current management team members or if we are unable to attract and motivate key personnel.

Our success depends upon the skills, experience, and active participation of our senior management and key employees, many of whom have been with us for a significant number of years. Changes in our senior management team or other key employees may result in operational disruptions and changes to the strategy of our business, and our business might be harmed as a result. Our business could be further disrupted and harmed if we were unable to find appropriate replacements on a timely basis following future departures.

We may not be able to attract or motivate qualified management and operations personnel in the future. Inability to do so would result in constraints that would significantly impede the achievement of our objectives. We may also have difficulty attracting experienced personnel and may be required to expend significant financial resources in our employee recruitment efforts.

Data security breaches, cybersecurity attacks, and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, use, and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our suppliers and business partners, as well as personally identifiable information of our customers and employees. We also have outsourced elements of our information technology structure and, as a result, we are managing independent vendor relationships with third parties who may or could have access to our confidential information. Similarly, our business partners and other third-party providers possess certain of our sensitive data. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Our ability to conduct our business may be negatively impacted if our or our service providers’ computer resources or connectivity are compromised, degraded, damaged, or if they fail.

Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions, particularly with employees and others on data networks working increasingly from home. We, our partners, vendors, and other third-party providers could be susceptible to third-party attacks on our and their information security systems, which attacks are of ever-increasing levels of sophistication and are made by groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise, including criminal groups. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure, or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, disrupt our operations, and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

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Engaging in mergers, acquisitions, and start-up operations involves risks that could adversely affect our business.

As part of our growth strategy, we may choose to engage in discussions and negotiations regarding mergers, acquisitions, start-ups, and other business combinations. The purchase price for possible acquisitions of businesses and assets might be paid from cash, borrowings, or through the issuance of common stock or other securities, or a combination of these methods. Business combinations and start-up operations entail numerous risks, including:

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difficulties in the integration of acquired operations and products, which can impact the retention of customer accounts;
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failure to achieve expected synergies, implement appropriate internal controls or integrate information systems;
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diversion of management's attention from other business concerns;
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assumption of unknown material liabilities of acquired companies, which could become material or subject us to litigation or regulatory risks;
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amortization of acquired intangible assets, which could reduce future reported earnings;
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potential loss of customers or key employees; and
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not adequately anticipating customer demands in new markets.

We cannot be certain that we will be able to identify, consummate and successfully integrate business combinations, and no assurance can be given with respect to the timing, likelihood or business effect of any possible transaction. For example, we could begin negotiations that we subsequently decide to suspend or terminate for a variety of reasons. Also, business combinations are typically subject to closing conditions, including regulatory approvals and the absence of a material adverse change. Therefore, if and when we enter into a business combination agreement, there can be no guarantee that the transaction will close when expected, or at all. If a material transaction does not close, then our stock price could decline.

Nevertheless, opportunities arise from time to time that we choose to evaluate. Any transactions that we pursue and consummate would involve these risks and uncertainties, as well as others. The risks of a business combination or startup of a greenfield or idled facility could result in the failure of the anticipated benefits of that particular transaction to be realized, which in turn could have adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our risk management practices may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk.

Our management team is responsible for managing risk, subject to oversight by our Board of Directors. Our risk management methods may not identify all future risk exposures and may not be completely effective in mitigating all key risks. Furthermore, our risk management methods may not properly identify and mitigate the aggregation of risks across the Company or the interdependency of our risk mitigation efforts. In addition, some of our risk management methods may be based on assumptions that will prove to be inaccurate. Failure to manage risk effectively could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Financial Risks

Further increases in interest rates, more stringent credit standards, tightening of financing terms, or other increases in the effective costs of owning a factory-built home (including those related to regulation or other government actions) have limited and could continue to limit the purchasing power of our potential customers and could continue to adversely affect our business and financial results.

A large portion of the people who buy our homes finance their home purchases through third-party lenders. Increases in interest rates or decreases in the availability of consumer financing have affected and could continue to adversely affect the market for homes. Interest rates were near historical lows for several years, which made purchasing new factory-built homes more affordable. However, since early 2022, the U.S. Federal Open Market Committee has continuously raised the target rate for the federal funds rate and could effectuate additional increases in that rate in response to inflation. Potential manufactured housing customers have been and may continue to be less willing or able to pay the increased monthly costs that result from higher loan rates. In addition, recent increases in the prices of homes resulting from inflation, combined with higher loan rates, have limited and may continue to limit consumers’ ability to obtain financing to purchase a home. In addition, lenders may increase the qualifications needed for financing or adjust their terms to address any increased credit risk. These factors could continue to adversely affect the sales or pricing of our factory-built homes. These developments have historically had, and may once again have, an adverse effect on the overall demand for factory-built housing and its competitiveness with other forms of housing and could continue to adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The liquidity provided by the GSEs and the FHA is also critical in insuring or purchasing home mortgages and creating or insuring investment securities that are either sold to investors or held in their portfolios. Any limitations or restrictions on the availability of financing by these agencies could adversely affect interest rates, financing, and our sales of new homes.

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Inflation has and could continue to adversely affect our business and financial results.

Inflation adversely affects us by increasing costs of raw materials, labor and transportation. The U.S. economy has been experiencing a period of higher inflation, stemming from efforts by the U.S. government to stimulate the economy, combat the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors. The increased rate of inflation has also lead to higher interest rates, which has had and continue to have a negative impact on the housing industry, as well as increases in our borrowing rates. While we have historically been able to pass along price increases to our customers, in a persistently inflationary environment, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently in order to maintain our margins.

The availability of wholesale financing for retailers is limited due to a limited number of floor plan lenders and reduced lending limits.

Factory-built housing retailers generally finance their inventory purchases with wholesale floor plan financing provided by lending institutions. The availability of wholesale financing is significantly affected by the number of floor plan lenders and their lending limits. Limited availability of floor plan lending negatively affects the inventory levels of our independent retailers, the number of retail sales center locations and related wholesale demand, and adversely affects the availability of and access to capital on an ongoing basis. As a result, if the availability of wholesale financing is reduced, we could experience sales declines or a higher level of customer defaults and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.

We have contingent repurchase obligations related to wholesale financing provided to industry retailers.

As is customary in the factory-built housing industry, a significant portion of our manufacturing sales to independent retailers are financed under floor plan agreements with financing companies. In connection with those floor plan financing programs, we generally have separate agreements with the financing companies that require us to repurchase homes upon default by the retailer and repossession of the homes by the financing companies. These repurchase agreements are applicable for various periods of time, generally up to 24 months after the sale of the home to the retailer. However, certain homes are subject to repurchase until the home is sold by the retailer. Our contingent repurchase obligation as of April 1, 2023, was estimated to be approximately $386.6 million, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. We may be required to honor contingent repurchase obligations in the future and may incur additional expense and reduced cash flows because of these repurchase agreements.

Industry conditions and future operating results could limit our sources of capital. If we are unable to locate suitable sources of capital when needed, we may be unable to maintain or expand our business.

We depend on our cash balances, cash flows from operations, and our revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) to finance our operating requirements, capital expenditures, and other needs. If our cash balances, cash flows from operations, and availability under the Credit Facility are insufficient to finance our operations and alternative capital is not available, then we may not be able to expand our business and make acquisitions, or we may need to curtail or limit our existing operations.

Changes in foreign exchange rates could adversely affect the value of our investments in Canada and cause foreign exchange losses.

We have substantial investments in businesses in Canada. Unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates could adversely affect the value of our investments in these businesses.

An impairment of all or part of our goodwill could adversely affect our operating results and net worth.

As of April 1, 2023, 12.6% of our total assets consisted of goodwill, all of which is allocated to reporting units included in the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), we test goodwill at least annually for impairment or more often than annually if an event or circumstance indicates that an impairment is more likely than not to have occurred. If goodwill has become impaired, we charge the impairment as an expense in the period in which the impairment occurs. See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. A write-off of all or part of our goodwill could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could harm our business and financial results.

Our management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that we would prevent or detect a misstatement of our financial statements or fraud.

We anticipate paying no cash dividends for the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, for the foreseeable future, to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, capital appreciation in the price of our common stock, if any, will be investors’ only source of gain on an investment in our common stock. Any future determination to pay dividends to shareholders will be at the sole discretion of our Board

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of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including general economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, the implications of the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and any other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVE D STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PR OPERTIES

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our operating facilities as of April 1, 2023:

Location |  | Owned/Leased
United States |  |
Chandler, Arizona |  | Leased *
Corona, California |  | Leased
Lindsay, California |  | Owned
San Jacinto, California |  | Owned
Woodland, California |  | Owned
Lake City, Florida (two facilities) |  | Leased *
Ocala, Florida |  | Owned
Millen, Georgia |  | Leased**
Waycross, Georgia |  | Owned
Weiser, Idaho |  | Owned
Topeka, Indiana (three facilities) |  | Owned
Arkansas City, Kansas |  | Owned
Benton, Kentucky |  | Leased
Leesville, Louisiana |  | Leased
Worthington, Minnesota |  | Owned
York, Nebraska |  | Owned
Sangerfield, New York |  | Owned
Laurinburg, North Carolina |  | Owned
Lillington, North Carolina |  | Owned
Pembroke, North Carolina |  | Owned
Sugar Creek, Ohio |  | Owned
McMinnville, Oregon |  | Owned
Claysburg, Pennsylvania |  | Owned
Ephrata, Pennsylvania |  | Owned
Leola, Pennsylvania (two facilities) |  | Owned
Liverpool, Pennsylvania |  | Owned
Strattanville, Pennsylvania |  | Owned
Dresden, Tennessee |  | Leased
Athens, Texas |  | Owned
Burleson, Texas (two facilities) |  | Owned
Mansfield, Texas |  | Owned
Navasota, Texas |  | Owned
Lancaster, Wisconsin |  | Owned
Canada |  |
Lethbridge, Alberta |  | Leased *
Medicine Hat, Alberta |  | Owned
Penticton, British Columbia |  | Owned
Kelowna, British Columbia |  | Leased
Estevan, Saskatchewan |  | Owned
* -- land only leased; facility owned |  |
** -- the land and operating facility in Millen, Georgia are maintained under a lease, however, we retain an option to purchase throughout the lease period |  |
﻿ |  |

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Our corporate headquarters is in Troy, Michigan and we have an administrative office in Elkhart, Indiana. We also have 31 retail sales centers located across the U.S. and nine terminals for our logistics operations across four states in the U.S. The corporate offices, some of our retail sales centers, and logistics terminals are leased properties. The contractual lease for our Troy, Michigan office expires in December 2027 and the contractual lease for our Elkhart, Indiana office expires in September 2028. Two of the manufacturing facilities are encumbered by industrial revenue bonds. In the opinion of management, our properties have been well maintained, are in sound operating condition, and contain all equipment and facilities necessary to operate at present levels.

We also own or lease eight idle manufacturing facilities which could be utilized for additional production capacity. Those facilities would likely require capital investments in order to secure and equip them for operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are party to certain legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course and are incidental to our business. Certain of the claims pending against us in these proceedings allege, among other things, breach of express and implied warranties, and in various governmental agency proceedings arising from occupational safety and health, wage and hour, and similar employment and workplace regulations. Although litigation is inherently uncertain, based on past experience and the information currently available, management does not believe that the currently pending and threatened litigation or claims will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations. However, future events or circumstances, currently unknown to us, will determine whether the resolution of pending or threatened litigation or claims will ultimately have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity, or results of operations in any future reporting periods.

ITEM 4. MINE SAF ETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

21

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STO CKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The Company's common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol SKY.

Holders

As of May 22, 2022, the Company had approximately 322 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of shareholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes shareholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include shareholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Dividend Policy

The Company does not currently pay dividends on our common stock and intends to retain all available funds and any future earnings for general corporate purposes. However, in the future, subject to the factors described below and our future liquidity and capitalization, the Company may change this policy and choose to pay dividends. Any future determination to pay dividends to shareholders will be at the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including general economic conditions, our financial position and results of operations, available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, the implications of the payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders or by the Company’s subsidiaries and any other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this Annual Report.

Issuer Purchases of Securities

There were no stock repurchases that were part of a publicly announced plan during the period covered by this Annual Report.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Item 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters,” of this Annual Report contains certain information relating to the Company’s equity compensation plans.

Stock Performance

The following graph shows the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock over the period spanning March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2023, as compared with that of the Russell 3000 Index and a selected peer group of comparable, publicly traded companies in the housing segment, based on an initial investment of $100 on March 31, 2018.

22

Total stockholder return is measured by dividing share price change plus dividends, if any, for each period by the share price at the beginning of the respective period and assumes reinvestment of dividends. This stock performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC or subject to Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

| 3/31/2018 |  |  | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 3/31/2020 |  |  | 3/31/2021 |  |  | 3/31/2022 |  |  | 3/31/2023 |
Skyline Champion Corporation | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 89.74 |  |  | $ | 74.06 |  |  | $ | 213.77 |  |  | $ | 259.21 |  |  | $ | 355.33 |
Russell 3000 |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 108.77 |  |  |  | 98.84 |  |  |  | 160.64 |  |  |  | 179.80 |  |  |  | 164.37 |
Peer Group* |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 86.76 |  |  |  | 67.98 |  |  |  | 182.99 |  |  |  | 147.88 |  |  |  | 185.86 |

*The peer group consists of Beazer Homes USA, Cavco Industries, Century Communities, LGI Homes, MDC Holdings, M/I Homes, Meritage Homes, Quanex Building Products Corp, and Tri Pointe Group.

