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Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Principles of consolidation | The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Viasat, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned subsidiary, TrellisWare Technologies, Inc. (TrellisWare). All significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Investments in entities in which the Company can exercise significant influence, but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control, are accounted for using the equity method and are included as investment in unconsolidated affiliate in other assets (long-term) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. On May 30, 2023, the Company purchased all of the issued and outstanding shares of Connect Topco Limited, a private company limited by shares and incorporated in Guernsey (Inmarsat Holdings and, together with its subsidiaries, Inmarsat) in exchange for approximately $550.7 million in cash and 46.36 million shares of the Company’s common stock (the Inmarsat Acquisition). In connection with the closing of the Inmarsat Acquisition, the Company entered into a $616.7 million senior secured term loan facility (the 2023 Term Loan Facility) and a $733.4 million unsecured bridge loan facility (the Bridge Facility), which were fully drawn at closing. On September 28, 2023, the Bridge Facility was replaced with the 7.500% Senior Notes due 2031 (the 2031 Notes). See Note 4 – Acquisition and Note 8 – Senior Notes and Other Long-Term Debt for more information. The Inmarsat Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements include the operating results of Inmarsat from the date of acquisition. In connection with the closing of the Inmarsat Acquisition, the Company's certificate of incorporation was amended to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance from 100,000,000 to 200,000,000 as previously approved by the Company's stockholders at a special meeting held on June 21, 2022. On January 3, 2023, the Company completed the sale of certain assets and liabilities comprising the Company's Link-16 Tactical Data Links business (the Link-16 TDL Business), part of the Company's government systems segment, to L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (L3Harris) in exchange for approximately $1.96 billion in cash, subject to adjustments (the Link-16 TDL Sale). In accordance with the authoritative guidance for discontinued operations (Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20), the Company determined that the Link-16 TDL Business met held-for-sale and discontinued operations accounting criteria at the end of the second quarter of fiscal year 2023. Accordingly, the Company classified the results of the Link-16 TDL Business as discontinued operations in its condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022. Certain prior period quarterly amounts have been adjusted by an insignificant amount from the amounts previously reported in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, due to the determination that certain contracts could not be novated in connection with the closing of the Link-16 TDL Sale. Unless otherwise noted, discussion within the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations only and excludes the Link-16 TDL Business. See Note 5 — Discontinued Operations for additional information.
Management estimates and assumptions | The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information and actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made by management include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, patents, orbital slots and other licenses, software development, property, equipment and satellites, long-lived assets, derivatives, contingencies and income taxes including the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.
Revenue recognition | Revenue recognition In accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue from contracts with customers (ASC 606), the Company applies the five-step model to its contracts with its customers. Under this model the Company (1) identifies the contract with the customer, (2) identifies its performance obligations in the contract, (3) determines the transaction price for the contract, (4) allocates the transaction price to its performance obligations and (5) recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies its performance obligations. These performance obligations generally include the purchase of services (including broadband capacity and the leasing of broadband equipment), the purchase of products, and the development and delivery of complex equipment built to customer specifications under long-term contracts. Performance obligations The timing of satisfaction of performance obligations may require judgment. The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from contracts with customers for services, primarily consisting of connectivity services. These contracts typically require advance or recurring monthly payments by the customer. The Company’s obligation to provide connectivity services is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided. The measure of progress over time is based upon either a period of time (e.g., over the estimated contractual term) or usage (e.g., bandwidth used/bytes of data processed). The Company evaluates whether broadband equipment provided to its customers as part of the delivery of connectivity services represents a lease in accordance with the authoritative guidance for leases (ASC 842). As discussed further below under “Leases - Lessor accounting”, for broadband equipment leased to customers in conjunction with the delivery of connectivity services, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components of connectivity service arrangements as a single performance obligation as the connectivity services represent the predominant component. The Company also derives a portion of its revenues from contracts with customers to provide products. Performance obligations to provide products are satisfied at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. These contracts typically require payment by the customer upon passage of control and determining the point at which control is transferred may require judgment. To identify the point at which control is transferred to the customer, the Company considers indicators that include, but are not limited to, whether (1) the Company has the present right to payment for the asset, (2) the customer has legal title to the asset, (3) physical possession of the asset has been transferred to the customer, (4) the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and (5) the customer has accepted the asset. For product revenues, control generally passes to the customer upon delivery of goods to the customer. The Company’s contracts with the U.S. Government typically are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of producing goods or providing services. The FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services provided under U.S. Government contracts. The pricing for non-U.S. Government contracts is based on the specific negotiations with each customer. Under the typical payment terms of the Company’s U.S. Government fixed-price contracts, the customer pays the Company either performance-based payments (PBPs) or progress payments. PBPs are interim payments based on quantifiable measures of performance or on the achievement of specified events or milestones. Progress payments are interim payments based on a percentage of the costs incurred as the work progresses. Because the customer can often retain a portion of the contract price until completion of the contract, the Company’s U.S. Government fixed-price contracts generally result in revenue recognized in excess of billings which the Company presents as unbilled accounts receivable on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from the Company’s customers are classified as receivables on the balance sheet. