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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 29, 2019

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-32253

EnerSys
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 23-3058564
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2366 Bernville Road
Reading, Pennsylvania 19605
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 610-208-1991
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share |  | ENS |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes ¨ No.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Large Accelerated Filer |  | ý |  | Accelerated filer |  | ¨
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). ☐ Yes ý No.
Common Stock outstanding at November 1, 2019: 42,285,572 shares
1

ENERSYS
INDEX – FORM 10-Q

|  |  | Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019 | 3
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the Quarters Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 4
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the Six Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 5
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Quarters and Six Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 6
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Six Months Ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
| 1 | Basis of Presentation | 8
| 2 | Revenue Recognition | 9
| 3 | Leases | 10
| 4 | Acquisitions | 12
| 5 | Inventories | 14
| 6 | Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 14
| 7 | Derivative Financial Instruments | 15
| 8 | Income Taxes | 18
| 9 | Warranty | 18
| 10 | Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation | 19
| 11 | Restructuring, Exit and Other Charges | 20
| 12 | Debt | 21
| 13 | Retirement Plans | 22
| 14 | Stock-Based Compensation | 22
| 15 | Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests | 23
| 16 | Earnings Per Share | 28
| 17 | Business Segments | 29
| 18 | Subsequent Events | 29
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 40
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 42
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 43
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 43
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 43
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 43
Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
SIGNATURES | 45

2

Table of Contents

PART I – | FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENERSYS
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 424,846 |  |  | $ | 299,212 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts: September 29, 2019 - $14,296; March 31, 2019 - $10,813 |  | 585,106 |  |  | 624,136 |
Inventories, net |  | 507,081 |  |  | 503,869 |
Prepaid and other current assets |  | 122,777 |  |  | 109,431 |
Total current assets |  | 1,639,810 |  |  | 1,536,648 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | 410,750 |  |  | 409,439 |
Goodwill |  | 649,236 |  |  | 656,399 |
Other intangible assets, net |  | 446,464 |  |  | 462,316 |
Deferred taxes |  | 54,412 |  |  | 40,466 |
Other assets |  | 90,141 |  |  | 12,925 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,290,813 |  |  | $ | 3,118,193 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Short-term debt |  | $ | 34,351 |  |  | $ | 54,490 |
Accounts payable |  | 276,926 |  |  | 292,449 |
Accrued expenses |  | 254,362 |  |  | 265,994 |
Total current liabilities |  | 565,639 |  |  | 612,933 |
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs |  | 1,117,818 |  |  | 971,756 |
Deferred taxes |  | 76,649 |  |  | 82,112 |
Other liabilities |  | 211,716 |  |  | 165,375 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,971,822 |  |  | 1,832,176 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at September 29, 2019 and at March 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock, 0.01 par value per share, 135,000,000 shares authorized, 55,085,136 shares issued and 42,281,834 shares outstanding at September 29, 2019; 54,848,523 shares issued and 42,620,750 shares outstanding at March 31, 2019 |  | 551 |  |  | 548 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 515,598 |  |  | 512,696 |
Treasury stock at cost, 12,803,302 shares held as of September 29, 2019 and 12,227,773 shares held as of March 31, 2019 |  | (565,108 | ) |  | (530,760 | )
Retained earnings |  | 1,546,419 |  |  | 1,450,325 |
Contra equity - indemnification receivable |  | (5,838 | ) |  | (7,840 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (176,147 | ) |  | (142,682 | )
Total EnerSys stockholders’ equity |  | 1,315,475 |  |  | 1,282,287 |
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests |  | 3,516 |  |  | 3,730 |
Total equity |  | 1,318,991 |  |  | 1,286,017 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 3,290,813 |  |  | $ | 3,118,193 |

See accompanying notes.
3

Table of Contents
ENERSYS
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

|  | Quarter ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 762,137 |  |  | $ | 660,462 |
Cost of goods sold |  | 564,820 |  |  | 499,582 |
Gross profit |  | 197,317 |  |  | 160,880 |
Operating expenses |  | 132,325 |  |  | 96,402 |
Restructuring, exit and other charges |  | 6,282 |  |  | 1,121 |
Operating earnings |  | 58,710 |  |  | 63,357 |
Interest expense |  | 10,097 |  |  | 6,413 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | 199 |  |  | (1,325 | )
Earnings before income taxes |  | 48,414 |  |  | 58,269 |
Income (benefit) tax expense |  | (14,284 | ) |  | 10,822 |
Net earnings |  | 62,698 |  |  | 47,447 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | $ | 62,698 |  |  | $ | 47,424 |
Net earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders: |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |
Dividends per common share |  | $ | 0.175 |  |  | $ | 0.175 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 42,392,039 |  |  | 42,133,484 |
Diluted |  | 42,708,082 |  |  | 42,773,706 |

See accompanying notes.
4

Table of Contents
ENERSYS
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 1,542,367 |  |  | $ | 1,331,392 |
Cost of goods sold |  | 1,143,538 |  |  | 1,004,652 |
Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities |  | — |  |  | 526 |
Gross profit |  | 398,829 |  |  | 326,214 |
Operating expenses |  | 263,129 |  |  | 195,818 |
Restructuring, exit and other charges |  | 8,654 |  |  | 2,860 |
Operating earnings |  | 127,046 |  |  | 127,536 |
Interest expense |  | 20,995 |  |  | 12,929 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | (953 | ) |  | (997 | )
Earnings before income taxes |  | 107,004 |  |  | 115,604 |
Income (benefit) tax expense |  | (4,330 | ) |  | 22,137 |
Net earnings |  | 111,334 |  |  | 93,467 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | 183 |
Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | $ | 111,334 |  |  | $ | 93,284 |
Net earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders: |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 2.62 |  |  | $ | 2.22 |
Diluted |  | $ | 2.59 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |
Dividends per common share |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 42,524,189 |  |  | 42,073,015 |
Diluted |  | 42,913,258 |  |  | 42,673,844 |

See accompanying notes.
5

Table of Contents
ENERSYS
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In Thousands)

|  | Quarter ended |  | Six months ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net earnings |  | $ | 62,698 |  |  | $ | 47,447 |  |  | $ | 111,334 |  |  | $ | 93,467 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax |  | 3,586 |  |  | (6,179 | ) |  | 1,257 |  |  | (5,174 | )
Pension funded status adjustment, net of tax |  | 237 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 600 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (32,199 | ) |  | (14,150 | ) |  | (35,410 | ) |  | (86,313 | )
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | (28,376 | ) |  | (20,029 | ) |  | (33,679 | ) |  | (90,887 | )
Total comprehensive income |  | 34,322 |  |  | 27,418 |  |  | 77,655 |  |  | 2,580 |
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | (131 | ) |  | (200 | ) |  | (214 | ) |  | (539 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | $ | 34,453 |  |  | $ | 27,618 |  |  | $ | 77,869 |  |  | $ | 3,119 |