ITEM 6. RESERVED

23

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following should be read in conjunction with Skyline Champion Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Certain statements set forth below under this caption constitute forward-looking statements. See Part I, “Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional factors relating to such statements, and see Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report for a discussion of certain risks applicable to our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See also Part II, Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Form 10-K for the year ended April 2, 2022, which provides additional information on comparisons of fiscal years 2022 and 2021.

Overview

The Company is a leading producer of factory-built housing in the U.S. and Canada. The Company serves as a complete solutions provider across complementary and vertically integrated businesses including manufactured construction, company-owned retail locations, construction services, and transportation logistics. The Company is the largest independent publicly traded factory-built solutions provider in North America based on revenue, and markets its homes under several nationally recognized brand names including Skyline Homes, Champion Home Builders, Genesis Homes, Athens Park Models, Dutch Housing, Atlantic Homes, Excel Homes, Homes of Merit, New Era, Redman Homes, ScotBilt Homes, Shore Park, Silvercrest, and Titan Homes in the U.S. and Moduline and SRI Homes in western Canada. The Company operates 38 manufacturing facilities throughout the U.S. and five manufacturing facilities in western Canada that primarily construct factory-built, timber-framed manufactured and modular houses that are sold primarily to independent retailers, builders/developers, and manufactured home community operators. The Company’s retail operations consist of 31 sales centers that sell manufactured homes to consumers across the U.S. The Company’s transportation business engages independent owners/drivers to transport manufactured homes, recreational vehicles, and other products throughout the U.S. and Canada.

Acquisitions and Expansions

Over the last several years, demand for affordable housing in the U.S. has increased. As a result, the Company focused on operational improvements to increase capacity utilization and profitability at its existing manufacturing facilities as well as executed measured expansion of its manufacturing footprint through facility and equipment investments and acquisitions. During fiscal 2023, robust demand began to slow as inflation and higher interest rates made housing less affordable. Even though the housing markets have slowed, the Company continues to focus on growing in strong housing markets across the U.S. and Canada, as well as expanding products and services to provide more holistic solutions to homebuyers.

In July 2022, the Company acquired 12 Factory Expo retail sales centers from Alta Cima Corporation, which expanded the internal retail network across a broader portion of the U.S. In May 2022, the Company acquired Manis Custom Builders, Inc. ("Manis") in order to expand its manufacturing footprint and further streamline its product offering in the Southeast U.S. In February 2021, the Company acquired ScotBilt Homes, LLC and related companies (collectively, "ScotBilt"), which operated two manufacturing facilities in Georgia providing affordable housing throughout Alabama, Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas. The ScotBilt acquisition complemented the Company’s existing manufacturing footprint in the attractive mid-south region.

The Company is also focused on streamlining its U.S. manufacturing production capacity through various plant start-ups. In June 2021, the Company acquired two idle facilities in Navasota, Texas in order to increase its production capabilities in the Texas market. The Company began production at one of those facilities during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. In January 2021, the Company acquired two idle facilities in Pembroke, North Carolina, and began production at one of those facilities in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. The Company is also in the process of opening previously idled facilities in Bartow, Florida and Decatur, Indiana, both of which are expecting to begin production in fiscal 2024.

The Company's acquisitions and investments are part of a strategy to grow and diversify revenue with a focus on increasing the Company’s homebuilding presence in the U.S. as well as improving the results of operations through streamlining production of similar product categories. These acquisitions and investments are included in the Company's consolidated results for periods subsequent to their respective acquisition dates.

Industry and Company Outlook

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Since July 2020, U.S. and Canadian housing industry demand has been robust. The limited availability of existing homes for sale and the broader need for newly built affordable, single-family housing has continued to drive demand for new homes in these markets. In recent years, manufactured home construction experienced revenue growth due to a number of favorable demographic trends and demand drivers in the United States, including underlying growth trends in key homebuyer groups, such as the population over 55 years of age, the population of first-time home buyers, and the population of households earning less than $60,000 per year. More recently, we have seen a number of market trends pointing to increased sales of ADUs and urban-to-rural migration as customers accommodate working-from-home patterns, as well as people seeking rent-to-own single-family options.

The recent increases in interest rates in response to inflation have impacted the demand for the Company's products in both the U.S. and Canada. As a result, incoming orders from our manufacturing customers in fiscal 2023 decreased compared to the prior fiscal year. In addition, our independent retail customers have cancelled stock-model orders in response to the increase in floor plan carrying costs and the desire to optimize their model home inventory based on rising interest rates. The Company's backlog at the end of fiscal 2023 was $308.1 million compared to $1.6 billion at the end of fiscal 2022. The decrease in backlog was primarily driven by lower net orders. Cancellation of end-consumer orders, at the retail level, have been minimal.

For fiscal 2023, approximately 87% of the Company’s U.S. manufacturing sales were generated from the manufacture of homes that comply with the Federal HUD code construction standard in the U.S. According to data reported by MHI, HUD-code industry home shipments were 104,374, 108,964, and 95,588 units during fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Based on industry data, the Company’s U.S. wholesale market share of HUD code homes sold was 20.4%, 19.3%, and 16.9% in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Annual industry shipments have generally increased each year since calendar year 2009 when only 50,000 HUD-coded manufactured homes were shipped, the lowest level since the industry began recording statistics in 1959. While shipments of HUD-coded manufactured homes have improved modestly in recent years, current manufactured housing shipments are still at lower levels than the long-term historical average of over 200,000 units per year. Manufactured home sales represent approximately 11% of all U.S. single family home starts.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR FISCAL 2023 VS. 2022

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Results of Operations Data: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 2,606,560 |  |  | $ | 2,207,229 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 1,787,879 |  |  |  | 1,618,106 |
Gross profit |  |  | 818,681 |  |  |  | 589,123 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | 300,396 |  |  |  | 256,218 |
Operating income |  |  | 518,285 |  |  |  | 332,905 |
Interest (income) expense, net |  |  | (14,977 | ) |  |  | 2,512 |
Other income, net |  |  | (634 | ) |  |  | (36 | )
Income from operations before income taxes |  |  | 533,896 |  |  |  | 330,429 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 132,094 |  |  |  | 82,385 |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 132,094 |  |  |  | 82,385 |
Interest (income) expense, net |  |  | (14,977 | ) |  |  | 2,512 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 26,726 |  |  |  | 20,936 |
Transaction costs |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (972 | ) |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 545,011 |  |  | $ | 353,877 |
As a percent of net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit |  |  | 31.4 | % |  |  | 26.7 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 11.5 | % |  |  | 11.6 | %
Operating income |  |  | 19.9 | % |  |  | 15.1 | %
Net income |  |  | 15.4 | % |  |  | 11.2 | %
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 20.9 | % |  |  | 16.0 | %

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FISCAL PERIODS

The Company’s fiscal year is a 52- or 53-week period that ends on the Saturday nearest March 31. Fiscal 2023 and 2022 were each 52-week periods.

NET SALES

The following table summarizes net sales for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Net sales |  | $ | 2,606,560 |  |  | $ | 2,207,229 |  |  | $ | 399,331 |  |  |  | 18.1 | %
U.S. manufacturing and retail net sales |  | $ | 2,411,342 |  |  | $ | 1,991,066 |  |  | $ | 420,276 |  |  |  | 21.1 | %
U.S. homes sold |  |  | 24,736 |  |  |  | 24,686 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 0.2 | %
U.S. manufacturing and retail average home selling price |  | $ | 97.5 |  |  | $ | 80.7 |  |  | $ | 16.8 |  |  |  | 20.8 | %
Canadian manufacturing net sales |  | $ | 144,289 |  |  | $ | 159,124 |  |  | $ | (14,835 | ) |  |  | (9.3 | %)
Canadian homes sold |  |  | 1,174 |  |  |  | 1,479 |  |  |  | (305 | ) |  |  | (20.6 | %)
Canadian manufacturing average home selling price |  | $ | 122.9 |  |  | $ | 107.6 |  |  | $ | 15.3 |  |  |  | 14.2 | %
Corporate/Other net sales |  | $ | 50,929 |  |  | $ | 57,039 |  |  | $ | (6,110 | ) |  |  | (10.7 | %)
U.S. manufacturing facilities in operation at year end |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 6 | %
U.S. retail sales centers in operation at year end |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 72 | %
Canadian manufacturing facilities in operation at year end |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — | %

Net sales for fiscal 2023 were $2.6 billion an increase of $399.3 million, or 18.1%, over fiscal 2022. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Fiscal 2023 net sales for the Company’s U.S. manufacturing and retail operations increased by $420.3 million, or 21.1%, over fiscal 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the average home selling price of 20.8%. The average selling price increased in fiscal 2023 compared to the prior fiscal year due to pricing actions enacted in response to rising material, freight, and labor costs as well as the impact of sales to FEMA of $200.3 million. FEMA units generally have more specifications than our typical products and therefore drive a higher average selling price per home.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

The Canadian Factory-built Housing segment net sales decreased by $14.8 million, or 9.3% for fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year, primarily due to a 20.6% decrease in homes sold, partially offset by a 14.2% increase in average selling price per new home. The increase in average selling price was due to pricing actions taken in response to rising material and labor costs and a change in product mix. The decrease in homes sold is due to slowing demand in certain regions of Canada and a shift in mix. Net sales for the Canadian segment were also unfavorably impacted by approximately $6.6 million as the Canadian dollar weakened relative to the U.S. dollar during fiscal 2023 as compared to the prior year.

Corporate/Other:

Net sales for Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation business and the elimination of intersegment sales. During fiscal 2023, net sales for the segment decreased by $6.1 million, or 10.7%, compared to fiscal 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in shipments of recreational vehicles due to a decrease in that industry's demand.

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GROSS PROFIT

The following table summarizes gross profit for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing |  | $ | 757,521 |  |  | $ | 530,252 |  |  | $ | 227,269 |  |  |  | 42.9 | %
Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | 44,640 |  |  |  | 43,493 |  |  |  | 1,147 |  |  |  | 2.6 | %
Corporate/Other |  |  | 16,520 |  |  |  | 15,378 |  |  |  | 1,142 |  |  |  | 7.4 | %
Total gross profit |  | $ | 818,681 |  |  | $ | 589,123 |  |  | $ | 229,558 |  |  |  | 39.0 | %
Gross profit as a percent of net sales |  |  | 31.4 | % |  |  | 26.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

Gross profit as a percent of sales during fiscal 2023 was 31.4% compared to 26.7% during fiscal 2022. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Gross profit for the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment increased by $227.3 million, or 42.9%, during fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by the increase in revenue in fiscal 2023. As a percent of net sales, gross profit was 31.4% for fiscal 2023 compared to 26.6% in the prior fiscal year. Sales to FEMA during the first half of fiscal 2023 increased gross profit and gross profit as a percent of sales since FEMA units are generally at higher prices and have more specifications than our core products, which helps offset the disruption to our operations and our customers. In addition, input costs primarily related to forest products decreased while price increases for our products were still in effect. In the second half of fiscal 2023, we lowered certain material surcharges in response to lower input costs, we saw a decrease in volume allowing less leverage of fixed costs and we saw a shift to smaller, less optioned homes which lowered gross profit margins to more normal levels.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

Gross profit for the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment increased by $1.1 million, or 2.6%, during fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year. Gross profit increased to 30.9% as a percent of segment net sales from 27.3% in the prior year. The increase in gross profit was due to the increase in average selling prices of new homes and lower material input costs. However, demand in Canada declined in the second half of fiscal 2023 which has put pressure on gross profit margins due to less leverage of fixed costs at lower production volumes.

Corporate/Other:

Gross profit for the Corporate/Other segment increased by $1.1 million, or 7.4%, during fiscal 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year. Corporate/Other gross profit improved as a percent of segment net sales to 32.4% from 27.0%. Gross margin for the Company’s transportation business improved due to a change in revenue mix.

SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include foreign currency transaction gains and losses, equity compensation, and intangible amortization expense. The following table summarizes SG&A expenses for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing |  | $ | 221,498 |  |  | $ | 187,697 |  |  | $ | 33,801 |  |  |  | 18.0 | %
Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | 12,932 |  |  |  | 12,912 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 0.2 | %
Corporate/Other |  |  | 65,966 |  |  |  | 55,609 |  |  |  | 10,357 |  |  |  | 18.6 | %
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | $ | 300,396 |  |  | $ | 256,218 |  |  | $ | 44,178 |  |  |  | 17.2 | %
Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percent of net sales |  |  | 11.5 | % |  |  | 11.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

SG&A expenses were $300.4 million during fiscal 2023, an increase of $44.2 million compared to the prior year. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

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U.S. Factory-built Housing:

SG&A expenses for the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment increased by $33.8 million, or 18.0%, during fiscal 2023 as compared to the prior year. SG&A expenses, as a percent of segment net sales, declined to 9.2% in fiscal 2023 compared to 9.4% during fiscal 2022. SG&A costs increased due to a combination of factors, primarily (i) additional expenses for acquisitions and new plant startups (ii) higher sales commissions and incentive compensation, which is generally based on sales volume or a measure of profitability; (iii) and increased marketing and trade-show expense.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

SG&A expenses for the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment remained consistent compared to the prior year. SG&A expenses, as a percent of segment net sales, were 9.0% during fiscal 2023 compared to 8.1% in fiscal 2022. The increase in SG&A as a percent of net sales is a the result of the decrease in net sales for the segment.