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer. For the Company’s U.S. Government cost-type contracts, the customer generally pays the Company for its actual costs incurred within a short period of time. For non-U.S. Government contracts, the Company typically receives interim payments as work progresses, although for some contracts, the Company may be entitled to receive an advance payment. The Company recognizes a liability for these advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and presents it as collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues on the balance sheet. An advance payment is not typically considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect the Company from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. Performance obligations related to developing and delivering complex equipment built to customer specifications under long-term contracts are recognized over time as these performance obligations do not create assets with an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance to date. To measure the transfer of control, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost measure of progress for its contracts because that best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on its contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Estimating the total costs at completion of a performance obligation requires management to make estimates related to items such as subcontractor performance, material costs and availability, labor costs and productivity and the costs of overhead. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total estimates of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recognized in the period the loss is determined. Contract costs on U.S. Government contracts are subject to audit and review by the Defense Contracting Management Agency (DCMA), the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), and other U.S. Government agencies, as well as negotiations with U.S. Government representatives. As of December 31, 2023, the DCAA had completed its incurred cost audit for fiscal years 2004, 2016, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The DCMA approved the Company’s incurred costs for those fiscal years, with the exception of 2021, which is pending. The DCMA also approved the Company’s incurred costs for fiscal years 2005 through 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2022 without further audit based on the determination of low risk. Although the Company has recorded contract revenues subsequent to fiscal year 2020 based upon an estimate of costs that the Company believes will be approved upon final audit or review, the Company does not know the outcome of any ongoing or future audits or reviews and adjustments, and if future adjustments exceed the Company’s estimates, its profitability would be adversely affected. The Company had $16.6 million and $12.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively, in contract-related reserves for its estimate of potential refunds to customers for potential cost adjustments on several multi-year U.S. Government cost reimbursable contracts (see Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies for more information). Evaluation of transaction price The evaluation of transaction price, including the amounts allocated to performance obligations, may require significant judgments. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of the Company’s performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue, and, where applicable, the cost at completion, is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. The Company’s contracts may contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions, including the potential for significant financing components, that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These amounts, which are sometimes variable, can be dictated by performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets, the timing of payments, and customer discretion. The Company estimates variable consideration at the amount to which it expects to be entitled. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company. In the event an agreement includes embedded financing components, the Company recognizes interest expense or interest income on the embedded financing components using the effective interest method. This methodology uses an implied interest rate which reflects the incremental borrowing rate which would be expected to be obtained in a separate financing transaction. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation. Estimating standalone selling prices may require judgment. When available, the Company utilizes the observable price of a good or service when the Company sells that good or service separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price by considering all information (including market conditions, specific factors, and information about the customer or class of customer) that is reasonably available. Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations The Company’s remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm contracts and orders for which work has not been performed. The Company includes in its remaining performance obligations only those contracts and orders for which it has accepted purchase orders. Remaining performance obligations associated with the Company’s subscribers for fixed consumer and business broadband services in its satellite services segment exclude month-to-month service contracts in accordance with a practical expedient and are estimated using a portfolio approach in which the Company reviews all relevant promotional activities and calculates the remaining performance obligation using the average service component for the portfolio and the average time remaining under the contract. The Company’s future recurring in-flight connectivity service contracts in its satellite services segment do not have minimum service purchase requirements and therefore are not included in the Company’s remaining performance obligations. As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $3.7 billion, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately half over the next 12 months, with the balance recognized thereafter. Disaggregation of revenue The Company operates and manages its business in three reportable segments: satellite services, commercial networks and government systems. Revenue is disaggregated by products and services, customer type, contract type, and geographic area, respectively, as the Company believes this approach best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following sets forth disaggregated reported revenue by segment and product and services for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 |
|  | Satellite Services |  |  | Commercial Networks |  |  | Government Systems |  |  | Total Revenues |
|  | (In thousands) |
Product revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144,525 |  |  | $ | 158,548 |  |  | $ | 303,073 |
Service revenues |  |  | 581,429 |  |  |  | 21,835 |  |  |  | 222,202 |  |  |  | 825,466 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 581,429 |  |  | $ | 166,360 |  |  | $ | 380,750 |  |  | $ | 1,128,539 |
|  | Nine Months Ended December 31, 2023 |
|  | Satellite Services |  |  | Commercial Networks |  |  | Government Systems |  |  | Total Revenues |
|  | (In thousands) |
Product revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 523,517 |  |  | $ | 417,657 |  |  | $ | 941,174 |
Service revenues |  |  | 1,565,247 |  |  |  | 66,636 |  |  |  | 560,688 |  |  |  | 2,192,571 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,565,247 |  |  | $ | 590,153 |  |  | $ | 978,345 |  |  | $ | 3,133,745 |
|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 |
|  | Satellite Services |  |  | Commercial Networks |  |  | Government Systems |  |  | Total Revenues |
|  | (In thousands) |
Product revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147,163 |  |  | $ | 102,152 |  |  | $ | 249,315 |