See accompanying notes.
6

Table of Contents
ENERSYS
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In Thousands)

|  | Six months ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 111,334 |  |  | $ | 93,467 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 41,053 |  |  | 27,302 |
Write-off of assets relating to exit activities and other |  | 9,969 |  |  | 1,073 |
Derivatives not designated in hedging relationships: |  |  |  |
Net losses |  | 696 |  |  | 622 |
Cash settlements |  | (821 | ) |  | (760 | )
Provision for doubtful accounts |  | 3,245 |  |  | 132 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (20,973 | ) |  | 827 |
Non-cash interest expense |  | 752 |  |  | 627 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 8,868 |  |  | 9,129 |
Gain on disposal of property, plant, and equipment |  | (119 | ) |  | (77 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | 26,763 |  |  | (1,556 | )
Inventories |  | (11,687 | ) |  | (21,691 | )
Prepaid and other current assets |  | (18,214 | ) |  | (4,238 | )
Other assets |  | 4,699 |  |  | (1,369 | )
Accounts payable |  | (22,005 | ) |  | 864 |
Accrued expenses |  | (18,576 | ) |  | (20,624 | )
Other liabilities |  | (9,922 | ) |  | 304 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 105,062 |  |  | 84,032 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (43,378 | ) |  | (35,500 | )
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant, and equipment |  | 2,645 |  |  | 189 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (40,733 | ) |  | (35,311 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |
Net repayments on short-term debt |  | (20,019 | ) |  | (2,854 | )
Proceeds from 2017 Revolver borrowings |  | 285,000 |  |  | 84,500 |
Repayments of 2017 Revolver borrowings |  | (135,000 | ) |  | (65,000 | )
Repayments of 2017 Term Loan |  | (5,645 | ) |  | — |
Option proceeds |  | 25 |  |  | 8,264 |
Payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (6,250 | ) |  | (3,384 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  | (34,561 | ) |  | — |
Dividends paid to stockholders |  | (14,898 | ) |  | (14,747 | )
Other |  | 161 |  |  | 30 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 68,813 |  |  | 6,809 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | (7,508 | ) |  | (32,465 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 125,634 |  |  | 23,065 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 299,212 |  |  | 522,118 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 424,846 |  |  | $ | 545,183 |

See accompanying notes.
7

Table of Contents
ENERSYS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments except those otherwise described herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included, unless otherwise disclosed. Operating results for the three months and six months ended September 29, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.
The Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet at March 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.
The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 001-32253), which was filed on May 29, 2019 (the “2019 Annual Report”).
EnerSys (the “Company,”) reports interim financial information for 13-week periods, except for the first quarter, which always begins on April 1, and the fourth quarter, which always ends on March 31. The four quarters in fiscal 2020 end on June 30, 2019, September 29, 2019, December 29, 2019, and March 31, 2020, respectively. The four quarters in fiscal 2019 ended on July 1, 2018, September 30, 2018, December 30, 2018, and March 31, 2019, respectively.
The consolidated condensed financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and any partially owned subsidiaries that the Company has the ability to control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). This update requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new standard under the modified retrospective approach, which resulted in no adjustment to the April 1, 2019 beginning Retained Earnings. There are optional practical expedients and policy elections made available to simplify the transition to the new standard. The Company has elected the following:

• | to adopt the optional transition method defined within ASU 2018-11 and not restate comparative prior periods but instead recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption;

• | the package of three practical expedients addressing whether a contract contains a lease, lease classification and initial direct costs;

• | to combine lease and non-lease components as a single component for all asset classes;

• | to use a portfolio approach to determine the incremental borrowing rate; and

• | to apply the short-term lease exception to leases that, at the commencement date, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.