Corporate/Other:

SG&A expenses for Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation operations, corporate costs incurred for all segments, and intersegment eliminations. SG&A expenses for Corporate/Other increased by $10.4 million, or 18.6%, during fiscal 2023 as compared to the prior year. The increase is mainly due to increased equity compensation and investments made to enhance our online customer experience and support systems.

INTEREST (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET

The following table summarizes the components of interest (income) expense, net for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Interest expense |  | $ | 3,276 |  |  | $ | 3,245 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  |  | 1.0 | %
Interest income |  |  | (18,253 | ) |  |  | (733 | ) |  |  | (17,520 | ) |  |  | 2,390.2 | %
Interest (income) expense, net |  | $ | (14,977 | ) |  | $ | 2,512 |  |  | $ | (17,489 | ) |  |  | (696.2 | %)
Average outstanding floor plan payable |  | $ | 25,756 |  |  | $ | 31,485 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average outstanding long-term debt |  | $ | 12,430 |  |  | $ | 19,155 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest (income) expense, net was $15.0 million of income for fiscal 2023, compared to $2.5 million of expense in the prior year. The change was primarily due to higher interest income from higher average invested cash balances and higher interest rates in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. Interest expense was flat for the year as a result of higher interest rates offsetting the benefit of paying off our outstanding floor plan payable balance in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

OTHER INCOME, NET

The following table summarizes other income, net for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Other income, net |  | $ | (634 | ) |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | (598 | ) |  |  | 1,661.1 | %

Other income, net increased $0.6 million during fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year. During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company received insurance proceeds for partial settlement of certain Champion Homes Builders' pre-bankruptcy workers' compensation claims, which was partially offset by transaction costs incurred for the acquisition of Manis.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The following table summarizes income tax expense for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 132,094 |  |  | $ | 82,385 |  |  | $ | 49,709 |  |  |  | 60.3 | %
Effective tax rate |  |  | 24.7 | % |  |  | 24.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

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Income tax expense during fiscal 2023 was $132.1 million, representing an effective tax rate of 24.7%, compared to income tax expense of $82.4 million, representing an effective tax rate of 24.9%, in fiscal 2022.

The Company’s effective tax rate for both fiscal 2023 and 2022 differs from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, due primarily to the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes, and foreign rate differential, partially offset by tax credits.

ADJUSTED EBITDA

The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |  |  | $ | 153,758 |  |  |  | 62.0 | %
Income tax expense |  |  | 132,094 |  |  |  | 82,385 |  |  |  | 49,709 |  |  |  | 60.3 | %
Interest (income) expense, net |  |  | (14,977 | ) |  |  | 2,512 |  |  |  | (17,489 | ) |  |  | (696.2 | %)
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 26,726 |  |  |  | 20,936 |  |  |  | 5,790 |  |  |  | 27.7 | %
Transaction costs |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 338 |  |  | * |
Other |  |  | (972 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (972 | ) |  | * |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 545,011 |  |  | $ | 353,877 |  |  | $ | 191,134 |  |  |  | 54.0 | %

* indicates that the calculated percentage is not meaningful

Adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2023 was $545.0 million, an increase of $191.1 million over fiscal 2022. The increase is primarily a result of increased operating income due to increases in net sales and gross profits, partially offset by higher SG&A expenses. See the definition of Adjusted EBITDA under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for additional information regarding the definition and use of this metric in evaluating the Company’s results.

BACKLOG

Although orders from customers can be cancelled at any time without penalty, and unfilled orders are not necessarily an indication of future business, the Company’s unfilled U.S. and Canadian manufacturing orders at April 1, 2023 totaled $308.1 million compared to $1.6 billion at April 2, 2022. The decrease in backlog was primarily driven by lower net orders. Increases in interest rates in response to inflation during this fiscal year has impacted the demand for the Company's products in both the U.S. and Canada. Incoming gross orders from our customers decreased compared to last year. In addition, our independent retail customers have cancelled stock-model orders in response to the increase in floor plan carrying costs and the desire to optimize their model home inventory. Cancellation of end-consumer orders, at the retail level, has been minimal.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The following table presents summary cash flow information for fiscal 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | 416,225 |  |  | $ | 224,479 |  |
Investing activities |  |  | (61,179 | ) |  |  | (31,967 | ) |
Financing activities |  |  | (37,019 | ) |  |  | (19,936 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes |  |  | (5,987 | ) |  |  | 256 |  |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | 312,040 |  |  |  | 172,832 |  |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 435,413 |  |  |  | 262,581 |  |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 747,453 |  |  | $ | 435,413 |  |

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and existing cash balances. Cash balances and cash flows from operations for the next year are expected to be adequate to cover working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and strategic initiatives and investments. The Company does not have any scheduled long-term debt maturities in the next twelve months. The Company has an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement which provides for a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $45.0 million letter of credit sub-facility ("Amended Credit Agreement"). At April 1, 2023, there were no borrowings

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under the Amended Credit Agreement and letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement totaled $32.1 million. Total available borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of April 1, 2023 were $167.9 million. The Company’s revolving credit facility includes (i) a maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio of 3.25 to 1.00, subject to an upward adjustment upon the consummation of a material acquisition, and (ii) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00. The Company anticipates compliance with its debt covenants and projects its level of cash availability to be in excess of cash needed to operate the business for the next year and beyond. In the event operating cash flow and existing cash balances were deemed inadequate to support the Company’s liquidity needs, and one or more capital resources were to become unavailable, the Company would revise its operating strategies.

Cash provided by operating activities was $416.2 million in fiscal 2023 compared to $224.5 million in fiscal 2022. The majority of the increase in cash provided by operating activities was a result of the $154.8 million increase in net income. However, the change in other working capital items also contributed to higher cash provided by operating activities. Cash required for working capital items increased in fiscal 2022 in response to consumer demand and supply chain issues. Those factors began to normalize in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, requiring less investment and improving cash flow.

Cash used in investing activities was $61.2 million in fiscal 2023 versus $32.0 million in fiscal 2022. The increase in the use of cash is related primarily to a $20.3 million increase in purchases of property, plant, and equipment to support the start up of new manufacturing facilities, the acquisition of Manis, and cash paid for an equity method investment.

In fiscal 2023, cash used in financing activities was $37.0 million, versus $19.9 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase in cash used for financing activities was related to floor plan financing repayments totaling $35.5 million during fiscal 2023 compared to $17.2 million of net repayments in fiscal 2022 on the revolving debt facility and floor plan financing arrangements.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS

Credit Facility

The Amended Credit Agreement matures in July 2026 and has no scheduled amortization. The interest rate on borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement is based on either the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a benchmark Replacement Rate Adjustment ("Replacement Rate"), plus an interest rate spread. The interest rate spread adjusts based on the consolidated total net leverage of the Company from a high of 1.875% when the consolidated total net leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 2.25:1.00, to a low of 1.125% when the consolidated total net leverage is below 0.50:1.00. Alternatively for same day borrowings, the interest rate is based on an Alternative Base Rate ("ABR") plus an interest rate spread that ranges from a high of 0.875% to a low of 0.125% based on the consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay an unused line fee ranging between 0.15% and 0.30% depending on the consolidated total net leverage ratio, in respect of unused commitments under the Amended Credit Agreement.

Letter of Credit Facility

The Company has a letter of credit sub-facility under the Amended Credit Agreement. At April 1, 2023, letters of credit issued under the sub-facility totaled $32.1 million.

Industrial Revenue Bonds

Obligations under industrial revenue bonds are supported by letters of credit and bear interest based on a municipal bond index rate. The industrial revenue bonds require lump-sum payments of principal upon maturity in 2029.

Floor Plan Payable

At April 1, 2023, the Company had no outstanding borrowings on floor plan financing arrangements. The Company repaid the outstanding balance of $38.5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The Company’s retail operations historically utilized floor plan financing to fund the acquisition of manufactured homes for display or resale. The arrangements provide for borrowings up to $43.0 million. Floor plan payables are secured by the homes acquired and are required to be repaid when the Company sells the financed home to a customer.

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Contingent Obligations

The Company has contingent liabilities and obligations at April 1, 2023, including surety bonds and letters of credit totaling $31.0 million and $32.1 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company is contingently obligated under repurchase agreements with certain lending institutions that provide floor plan financing to independent retailers. The contingent repurchase obligation as of April 1, 2023 is approximately $386.6 million, without reduction for the resale value of the homes collateralizing the potential repurchases. The Company has the ability to resell the repurchased collateral to other retailers, and losses incurred on repurchased homes have been insignificant in recent periods. The reserve for estimated losses under repurchase agreements was $2.5 million at April 1, 2023. See “Critical Accounting Polices and Estimates – Reserve for Repurchase Commitments” below.

The Company has provided various representations, warranties, and other standard indemnifications in the ordinary course of its business in agreements to acquire and sell business assets and in financing arrangements. The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business.

The Company has received claims for damage related to water intrusion in homes built in one of its manufacturing facilities. The Company is investigating the cause of the damage and assessing its responsibility to remediate. While it is reasonably possible that the Company will receive future claims that could result in additional costs to repair that could be significant in the aggregate, the Company is unable to estimate the number of such claims or the amount or range of any potential losses associated with such claims at this time.

In the normal course of business, the Company’s subsidiaries historically provided certain parent company guarantees to two U.K. customers. These guarantees provided contractual liability for proven construction defects up to 12 years from the date of delivery of the units. The guarantees remain a contingent liability subsequent to the fiscal 2017 disposition of the U.K. operations, which declines over time through October 2027. As of the date of this report, no claims have been reported under the terms of the guarantees.

Management believes the ultimate liability with respect to these contingent obligations will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES - ADJUSTED EBITDA

The Company defines Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Taxes and Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) as net income or loss plus expenses or minus income: (a) the provision for income taxes; (b) interest (income) expense, net; (c) depreciation and amortization; (d) gain or loss from discontinued operations; (e) non-cash restructuring charges and impairment of assets; and (f) other non-operating income or expense including but not limited to those costs for the acquisition and integration or disposition of businesses and idle facilities. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of earnings calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income or loss prepared on a U.S. GAAP basis. Adjusted EBITDA does not purport to represent cash flow provided by, or used in, operating activities as defined by U.S. GAAP, which is presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA is presented as a supplemental measure of the Company’s financial performance that management believes is useful to investors, because the excluded items may vary significantly in timing or amounts and/or may obscure trends useful in evaluating and comparing the Company’s operating activities across reporting periods. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA is useful to an investor in evaluating operating performance for the following reasons: (i) Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest income and expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization and equity-based compensation, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired; and (ii) analysts and investors use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to evaluate the overall operating performance of companies in the industry.

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of internal annual operating budget and periodic forecasts: (i) in communications with the Board of Directors and investors concerning financial performance; (ii) as a factor in determining bonuses under certain incentive compensation programs; and (iii) as a measure of operating performance used to determine the ability to provide cash flows to support investments in capital assets, acquisitions and working capital requirements for operating expansion.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report. Certain of our accounting policies require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Assumptions and estimates of future earnings and cash flow are used in the periodic analyses of the recoverability of goodwill, intangible assets, deferred tax assets and property, plant, and equipment. Historical experience and trends

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are used to estimate reserves, including reserves for self-insured risks, warranty costs, and wholesale repurchase losses. The Company considers an accounting estimate to be critical if it requires us to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made and changes in the estimate would have had a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Company believes that the following discussion addresses the Company’s critical accounting estimates.

Acquisitions

We allocate the purchase price of an acquired business to its identifiable assets and liabilities based on estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill. We use all available information to estimate fair values. We typically engage outside appraisal firms to assist in the fair value determination of identifiable intangible assets and any other significant assets or liabilities. We adjust the preliminary purchase price allocation, as necessary, up to one year after the acquisition closing date as we obtain more information regarding asset valuations and liabilities assumed. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain, and therefore, may not be realized. Unanticipated events or circumstances may occur which could affect the accuracy of our fair value estimates, including assumptions regarding industry economic factors and business strategies. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the estimates, assumptions, and values reflected in the valuations will be realized, and actual results could vary materially.

Reserves for Self-Insured Risks

The Company is self-insured for a significant portion of its general insurance, product liability, workers’ compensation, auto, health, and property insurance. Insurance coverage is maintained for catastrophic exposures and those risks required to be insured by law. The Company is liable for the first $150,000 of incurred losses for each workers’ compensation and auto liability claim and is responsible for losses up to the first $500,000 per occurrence for general, product liability, and property insurance. Generally catastrophic losses are insured up to $80 million. The Company establishes reserves for reported and unreported losses and insurance company reimbursements under these programs using an actuarial determined value which takes into consideration prior claim experience, estimates of losses for known occurrences and the respective volume of business activity for a given period. The health plan is currently subject to a stop-loss limit of $600,000 per occurrence. Estimated self-insurance costs are accrued for all expected future expenditures for reported and unreported claims based on historical experience.