Service revenues |  |  | 302,412 |  |  |  | 20,060 |  |  |  | 79,657 |  |  |  | 402,129 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 302,412 |  |  | $ | 167,223 |  |  | $ | 181,809 |  |  | $ | 651,444 |
|  | Nine Months Ended December 31, 2022 |
|  | Satellite Services |  |  | Commercial Networks |  |  | Government Systems |  |  | Total Revenues |
|  | (In thousands) |
Product revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 400,569 |  |  | $ | 282,200 |  |  | $ | 682,769 |
Service revenues |  |  | 915,059 |  |  |  | 59,465 |  |  |  | 232,766 |  |  |  | 1,207,290 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 915,059 |  |  | $ | 460,034 |  |  | $ | 514,966 |  |  | $ | 1,890,059 |
Revenues from the U.S. Government as an individual customer comprised approximately 17% of total revenues for both the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, and approximately 15% and 16% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, mainly reported within the government systems segment. Revenues from the Company’s other customers, mainly reported within the commercial networks and satellite services segments, comprised approximately 83% of total revenues for both the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, and approximately 85% and 84% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company’s satellite services segment revenues are primarily derived from the Company’s in-flight services, fixed broadband services, maritime services (including narrowband and safety of communication capabilities primarily acquired through the Inmarsat Acquisition), and energy services. Revenues in the Company’s commercial networks and government systems segments are primarily derived from three types of contracts: fixed-price, cost-reimbursement and time-and-materials contracts. Fixed-price contracts (which require the Company to provide products and services under a contract at a specified price) comprised approximately 91% of the Company’s total revenues for these segments for both the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, and approximately 90% and 88% of the Company’s total revenues for these segments for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The remainder of the Company’s revenues in these segments for such periods was derived primarily from cost-reimbursement contracts (under which the Company is reimbursed for all actual costs incurred in performing the contract to the extent such costs are within the contract ceiling and allowable under the terms of the contract, plus a fee or profit) and from time-and-materials contracts (under which the Company is reimbursed for the number of labor hours expended at an established hourly rate negotiated in the contract, plus the cost of materials utilized in providing such products or services). Historically, a significant portion of the Company’s revenues in its commercial networks and government systems segments has been derived from customer contracts that include the development of products. The development efforts are conducted in direct response to the customer’s specific requirements and, accordingly, expenditures related to such efforts are included in cost of sales when incurred and the related funding (which includes a profit component) is included in revenues. Revenues for the Company’s funded development from its customer contracts were approximately 10% and 12% of its total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, respectively, and approximately 15% of its total revenues for both the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022. Contract balances Contract balances consist of contract assets and contract liabilities. A contract asset, or with respect to the Company, an unbilled accounts receivable, is recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of the Company’s right to bill and receive consideration, typically resulting from sales under long-term contracts. Unbilled accounts receivable are generally expected to be billed and collected within one year. The unbilled accounts receivable will decrease as provided services or delivered products are billed. The Company receives payments from customers based on a billing schedule established in the Company’s contracts. When consideration is received in advance of the delivery of goods or services, a contract liability, or with respect to the Company, collections in excess of revenues or deferred revenues, is recorded. Reductions in the collections in excess of revenues or deferred revenues will be recorded as the Company satisfies the performance obligations. The following table presents contract assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023:
|  | As of December 31, 2023 |  |  | As of March 31, 2023 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Unbilled accounts receivable |  | $ | 148,064 |  |  | $ | 104,889 |
Collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues |  |  | 266,147 |  |  |  | 132,187 |
Deferred revenues, long-term portion |  |  | 905,373 |  |  |  | 84,747 |
Unbilled accounts receivable increased by $43.2 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2023, driven by revenue recognized in excess of billings primarily in the Company's government systems segment. The Inmarsat Acquisition (based on preliminary estimates) contributed approximately $16.3 million of unbilled accounts receivable. Collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues increased by $134.0 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2023 driven primarily by $141.5 million contributed by the Inmarsat Acquisition (based on preliminary estimates) in the Company's satellite services segment. This increase was partially offset by a $7.5 million decrease during the nine months ended December 31, 2023, driven by revenue recognized in excess of advances received on goods or services primarily in the Company's satellite services segment. Based on preliminary estimates, the Inmarsat Acquisition contributed approximately $862.5 million of deferred revenues (long-term). This increase was partially offset by a $41.9 million decrease during the nine months ended December 31, 2023, related to amounts reclassified to collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues in the Company's satellite services segment. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $14.1 million and $91.3 million, respectively, that was previously included in the Company’s collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues at March 31, 2023. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $10.7 million and $108.4 million, respectively, that was previously included in the Company’s collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues at March 31, 2022.
Cash equivalents | Cash equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, with a significant portion held in U.S. government-backed qualified money-market securities.
Restricted cash | Restricted cash Restricted cash relates to deposits required by certain counterparties as collateral pursuant to outstanding letters of credit. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023 was zero and $30.5 million, respectively. In accordance with the authoritative guidance for the statement of cash flows (ASU 230), the following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that total to the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
|  | As of December 31, 2023 |  |  | As of March 31, 2023 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,621,228 |  |  | $ | 1,348,854 |
Restricted cash |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,532 |
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 1,621,228 |  |  | $ | 1,379,386 |
Short-term investments | Short-term investments Short-term investments comprise deposits held with banks, money market funds, certificate of deposits and other short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of between 91 and 120 days.