Upon adoption, the Company recorded Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities of approximately $84,878 and $87,248, respectively. In addition, capital lease assets and liabilities are now classified as finance lease right-of-use assets and liabilities. The difference between the operating lease assets and lease liabilities primarily relates to unamortized lease incentives and deferred rent recorded in accordance with the previous lease guidance.
Apart from the aforementioned changes, the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company's operating results, financial position or cash flows. The discount rates used to calculate the ROU assets and lease liabilities as of the effective date were based on the remaining lease terms as of the effective date. See Note 3, Leases for additional information.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)”: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. The guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income
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statement line as the hedged item. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2019 and the adoption did not have any impact on the Company's operating results, financial position or cash flows.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)". The new standard will allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statements users. However, because the amendment only relates to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2019 with the election not to reclassify $478 of stranded tax effects, primarily related to the Company's pension plans, from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings, as the amount was not material.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Adopted as of September 29, 2019
In June 2016, the FASB, issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)”: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the recognition model for the impairment of financial instruments, including accounts receivable, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, among others. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In contrast to current guidance, which considers current information and events and utilizes a probable threshold, (an “incurred loss” model), ASU 2016–13 mandates an “expected loss” model. The expected loss model: (i) estimates the risk of loss even when risk is remote, (ii) estimates losses over the contractual life, (iii) considers past events, current conditions and reasonable supported forecasts and (iv) has no recognition threshold. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.
2. Revenue Recognition
The Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” on April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. There was no cumulative effect of adopting the standard at the date of initial application in retained earnings.
The Company's revenues by reportable segments are presented in Note 17.
Service revenues related to the work performed for the Company’s customers by its maintenance technicians generally represent a separate and distinct performance obligation. Control for these services passes to the customer as the services are performed. Service revenues for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 amounted to $61,282 and $37,105, respectively. Service revenues for the six months of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 amounted to $122,000 and $69,200, respectively.
A small portion of the Company's customer arrangements oblige the Company to create customized products for its customers that require the bundling of both products and services into a single performance obligation because the individual products and services that are required to fulfill the customer requirements do not meet the definition for a distinct performance obligation. These customized products generally have no alternative use to the Company and the terms and conditions of these arrangements give the Company the enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, including a reasonable profit margin. For these arrangements, control transfers over time and the Company measures progress towards completion by selecting the input or output method that best depicts the transfer of control of the underlying goods and services to the customer for each respective arrangement. Methods used by the Company to measure progress toward completion include labor hours, costs incurred and units of production. Revenues recognized over time for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 amounted to $33,595 and $16,491, respectively. Revenues recognized over time for the six months of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 amounted to $75,090 and $34,895, respectively.
On September 29, 2019, the aggregate transaction price allocated to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations was approximately $65,975, of which, the Company estimates that approximately $48,576 will be recognized as revenue in fiscal 2020, $16,621 in fiscal 2021, $643 in fiscal 2022, $16 in fiscal 2023 and $119 in fiscal 2024.
Any payments that are received from a customer in advance, prior to the satisfaction of a related performance obligation and billings in excess of revenue recognized, are deferred and treated as a contract liability. Advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized are classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when recognition of revenue is expected. As of September 29, 2019, the current and non-current portion of contract liabilities were $16,543 and $6,808, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, the current and non-current portion of contract liabilities were $15,162 and $6,360, respectively. Revenues recognized during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, that were included in the contract liability at the beginning of the quarter, amounted to $3,690 and $611, respectively. Revenues recognized during the six months of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, that were included in the contract liability at the beginning of the year, amounted to $8,157 and $2,597, respectively.
Amounts representing work completed and not billed to customers represent contract assets and were $46,319 and $38,778 as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company uses historic customer product return data as a basis of estimation for customer returns and records the reduction of sales at the time revenue is recognized. At September 29, 2019, the right of return asset related to the value of inventory anticipated to be returned from customers was $2,667 and refund liability representing amounts estimated to be refunded to customers was $5,213.
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3. Leases
The Company leases manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, office space, vehicles and other equipment under non-cancellable leases with initial terms typically ranging from 1 to 17 years. At contract inception, the Company reviews the terms of the arrangement to determine if the contract is or contains a lease. Guidance in Topic 842 is used to evaluate whether the contract has an identified asset; if the Company has the right to obtain substantially all economic benefits from the asset; and if it has the right to direct the use of the underlying asset. When determining if a contract has an identified asset, the Company considers both explicit and implicit assets, and whether the supplier has the right to substitute the asset. When determining if the Company has the right to obtain substantially all economic benefits from the asset, the Company considers the primary outputs of the identified asset throughout the period of use and determines if it receives greater than 90% of those benefits. When determining if it has the right to direct the use of an underlying asset, the Company considers if it has the right to direct how and for what purpose the asset is used throughout the period of use and if it controls the decision-making rights over the asset.
Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. The Company exercises its judgment to determine the term of those leases when extension or termination options are present and include such options in the calculation of the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options.
The Company has elected to include both lease and non-lease components in the determination of lease payments for all asset classes. Payments made to a lessor for items such as taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, or other costs commonly referred to as executory costs, are also included in lease payments if they are fixed. The fixed portion of these payments are included in the calculation of the lease liability, while any variable portion would be recognized as variable lease expenses, when incurred. Variable payments made to third parties for these, or similar costs, such as utilities, are not included in the calculation of lease payments.
Both finance and operating leases are reflected as liabilities on the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company has exercised judgment in electing the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available when the lease commences to determine the present value of future payments. Right-of-use assets are valued at the initial measurement of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs or rent prepayments and reduced by any lease incentives and any deferred lease payments.
Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease expense includes depreciation, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the leased asset, and interest expense, which is recognized following an effective interest rate method.
Short term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not presented on the balance sheet and expense is recognized as incurred.
The following table presents lease assets and liabilities and their balance sheet classification:

|  | Classification |  | As of September 29, 2019
Operating Leases: |  |  |  |
Right-of-use Assets |  | Other assets |  | $ | 77,259 |
Operating lease current liabilities |  | Accrued expenses |  | 22,122 |
Operating lease non-current liabilities |  | Other liabilities |  | 57,581 |
Finance Leases: |  |  |  |
Right-of-use Assets |  | Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | 10,724 |
Finance lease current liabilities |  | Current portion of debt |  | 10,261 |
Finance lease non-current liabilities |  | Non-current portion of debt |  | 493 |

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The components of lease expense for the second quarter and six months ended September 29, 2019 were as follows:

|  | Classification |  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 29, 2019
Operating Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | Operating expenses |  | $ | 7,260 |  |  | $ | 14,555 |
Variable lease cost |  | Operating expenses |  | 2,122 |  |  | 3,828 |
Short term lease cost |  | Operating expenses |  | 1,927 |  |  | 4,111 |
Finance Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  | Operating expenses |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 281 |
Interest expense |  | Interest expense |  | 10 |  |  | 22 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 11,457 |  |  | $ | 22,797 |

The following table presents the weighted average lease term and discount rates for leases as of September 29, 2019:

Operating Leases: |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  | 5.41 years
Weighted average discount rate |  | 5.38%
Finance Leases: |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  | 3.45 years
Weighted average discount rate |  | 4.93%

The following table presents future payments due under leases reconciled to lease liabilities as of September 29, 2019:

|  | Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
Six months ended March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 10,195 |  |  | $ | 13,770 |
Year ended March 31, |  |  |  |
2021 |  | 194 |  |  | 22,752 |
2022 |  | 198 |  |  | 17,436 |
2023 |  | 155 |  |  | 12,390 |
2024 |  | 104 |  |  | 8,264 |
Thereafter |  | 28 |  |  | 18,526 |
Total undiscounted lease payments |  | 10,874 |  |  | 93,138 |
Present value discount |  | 120 |  |  | 13,435 |
Lease liability |  | $ | 10,754 |  |  | $ | 79,703 |

The following table presents supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to leases for the second quarter and six months ended September 29, 2019:

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 29, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | 7,170 |  |  | 14,383 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  | 138 |  |  | 281 |
Supplemental non-cash information on lease liabilities arising from right-of-use assets: |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | 2,318 |  |  | 4,946 |

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4. Acquisition
On December 7, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Alpha Technologies Services, Inc. (“ATS”) and Alpha Technologies Ltd. (“ATL”), resulting in ATS and ATL becoming wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company (the “share purchase”). Additionally, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Alpha Technologies Inc. and certain assets of Altair Advanced Industries, Inc. and other affiliates of ATS and ATL (all such sellers, together with ATS and ATL, “Alpha”), in each case in accordance with the terms and conditions of certain restructuring agreements (collectively, the “asset acquisition” and together with the share purchase, the “acquisition”). Based in Bellingham, Washington, Alpha is a global industry leader in comprehensive commercial-grade energy solutions for broadband, telecom, renewable, industrial and traffic customers around the world. The initial purchase consideration for the acquisition was $750,000, of which $650,000 was paid in cash and the balance was settled by issuing 1,177,630 shares of EnerSys common stock. These shares were issued out of the Company's treasury stock and were valued at $84.92 per share, which was based on the thirty-day volume weighted average stock price of the Company’s common stock at closing, in accordance with the purchase agreement. The 1,177,630 shares had a closing date fair value of $93,268, based upon the December 7, 2018 closing date spot rate of $79.20. The total purchase consideration, consisting of cash paid of $650,000, shares valued at $93,268 and an adjustment for working capital (due post - closing from seller of $766), was $742,502. The Company funded the cash portion of the acquisition with borrowings from the Amended Credit Facility as defined in Note 12. See Note 12 for additional information.
The acquisition expands the Company's footprint in broadband and telecom markets. The goodwill recognized in connection with this transaction reflects the benefits the Company expects to realize from being able to provide a one-stop, fully integrated power solutions offering to its customers, as well as the benefit of cost synergies from alignment of the Alpha group within its own organizational structure.
The results of operations of Alpha have been included in the Company’s Americas segment.
The following table represents the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and resulting goodwill. The amounts recognized will be finalized as the information necessary to complete the analysis is obtained, but no later than one year from the acquisition date (“the measurement period”).
The acquired assets and assumed liabilities include the following:

Accounts receivable |  | $ | 115,467 |
Inventories |  | 84,297 |
Other current assets |  | 6,822 |
Other intangible assets |  | 332,000 |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 20,987 |
Other assets |  | 9,005 |
Total assets acquired |  | $ | 568,578 |
Accounts payable |  | 35,803 |
Accrued liabilities |  | 41,918 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 56,331 |
Other liabilities |  | 12,642 |
Total liabilities assumed |  | $ | 146,694 |
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 421,884 |
Purchase price: |  |
Cash paid for net assets acquired |  | $ | 650,000 |
Fair value of shares issued for net assets acquired |  | 93,268 |
Working capital adjustment |  | (766 | )
Total purchase consideration |  | 742,502 |
Less: Fair value of acquired identifiable assets and liabilities |  | 421,884 |
Goodwill |  | $ | 320,618 |

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The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of Alpha's identifiable intangible assets and the initial assessment of their respective estimated lives:

|  | Type |  | Life in Years |  | Fair Value
Trademarks |  | Indefinite-lived |  | Indefinite |  | $ | 56,000 |
Customer relationships |  | Finite-lived |  | 14 |  | 221,000 |
Technology |  | Finite-lived |  | 10 |  | 55,000 |
Total identifiable intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 332,000 |

The Company recorded the acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting and recognized the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the net tangible and intangible assets is recorded to goodwill. Estimated goodwill deductible for tax purposes is $42,262. The measurement of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is substantially complete. The Company continues to gather necessary information to finalize the accounting for income taxes associated with the acquisition, and as such the Company could record additional adjustments to the provisional amount recognized as this additional information is obtained.
The following unaudited summary information is presented on a consolidated pro forma basis as if the acquisition had occurred on April 1, 2017:

| Quarter ended | Six Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 818,279 |  |  | $ | 1,653,571 |
Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | 61,035 |  |  | 119,748 |
Net earnings per share attributable to EnerSys stockholders - basic |  | 1.41 |  |  | 2.77 |
Net earnings per share attributable to EnerSys stockholders - assuming dilution |  | 1.39 |  |  | 2.73 |

The pro forma amounts include additional interest expense on the debt issued to finance the purchases, amortization and depreciation expense based on the estimated fair value and useful lives of intangible assets and plant assets, and related tax effects. The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the combined results had the Alpha acquisition been completed on April 1, 2017, nor are they indicative of future combined results. The remeasurement of Alpha's deferred taxes due to the Tax Act are being excluded in arriving at these pro forma results.
Other Intangible Assets
Information regarding the Company’s other intangible assets are as follows:

|  | Balance as of
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
|  | Gross Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Amount |  | Gross Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Amount
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  | $ | 152,123 |  |  | $ | (953 | ) |  | $ | 151,170 |  |  | $ | 152,484 |  |  | $ | (953 | ) |  | $ | 151,531 |
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | 286,111 |  |  | (53,690 | ) |  | 232,421 |  |  | 286,664 |  |  | (42,704 | ) |  | 243,960 |
Non-compete |  | 3,110 |  |  | (2,804 | ) |  | 306 |  |  | 3,025 |  |  | (2,807 | ) |  | 218 |
Technology |  | 77,661 |  |  | (15,819 | ) |  | 61,842 |  |  | 77,779 |  |  | (12,229 | ) |  | 65,550 |
Trademarks |  | 2,003 |  |  | (1,278 | ) |  | 725 |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | (1,236 | ) |  | 767 |
Licenses |  | 1,196 |  |  | (1,196 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | (1,187 | ) |  | 290 |
Total |  | $ | 522,204 |  |  | $ | (75,740 | ) |  | $ | 446,464 |  |  | $ | 523,432 |  |  | $ | (61,116 | ) |  | $ | 462,316 |

The Company’s amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $7,309 and $14,625, for the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to$2,046 and $4,115 for the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019, respectively. The expected amortization expense based on the finite-lived intangible assets as of September 29, 2019, is $14,866 for the remainder of fiscal 2020, $29,237 in fiscal 2021, $28,993 in fiscal 2022, $27,694 in fiscal 2023 and $24,287 in fiscal 2024.
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Contra Equity - Indemnification Receivable
In connection with the Alpha acquisition in fiscal 2019, the Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit and related indemnification receivable of $7,840. The indemnification receivable represents the Seller’s obligation to indemnify the Company for the outcome of potential contingent liabilities, including those associated with uncertain tax positions. Due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, a portion of the unrecognized tax benefit was recognized, resulting in a reduction in the indemnification receivable.
5. Inventories
Inventories, net consist of:

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
Raw materials |  | $ | 124,761 |  |  | $ | 138,718 |
Work-in-process |  | 105,955 |  |  | 129,736 |
Finished goods |  | 276,365 |  |  | 235,415 |
Total |  | $ | 507,081 |  |  | $ | 503,869 |

6. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables represent the financial assets and (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, and the basis for that measurement:

|  | Total Fair Value Measurement September 29, 2019 |  | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |
Total derivatives |  | $ | 739 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 739 |  |  | $ | — |

|  | Total Fair Value Measurement March 31, 2019 |  | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | (902 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (902 | ) |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | (249 | ) |  | — |  |  | (249 | ) |  | — |
Total derivatives |  | $ | (1,151 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,151 | ) |  | $ | — |

The fair values of lead forward contracts are calculated using observable prices for lead as quoted on the London Metal Exchange (“LME”) and, therefore, were classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in its 2019 Annual Report.
The fair values for foreign currency forward contracts are based upon current quoted market prices and are classified as Level 2 based on the nature of the underlying market in which these derivatives are traded.
Financial Instruments
The fair values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate carrying value due to their short maturities.
The fair value of the Company’s short-term debt and borrowings under the Amended Credit Facility (as defined in Note 12), approximate their respective carrying value, as they are variable rate debt and the terms are comparable to market terms as of the balance sheet dates and are classified as Level 2.
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The Company's 5.00% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”), with an original face value of $300,000, were issued in April 2015. The fair value of the Notes represent the trading values based upon quoted market prices and are classified as Level 2. The Notes were trading at approximately 102% and 99% of face value on September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s derivatives and Notes at September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019 were as follows:

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives (1) |  | $ | 739 |  |  | $ | 739 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes (2) |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 306,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 297,000 |
Derivatives (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,151 |  |  | 1,151 |

(1) | Represents lead and foreign currency forward contracts (see Note 7 for asset and liability positions of the lead and foreign currency forward contracts at September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019).