Warranty Reserves

The Company’s factory-built housing operations generally provide each retail homebuyer with a 12-month assurance warranty from the date of retail purchase. Estimated warranty costs are accrued as cost of sales at the time of sale. Warranty provisions and reserves are based on various factors, including estimates of the amounts necessary to settle existing and future claims on homes sold as of the balance sheet date. Factors used in the estimation of the warranty liability include the estimated amount of warranty and customer service costs incurred for homes that remain in retailers’ inventories before delivery to the consumer, homes purchased by consumers still within the warranty period, the timing in which work orders were completed, and the historical average costs incurred to service a home.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

It is the Company’s policy to evaluate the recoverability of property, plant, and equipment whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable, primarily based on estimated selling price, appraised value, or projected undiscounted future cash flows.

Impairment of Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually. Impairment testing is required more often if an event or circumstance indicates that an impairment is more likely than not to have occurred. In conducting its annual impairment testing, the Company may first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If not, no further goodwill impairment testing is required. If it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company elects not to perform a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit, the Company then compares the fair value of the reporting unit to the related net book value. If the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is measured and recognized. As the analysis depends upon judgments, estimates and assumptions, such testing is subject to inherent uncertainties, which could cause the fair value to fluctuate from period to period.

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In fiscal 2023, the Company performed qualitative assessments of its reporting units. The annual assessment was completed on of the first day of fiscal March. The assessments indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying value. The Company does not believe that any reporting units are at risk for impairment.

Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided when the Company determines that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Reserve for Repurchase Commitments

As is customary in the factory-built housing industry, a significant portion of the home sales to independent retailers are made pursuant to repurchase agreements with lending institutions that provide wholesale floor plan financing to the retailers. Certain homes sold pursuant to repurchase agreements are subject to repurchase, generally up to 24 months after the sale of the home to the retailer. Certain other homes sold pursuant to repurchase agreements are subject to repurchase until the home is sold by the retailer. For those homes with an unlimited repurchase period, the Company’s risk of loss upon repurchase declines due to required monthly principal payments by the retailer. After 18 to 36 months from the date of the Company’s sale of the home, the risk of loss on these homes is low, and by the 46th month, most programs require that the home be paid in full, at which time the Company no longer has risk of loss. Pursuant to these agreements, during the repurchase period, generally upon default by the retailer and repossession by the financial institution, the Company is obligated to repurchase the homes from the floor plan lenders. The contingent repurchase obligation as of April 1, 2023 was estimated to be approximately $386.6 million, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. Losses under repurchase obligations represent the difference between the repurchase price and net proceeds from the resale of the homes, less accrued rebates, which will not be paid. Losses incurred on homes repurchased have been insignificant in recent periods. The reserve for estimated losses under repurchase agreements was $2.5 million at April 1, 2023.

OTHER MATTERS

Inflation

Inflation of raw materials, especially forest products, was significant in fiscal 2022 and 2021, and generally stabilized in fiscal 2023. The raw material price increases have generally been passed on to customers or mitigated through working with supply chain partners, sourcing alternative materials or other operational improvements to minimize the effect on our profitability. However, continued, frequent and sudden increases in specific costs, as well as price competition, can affect the ability to pass on costs and adversely impact results of operations. Therefore, there is no assurance that inflation or the impact of rising material costs will not have a significant impact on revenue or results of operations in the future.

Seasonality

The housing industry, which includes factory-built homes, is affected by seasonality. Sales during the period from March to November are traditionally higher than other months. As a result, quarterly results of a particular period are not necessarily representative of the results expected for the year.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in our accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding new accounting pronouncements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITAT IVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

Debt obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are subject to variable rates of interest based on LIBOR, SOFR, or an ABR, at the election of the Company. Changes in interest rates will affect interest payments on outstanding debt balances. At April 1, 2023 there were no outstanding borrowings on the Amended Credit Agreement.

Obligations under industrial revenue bonds are subject to variable rates of interest based on a municipal bond index rate. A 100 basis point increase in the underlying interest rates would result in additional annual interest expense of approximately $0.1 million, assuming related debt of $12.4 million, which is the amount of outstanding borrowings on industrial revenue bonds at April 1, 2023.

Obligations under floor plan financing arrangements are subject to variable rates of interest based on terms negotiated with the floor plan lenders. Changes in interest rates will affect interest payments on outstanding floor plan balances. At April 1, 2023 there were no outstanding floor plan borrowings.

The Company’s approach to interest rate risk is to balance borrowings between fixed rate and variable rate debt as management deems appropriate. At April 1, 2023, the Company’s borrowings under the industrial revenue bonds were at variable rates.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk with its factory-built housing operations in Canada. The Canadian operations had fiscal 2023 net sales of $189.2 million Canadian dollars. Assuming future annual Canadian net sales equivalent to fiscal 2023, a change of 1.0% in exchange rates between the U.S. and Canadian dollars would change consolidated sales by $1.9 million. The Company also has foreign exchange risk for cash balances maintained in Canadian dollars that are subject to fluctuating values when exchanged into U.S. dollars. The Company does not financially hedge its investment in the Canadian operations or in Canadian denominated bank deposits.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMEN TS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Financial statements, exhibits and schedules are filed herewith under Item 15.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCO UNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of April 1, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of April 1, 2023.

(b)
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, internal controls over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

(1)
pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company's assets;
(2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and that the Company's receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
(3)
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of their inherent limitations, the Company's controls and procedures may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all controls systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("2013 Framework"). Management excluded Factory Expo, which was acquired on July 11, 2022, from its assessment of the internal control over financial reporting. This acquired business comprised approximately 2% of total assets as of April 1, 2023 and approximately 2% of net sales for the year ended April 1, 2023. Based on management's evaluation under the criteria in the 2013 Framework, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 1, 2023.

(c)
Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements set forth in this Annual Report and issued an attestation report regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 1, 2023, and the attestation report is set forth in Item 15, "Financial Statement Schedules," under the caption "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" and is incorporated herein by reference.

(d)
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended April 1, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTH ER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTION

Not applicable.

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OF FICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this item concerning the Company’s directors, director nominees and Section 16 beneficial ownership reporting compliance will be set forth in the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2023 Proxy Statement”), which will be filed within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year, under the captions "Election of Directors," "Share Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners," "Executive Officers" and "Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

The Company has adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics (“Code of Conduct”) which applies to all of its directors, officers, and employees. Our Code of Conduct is available on our website, www.skylinechampion.com, and can be obtained by writing to Investor Relations at 755 West Big Beaver Rd., Suite 1000, Troy, Michigan 48084, or by sending an email to investorrelations@championhomes.com. The information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 11. EXECUTI VE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “How We Make Compensation Decisions,” “What We Pay and Why: Elements of Compensation,” “Compensation Tables,” “Summary Compensation Table for 2023,” “Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal 2023,” “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2023 Year End,” “Option Exercises and Stock Vested in Fiscal 2023,” “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control,” “Director Compensation,” “Director Compensation Program,” “Non-Employee Director Compensation in Fiscal 2023,” “CEO Pay Ratio,” "Pay Versus Performance," “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation Committee Report,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OW NERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the caption "Share Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners" and is incorporated herein by reference.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information about the Company’s equity compensation plans as of April 1, 2023:

Plan Category |  | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (1) (A) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (2) (B) |  | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (A)) (C) |
Equity compensation plans approved by Stockholders |  | 1,258,053 |  | $ | 28.68 |  | 3,630,698 |
Equity compensation plans not approved by Stockholders |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total |  | 1,258,053 |  | $ | 28.68 |  | 3,630,698 |

(1)
This amount represents the following: (a) 397,981 shares subject to the vesting and/or exercise of outstanding options; (b) 530,417 shares subject to vesting of outstanding performance-based restricted stock units reflected at the maximum potential vesting; and (c) 329,655 shares subject to vesting of outstanding restricted stock units. The options, performance-based restricted stock units and restricted stock units were all granted under our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan.
(2)
The weighted-average exercise price is calculated solely on the exercise prices of the outstanding options and does not reflect the shares that will be issued upon the vesting of outstanding awards of performance-based restricted stock units and time-based restricted stock units, which have no exercise price.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the captions “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” “Board Composition and Director Independence,” “Meetings and Committees,” “Corporate Governance Overview,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOU NTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the captions “Auditor Fees and Pre-Approval Policy,” “Auditor Fees and Services,” and “Pre-Approval of Auditor Fees and Services,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINAN CIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Financial Statements and Fi nancial Statement Schedules

(a)
Financial Statements are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this Annual Report.

Financial Statement Schedules:

Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

All other financial statement schedules are omitted because such schedules are not required, or the information required has been presented in the aforementioned financial statements.

Exhibits

The documents listed below are being filed or have previously been filed on behalf of the Company and are incorporated herein by reference from the documents indicated and made a part hereof. Exhibits not identified as previously filed are filed herewith.

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
2.1 |  | Share Contribution & Exchange Agreement, dated as of January 5, 2018, by and among Skyline Corporation and Champion Enterprises Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on January 5, 2018).
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Skyline Champion Corporation, dated June 1, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the registrant’s Form 8-K dated June 6, 2018).
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Skyline Champion Corporation, dated November 10, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the registrant’s Form 8-K dated November 16, 2022).
4.1 |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2018 by and among Skyline Champion Corporation, The Bain Shareholder, Sankaty Champion Holdings, LLC, Sankaty Credit Opportunities IV, L.P. CCP Champion Investors, LLC, Centerbridge Capital Partners, L.P., Centerbridge Capital Partners Strategic, L.P., Centerbridge Capital Partners SBS, L.P., Mak Champion Investment LLC, Mak-ro Capital Master Fund L.P. and Arthur J. Decio (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the registrant’s Form 8-K dated June 6, 2018).
4.2 |  | Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2018, by and among Skyline Champion Corporation, Champion Enterprises Holdings, LLC, Sankaty Champion Holdings, LLC, Sankaty Credit Opportunities IV, L.P., Centerbridge Capital Partners, L.P., Centerbridge Capital Partners Strategic, L.P., Centerbridge Capital Partners SBS, L.P., CCP Champion Investors, LLC, MAK Champion Investment LLC and MAK-RO Capital Master Fund. L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the registrant’s Form 8-K dated June 6, 2018).
4.3 |  | Description of Common Stock (incorporated by reference to the registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A12B filed by the Company on May 31, 2018).
10.1 |  | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 7, 2021 as amended May 18, 2023, by and among Skyline Champion Corporation, Champion Home Builders, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other financial institutions party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the registrant’s Form 8-K filed May 22, 2023).
10.2 |  | Transition Services Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2018, by and among Skyline Champion Corporation and Champion Enterprises Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the registrant’s Form 8-K dated June 6, 2018)
10.3 |  | 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the registrants registration statement on Form S-8 filed on September 26, 2018).†
10.4 |  | Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).
10.5 |  | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.6 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.7 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†

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10.8 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2018).
10.9 |  | Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement for Executives with written employment agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.10 |  | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement for Executives with written employment agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.11 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Executives with written employment agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.12 |  | Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 5, 2019 and effective June 1, 2019, between Mark Yost and Champion Home Builders, Inc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.13 |  | Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of March 20, 2023, between Laurie Hough and Champion Home Builders, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2023).†
10.14 |  | Executive Employment Agreement effective June 17, 2019 between Robert Spence and Champion Home Builders, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.15 |  | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2018, between Keith Anderson and Champion Home Builders, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.16 |  | Employment Agreement, dated May 3, 2021, between Champion Home Builders, Inc. and Timothy Larson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the registrant’s Form 8-K filed May 5, 2021).†
10.17 |  | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement for Employees granted in fiscal 2022 and 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 24, 2022).†
10.18 |  | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement for Executives with written employment agreements granted in fiscal 2022 and 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 26, 2021).†
10.19 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees granted in fiscal 2022 and 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 24, 2022).†
10.20 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Executives with written employment agreements granted in fiscal 2022 and 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 24, 2022).†
21.1 |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant.*
23.1 |  | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).*
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).*
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* | Filed herewith.
† | Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable

39

SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | SKYLINE CHAMPION CORPORATION
Date: | May 30, 2023 | /s/ Mark Yost
|  | Mark Yost

40

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Title | Date
/s/ Mark Yost |  | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | May 30, 2023
Mark Yost |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
/s/ Laurie Hough |  | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer | May 30, 2023
Laurie Hough |  | (Principal Financial Officer) |
/s/ Timothy Burkhardt |  | Vice President and Controller | May 30, 2023
Timothy Burkhardt |  | (Principal Accounting Officer) |
/s/ Keith Anderson |  | Director |
Keith Anderson |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Michael Berman |  | Director |
Michael Berman |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Timothy Bernlohr |  | Director |
Timothy Bernlohr |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Eddie Capel |  | Director |
Eddie Capel |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Michael Kaufman |  | Director |
Nikul Patel |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Erin Mulligan Nelson |  | Director |
Michael Kaufman |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Nikul Patel |  | Director |
Erin Mulligan Nelson |  |  | May 30, 2023
/s/ Gary E. Robinette |  | Director |
Gary E. Robinette |  |  | May 30, 2023

41

SKYLINE CHAMPION CORPORATION

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 00 42) | F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022 | F-6
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 | F-7
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 | F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 | F-9
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 | F-10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-11
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | F-27

F-1

Report of Independent Reg istered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Skyline Champion Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Skyline Champion Corporation (the Company) as of April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 1, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated May 30, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts and disclosures to which it relates.

|  | Workers’ Compensation
Description of the Matter |  | The Company had workers’ compensation reserves of $23.8 million as of April 1, 2023. As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is self-insured for a significant portion of its workers’ compensation obligations. Workers’ compensation costs are accrued for incurred claims and estimated claims incurred but not yet reported. Auditing the Company’s workers’ compensation reserve is complex and requires the involvement of actuarial specialists due to the measurement uncertainty associated with the estimate of the ultimate loss projection and the use of various actuarial methods.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit |  | We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over the workers’ compensation reserve process. For example, we tested controls over management’s

F-2

|  | review of the workers’ compensation reserve calculations, the appropriateness of the assumptions management used in the calculation and controls pertaining to the completeness and accuracy of the claim data underlying the reserve. To evaluate the reserve for workers’ compensation, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of the incurred claims underlying the reserve, obtaining legal confirmation letters to evaluate reserves in consideration of litigated matters, and reviewing the Company’s reinsurance contracts to assess the Company’s self-insurance retentions. Furthermore, we involved our actuarial specialists to assist in our evaluation of methodologies and assumptions applied by management to establish the workers’ compensation reserve. We compared the Company’s reserve to a range developed by our actuarial specialists based on assumptions independently developed by our specialists.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company‘s auditor since 2006.