Property, equipment and satellites | Property, equipment and satellites Satellites and other property and equipment, including internally developed software, are recorded at cost or, in the case of certain satellites and other property acquired, the fair value at the date of acquisition, net of accumulated depreciation. Capitalized satellite costs consist primarily of the costs of satellite construction and launch, including launch insurance and insurance during the period of in-orbit testing, the net present value of performance incentives expected to be payable to satellite manufacturers (dependent on the continued satisfactory performance of the satellites), costs directly associated with the monitoring and support of satellite construction, and interest costs incurred during the period of satellite construction. The Company also constructs earth stations, network operations systems and other assets to support its satellites, and those construction costs, including interest, are capitalized as incurred. At the time satellites are placed in commercial service, the Company estimates the useful life of its satellites for depreciation purposes based upon an analysis of each satellite’s performance against the original manufacturer’s orbital design life, estimated fuel levels and related consumption rates, as well as historical satellite operating trends. The Company periodically reviews the remaining estimated useful life of its satellites to determine if revisions to estimated useful lives are necessary. Costs incurred for additions to property, equipment and satellites, together with major renewals and betterments, are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining life of the underlying asset. Costs incurred for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals and betterments are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in operations, which for the periods presented, primarily related to losses incurred for unreturned customer premise equipment (CPE). The Company computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from two to 38 years. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the life of the improvement. Costs related to internally developed software for internal uses are capitalized after the preliminary project stage is complete and are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are approximately three to seven years. Capitalized costs for internal-use software are included in property, equipment and satellites, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Interest expense is capitalized on the carrying value of assets under construction, in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the capitalization of interest (ASC 835-20). With respect to the construction of satellites, gateway and networking equipment and other assets under construction, the Company capitalized $45.7 million and $172.6 million of interest expense for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, respectively, and $44.0 million and $116.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company's complementary fleet of 21 satellites in space spans the Ka-, L- and S- bands. In addition to Viasat’s legacy satellite fleet, the closing of the Inmarsat Acquisition added: five additional high-bandwidth Ka-band satellites, eight high-availability L-band satellites (three of which are contingency satellites in orbit but not currently in service), an S-band satellite that supports the European Aviation Network (EAN) to provide in-flight connectivity services to commercial airlines in Europe, and an Inmarsat-6 (I-6) class hybrid Ka-/L-band satellite (the I-6 F1 satellite), with additional satellites under development. In addition to the Company's satellite fleet, the Company has purchased capacity on and has access to additional regional partner satellites. In addition, the Company owns related earth stations and networking equipment for all of its satellites. The Company procures CPE units leased to customers in order to connect to the Company's satellite network as part of the Company’s satellite services segment, which are reflected in investing activities and property, equipment and satellites, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company depreciates the satellites, earth stations and networking equipment, CPE units and related installation costs over their estimated useful lives. The total cost and accumulated depreciation of CPE units included in property, equipment and satellites, net, as of December 31, 2023 were $585.2 million and $254.3 million, respectively. The total cost and accumulated depreciation of CPE units included in property, equipment and satellites, net, as of March 31, 2023 were $395.4 million and $213.6 million, respectively. The Company launched the first of its third-generation ViaSat-3 class satellites, ViaSat-3 F1, into orbit on April 30, 2023 and is planning to launch two additional third-generation ViaSat-3 class satellites currently under construction. On July 12, 2023, the Company reported a reflector deployment issue that materially impacted the performance of the ViaSat-3 F1 satellite. The Company and the reflector provider conducted a rigorous review of the development and deployment of the affected reflector to determine its impact and potential remedial measures. In connection with the root cause analysis, the Company determined that while the satellite payload is functional, the Company will recover less than 10% of the planned throughput on the ViaSat-3 F1 satellite. On August 24, 2023, the Company reported that the I-6 F2 satellite, which was launched on February 18, 2023, suffered a power subsystem anomaly during its orbit raising phase. The Company and Airbus, the satellite's manufacturer, performed a root cause analysis of the anomaly and concluded the satellite would not operate as intended. The Company determined that the full carrying value of the I-6 F2 satellite is not recoverable. The I-6 F2 anomaly does not impact ongoing customer services. The I-6 F1 satellite, which was launched in December 2021, is operational and continues to perform as expected. As a result of the anomalies that occurred with respect to the ViaSat-3 F1 and I-6 F2 satellites, as well as the impact of integration efforts related to the Inmarsat Acquisition, the Company undertook extensive analysis of its existing integrated satellite fleet and ongoing satellites under construction projects, taking into account its anticipated future capacity needs, projected capital investment profile and access to third party satellites under existing bandwidth arrangements. Based on the impairment analysis performed during the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, as a result of the anomalies experienced in the two satellites and integration impact related to the Inmarsat Acquisition, the Company recorded a reduction to the carrying value of satellites under construction (including capitalized interest) of an insignificant amount during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and approximately $1.6 billion during the nine months ended December 31, 2023 (based on the Company's originally estimated ViaSat-3 F1 satellite output capabilities compared to the anticipated potential and configured capacity of the ViaSat-3 F1 satellite, the full value of the I-6 F2 satellite and the ViaSat-4 satellite program, each a separate asset group), which was partially offset by total insurance claim receivables of approximately $770.0 million. As a result, the Company recorded a net loss of an insignificant amount during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and approximately $905.5 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2023, including liabilities associated with the termination of certain subcontractor agreements, in selling, general and administrative expenses in its satellite services segment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Subsequent to the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company received nearly $260 million in insurance recovery proceeds related to such claims. Occasionally, the Company may enter into finance lease arrangements for various machinery, equipment, computer-related equipment, software, furniture, fixtures, or satellites. The Company records amortization of assets leased under finance lease arrangements within depreciation expense. The Company’s finance leases consist primarily of satellite lifetime Ka-band capacity leases and have remaining terms from one to three years. The Company reports assets obtained under finance leases in property, equipment and satellites, net and the current and non-current portions of its finance lease liabilities in current portion of long-term debt and other long-term debt, respectively (see Note 1 — Basis of Presentation – Leases for more information).
