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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by business segment are presented in the table below:
(in Millions)
FMC Agricultural
Solutions
 
FMC Health and Nutrition
 
FMC Lithium
 
Total
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
479.5

 
$
296.6

 
$

 
$
776.1

Acquisitions

 

 

 

  Purchase price allocation adjustments (See Note 3)
20.4

 

 

 
20.4

Foreign currency adjustments
1.5

 
0.6

 

 
2.1

Balance, September 30, 2016
$
501.4

 
$
297.2

 
$

 
$
798.6


We perform our goodwill and indefinite life intangible asset impairment tests at least annually. Our fiscal year 2016 annual goodwill and indefinite life intangible asset impairment test was performed during the three months ended September 30, 2016. As a result, we determined no goodwill impairment existed and that the fair value was substantially in excess of the carrying value for each of our goodwill reporting units.

Our intangible assets, other than goodwill, consist of the following:
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in Millions)
Gross
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (finite-lived)
Customer relationships
$
449.7

 
$
(56.2
)
 
$
393.5

 
$
435.5

 
$
(40.8
)
 
$
394.7

Patents
2.2

 
(0.4
)
 
1.8

 
2.2

 
(0.3
)
 
1.9

Brands (1)
15.7

 
(5.5
)
 
10.2

 
14.2

 
(2.7
)
 
11.5

Purchased and licensed technologies
72.2

 
(33.2
)
 
39.0

 
71.0

 
(29.5
)
 
41.5

Other intangibles
3.2

 
(2.3
)
 
0.9

 
3.5

 
(2.2
)
 
1.3

 
$
543.0

 
$
(97.6
)
 
$
445.4

 
$
526.4

 
$
(75.5
)
 
$
450.9


Intangible assets not subject to amortization (indefinite life)
Brands (1) (2)
$
402.3

 
 
 
$
402.3

 
$
384.7

 
 
 
$
384.7

In-process research & development
1.5

 
 
 
1.5

 
1.4

 
 
 
1.4

 
$
403.8

 
 
 
$
403.8

 
$
386.1

 
 
 
$
386.1

Total intangible assets
$
946.8

 
$
(97.6
)
 
$
849.2

 
$
912.5

 
$
(75.5
)
 
$
837.0


(1)     Represents brand portfolios, trademarks, trade names and know-how.
(2)
The majority of the Brands intangible asset in the table above relates to our proprietary brand portfolio for which the fair value was substantially in excess of the carrying value. During the 3rd quarter of 2016, we recorded a $1.0 million impairment charge in our generic brand portfolio which is part of the FMC Agricultural Solutions segment. The carrying value of the generic portfolio subsequent to the charge is approximately $6.0 million.

At September 30, 2016, the finite-lived and indefinite life intangibles were allocated among our business segments as follows:
(in Millions)
Finite-lived
 
Indefinite Life
FMC Agricultural Solutions
$
380.5

 
$
388.3

FMC Health and Nutrition
63.9

 
15.5

FMC Lithium
1.0

 

Total
$
445.4

 
$
403.8


 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
(in Millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Amortization expense
$
7.6

 
$
7.3

 
$
22.1

 
$
15.4


The estimated pre-tax amortization expense for fiscal year 2016 is $30 million and is estimated to be $30 million for each fiscal year from 2017 to 2020. The estimated pre-tax amortization expense may fluctuate due to changes in foreign currency.