Detroit, Michigan

May 30, 2023

F-3

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Skyline Champion Corporation

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Skyline Champion Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 1, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Skyline Champion Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 1, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Factory Expo, which is included in the 2023 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted approximately 2% of total assets as of April 1, 2023 and approximately 2% of revenues for the fiscal year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Factory Expo.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated May 30, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

F-4

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Detroit, Michigan

May 30, 2023

F-5

Skyline Champion Corporation

Consolida ted Balance Sheets

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 747,453 |  |  | $ | 435,413 |
Trade accounts receivable, net |  |  | 67,296 |  |  |  | 90,536 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 202,238 |  |  |  | 241,334 |
Other current assets |  |  | 26,479 |  |  |  | 14,977 |
Total current assets |  |  | 1,043,466 |  |  |  | 782,260 |
Long-term assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  |  | 177,125 |  |  |  | 132,985 |
Goodwill |  |  | 196,574 |  |  |  | 191,970 |
Amortizable intangible assets, net |  |  | 45,343 |  |  |  | 51,283 |
Deferred tax assets |  |  | 17,422 |  |  |  | 17,750 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 82,794 |  |  |  | 58,371 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,562,724 |  |  | $ | 1,234,619 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Floor plan payable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,460 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 44,702 |  |  |  | 92,159 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 204,215 |  |  |  | 222,493 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 248,917 |  |  |  | 350,112 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  | 12,430 |  |  |  | 12,430 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 5,964 |  |  |  | 5,124 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 62,412 |  |  |  | 41,840 |
Total long-term liabilities |  |  | 80,806 |  |  |  | 59,394 |
Stockholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.0277 par value, 115,000 shares authorized, 57,108 and 56,838 shares issued as of April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, respectively. |  |  | 1,585 |  |  |  | 1,573 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 519,479 |  |  |  | 502,846 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 725,672 |  |  |  | 327,902 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (13,735 | ) |  |  | (7,208 | )
Total equity |  |  | 1,233,001 |  |  |  | 825,113 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,562,724 |  |  | $ | 1,234,619 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-6

Skyline Champion Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Net sales |  | $ | 2,606,560 |  |  | $ | 2,207,229 |  |  | $ | 1,420,881 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 1,787,879 |  |  |  | 1,618,106 |  |  |  | 1,133,186 |
Gross profit |  |  | 818,681 |  |  |  | 589,123 |  |  |  | 287,695 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | 300,396 |  |  |  | 256,218 |  |  |  | 178,936 |
Operating income |  |  | 518,285 |  |  |  | 332,905 |  |  |  | 108,759 |
Interest expense |  |  | 3,276 |  |  |  | 3,245 |  |  |  | 3,813 |
Interest income |  |  | (18,253 | ) |  |  | (733 | ) |  |  | (565 | )
Other income |  |  | (634 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (5,889 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 533,896 |  |  |  | 330,429 |  |  |  | 111,400 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 132,094 |  |  |  | 82,385 |  |  |  | 26,501 |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |  |  | $ | 84,899 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 7.05 |  |  | $ | 4.37 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |
Diluted |  | $ | 7.00 |  |  | $ | 4.33 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-7

Skyline Champion Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands)

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |  |  | $ | 84,899 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (6,527 | ) |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 5,235 |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 395,275 |  |  | $ | 248,360 |  |  | $ | 90,134 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-8

Skyline Champion Corporation

Consolidated Statem ents of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |  |  | $ | 84,899 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 26,726 |  |  |  | 20,936 |  |  |  | 17,704 |
Equity-based compensation |  |  | 14,160 |  |  |  | 9,777 |  |  |  | 6,037 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 1,127 |  |  |  | 3,019 |  |  |  | 3,588 |
Amortization of deferred financing fees |  |  | 357 |  |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 506 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant, and equipment |  |  | (129 | ) |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | (61 | )
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain) |  |  | 828 |  |  |  | (83 | ) |  |  | (519 | )
Change in assets and liabilities, net of business acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 23,090 |  |  |  | (32,854 | ) |  |  | (9,305 | )
Inventories |  |  | 49,196 |  |  |  | (75,019 | ) |  |  | (31,030 | )
Other assets |  |  | (11,930 | ) |  |  | (28,217 | ) |  |  | 967 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (49,082 | ) |  |  | 34,824 |  |  |  | 16,371 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (39,920 | ) |  |  | 42,750 |  |  |  | 64,740 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 416,225 |  |  |  | 224,479 |  |  |  | 153,897 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to property, plant, and equipment |  |  | (52,244 | ) |  |  | (31,979 | ) |  |  | (8,016 | )
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  | (6,810 | ) |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  | (52,548 | )
Cash paid for equity method investment |  |  | (2,500 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from life insurance policies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,829 |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant, and equipment |  |  | 375 |  |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | 1,927 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (61,179 | ) |  |  | (31,967 | ) |  |  | (56,808 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in floor plan financing, net |  |  | (35,460 | ) |  |  | 9,728 |  |  |  | (8,181 | )
Payments on revolving debt facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26,900 | ) |  |  | (38,000 | )
Payments for deferred financing fees |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,130 | ) |  |  | — |
Stock option exercises |  |  | 2,473 |  |  |  | 1,405 |  |  |  | 55 |
Tax payments for equity-based compensation |  |  | (4,032 | ) |  |  | (3,039 | ) |  |  | (1,687 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (37,019 | ) |  |  | (19,936 | ) |  |  | (47,813 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | (5,987 | ) |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 3,850 |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | 312,040 |  |  |  | 172,832 |  |  |  | 53,126 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 435,413 |  |  |  | 262,581 |  |  |  | 209,455 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 747,453 |  |  | $ | 435,413 |  |  | $ | 262,581 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 2,938 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | 3,574 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 143,600 |  |  | $ | 73,831 |  |  | $ | 17,540 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-9

Skyline Champion Corporation

Consolidated State ments of Equity

(Dollars and shares in thousands)

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at March 28, 2020 |  |  | 56,665 |  |  | $ | 1,570 |  |  | $ | 485,552 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | (12,759 | ) |  | $ | 474,315 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 84,899 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 84,899 |
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (245 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (245 | )
Equity-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,037 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,037 |
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | (1,708 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,630 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,235 |  |  |  | 5,235 |
Balance at April 3, 2021 |  |  | 56,640 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | 491,668 |  |  | $ | 82,898 |  |  | $ | (7,524 | ) |  | $ | 568,611 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248,044 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248,044 |
Equity-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,777 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,777 |
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 1,401 |  |  |  | (3,040 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,635 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 316 |
Balance at April 2, 2022 |  |  | 56,838 |  |  | $ | 1,573 |  |  | $ | 502,846 |  |  | $ | 327,902 |  |  | $ | (7,208 | ) |  | $ | 825,113 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 401,802 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 401,802 |
Equity-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,160 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,160 |
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 2,473 |  |  |  | (4,032 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,547 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,527 | ) |  |  | (6,527 | )
Balance at April 1, 2023 |  |  | 57,108 |  |  | $ | 1,585 |  |  | $ | 519,479 |  |  | $ | 725,672 |  |  | $ | (13,735 | ) |  | $ | 1,233,001 |

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss at April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 consisted solely of foreign currency translation adjustments.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-10

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations: The Company’s operations consist of manufacturing, retail, construction services, and transportation activities. At April 1, 2023, the Company operated 38 manufacturing facilities throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and five manufacturing facilities in western Canada that primarily construct factory-built, timber-framed manufactured and modular houses that are sold primarily to independent retailers, builders/developers, and manufactured home community operators. The Company’s retail operations consist of 31 sales centers that sell manufactured houses to consumers throughout the U.S. The Company’s transportation business engages independent owners/drivers to transport recreational vehicles throughout the U.S. and Canada and manufactured houses in certain regions of the U.S. The Company also has a holding company located in the Netherlands.

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“US. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. Estimates made in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, business combinations, reserves for obsolete inventory, accrued warranty costs, useful lives of fixed and intangible assets, asset impairment analyses, insurance reserves, legal reserves, repurchase reserves, share-based compensation and deferred tax valuation allowances. Actual results could differ from those estimates, making it reasonably possible that a change in these estimates could occur within one year.

Fiscal Year: The Company’s fiscal year is a 52- or 53-week period that ends on the Saturday nearest March 31. Fiscal 2023 and 2022 include the 52-weeks ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, respectively. Fiscal 2021 includes the 53-weeks ended April 3, 2021.

Revenue Recognition: Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied which generally occurs at a point in time through the transfer of control of promised goods to the Company's customers. Control transfers once a customer has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the product. This includes the transfer of legal title, physical possession, the risks and rewards of ownership, and customer acceptance. Sales revenue is reported net of applicable sales tax. See Note 8, Revenue Recognition, for additional information.

Cost of Sales: Cost of sales includes manufacturing costs such as: (i) materials; (ii) compensation and employee benefits for direct and indirect labor; (iii) fixed and variable manufacturing overhead costs; (iv) warranty costs; (v) inbound delivery costs; and (vi) depreciation of buildings and equipment. Manufacturing overhead costs include costs such as: (i) utilities; (ii) workers’ compensation and product liability self-insurance; (iii) real and personal property taxes on buildings and equipment; (iv) manufacturing supplies; (v) repairs and maintenance; and (vi) rents and leases for buildings and equipment. Cost of sales also includes certain post-manufacturing costs, to the extent such costs are the Company’s responsibility. Post-manufacturing costs may include delivery and setup, foundations, craning, roofing, exterior cladding, interior finishing, utility connections and other miscellaneous site costs. Generally, subcontractors are engaged to perform post-manufacturing activities.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general, and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) include costs such as (i) salaries, wages, incentives and employee benefits for executive, management, sales, engineering, accounting, information technology (“IT”) and administrative employees; (ii) sales commissions; (iii) marketing and advertising costs; (iv) legal and professional fees; (v) depreciation, rents and leases for administrative facilities, office equipment, IT equipment and computer software; and (vi) postage, office supplies, travel and telephone expenses.

Advertising Costs and Delivery Costs and Revenue: Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Total advertising expense was approximately $3.6 million, $1.8 million, and $1.7 million for fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Delivery costs are included in cost of sales and delivery revenue is included in net sales.

Foreign Currency: Translation adjustments of the Company’s international subsidiaries for which the local currency is the functional currency are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.

F air Value: The Company estimates the fair value of its financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, which establishes a fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. As such, the fair value of financial instruments is estimated using available market information and other valuation methods.

F-11

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the inputs and assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

•
Level 1—Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
•
Level 2—Fair value determined using significant observable inputs, generally either quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities or quoted prices in markets that are not active.
•
Level 3—Fair value determined using significant observable inputs, such as pricing models, discounted cash flows, or similar techniques.

The Company records accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities at cost. The carrying value of these instruments approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that have original maturities less than 90 days at the time of their purchase. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates market value because of their short maturities.

Allowance for Credit Losses: The Company extends credit terms on a customer-by-custo mer basis in the normal course of business and, as such, trade accounts receivable are subject to customary credit risk. The Company’s allowance for credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost reflects management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining expected life of such assets, measured primarily using historical experience, as well as current economic conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Expected credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as changes to expected credit losses during the period, are recognized in earnings. At both April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, accounts receivable were reflected net of reserves of $1.7 million.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined under the first-in, first-out method. Capitalized manufacturing costs include the cost of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Retail inventories of new manufactured homes built by the Company are valued at manufacturing cost, including materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, or net purchase price if acquired from unaffiliated third parties.