Capitalized interest policy | Interest expense is capitalized on the carrying value of assets under construction, in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the capitalization of interest (ASC 835-20).
Cloud computing arrangements | Cloud computing arrangements The Company enters into certain cloud-based software hosting arrangements that are accounted for as service contracts. Costs incurred for these arrangements are capitalized for application development activities, if material, and immediately expensed for preliminary project activities and postimplementation activities. The Company amortizes the capitalized development costs straight-line over the fixed, non-cancellable term of the associated hosting arrangement plus any reasonably certain renewal periods. The capitalized costs are included in other current assets within the prepaid expenses and other current assets caption, and other assets (long-term) on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Lessee accounting | Lessee accounting In accordance with ASC 842, the Company assesses at contract inception whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. Generally, the Company determines that a lease exists when (1) the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) the Company obtains the right to substantially all economic benefits from use of the asset, and (3) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. A lease is classified as a finance lease when one or more of the following criteria are met: (1) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, (2) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, (3) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset, (4) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset or (5) the asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria. At the lease commencement date, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases, except short-term leases with an original term of 12 months or less. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are periodically reviewed for impairment in accordance with standards that apply to long-lived assets. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a collateralized loan with the same term as the underlying leases. Lease payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities consist of (1) fixed lease payments for the noncancelable lease term, (2) fixed lease payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal option will be exercised, and (3) variable lease payments that depend on an underlying index or rate, based on the index or rate in effect at lease commencement. Certain of the Company’s real estate lease agreements require variable lease payments that do not depend on an underlying index or rate established at lease commencement. Such payments and changes in payments based on a rate or index are recognized in operating expenses when incurred. Lease expense for operating leases consists of the fixed lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term plus variable lease payments as incurred. Lease expense for finance leases consists of the depreciation of assets obtained under finance leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense on the lease liability based on the discount rate at lease commencement. For both operating and finance leases, lease payments are allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense. The Company’s operating leases consist primarily of leases for office space, data centers and satellite ground facilities and have remaining terms that typically range from less than one year to 14 years, some of which include renewal options, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within one year. Certain earth station leases have renewal terms that have been deemed to be reasonably certain to be exercised and as such have been recognized as part of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for such leases in accordance with ASC 842. The Company reports operating lease right-of-use assets in operating lease right-of-use assets and the current and non-current portions of its operating lease liabilities in accrued and other liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities, respectively.
Lessor accounting | Lessor accounting For broadband equipment leased to customers in conjunction with the delivery of connectivity services, the Company has made an accounting policy election not to separate the broadband equipment from the related connectivity services. The connectivity services are the predominant component of these arrangements. The connectivity services are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. The Company is also a lessor for certain insignificant communications equipment. These leases meet the criteria for operating lease classification. Lease income associated with these leases is not material.
Business combinations | Business combinations The authoritative guidance for business combinations (ASC 805) requires that all business combinations be accounted for using the purchase method. The purchase price for business combinations is allocated to the estimated fair values of acquired tangible and intangible assets, and assumed liabilities, where applicable. The Company recognizes technology, contracts and customer relationships, orbital slots and spectrum assets, trade names and other as identifiable intangible assets, which are recorded at fair value as of the transaction date. Goodwill is recorded when consideration transferred exceeds the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities. Measurement-period adjustments to assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill are recorded in the period they occur, which may include up to one year from the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is recorded at fair value at the acquisition date.
Patents, orbital slots and other licenses | Patents, orbital slots and other licenses The Company capitalizes the costs of obtaining or acquiring patents, orbital slots and other licenses. Amortization of intangible assets that have finite lives is provided for by the straight-line method over the shorter of the legal or estimated economic life. Total capitalized costs related to patents of $3.8 million and $3.7 million were included in other assets as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company capitalized costs of $107.8 million (including amounts acquired through the Inmarsat Acquisition) and $77.0 million related to acquiring and obtaining orbital slots and other licenses included in other assets as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Accumulated amortization related to these assets was $8.0 million and $6.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Amortization expense related to these assets was an insignificant amount and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, respectively, and an insignificant amount and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. If a patent, orbital slot or other license is rejected, abandoned or otherwise invalidated, the unamortized cost is expensed in that period. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not write off any significant costs due to abandonment or impairment.
Debt issuance costs | Debt issuance costs Debt issuance costs are amortized and recognized as interest expense using the effective interest rate method, or, when the results are not materially different, on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the related debt. During the nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized $50.4 million of debt issuance costs and no debt issuance costs, respectively. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to extinguished debt are expensed at the time the debt is extinguished and recorded in loss on extinguishment of debt in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving credit facilities are recorded in other long-term assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in accordance with the authoritative guidance for imputation of interest (ASC 835-30). Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s $700.0 million senior secured term loan facility (the 2022 Term Loan Facility and, together with the 2023 Term Loan Facility, the Viasat Term Loan Facilities), the Company's $616.7 million 2023 Term Loan Facility, the Company's 5.625% Senior Notes due 2025 (the 2025 Notes), the Company’s 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (the 2027 Notes), the Company’s 6.500% Senior Notes due 2028 (the 2028 Notes), the 2031 Notes (which include debt issuance costs previously recorded with respect to the Company's former $733.4 million Bridge Facility), and the Company's direct loan facility with the Export-Import Bank of the United States (the Ex-Im Credit Facility and, together with the Viasat Term Loan Facilities, the Viasat Credit Facilities) are recorded as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt, consistent with debt discounts, in accordance with the authoritative guidance for imputation of interest (ASC 835-30).