(2) | The fair value amount of the Notes at September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019 represent the trading value of the instruments.

7. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company utilizes derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices and foreign exchange rates under established procedures and controls. The Company does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes. The Company’s agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions and the Company anticipates performance by counterparties to these contracts and therefore no material loss is expected.
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Lead Forward Contracts
The Company enters into lead forward contracts to fix the price for a portion of its lead purchases. Management considers the lead forward contracts to be effective against changes in the cash flows of the underlying lead purchases. The vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. At September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company has hedged the price to purchase approximately 54.0 million pounds and 42.0 million pounds of lead, respectively, for a total purchase price of $49,938 and $39,218, respectively.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts and options to hedge a portion of the Company’s foreign currency exposures for lead, as well as other foreign currency exposures so that gains and losses on these contracts offset changes in the underlying foreign currency denominated exposures. The vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company had entered into a total of $45,350 and $42,318, respectively, of such contracts.
In the coming twelve months, the Company anticipates that $1,602 of pretax gain relating to lead and foreign currency forward contracts will be reclassified from AOCI as part of cost of goods sold. This amount represents the current net unrealized impact of hedging lead and foreign exchange rates, which will change as market rates change in the future, and will ultimately be realized in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income as an offset to the corresponding actual changes in lead costs to be realized in connection with the variable lead cost and foreign exchange rates being hedged.
Derivatives not Designated in Hedging Relationships
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
The Company also enters into foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge foreign currency fluctuations on intercompany loans and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. These are not designated as hedging instruments and changes in fair value of these instruments are recorded directly in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the notional amount of these contracts was $23,676 and $22,201, respectively.
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Presented below in tabular form is information on the location and amounts of derivative fair values in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets and derivative gains and losses in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income:
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019

|  | Derivatives and Hedging Activities Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Derivatives and Hedging Activities Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
Prepaid and other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 855 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 241 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 241 |

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
For the quarter ended September 29, 2019

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | 7,872 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 3,173 |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | (64 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold |  | (63 | )
Total |  | $ | 7,808 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,110 |

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives |  | Pretax Gain (Loss)
Foreign currency forward contracts | Other (income) expense, net |  | $ | (730 | )
Total |  |  | $ | (730 | )

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2018

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | (11,524 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | (3,742 | )
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 138 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | 434 |
Total |  | $ | (11,386 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (3,308 | )

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives |  | Pretax Gain (Loss)
Foreign currency forward contracts | Other (income) expense, net |  | $ | 96 |
Total |  |  | $ | 96 |

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The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
For the six months ended September 29, 2019

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | 4,496 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 2,732 |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | (395 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold |  | (280 | )
Total |  | $ | 4,101 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,452 |

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative |  | Pretax Gain (Loss)
Foreign currency forward contracts | Other (income) expense, net |  | $ | (696 | )
Total |  |  | $ | (696 | )

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
For the six months ended September 30, 2018

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Pretax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Lead forward contracts |  | $ | (11,009 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | (2,719 | )
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 720 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | (803 | )
Total |  | $ | (10,289 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (3,522 | )

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative |  | Pretax Gain (Loss)
Foreign currency forward contracts | Other (income) expense, net |  | $ | (622 | )
Total |  |  | $ | (622 | )

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8. Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax provision consists of federal, state and foreign income taxes. The tax provision for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019 was based on the estimated effective tax rates applicable for the full years ending March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, after giving effect to items specifically related to the interim periods. The Company’s effective income tax rate with respect to any period may be volatile based on the mix of income in the tax jurisdictions in which the Company operates, change in tax laws and the amount of the Company's consolidated income before taxes.
On May 19, 2019, a public referendum held in Switzerland approved the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV (Old-Age and Survivors Insurance) Financing (TRAF) as adopted by the Swiss Federal Parliament on September 28, 2018. The Swiss tax reform measures are effective January 1, 2020. Certain provisions of the TRAF were enacted during the current quarter. Significant changes in the tax reform include the abolishment of preferential tax regimes for holding companies, domicile companies and mixed companies at the cantonal level. The transitional provisions of the TRAF allow companies to elect tax basis adjustments to fair value, which is used for tax depreciation and amortization purposes resulting in a deduction over the transitional period. The Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $21,000 during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, related to the amortizable goodwill, subject to final negotiations with the Swiss federal and cantonal tax authority.
The consolidated effective income tax rates for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019 were (29.5)% and 18.6%, respectively and for the six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019 were (4.0)% and 19.1%, respectively. The rate decrease in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020 compared to the comparable prior year periods is primarily due to Swiss tax reform and changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions.
Foreign income as a percentage of worldwide income is estimated to be 72% for fiscal 2020 compared to 68% for fiscal 2019. The foreign effective income tax rates for the six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019 were (2.4)% and 11.1%, respectively. The rate decrease compared to the prior year period is primarily due to Swiss tax reform and changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. Income from the Company's Swiss subsidiary comprised a substantial portion of the Company's overall foreign mix of income and was taxed at an effective income tax rate of approximately 6% in both the current and prior year quarter of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019.
9. Warranty
The Company provides for estimated product warranty expenses when the related products are sold, with related liabilities included within accrued expenses and other liabilities. As warranty estimates are forecasts that are based on the best available information, primarily historical claims experience, costs of claims may ultimately differ from amounts provided. An analysis of changes in the liability for product warranties is as follows:

|  | Quarter ended |  | Six months ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 56,179 |  |  | $ | 49,689 |  |  | $ | 54,568 |  |  | $ | 50,602 |
Current period provisions |  | 6,475 |  |  | 6,181 |  |  | 13,994 |  |  | 11,017 |
Costs incurred |  | (7,227 | ) |  | (7,920 | ) |  | (13,175 | ) |  | (12,301 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (491 | ) |  | (217 | ) |  | (451 | ) |  | (1,585 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 54,936 |  |  | $ | 47,733 |  |  | $ | 54,936 |  |  | $ | 47,733 |