Property, Plant, and Equipment: Property, plant, and equipment are stated at acquisition date cost. Depreciation is provided principally on the straight-line method, generally over the following estimated useful lives: land improvements—3 to 10 years; buildings and improvements—8 to 25 years; and vehicles and machinery and equipment—3 to 8 years.

At April 1, 2023, the Company owned or leased eight i dle manufacturing facilities. The net book value of idle facilities was $10.5 million at April 1, 2023. These properties are accounted for as long-lived assets to be held and used.

It is the Company’s policy to evaluate the recoverability of property, plant, and equipment whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators exist, the Company performs the required impairment analysis by comparing the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the long-lived assets to the related net book values. If the net book value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is measured and recognized. An impairment loss is measured as the difference between the net book value and the fair value of the long-lived assets. Fair value is estimated based upon a combination of market and cost approaches, as appropriate. No impairment losses were recorded in fiscal 2023, 2022, or 2021.

Leases: The Company has operating leases for land, manufacturing and office facilities, and equipment. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such option. The Company's leases do not contain material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. The Company has elected not to recognize any right of use asset or lease liability for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less and has elected not to separate lease and non-lease components.

The discount rate used to measure a lease obligation should be the rate implicit in the lease; however, the Company’s operating leases generally do not provide an implicit rate. Accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to determine the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is an entity-specific rate which represents the rate of interest a lessee would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term with similar payments.

Assets held for sale: Long-lived assets expected to be sold or otherwise disposed of within one year are classified as assets held for sale and included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company had no assets classified as held for sale at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022.

Goodwill: The Company tests goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 350. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on at least an annual basis. Impairment testing is required more often than annually if an event or circumstance indicates

F-12

that an impairment is more likely than not to have occurred. In conducting its annual impairment testing, the Company may first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If not, no further goodwill impairment testing is required. If it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company elects not to perform a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit, the Company then compares the fair value of the reporting unit to the related net book value. If the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is measured and recognized.

In fiscal 2023, the Company performed qualitative assessments of its reporting units. The annual assessment was completed on the first day of fiscal March. The assessment indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying value. The Company does not believe that any reporting units are at risk for impairment.

Business combinations: The Company accounts for its business combinations in accordance with the accounting guidance in ASC 805. The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to its identifiable assets and liabilities based on estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment, the utilization of independent appraisal firms and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions with respect to the timing and amount of future cash flows, market rate assumptions, actuarial assumptions, and appropriate discount rates, among other items. In May 2022, the Company acquired certain operating assets from Manis Custom Builders, Inc. ("Manis"). In July 2022, the Company acquired 12 Factory Expo retail sales centers from Alta Cima Corporation. The purchase price and net assets acquired for both transactions were not material to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Amortizable Intangible Assets: Amortizable intangible assets consist primarily of fair values assigned to customer relationships and trade names. Trade names were valued based upon the relief-from-royalty method and customer relationships were valued based upon the multi-period excess earnings method. Amortization is provided over the useful lives of the intangible assets, generally up to ten years, using the straight-line method. The recoverability of amortizable intangible assets is evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recovered, in accordance with the recognition and measurement provisions of ASC 360.

Unconsolidated affiliates: The Company analyzes its investments in non-wholly owned subsidiaries to determine whether they are unconsolidated affiliates, consolidated affiliates, or variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary in accordance with ASC 810 Consolidation. If the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary, it must consolidate the VIE. In determining whether it is the primary beneficiary, the Company considers whether it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance. The Company also considers whether it has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE. The Company uses the equity method to account for its investment in a variable interest entity made in fiscal 2023 in which the Company is not deemed to be th e primary beneficiary. The Company's net investment in its unconsolidated affiliate was $2.5 million at April 1, 2023.

Warranty Obligations: The Company’s manufactured housing operations generally provides the homebuyer with an assurance warranty from the date of respective purchase. Estimated warranty costs are accrued as cost of sales at the time of sale. Warranty provisions and reserves are based on estimates of the amounts necessary to settle existing and future claims on homes sold by the manufacturing segment as of the balance sheet date. Factors used to calculate the warranty obligation include the estimated number of homes still under warranty, the timing of workorder completion, and the historical average costs incurred to service a home.

Dealer Volume Rebates: The Company’s manufacturing operations sponsors volume rebate programs under which sales to retailers and builder/developers can qualify for cash rebates generally based on the level of sales attained during a twelve-month period. Volume rebates are accrued at the time of sale and are recorded as a reduction of net sales.

Repurchase Agreements: The Company is contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with lending institutions that provide wholesale floor plan financing to retailers. These arrangements, which are customary in the industry, provide for the repurchase of products sold to retailers in the event of default by the retailer on their agreement to pay the financial institution. The risk of loss from these agreements is spread over numerous retailers. The repurchase price is generally determined by the original sales price of the product less contractually defined curtailment payments. The Company accounts for the guarantee under its repurchase agreements with the retailers’ financing institutions by estimating and deferring a portion of the related product sale that represents the estimated fair value of the guarantee.

Accrued Self-Insurance: The Company is self-insured for a significant portion of its workers’ compensation, general and product liability, auto liability, health, and property insurance. Insurance coverage is maintained for catastrophic exposures and those risks required to be insured by law. Estimated self-insurance costs are accrued for incurred claims and estimated claims incurred but not yet reported. At April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, the Company had gross reserves for estimated losses related to workers’ compensation obligations of $23.8 million and $19.8 million, respectively. The Company also recorded expected reimbursements for

F-13

the portion of those losses above respective program limits of $11.0 millio n and $7.4 million at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, respectively.

Equity-Based Compensation: Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally recognized as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Forfeitures are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Comprehensive Income and Loss: Components of comprehensive income and loss are changes in equity other than those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The aggregate amount of such changes to equity that have not yet been recognized in net income or loss are reported in the equity section of the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax.

Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is primarily dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. In determining the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns, judgment is required.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption: There were no accounting standards recently issued that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

2.
Inventories, net

The components of inventory, net of reserves for obsolete inventory, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 100,379 |  |  | $ | 141,238 |
Work in process |  |  | 23,157 |  |  |  | 26,523 |
Finished goods and other |  |  | 78,702 |  |  |  | 73,573 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 202,238 |  |  | $ | 241,334 |

At April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, reserves for obsolete inventory were $7.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

3.
Property, Plant, and Equipment

The components of property, plant, and equipment were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Land and improvements |  | $ | 41,749 |  |  | $ | 39,815 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 119,226 |  |  |  | 104,085 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 91,007 |  |  |  | 69,518 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 30,010 |  |  |  | 10,280 |
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost |  |  | 281,992 |  |  |  | 223,698 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (104,867 | ) |  |  | (90,713 | )
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | 177,125 |  |  | $ | 132,985 |

Depreciation expense for the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 was $16.1 million, $13.4 million, and $12.1 million, respectively.

4.
Goodwill, Intangible Assets, and Cloud Computing Arrangements

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. At April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, the Company had goodwill of $196.6 million and $192.0 million, respectively. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units included in the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment, which include the Company’s U.S. manufacturing and retail operations. The change in the goodwill balance for fiscal 2023 was the result of acquisitions during the period. At April 1, 2023 there are no accumulated impairment losses related to goodwill.

F-14

Intangible Assets

The components of amortizable intangible assets were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
|  | Customer Relationships & Other |  |  | Trade Names |  |  | Total |  |  | Customer Relationships & Other |  |  | Trade Names |  |  | Total |
Gross carrying amount |  | $ | 66,013 |  |  | $ | 21,497 |  |  | $ | 87,510 |  |  | $ | 61,986 |  |  | $ | 21,419 |  |  | $ | 83,405 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (32,103 | ) |  |  | (10,064 | ) |  |  | (42,167 | ) |  |  | (23,819 | ) |  |  | (8,303 | ) |  |  | (32,122 | )
Amortizable intangibles, net |  | $ | 33,910 |  |  | $ | 11,433 |  |  | $ | 45,343 |  |  | $ | 38,167 |  |  | $ | 13,116 |  |  | $ | 51,283 |
Weighted average remaining amortization period, in years |  |  | 5.4 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  |  | 6.9 |  |  |  | 6.8 |

Amortization of intangible assets for the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 was $10.6 million, $7.6 million, and $5.6 million respectively. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets over the next five years is estimated to be (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2024 |  | $ | 8,613 |
Fiscal 2025 |  |  | 7,388 |
Fiscal 2026 |  |  | 7,388 |
Fiscal 2027 |  |  | 7,346 |
Fiscal 2028 |  |  | 7,317 |

Cloud Computing Arrangements

The Company capitalizes costs associated with the development of cloud computing arrangements in a manner consistent with internally developed software. At April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, the Company had capitalized cloud computing costs of $25.0 million and $20.5 million, respectively. Cloud computing costs are included in other noncurrent assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of capitalized cloud computing costs was $0.8 million and $0.2 million for the fiscal year ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022.

5.
Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Customer deposits |  | $ | 69,285 |  |  | $ | 67,396 |
Accrued volume rebates |  |  | 25,084 |  |  |  | 23,505 |
Accrued warranty obligations |  |  | 28,576 |  |  |  | 25,806 |
Accrued compensation and payroll taxes |  |  | 41,422 |  |  |  | 64,888 |
Accrued insurance |  |  | 15,075 |  |  |  | 13,569 |
Other |  |  | 24,773 |  |  |  | 27,329 |
Total other current liabilities |  | $ | 204,215 |  |  | $ | 222,493 |

6.
Accrued Warranty Obligations

Changes in the accrued warranty obligations were as follows:

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Balance at the beginning of the period |  | $ | 32,832 |  |  | $ | 30,469 |
Warranty expense |  |  | 54,021 |  |  |  | 43,314 |
Cash warranty payments |  |  | (50,892 | ) |  |  | (40,951 | )
Balance at end of period |  |  | 35,961 |  |  |  | 32,832 |
Less noncurrent portion in other long-term liabilities |  |  | (7,385 | ) |  |  | (7,026 | )
Total current portion |  | $ | 28,576 |  |  | $ | 25,806 |

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7.
Debt and Floor Plan Payable

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Obligations under industrial revenue bonds due 2029 |  | $ | 12,430 |  |  | $ | 12,430 |
Revolving credit facility maturing in 2026 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 12,430 |  |  | $ | 12,430 |

On July 7, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with a syndicate of banks that provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $200.0 million, including a $45.0 million letter of credit sub-facility (“Amended Credit Agreement”). The Amended Credit Agreement replaced the Company’s previously existing $100.0 million revolving credit facility. Outstanding borrowings of $26.9 million on the Company’s previous revolving credit facility were repaid in July 2021. The Amended Credit Agreement allows the Company to draw down, repay and re-draw loans on the available funds during the term, subject to certain terms and conditions, matures in July 2026 and has no scheduled amortization. The Company capitalized $1.1 million of deferred financing fees associated with the Amended Credit Agreement, which is included in other noncurrent assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company wrote off $0.3 million of deferred financing fees associated with the previously existing credit facility, which is included in interest expense, net in fiscal 2022.

The interest rate on borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement is based on either LIBOR, or SOFR plus a Replacement Rate, plus an interest rate spread. The interest rate spread adjusts based on the consolidated total net leverage of the Company from a high of 1.875% when the consolidated total net leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 2.25:1.00, to a low of 1.125% when the consolidated total net leverage ratio is below 0.50:1.00. Alternatively for same day borrowings, the interest rate is based on ABR plus an interest rate spread that ranges from a high of 0.875% to a low of 0.125% based on the consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay an unused line fee ranging between 0.15% and 0.3% depending on the consolidated total net leverage ratio, in respect of unused commitments under the Amended Credit Agreement. At April 1, 2023 the interest rate under the Credit Agreement was 6.04% and letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement totaled $32.1 million. Total available borrowings under the Credit Agreement were $167.9 million.

Obligations under industrial revenue bonds are supported by letters of credit and bear interest based on a municipal bond index rate. The weighted-average interest rate at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, including related costs and fees, was 5.76% and 2.18%, respectively. The industrial revenue bonds require lump-sum payments of principal upon maturity in 2029 and are secured by the assets of certain manufacturing facilities.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains covenants that restrict the amount of additional debt, liens and certain payments, including equity buybacks, investments, dispositions, mergers and consolidations, among other restrictions as defined. The Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement as of April 1, 2023.

Floor Plan Payable

The Company’s retail operations historically utilized floor plan financing to fund the acquisition of manufactured homes for display or resale. At April 2, 2022, the Company had outstanding borrowings on floor plan financing agreements of $35.5 million. All outstanding borrowings were repaid in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and there were no outstanding borrowings at April 1, 2023. The financing arrangements allow for borrowings up to $43.0 million. Borrowings are secured by the homes and are required to be repaid when the Company sells the home to a customer.