Software development | Software development Costs of developing software for sale are charged to independent research and development expense when incurred, until technological feasibility has been established. Software development costs incurred from the time technological feasibility is reached until the product is available for general release to customers are capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value. Once the product is available for general release, the software development costs are amortized based on the ratio of current to future revenue for each product with an annual minimum equal to straight-line amortization over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, generally within five years. Capitalized costs, net, of $235.1 million and $222.2 million related to software developed for resale were included in other assets as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company capitalized $25.1 million and $56.1 million of costs related to software developed for resale for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company capitalized $15.7 million and $40.3 million of costs related to software developed for resale for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for capitalized software development costs was $14.7 million and $43.2 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, respectively, and $14.2 million and $37.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively.
Self-insurance and post-retirement medical benefit liabilities | Self-insurance and post-retirement medical benefit liabilities The Company has self-insurance plans to retain a portion of the exposure for losses related to employee medical benefits and workers’ compensation. The self-insurance plans include policies which provide for both specific and aggregate stop-loss limits. The Company utilizes actuarial methods as well as other historical information for the purpose of estimating ultimate costs for a particular plan year. Based on these actuarial methods, along with currently available information and insurance industry statistics, the Company has recorded self-insurance liability for its plans of $7.2 million and $7.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company’s estimate, which is subject to inherent variability, is based on average claims experience in the Company’s industry and its own experience in terms of frequency and severity of claims, including asserted and unasserted claims incurred but not reported, with no explicit provision for adverse fluctuation from year to year. This variability may lead to ultimate payments being either greater or less than the amounts presented above. Self-insurance liabilities have been classified as a current liability in accrued and other liabilities in accordance with the estimated timing of the projected payments. As a part of the Inmarsat Acquisition, the Company assumed a post-retirement medical benefit plan for retired employees (and their dependents) who were employed by Inmarsat before January 1, 1998. The plan is self-funded and there are no plan assets from which the costs are paid. The cost of providing these benefits is actuarially determined and accrued over the service period of the active employee groups. The annual increase in Inmarsat's contribution to post-retirement medical liability is capped at the United Kingdom Consumer Price Index +1%.
Indemnification provisions | Indemnification provisions In the ordinary course of business, the Company includes indemnification provisions in certain of its contracts, generally relating to parties with which the Company has commercial relations. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company will indemnify, hold harmless and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, including but not limited to losses relating to third-party intellectual property claims. To date, there have not been any material costs incurred in connection with such indemnification clauses. The Company’s insurance policies do not necessarily cover the cost of defending indemnification claims or providing indemnification, so if a claim was filed against the Company by any party that the Company has agreed to indemnify, the Company could incur substantial legal costs and damages. A claim would be accrued when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, no such amounts were accrued related to the aforementioned provisions.
Noncontrolling interests | Noncontrolling interests A noncontrolling interest represents the equity interest in a subsidiary that is not attributable, either directly or indirectly, to the Company and is reported as equity of the Company, separate from the Company’s controlling interest. Revenues, expenses, gains, losses, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) are reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements at the consolidated amounts, which include the amounts attributable to both the controlling and noncontrolling interest. On August 15, 2022, TrellisWare, a majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed the repurchase of shares of its common stock from participating stockholders for a total purchase price of approximately $30.0 million. The Company did not elect to participate in the share repurchase, and accordingly, the Company's ownership percentage of TrellisWare increased to slightly over 60% as a result of the share repurchase. The following table summarizes the effect of the change in the Company's percentage ownership interest in TrellisWare on the Company's equity for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Net income (loss) attributable to Viasat, Inc. |  | $ | (124,399 | ) |  | $ | (42,228 | ) |  | $ | (968,641 | ) |  | $ | (112,032 | )
Transfers to noncontrolling interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,783 | )
Change from net income (loss) attributable to Viasat, Inc. and transfers from (to) noncontrolling interest |  | $ | (124,399 | ) |  | $ | (42,228 | ) |  | $ | (968,641 | ) |  | $ | (123,815 | )
Investments in unconsolidated affiliate - equity method | Investments in unconsolidated affiliate — equity method Investments in entities in which the Company can exercise significant influence, but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control, are accounted for using the equity method and are included as investment in unconsolidated affiliate in other assets (long-term) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company records its share of the results of such entities within equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliate, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company monitors such investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including the current economic and market conditions and the operating performance of the entities and records reductions in carrying values when necessary. The fair value of privately held investments is estimated using the best available information as of the valuation date, including current earnings trends, undiscounted cash flows, quoted stock prices of comparable public companies, and other company specific information, including recent financing rounds.