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10. Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation
Litigation and Other Legal Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to pending and threatened legal actions and proceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. These actions and proceedings are generally based on alleged violations of environmental, anticompetition, employment, contract and other laws. In some of these actions and proceedings, claims for substantial monetary damages are asserted against the Company and its subsidiaries. In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to regulatory and governmental examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries, investigations, and threatened legal actions and proceedings. In connection with formal and informal inquiries by federal, state, local and foreign agencies, the Company and its subsidiaries receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders for documents, testimony and information in connection with various aspects of their activities.
European Competition Investigations
Certain of the Company’s European subsidiaries had received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews from, and have had on-site inspections conducted by, the competition authorities of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands relating to conduct and anticompetitive practices of certain industrial battery participants.
The Company settled the Belgian regulatory proceeding in February 2016 by acknowledging certain anticompetitive practices and conduct and agreeing to pay a fine of $1,962, which was paid in March 2016. During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company also paid $1,272 towards certain aspects related to this matter, which are under appeal. As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company did not have a reserve balance for these matters.
In June 2017, the Company settled a portion of its previously disclosed proceeding involving the German competition authority relating to conduct involving the Company's motive power battery business and agreed to pay a fine of $14,811, which was paid in July 2017. As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company did not have a reserve balance relating to this matter. Also, in March 2019, the Company settled the remaining portion of its previously disclosed proceeding involving the German competition authority relating to conduct involving the Company’s reserve power battery business and agreed to pay a fine of $7,258, which was paid in April 2019. As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company had a reserve balance of $0 and $7,258, respectively.
The foregoing estimate of losses is based upon currently available information for these proceedings. However, the precise scope, timing and time period at issue, as well as the final outcome of the investigations or customer claims, remain uncertain. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate may change from time to time, and actual losses could vary.
Environmental Issues
As a result of its operations, the Company is subject to various federal, state, and local, as well as international environmental laws and regulations and is exposed to the costs and risks of registering, handling, processing, storing, transporting, and disposing of hazardous substances, especially lead and acid. The Company’s operations are also subject to federal, state, local and international occupational safety and health regulations, including laws and regulations relating to exposure to lead in the workplace.
The Company is responsible for certain cleanup obligations at the former Yuasa battery facility in Sumter, South Carolina, that predates its ownership of this facility. This manufacturing facility was closed in 2001 and the Company established a reserve for this facility, which was $1,060 and $1,081 as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Based on current information, the Company’s management believes this reserve is adequate to satisfy the Company’s environmental liabilities at this facility. This facility is separate from the Company’s current metal fabrication facility in Sumter.
Lead and Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
To stabilize its lead costs and reduce volatility from currency movements, the Company enters into contracts with financial institutions. The vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. Please refer to Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments for more details.
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11. Restructuring, Exit and Other Charges
Restructuring Plans
During fiscal 2018, the Company announced restructuring programs to improve efficiencies primarily related to supply chain and general operations in EMEA. The Company estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $7,400, primarily from cash charges for employee severance-related payments and other charges. The Company estimates that these actions will result in the reduction of approximately 80 employees upon completion. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded non-cash restructuring charges of $69 and cash charges of $2,260 and an additional $3,104 during fiscal 2019. The Company incurred $1,350 in costs against the accrual in fiscal 2018 and an additional $2,844 in fiscal 2019. During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $248 and incurred $425 in costs against the accrual. As of September 29, 2019, the reserve balance associated with these actions is $865. The Company expects to be committed to an additional $1,700 in restructuring charges related to this action, which it expects to complete in fiscal 2021.
During fiscal 2019, the Company announced restructuring programs to improve efficiencies of its operations in EMEA. The Company estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $2,500, from charges primarily for employee severance-related payments to approximately 35 employees. During fiscal 2019, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $347 and incurred $83 in costs against the accrual. During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $537 and incurred $632 in costs against the accrual. As of September 29, 2019, the reserve balance associated with these actions is $156. The Company expects to complete these actions in fiscal 2021.
During fiscal 2019, the Company announced restructuring programs to improve efficiencies of its operations in the Americas. The Company estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $4,100, from cash and non-cash charges primarily for employee severance-related payments to approximately 85 employees. During fiscal 2019, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $1,970, non-cash charges of $2,095 and incurred $1,480 in costs against the accrual. During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company incurred $484 in costs against the accrual. As of September 29, 2019, the reserve balance associated with this action is $10. The Company expects to complete these actions in fiscal 2020.
During fiscal 2019, the Company announced a restructuring program to improve efficiencies of its operations in Asia and to convert its India operations from mainly reserve power production to motive power production. The Company estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $5,300, from cash charges primarily for employee severance-related payments to approximately 150 employees and non-cash charges related to the write-off of fixed assets. During fiscal 2019, the Company recorded cash restructuring charges of $2,772 and non-cash charges of $771 and incurred $1,683 in costs against the accrual. During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $631, non-cash charges of $130 and incurred $1,697 in costs against the accrual. As of September 29, 2019, the reserve balance associated with this action is $70. The Company expects to complete this action in fiscal 2020.
During fiscal 2020, the Company announced a restructuring program to improve efficiencies of its operations in the Americas. The Company estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $1,400, from cash charges primarily for employee severance-related payments to approximately 50 employees. During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $1,126 and incurred $687 in costs against the accrual. As of September 29, 2019, the reserve balance associated with this action is $441. The Company expects to complete this action in fiscal 2020.
A roll-forward of the restructuring reserve is as follows:

|  | Employee Severance |  | Other |  | Total
Balance as of March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 2,356 |  |  | $ | 596 |  |  | $ | 2,952 |
Accrued |  | 2,369 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 2,542 |
Costs incurred |  | (3,229 | ) |  | (696 | ) |  | (3,925 | )
Foreign currency impact |  | (24 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (27 | )
Balance as of September 29, 2019 |  | $ | 1,472 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |

Exit Charges
During fiscal 2019, the Company committed to a plan to close its facility in Targovishte, Bulgaria, which produced diesel-electric submarine batteries. Management determined that the future demand for batteries of diesel-electric submarines was not sufficient given the number of competitors in the market. Of the estimated total charges of $30,000 for all these actions, the Company had recorded charges amounting to $20,242 in fiscal 2019, relating to severance and inventory and fixed asset write-offs. The Company recorded an additional $1,325 relating to non-cash charges during the six months of fiscal 2020.
In keeping with its strategy of exiting the manufacture of batteries for diesel-electric submarines, during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company also sold certain licenses and assets for $2,031 and recorded a net gain of $892, which is reported in exit charges.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company wrote off $5,441 of assets at its Kentucky and Tennessee plants, as a result of its strategic product mix shift from traditional flooded batteries to maintenance free lead acid and lithium batteries.
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During the six months of fiscal 2019, as part of the aforementioned program to convert its India operations from mainly reserve power production to motive power production the Company also recorded a non-cash write-off of reserve power inventories of $526, which was reported in cost of goods sold.
Richmond, Kentucky Plant Fire
On September 19, 2019, a fire broke out in the battery formation area of the Company's Richmond, Kentucky motive power production facility. The Company maintains insurance policies for both property damage and business interruption and is in the early stages of assessing damage. Based on its initial assessment, the Company has written off $1,934 for the damage caused to its fixed assets and inventories. The Company also recorded a receivable of $1,934 related to its initial claims for recovery from its property and casualty insurance carriers.
12. Debt
The following summarizes the Company’s long-term debt as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019:

|  | September 29, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
|  | Principal |  | Unamortized Issuance Costs |  | Principal |  | Unamortized Issuance Costs
5.00% Senior Notes due 2023 |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 2,185 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 2,497 |
Amended Credit Facility, due 2022 |  | 822,625 |  |  | 2,622 |  |  | 677,315 |  |  | 3,062 |
|  | $ | 1,122,625 |  |  | $ | 4,807 |  |  | $ | 977,315 |  |  | $ | 5,559 |
Less: Unamortized issuance costs |  | 4,807 |  |  |  |  | 5,559 |  |  |
Long-term debt, net of unamortized issuance costs |  | $ | 1,117,818 |  |  |  |  | $ | 971,756 |  |  |

5.00% Senior Notes
The Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum and have an original face value of $300,000. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year and commenced on October 30, 2015. The Notes will mature on April 30, 2023, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased in full. The Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company. The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed (the “Guarantees”), jointly and severally, by certain of its subsidiaries that are guarantors (the “Guarantors”) under the Amended Credit Facility. The Guarantees are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Guarantors.
2017 Credit Facility and Subsequent Amendment
In fiscal 2018, the Company entered into a credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”). The 2017 Credit Facility scheduled to mature on September 30, 2022, comprised a $600,000 senior secured revolving credit facility (“2017 Revolver”) and a $150,000 senior secured term loan (“2017 Term Loan”). The Company utilized the borrowings from the 2017 Credit Facility to repay its pre-existing credit facility.
In fiscal 2019, the Company amended the 2017 Credit Facility (as amended, the “Amended Credit Facility”) to fund the Alpha acquisition. The Amended Credit Facility consists of $449,105 senior secured term loans (the “Amended 2017 Term Loan”), including a CAD 133,050 ($99,105) term loan and a $700,000 senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Amended 2017 Revolver”). The amendment resulted in an increase of the 2017 Term Loan and the 2017 Revolver by $299,105 and $100,000, respectively.
As of September 29, 2019, the Company had $389,000 outstanding under the Amended 2017 Revolver and $433,625 under the Amended 2017 Term Loan.
Subsequent to the amendment, the quarterly installments payable on the Amended 2017 Term Loan are $5,645 beginning December 31, 2018, $8,468 beginning December 31, 2019 and $11,290 beginning December 31, 2020 with a final payment of $320,000 on September 30, 2022. The Amended Credit Facility may be increased by an aggregate amount of $325,000 in revolving commitments and / or one or more new tranches of term loans, under certain conditions. Both the Amended 2017 Revolver and the Amended 2017 Term Loan bear interest, at the Company's option, at a rate per annum equal to either (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”) plus (i) LIBOR plus between 1.25% and 2.00% (currently 1.50% and based on the Company's consolidated net leverage ratio) or (ii) the U.S. Dollar Base Rate (which equals, for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, (b) Bank of America “Prime Rate” and (c) the Eurocurrency Base Rate plus 1%; provided that, if the Base Rate shall be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero) (iii) the CDOR Base Rate equal to the higher of (a) Bank of America “Prime Rate” and (b) average 30-day CDOR rate plus 0.50%. Obligations under the Amended Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the Company’s existing and future acquired assets, including substantially all of the capital stock of the Company’s United States subsidiaries that are guarantors under the Amended Credit Facility and up to 65% of the capital stock of certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries that are owned by the Company’s United States subsidiaries.
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The Amended Credit Facility allows for up to two temporary increases in the maximum leverage ratio from 3.50 x to 4.00 x for a four quarter period following an acquisition larger than $250,000. Effective December 7, 2018 through December 27, 2019, the maximum leverage ratio has been increased to 4.00 x.
The current portion of the Amended 2017 Term Loan of $33,888 is classified as long-term debt as the Company expects to refinance the future quarterly payments with revolver borrowings under the Amended Credit Facility.
Short-Term Debt
As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company had $34,351 and $54,490, respectively, of short-term borrowings. The weighted average interest rate on these borrowings was approximately 4% at September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019.
Letters of Credit
As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company had standby letters of credit of $4,306 and $3,955, respectively.
Debt Issuance Costs
Amortization expense, relating to debt issuance costs, included in interest expense was $374 and $314, respectively, for the quarters ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018 and $752 and $627 for the six months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $4,807 and $5,559, respectively, at September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019.
Available Lines of Credit
As of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company had available and undrawn, under all its lines of credit, $425,615 and $546,960, respectively, including $118,921 and $87,685, respectively, of uncommitted lines of credit as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019.
13. Retirement Plans
The following tables present the components of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost related to its defined benefit pension plans:

|  | United States Plans |  | International Plans
Quarter ended |  | Quarter ended
September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 252 |
Interest cost |  | 154 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 457 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (114 | ) |  | (135 | ) |  | (518 | ) |  | (535 | )
Amortization and deferral |  | 51 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 304 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 318 |  |  | $ | 478 |

|  | United States Plans |  | International Plans
Six months ended |  | Six months ended
September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 462 |  |  | $ | 507 |
Interest cost |  | 308 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 740 |  |  | 927 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (226 | ) |  | (257 | ) |  | (1,056 | ) |  | (1,087 | )
Amortization and deferral |  | 103 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 616 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 644 |  |  | $ | 963 |