8.
Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied which generally occurs with the transfer of control of products. The Company enters into contracts with its customers to provide manufactured homes, modular homes, park model RVs, ADUs, commercial structures and transportation services. Generally, the Company’s contracts may be terminated by the Company’s customers at any time prior to initiation of construction of the respective home. Historically, terminations of these contracts have been minimal. The Company receives signed sales quotes from its customers, which provide the terms for a specific home, including price. The Company also has agreements with certain customers that provide for certain variable consideration, such as volume discounts, that are deducted from the contract price and accrued at the time of sale. In certain situations, the Company may receive payment in advance of completion of its contractual obligations. In these situations, the arising contract liability is classified within customer deposits and receipts in excess of revenues. Following the receipt of the customer deposit, the Company typically completes its performance obligation within a twelve-month period.

F-16

For sales to independent wholesale customers, revenue is recognized at the point in time when wholesale floor plan financing or retailer credit approval has been received, the home has shipped and title has transferred, which occurs when the Company has satisfied its contractual obligations and the control of its products has been transferred. The Company does not have an enforceable right to payment prior to shipment. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products. The Company’s customers pay for products received in accordance with payment terms that are customary within the industry. As is customary in the factory-built housing industry, a significant portion of the Company’s sales to independent retailers are financed under floor plan financing programs with certain third-party lenders. Floor plan financing arrangements are generally identified prior to shipment of products and payment for sales financed under floor plan programs is generally received 5 to 10 business days from the date of invoice.

For retail sales to consumers from Company-owned retail sales centers, revenue is recognized when the home has been delivered, set up and accepted by the consumer, and title has transferred.

The Company recognizes revenue and related cost of sales for long-term construction contracts (“Commercial”) over time as performance obligations are satisfied using the percentage-of-completion method (input method). Management estimates the stage of completion on each construction project based on progress and costs incurred. Unbilled revenue on long-term construction contracts are classified as a contract asset in accounts receivable. Receipts in excess of billings are classified as contract liabilities and included in other current liabilities. At April 2, 2022 uncollected billings related to long-term construction contracts totaled $1.4 million. There were no uncollected billings related to long-term construction contracts at April 1, 2023 and no unbilled revenue or receipts in excess of billings for long-term contracts at either April 1, 2023 or April 2, 2022.

Revenue for the Company’s transportation operations is recognized when a shipment has been delivered to its final destination. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling costs are included in net sales. Shipping and handling costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of sales.

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s revenue by sales category:

|  | Year ended April 1, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | U.S. Factory-Built Housing |  |  | Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | Corporate/ Other |  |  | Total |
Manufacturing and retail |  | $ | 2,409,994 |  |  | $ | 144,289 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,554,283 |
Commercial |  |  | 1,348 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,348 |
Transportation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,929 |  |  |  | 50,929 |
Total |  | $ | 2,411,342 |  |  | $ | 144,289 |  |  | $ | 50,929 |  |  | $ | 2,606,560 |
|  | Year ended April 2, 2022 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | U.S. Factory-Built Housing |  |  | Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | Corporate/ Other |  |  | Total |
Manufacturing and retail |  | $ | 1,980,794 |  |  | $ | 159,124 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,139,918 |
Commercial |  |  | 10,272 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,272 |
Transportation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 57,039 |  |  |  | 57,039 |
Total |  | $ | 1,991,066 |  |  | $ | 159,124 |  |  | $ | 57,039 |  |  | $ | 2,207,229 |
|  | Year ended April 3, 2021 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | U.S. Factory-Built Housing |  |  | Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | Corporate/ Other |  |  | Total |
Manufacturing and retail |  | $ | 1,254,505 |  |  | $ | 101,328 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,355,833 |
Commercial |  |  | 11,803 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,803 |
Transportation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53,245 |  |  |  | 53,245 |
Total |  | $ | 1,266,308 |  |  | $ | 101,328 |  |  | $ | 53,245 |  |  | $ | 1,420,881 |

F-17

9.
Leases

The Company has operating leases for land, manufacturing and office facilities, and equipment. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such option. The Company's leases do not contain material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Lease expense included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations is shown below:

|  | Year ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Operating lease expense |  | $ | 7,237 |  |  | $ | 6,621 |
Short-term lease expense |  |  | 2,543 |  |  |  | 1,197 |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 9,780 |  |  | $ | 7,818 |

Operating lease assets and obligations included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet are shown below:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Right-of-use assets under operating leases: |  |  |  |  |  |
Other long-term assets |  | $ | 30,290 |  |  | $ | 11,171 |
Lease obligations under operating leases: |  |  |  |  |  |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 6,917 |  |  |  | 4,618 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 23,373 |  |  |  | 6,553 |
Total lease obligation |  | $ | 30,290 |  |  | $ | 11,171 |

Maturities of operating lease obligations as of April 1, 2023 are shown below:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |
Fiscal 2024 |  | $ | 8,675 |
Fiscal 2025 |  |  | 8,018 |
Fiscal 2026 |  |  | 7,093 |
Fiscal 2027 |  |  | 6,586 |
Fiscal 2028 |  |  | 4,052 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,292 |
Total undiscounted cash flows |  |  | 35,716 |
Less: imputed interest |  |  | (5,426 | )
Lease obligations under operating leases |  | $ | 30,290 |

The weighted average lease term and discount rate for operating leases are shown below:

|  | April 1, 2023 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  | 4.8 |
Weighted average discount rate (as percent) |  |  | 6.7 |

Other information related to leases is as follows:

|  | Year ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
Non-cash activity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations |  | $ | 19,908 |  |  | $ | 4,817 |
Operating cash flows: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid related to operating lease obligations |  | $ | 7,305 |  |  | $ | 6,643 |

F-18

10.
Income Taxes

Pretax income for the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 was attributable to the following tax jurisdictions:

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Domestic |  | $ | 499,715 |  |  | $ | 300,675 |  |  | $ | 92,832 |
Foreign |  |  | 34,181 |  |  |  | 29,754 |  |  |  | 18,568 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 533,896 |  |  | $ | 330,429 |  |  | $ | 111,400 |

The income tax provision by jurisdiction for the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021 was as follows:

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal |  | $ | 98,242 |  |  | $ | 55,983 |  |  | $ | 13,094 |
Foreign |  |  | 8,560 |  |  |  | 7,907 |  |  |  | 4,738 |
State |  |  | 24,000 |  |  |  | 15,476 |  |  |  | 5,081 |
Total current |  | $ | 130,802 |  |  | $ | 79,366 |  |  | $ | 22,913 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 2,367 |  |  | $ | 2,853 |
Foreign |  |  | 1,440 |  |  |  | 1,118 |  |  |  | 851 |
State |  |  | (226 | ) |  |  | (466 | ) |  |  | (116 | )
Total deferred |  | $ | 1,292 |  |  | $ | 3,019 |  |  | $ | 3,588 |
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 132,094 |  |  | $ | 82,385 |  |  | $ | 26,501 |

Income tax expense differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes as a result of the following differences:

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Tax expense at U.S federal statutory rate |  | $ | 112,118 |  |  | $ | 69,390 |  |  | $ | 23,394 |
Increase (decrease) in rate resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit |  | $ | 18,956 |  |  | $ | 11,908 |  |  | $ | 3,969 |
Foreign tax rate differences |  |  | 1,566 |  |  |  | 1,417 |  |  |  | 900 |
Recognition of foreign investment basis difference |  |  | 1,249 |  |  |  | 1,076 |  |  |  | 616 |
Change in deferred tax valuation allowance |  |  | (703 | ) |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 1,343 |
U.S. tax credits |  |  | (2,694 | ) |  |  | (2,296 | ) |  |  | (3,096 | )
Other |  |  | 1,602 |  |  |  | 701 |  |  |  | (625 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 132,094 |  |  | $ | 82,385 |  |  | $ | 26,501 |

The U.S. income tax rate for fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021 was 21%.

F-19

Deferred tax assets and liabilities at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022 consisted of the following:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Warranty reserves |  | $ | 8,889 |  |  | $ | 8,043 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 8,763 |  |  |  | 9,833 |
Lease assets |  |  | 7,487 |  |  |  | 2,774 |
Employee compensation |  |  | 7,320 |  |  |  | 12,042 |
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards |  |  | 6,343 |  |  |  | 6,470 |
Self-insurance reserves |  |  | 5,851 |  |  |  | 5,396 |
Equity-based compensation |  |  | 3,258 |  |  |  | 2,206 |
Dealer volume discounts |  |  | 2,749 |  |  |  | 2,077 |
Inventory reserves and impairments |  |  | 2,599 |  |  |  | 1,750 |
Other |  |  | 3,987 |  |  |  | 6,032 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  | $ | 57,246 |  |  | $ | 56,623 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment |  | $ | 13,367 |  |  | $ | 9,901 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 7,487 |  |  |  | 2,774 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 5,974 |  |  |  | 7,834 |
Foreign tax basis difference in investments |  |  | 5,964 |  |  |  | 5,124 |
Other |  |  | 958 |  |  |  | 5,623 |
Gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 33,750 |  |  |  | 31,256 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (12,038 | ) |  |  | (12,741 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 11,458 |  |  | $ | 12,626 |

The Company anticipates periodically repatriating the earnings of its Netherlands and Canadian subsidiaries. A deferred tax liability is recognized for income tax withholding which may be incurred upon the reversal of basis differences in investments in its foreign subsidiaries.

The Company periodically evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets based on whether it is “more likely than not” that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our evaluation considers available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. The Company’s valuation allowance principally consists of valuation allowances for certain state NOL carryforwards, certain Canadian deferred tax assets, and the Company’s deferred tax assets in the Netherlands.

As of April 1, 2023, the Company has state NOL carryforwards in various jurisdictions which expire primarily in 2023 through 2042.

Unrecognized tax benefits represent the differences between tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return and the benefits recognized for financial statement purposes. There were no unrecognized tax benefits at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022.

The Company is no longer subject to foreign tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to fiscal 2019. The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for fiscal 2020 through fiscal 2023, and U.S. state tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal 2019 through fiscal 2023.

11.
Equity-Based Compensation

The Company has equity incentive plans under which the Company has been authorized to grant share-based awards to key employees and non-employee directors. Equity-based compensation expense of $14.2 million, $9.8 million, and $6.0 million, was recognized in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Equity-based compensation expense is included in SG&A expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The total associated income tax benefit recognized was $3.3 million, $2.8 million, and $1.0 million in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Total unrecognized equity-based compensation for all share-based awards was $29.8 million at April 1, 2023, of which $13.1 million is expected to be recognized in fiscal 2024, $10.4 million in fiscal 2025, and $6.3 million thereafter, or a weighted-average period of 1.77 ye ars.

F-20

Time-Vesting and Performance-Vesting Restricted Share Awards

The Company granted awards to its officers, management employees, and certain members of the Board of Managers under an equity-classified management incentive plan (the “MIP”). In accordance with the provisions of the MIP, as modified on June 1, 2018, unvested units granted under the MIP were exchanged for unregistered, time-vesting restricted shares and performance-vesting restricted shares of the Company subject to stock restriction agreements (the “SRAs”). The exchange was accounted for as a modification. The fair value of the awards that vested during fiscal 2021 was $4.2 million.

A summary of the activity associated with these awards is as follows, there was no activity in fiscal 2022 or 2023.

(amounts in thousands) |  | Time Based Restricted Share Awards |
Outstanding at March 28, 2020 |  |  | 145 |
Vested |  |  | (145 | )
Outstanding at April 3, 2021 |  |  | — |

On September 26, 2018, the Company’s shareholders approved the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”) which provides for grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted stock and stock units, performance awards, and other awards convertible into or otherwise based on shares of the Company’s common stock. General terms and methods of valuation for the Company’s share-based awards granted under the Equity Plan are described below.