Derivatives | Derivatives As a result of the Inmarsat Acquisition on May 30, 2023 (see Note 4 – Acquisition for more information), the Company assumed interest rate cap contracts to hedge the variable interest rate under the Inmarsat Term Loan Facility (see Note 8 – Senior Notes and Other Long-Term Debt for more information). The interest rate cap contracts provided protection of Compound SOFR up to 2% and covered 99% of the total nominal amount of the Inmarsat Term Loan Facility. At the time of the acquisition, the Company continued to account for the interest rate cap contracts as cash-flow hedges. The Company does not use this instrument, or these types of instruments in general, for speculative or trading purposes. The Company’s objective is to reduce the risk to earnings and cash flows associated with changes in debt with variable interest rates. Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value. The value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability if the cash flows are due to be received in greater than 12 months, and as a current asset or liability if the cash flows are due to be received in less than 12 months. Gains and losses arising from derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in other income (expense) as gains (losses) on derivative instruments. Gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments which are designated as cash-flow hedging instruments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments until the underlying transaction affects the Company’s earnings, at which time they are then recorded in the same income statement line as the underlying transaction. The Company may designate a hedging derivative with periodic cash settlements and a non-zero fair value at hedge inception as the hedging instrument in a qualifying cash flow hedging relationship. The non-zero fair value of cash flow hedges on the designation date is recognized into income under a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument and in the same line item on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as the earnings of the hedge item, with the offset recorded to other comprehensive income (loss). During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a loss of $10.0 million (and related tax benefit of $2.3 million) and a gain of $10.6 million (and related tax expense of $2.9 million), respectively, in other comprehensive income arising from changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap contracts (designated as cash-flow hedging instruments) related to the Inmarsat Term Loan Facility. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an increase of $16.9 million (and related tax expense of $4.0 million) and a decrease of $1.8 million (and related tax benefit of an insignificant amount), respectively, to other comprehensive income and interest expense, net of the recognition into income of the non-zero hedge inception fair value (based on the nature of the underlying transaction). During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, the Company received $14.0 million and $31.8 million in cash respectively, as a result of periodic cash settlements, which are included in operating cash flow in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company's interest rate cap contracts was $44.2 million recorded as an other current asset and $4.7 million recorded as an other asset (long-term). At December 31, 2023 the estimated net amount of unrealized gains or losses related to the interest rate cap contracts that was expected to be reclassified to earnings net of the recognition into income of non-zero hedge inception fair value within the next 12 months was $10.3 million. The interest rate cap contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2023 will mature in February 2025.
Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation In accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based payments (ASC 718), the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award. Expense for restricted stock units and stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the employee’s requisite service period. Expense for market-based performance stock options that vest is recognized regardless of the actual outcome achieved and is recognized on a graded-vesting basis. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company recognized $22.2 million and $65.7 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $20.4 million and $62.5 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recognizes excess tax benefits or deficiencies on vesting or settlement of awards as discrete items within income tax benefit or provision within net income (loss) and the related cash flows are classified within operating activities.
Income taxes | Income taxes Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with the authoritative guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes (ASC 740). The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The authoritative guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. Ordinarily, the Company calculates its provision for income taxes at the end of each interim reporting period on the basis of an estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for tax items that are discrete to each period. A deferred income tax asset or liability is established for the expected future tax consequences resulting from differences in the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax credit and loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Recent authoritative guidance | Recent authoritative guidance In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized in accordance with Topic 606 as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The Company adopted the new guidance prospectively in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 and applied its provisions to the Inmarsat Acquisition (see Note 4 – Acquisition). In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging—Portfolio Layer Method. ASU 2022-01 clarifies the accounting and promotes consistency in reporting for hedges where the portfolio layer method is applied. The Company adopted the new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 and the guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing certain disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Furthermore, it requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost. The Company adopted the new guidance prospectively in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 and the guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. ASU 2022-03 clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered in measuring the security's fair value. The standard also requires certain disclosures for equity securities that are subject to contractual restrictions. The new standard will become effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities – Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. ASU 2022-04 enhances the transparency of supplier finance programs. In each annual reporting period, the buyer in a supplier finance program is required to disclose information about the key terms of the program, the outstanding confirmed amounts, a rollforward of such amounts, and a description of where those obligations are presented in the balance sheet. In each interim reporting period, the buyer should disclose the outstanding confirmed amounts as of the end of the interim period. T he Company adopted the new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 (including early adoption of the amendment on the rollforward information) and the guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842) – Common Control Agreements. The amendments in this update that apply to public business entities clarify the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases. The new standard will become effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), and Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This ASU amends various paragraphs in the accounting codification pursuant to the issuance of Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) number 120. The ASU provides clarifying guidance related to employee and non-employee share-based payment accounting, including guidance related to spring-loaded awards. ASU 2023-03 is effective upon issuance. The adoption of this guidance upon issuance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This ASU amends certain disclosure and presentation requirements for a variety of topics within the FASB ASC. These amendments will also align the requirements in the ASC with the SEC's regulations. The effective date for each amended topic in the ASC is the date on which the SEC’s removal of the related disclosure requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, and will not be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirements by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU requires public entities to enhance disclosures about their reportable segments' significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. The new standard will become effective for the Company's annual disclosures beginning in fiscal year 2025 and for interim disclosures beginning in fiscal year 2026 on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 enhances income tax disclosures by requiring disclosure of specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation table and disaggregation of income taxes paid. The new standard will become effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2026. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.