Stock Options

Stock options generally have terms of 10 years, with one-third of each grant vesting each year for three years, and are assigned an exercise price that is equal to or greater than the closing market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. When determining expected volatility, the Company considered volatility of guideline public companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant, based on the options’ expected term. The expected term of the options is based on the time period to exercise for each vesting tranche, which is calculated based on the average of: (i) the full option contractual term; and (ii) the starting vest date. There were no stock options granted in fiscal 2023. A summary of the activity associated with these awards is as follows:

|  | Shares (in thousands) |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Term (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Outstanding at March 28, 2020 |  |  | 403 |  |  | $ | 26.29 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 138 |  |  | $ | 31.21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (5 | ) |  | $ | 15.00 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at April 3, 2021 |  |  | 536 |  |  | $ | 27.50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | 53.06 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (61 | ) |  | $ | 25.04 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures |  |  | (1 | ) |  | $ | 31.68 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at April 2, 2022 |  |  | 487 |  |  | $ | 28.50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (89 | ) |  | $ | 27.64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at April 1, 2023 |  |  | 398 |  |  | $ | 28.68 |  |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 18,525 |
Vested and expected to vest at April 1, 2023 |  |  | 398 |  |  | $ | 28.68 |  |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 18,525 |
Exercisable at April 1, 2023 |  |  | 343 |  |  | $ | 27.97 |  |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | $ | 16,223 |

F-21

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model along with the weighted average grant date fair value for awards granted in the periods presented are as follows:

Option Award Assumptions |  | Fiscal 2022 |  |  | Fiscal 2021 |
Weighted-average assumptions used: |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected volatility |  |  | 50.0 | % |  |  | 45.0 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.0 | % |  |  | 0.5 | %
Expected term, in years |  |  | 6.00 |  |  |  | 6.00 |
Weighted average grant date fair value per share |  | $ | 25.29 |  |  | $ | 12.48 |

Performance Share Units

In fiscal 2023 and 2022, the Company issued performance share units that contain market vesting conditions, performance vesting conditions, and service conditions. The performance condition is based on the Company's market share of single family home completions ("SFC Market Share"). The SFC Market Share component of the awards are valued at the market price of a share of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The market condition is based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) compared to the median TSR of certain companies over a three year performance period. The Company used a Monte-Carlo simulation to determine the grant date fair value for the awards, which takes into consideration the possible outcomes pertaining to the TSR market condition. Per the terms of the awards, 0% to 200% of the Company’s performance share units vest on the third anniversary of the vesting commencement date based upon achievement of the performance and market conditions as specified in the performance share unit agreement. In fiscal 2021, the Company issued performance share units that contain market vesting conditions and service conditions. The market condition is based on the Company’s TSR compared to the median TSR of certain companies over a three year performance period. The Company used a Monte-Carlo simulation to determine the grant date fair value for the awards. Per the terms of the awards, 0% to 150% of the Company’s performance share units vest on the third anniversary of the vesting commencement date based upon achievement of the market condition as specified in the performance share unit agreement. A summary of the activity associated with these awards based on the maximum potential achievement is as follows:

|  | Shares (in thousands, |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit, |
|  | at maximum achievement) |  |  | (at maximum achievement) |
Outstanding at March 28, 2020 |  |  | 345 |  |  | $ | 9.23 |
Granted |  |  | 92 |  |  | $ | 18.92 |
Outstanding at April 3, 2021 |  |  | 437 |  |  | $ | 11.27 |
Granted |  |  | 188 |  |  | $ | 42.23 |
Vested |  |  | (84 | ) |  | $ | 6.38 |
Forfeitures |  |  | (134 | ) |  | $ | 3.01 |
Outstanding at April 2, 2022 |  |  | 407 |  |  | $ | 29.26 |
Granted |  |  | 254 |  |  | $ | 42.17 |
Vested |  |  | (128 | ) |  | $ | 33.22 |
Forfeitures |  |  | (3 | ) |  | $ | 35.88 |
Outstanding at April 1, 2023 |  |  | 530 |  |  | $ | 26.20 |

The assumptions used in the Monte-Carlo simulation for the performance condition of performance share units along with the weighted-average grant date fair value for awards granted in the periods presented are as follows:

Performance Unit Assumptions |  | Fiscal 2023 |  |  | Fiscal 2022 |  |  | Fiscal 2021 |
Weighted-average assumptions used: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected volatility |  |  | 57.6 | % |  |  | 54.8 | % |  |  | 50.0 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 3.7 | % |  |  | 1.1 | % |  |  | 2.0 | %
Expected term, in years |  |  | 3.00 |  |  |  | 2.98 |  |  |  | 3.00 |
Weighted average grant date fair value per share |  | $ | 84.34 |  |  | $ | 83.04 |  |  | $ | 28.38 |

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units are valued at the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. In general, these awards have graded vesting conditions in which a portion of awards vest ratably in three equal installments on the anniversary of

F-22

the vesting commencement date. The total fair value of restricted stock which vested was approximately $4.9 million, $8.0 million, and $2.5 million during fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value for restricted stock units granted in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021 wa s $61.92, $67.90, and $28.33, respectively.

(units and shares in thousands) |  | Restricted Stock Units |
Outstanding at March 30, 2019 |  | 194 |
Granted |  |  | 87 |
Forfeitures |  |  | (98 | )
Outstanding at April 3, 2021 |  |  | 183 |
Granted |  |  | 109 |
Vested |  |  | (126 | )
Forfeitures |  |  | (1 | )
Outstanding at April 2, 2022 |  |  | 165 |
Granted |  |  | 267 |
Vested |  |  | (91 | )
Forfeitures |  |  | (11 | )
Outstanding at April 1, 2023 |  |  | 330 |

12.
Earnings Per Share

Basic net income per share (“EPS”) attributable to the Company was computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Certain of the Company’s time-vesting restricted share awards are considered participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share is computed based on the more dilutive of: (i) the two-class method, assuming the participating securities are not exercised or converted; or (ii) the treasury stock method. During fiscal 2021, the two-class method was more dilutive. The two-class method was not applicable to the computation for fiscal 2023 or 2022 as the time-vested restricted share awards were fully vested and no longer considered participating securities.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |  |  | $ | 84,899 |
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (77 | )
Net income attributable to the Company's common shareholders |  | $ | 401,802 |  |  | $ | 248,044 |  |  | $ | 84,822 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 56,987 |  |  |  | 56,816 |  |  |  | 56,648 |
Dilutive securities |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 490 |  |  |  | 325 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 57,395 |  |  |  | 57,306 |  |  |  | 56,973 |
Basic net income per share: |  | $ | 7.05 |  |  | $ | 4.37 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |
Diluted net income per share: |  | $ | 7.00 |  |  | $ | 4.33 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |

Securities that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were considered antidilutive in the periods presented are shown below:

Type of security (in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Stock options |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 358 |
Restricted share units |  |  | - |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | - |
Performance share units |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | - |
Total dilutive securities |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 358 |

13.
Retirement Plans

The Company’s U.S. subsidiary sponsors a defined contribution savings plan covering most U.S. employees. Full-time employees covered by the plan are eligible to participate. Participating employees may contribute from 1% to 25% of their

F-23

compensation to the plan, with the Company matching 50% of the first 6% of pay contributed. The Company match vests after three years of employment or immediately for employees age 50 and over. The Company recognized expense o f $5.9 million, $4.2 million, and $2.6 million related to this plan during fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Full-time employees of the Company’s subsidiaries in Canada are generally covered by employer-sponsored defined contribution plans that require employee contributions and employer matching contributions. The Company recognized expense of $0.7 million in both fiscal 2023 and 2022 and $0.5 million in fiscal 2021.

14.
Segment Information

Financial results for the Company's reportable segments have been prepared using a management approach, which is consistent with the basis and manner in which financial information is evaluated by the Company's chief operating decision maker in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of the Company’s segment primarily based on net sales, before elimination of inter-company shipments, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and operating assets.

The Company operates in two reportable segments: (i) U.S. Factory-built Housing, which includes manufacturing and retail housing operations and (ii) Canadian Factory-built Housing. Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation operations, corporate costs directly incurred for all segments and intersegment eliminations. Segments are generally determined by geography. Segment data includes intersegment revenues and corporate office costs that are directly and exclusively incurred for each segment. Total assets for Corporate/Other primarily include cash and certain deferred tax items not specifically allocated to another segment.

F-24

Selected financial information by reportable segment was as follows:

|  | Year Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  | April 3, 2021 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing |  | $ | 2,411,342 |  |  | $ | 1,991,066 |  |  | $ | 1,266,308 |
Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | 144,289 |  |  |  | 159,124 |  |  |  | 101,328 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | 50,929 |  |  |  | 57,039 |  |  |  | 53,245 |
Consolidated net sales |  | $ | 2,606,560 |  |  | $ | 2,207,229 |  |  | $ | 1,420,881 |
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing EBITDA |  | $ | 558,988 |  |  | $ | 360,978 |  |  | $ | 142,699 |
Canadian Factory-built Housing EBITDA |  |  | 32,937 |  |  |  | 31,692 |  |  |  | 19,564 |
Corporate/Other EBITDA |  |  | (46,280 | ) |  |  | (38,793 | ) |  |  | (29,911 | )
Other income |  |  | (634 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (5,889 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (16,085 | ) |  |  | (13,384 | ) |  |  | (12,087 | )
Amortization |  |  | (10,641 | ) |  |  | (7,552 | ) |  |  | (5,617 | )
Consolidated operating income |  | $ | 518,285 |  |  | $ | 332,905 |  |  | $ | 108,759 |
Depreciation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing |  | $ | 13,624 |  |  | $ | 10,823 |  |  | $ | 9,620 |
Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | 1,228 |  |  |  | 1,111 |  |  |  | 860 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | 1,233 |  |  |  | 1,450 |  |  |  | 1,607 |
Consolidated depreciation |  | $ | 16,085 |  |  | $ | 13,384 |  |  | $ | 12,087 |
Amortization of U.S. Factory-built Housing intangible assets: |  | $ | 10,641 |  |  | $ | 7,552 |  |  | $ | 5,617 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing |  | $ | 47,328 |  |  | $ | 29,133 |  |  | $ | 6,261 |
Canadian Factory-built Housing |  |  | 4,189 |  |  |  | 1,419 |  |  |  | 1,034 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | 727 |  |  |  | 1,427 |  |  |  | 721 |
Consolidated capital expenditures |  | $ | 52,244 |  |  | $ | 31,979 |  |  | $ | 8,016 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | April 2, 2022 |  |  |  |
Total Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Factory-built Housing (1) |  | $ | 708,573 |  |  | $ | 695,500 |  |  |  |
Canadian Factory-built Housing (1) |  |  | 124,673 |  |  |  | 107,459 |  |  |  |
Corporate/Other (1) |  |  | 729,478 |  |  |  | 431,660 |  |  |  |
Consolidated total assets |  | $ | 1,562,724 |  |  | $ | 1,234,619 |  |  |  |

(1)
Deferred tax assets for the Canadian operations are reflected in the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment. U.S. deferred tax assets are presented in Corporate/Other because an allocation between segments is not practicable.

F-25

15.
Commitments, Contingencies, and Concentrations

Repurchase Contingencies and Guarantees

The Company is contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with lending institutions that provide wholesale floor plan financing to retailers. These arrangements, which are customary in the manufactured housing industry, provide for the repurchase of products sold to retailers in the event of default by the retailer on their agreement to pay the financial institution. The risk of loss from these agreements is significantly reduced by the potential resale value of any products that are subject to repurchase and is spread over numerous retailers. The repurchase price is generally determined by the original sales price of the product less contractually defined curtailment payments. Based on these repurchase agreements and our historical loss experience, we establish an associated loss reserve which was $2.5 million and $2.3 million at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, respectively. Excluding the resale value of the homes, the contingent repurchase obligation as of April 1, 2023 was estimated to be approximately $386.6 million. Losses incurred on homes repurchased were immaterial during each of the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023, April 2, 2022, and April 3, 2021.

At April 1, 2023, the Company was contingently obligated for approximately $32.1 million under letters of credit, primarily consisting of $12.6 million to support long-term debt, $19.2 million to support the casualty insurance program, and $0.3 million to support bonding agreements. The letters of credit are issued under a sub-facility of the Credit Agreement. The Company was also contingently obligated for $31.0 million under surety bonds, which generally support performance on long-term construction contracts and license and service bonding requirements.

The Company has received claims for damage related to water intrusion in homes built in one of its manufacturing facilities. The Company is investigating the cause of the damage and assessing its responsibility to remediate. While it is reasonably possible that the Company will receive future claims that could result in additional costs to repair that could be significant in the aggregate, the Company is unable to estimate the number of such claims or the amount or range of any potential losses associated with such claims at this time.

In the normal course of business, the Company’s former subsidiaries that operated in the United Kingdom historically provided certain guarantees to two customers. Those guarantees provide contractual liability for proven construction defects up to 12 years from the date of delivery of certain products. The guarantees remain a contingent liability of the Company which declines over time through October 2027. As of the date of this report, the Company expects few, if any, claims to be reported under the terms of the guarantees.

Legal Proceedings

The Company has agreed to indemnify counterparties in the ordinary course of its business in agreements to acquire and sell business assets and in financing arrangements. The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. As of the date of this filing, the Company believes the ultimate liability with respect to these contingent obligations will not have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Concentrations

The components and products used in the factory-built housing operations are presently available from a variety of vendors, and the Company is not dependent upon any single supplier. Prices of certain materials, such as lumber, insulation, steel and drywall, can fluctuate significantly due to changes in demand and supply. Additionally, availability of certain materials, such as drywall and insulation, has sometimes been limited, resulting in higher prices and/or the need to find alternative suppliers. The Company generally has been able to pass higher material costs on to its customers in the form of surcharges and price increases.

Sales from the Company's Canadian operations were approximately 6% of consolidated sales for fiscal 2023, and 7% in fiscal 2022, 2021. The Company’s net assets in Canada totaled approximately $124.7 million and $107.5 million at April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, respectively. The Company has approximately 7,700 employees. The Company’s manufacturing facilities in Canada employ approximately 750 workers, and most of the workers belong to trade associations that operate under collective bargaining agreements. There are five collective bargaining agreements (one for each Canadian manufacturing facility) and each have separate expiration dates. The agreements are set to expire at various dates between November 2023 and December 2025.

F-26

Skyline Champion Corporation

Sch edule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

(Dollars in millions)

|  | Balance at Beginning of Period |  |  | Additions |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Other |  |  | Balance at End of Period |
Fiscal Year Ended April 1, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1.7 |
Valuation allowance for deferred taxes |  |  | 12.7 |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 12.0 |
Fiscal Year Ended April 2, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1.7 |
Valuation allowance for deferred taxes |  |  | 12.6 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 12.7 |
Fiscal Year Ended April 3, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.4 |
Valuation allowance for deferred taxes |  |  | 11.2 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 12.6 |

F-27