Fair value measurements | In accordance with the authoritative guidance for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (ASC 820), the Company determines fair value based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, and prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value from market-based assumptions to entity specific assumptions: • Level 1 — Inputs based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. • Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 — Inputs which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation. The following tables present the Company's hierarchy for its assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023. The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of both December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023.
|  | Fair Value as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 532,112 |  |  | $ | 532,112 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Short-term investments |  |  | 30,000 |  |  |  | 30,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate cap contracts |  |  | 48,898 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,898 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 611,010 |  |  | $ | 562,112 |  |  | $ | 48,898 |  |  | $ | — |
|  | Fair Value as of March 31, 2023 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 757,600 |  |  | $ | 757,600 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 757,600 |  |  | $ | 757,600 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
The following section describes the valuation methodologies the Company uses to measure financial instruments at fair value: Cash equivalents — The Company’s cash equivalents consist of money market funds, with a significant portion held in U.S. government backed qualified money market securities. Short-term investments — The Company’s short-term investments consist of deposits held with banks, money market funds, certificate of deposits and other short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of between 91 and 120 days. Interest rate cap contracts — The Company assumed interest rate cap contracts to hedge the variable interest rate under the Inmarsat Term Loan Facility (see Note 1 – Basis of Presentation – Derivatives for more information). The Company’s interest rate cap contracts are valued using the forward interest rate curve at each reporting date (Level 2). Contingencies — In connection with the acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in Euro Broadband Infrastructure S à rl (EBI) on April 30, 2021, part of the purchase price consideration was determined approximately two years after the closing date, and as a result the Company received €20.0 million, or approximately $22.0 million, in cash and recorded a gain of approximately $18.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024 in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The consideration paid was contingent based on certain outcomes as defined in the acquisition agreement. Each reporting period, the Company estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration based on unobservable inputs and probability weightings using standard valuation techniques (Level 3). The fair value amount was recorded in other current assets within the prepaid expenses and other current assets caption on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and any change to fair value was recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations each reporting period. As of March 31, 2023, and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s fair value estimate, and change in fair value of the contingent consideration were none or immaterial. Long-term debt — The Company’s long-term debt consists of borrowings under the Viasat Credit Facilities and Inmarsat's $2.45 billion senior secured credit facility (the Inmarsat Secured Credit Facility), $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes, $600.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes, $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2028 Notes, $733.4 million in aggregate principal amount of 2031 Notes, $2.08 billion in aggregate principal amount of Inmarsat 2026 Notes (together with the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes, the 2028 Notes and the 2031 Notes, the Notes) and finance lease obligations reported at the present value of future minimum lease payments with current accrued interest. Long-term debt related to Viasat's $647.5 million revolving credit facility (the Viasat Revolving Credit Facility) and Inmarsat's $700.0 million revolving line of credit under the Inmarsat Secured Credit Facility (the Inmarsat Revolving Credit Facility) is reported at the outstanding principal amount of borrowings, while long-term debt related to the Viasat Credit Facilities, the Inmarsat Term Loan Facility and the Notes is reported at amortized cost. However, for disclosure purposes, the Company is required to measure the fair value of outstanding debt on a recurring basis. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt related to the Viasat Term Loan Facilities, the Viasat Revolving Credit Facility and the Inmarsat Secured Credit Facility approximates its carrying amount due to its variable interest rate, which approximates a market interest rate. As of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt related to the Ex-Im Credit Facility was Level 2 and was approximately $38.3 million and $57.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt related to each series of Notes was Level 2 and was $681.6 million and $661.5 million, respectively, for the 2025 Notes, $580.5 million and $561.7 million, respectively, for the 2027 Notes, and $327.5 million and $292.0 million, respectively, for the 2028 Notes. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company's long-term debt related to the 2031 Notes and the Inmarsat 2026 Notes was Level 2 and was $572.0 million and $2.05 billion, respectively. Satellite performance incentive obligations — The Company’s contracts with satellite manufacturers require the Company to make monthly in-orbit satellite performance incentive payments with respect to certain satellites in commercial service, including interest, through fiscal year 2028, subject to the continued satisfactory performance of the applicable satellites. The Company records the net present value of these expected future payments as a liability and as a component of the cost of the satellites. However, for disclosure purposes, the Company is required to measure the fair value of outstanding satellite performance incentive obligations on a recurring basis. The fair value of the Company’s outstanding satellite performance incentive obligations is estimated to approximate their carrying value based on current rates (Level 2). As of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company’s estimated satellite performance incentive obligations relating to certain satellites in commercial service, including accrued interest, were $17.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively.
Other acquired intangible assets | Other acquired intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of two to 20 years (which approximates the economic pattern of benefit).
Segment reporting | The Company’s segments are determined consistent with the way management currently organizes and evaluates financial information internally for making operating decisions and assessing performance.
Discontinued Operations | On October 1, 2022, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to sell the Link-16 TDL Business in its government systems segment to L3Harris in exchange for approximately $1.96 billion in cash, subject to adjustments. In accordance with ASC 205-20, the Company determined that the Link-16 TDL Business met held-for sale and discontinued operations accounting criteria at the end of the second quarter of fiscal year 2023. On January 3, 2023, the Company completed the Link-16 TDL Sale. Accordingly, the Company classified the results of the Link-16 TDL Business as discontinued operations in its condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022.

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