14. Stock-Based Compensation
As of September 29, 2019, the Company maintains the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“2017 EIP”). The 2017 EIP reserved 4,173,554 shares of common stock for the grant of various classes of nonqualified stock options, restricted stock units, market condition-based on total shareholder return (“TSR”) and performance condition-based share units (“PSU”) and other forms of equity-based compensation.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense associated with its equity incentive plans of $4,994 for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and $4,788 for the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Stock-based compensation expense was 8,868 for the six months of fiscal 2020
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and $9,129 for the six months of fiscal 2019. The Company recognizes compensation expense using the straight-line method over the vesting period of the awards.
During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company granted to non-employee directors 32,460 restricted stock units, pursuant to the 2017 EIP. The awards vest immediately upon the date of grant and are settled in shares of common stock, six months after termination of service as a director.
During the six months of fiscal 2020, the Company granted to management and other key employees 284,109 non-qualified stock options that vest ratably over three years from the date of grant, 62,512 PSUs and 51,063 TSRs units that cliff vest three years from the date of grant, and 301,321 restricted stock units that vest ratably over four years from the date of grant.
Common stock activity during the six months of fiscal 2020 included the vesting of 162,119 restricted stock units, 171,980 TSRs and the exercise of 661 stock options.
As of September 29, 2019, there were 825,153 non-qualified stock options, 888,525 restricted stock units, 207,340 TSRs and 102,006 PSUs outstanding.
15. Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
Common Stock
The following demonstrates the change in the number of shares of common stock outstanding during the six months ended September 29, 2019:

Shares outstanding as of March 31, 2019 |  | 42,620,750 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  | (581,140 | )
Shares issued towards equity-based compensation plans, net of equity awards surrendered for option price and taxes |  | 242,224 |
Shares outstanding as of September 29, 2019 |  | 42,281,834 |

Treasury Stock
During the six months ended September 29, 2019, the Company purchased 581,140 shares for $34,561. At September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company held 12,803,302 and 12,227,773 shares as treasury stock, respectively. During the six months ended September 29, 2019, the Company also issued 5,611 shares out of its treasury stock, valued at $62.55 per share, on a LIFO basis, to participants under the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI ”)
The components of AOCI, net of tax, as of September 29, 2019 and March 31, 2019, are as follows:

|  | March 31, 2019 |  | Before Reclassifications |  | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI |  | September 29, 2019
Pension funded status adjustment |  | $ | (20,791 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | (20,317 | )
Net unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments |  | (130 | ) |  | 3,129 |  |  | (1,872 | ) |  | 1,127 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (121,761 | ) |  | (35,196 | ) |  | — |  |  | (156,957 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  | $ | (142,682 | ) |  | $ | (32,067 | ) |  | $ | (1,398 | ) |  | $ | (176,147 | )

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The following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the second quarter ended September 29, 2019:

Components of AOCI |  | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI |  | Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income Statement
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments |  | $ | (3,110 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold
Tax expense |  | 736 |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |  | $ | (2,374 | ) |  |
Defined benefit pension costs: |  |  |  |
Prior service costs and deferrals |  | $ | 296 |  |  | Net periodic benefit cost, included in other (income) expense, net - See Note 13
Tax benefit |  | (59 | ) |  |
Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax |  | $ | 237 |  |  |

The following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the second quarter ended September 30, 2018:

Components of AOCI |  | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI |  | Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income Statement
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments |  | $ | 3,308 |  |  | Cost of goods sold
Tax benefit |  | (777 | ) |  |
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax |  | $ | 2,531 |  |  |
Defined benefit pension costs: |  |  |  |
Prior service costs and deferrals |  | $ | 340 |  |  | Net periodic benefit cost, included in other (income) expense, net - See Note 13
Tax benefit |  | (40 | ) |  |
Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax |  | $ | 300 |  |  |

The following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the six months ended September 29, 2019:

Components of AOCI |  | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI |  | Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income Statement
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments |  | $ | (2,452 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold
Tax expense |  | 580 |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |  | $ | (1,872 | ) |  |
Defined benefit pension costs: |  |  |  |
Prior service costs and deferrals |  | $ | 601 |  |  | Net periodic benefit cost, included in other (income) expense, net - See Note 13
Tax benefit |  | (127 | ) |  |
Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax |  | $ | 474 |  |  |

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The following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the six months ended September 30, 2018:

Components of AOCI |  | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI |  | Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income Statement
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: |  |  |  |
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments |  | $ | 3,522 |  |  | Cost of goods sold
Tax benefit |  | (827 | ) |  |
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax |  | $ | 2,695 |  |  |
Defined benefit pension costs: |  |  |  |
Prior service costs and deferrals |  | $ | 708 |  |  | Net periodic benefit cost, included in other (income) expense, net - See Note 13
Tax benefit |  | (108 | ) |  |
Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax |  | $ | 600 |  |  |

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The following demonstrates the change in equity attributable to EnerSys stockholders and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests during the six months ended September 29, 2019:

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data) |  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Contra-Equity |  | Total EnerSys Stockholders’ Equity |  | Non- redeemable Non- Controlling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 512,696 |  |  | $ | (530,760 | ) |  | $ | 1,450,325 |  |  | $ | (142,682 | ) |  | $ | (7,840 | ) |  | $ | 1,282,287 |  |  | $ | 3,730 |  |  | $ | 1,286,017 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,874 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,874 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,874 |
Exercise of stock options |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |
Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,081 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,081 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,081 | )
Purchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,029 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,029 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23,029 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (80 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (80 | ) |  | — |  |  | (80 | )
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,636 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,636 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,636 |
Dividends ($0.175 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | (7,632 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,499 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,499 | )
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax benefit of $68) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax benefit of $720) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,329 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,329 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,329 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,128 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,128 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | (3,211 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 551 |  |  | $ | 510,577 |  |  | $ | (553,789 | ) |  | $ | 1,491,329 |  |  | $ | (147,902 | ) |  | $ | (7,840 | ) |  | $ | 1,292,926 |  |  | $ | 3,647 |  |  | $ | 1,296,573 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,994 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,994 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,994 |
Exercise of stock options |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | )
Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (169 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (169 | ) |  | — |  |  | (169 | )
Purchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,532 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,532 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,532 | )
Reissuance of treasury stock towards employee stock purchase plan |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |
Contra equity - adjustment to indemnification receivable for acquisition related tax liability |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,002 |  |  | 2,002 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,002 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62,698 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62,698 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,698 |
Dividends ($0.175 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | (7,608 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,399 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,399 | )
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax benefit of $59) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax expense of $1,112) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,586 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,068 | ) |  | — |  |  | (32,068 | ) |  | (131 | ) |  | (32,199 | )
Balance at September 29, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 551 |  |  | $ | 515,598 |  |  | $ | (565,108 | ) |  | $ | 1,546,419 |  |  | $ | (176,147 | ) |  | $ | (5,838 | ) |  | $ | 1,315,475 |  |  | $ | 3,516 |  |  | $ | 1,318,991 |

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The following demonstrates the change in equity attributable to EnerSys stockholders and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests during the six months ended September 30, 2018:

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data) |  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Contra-Equity |  | Total EnerSys Stockholders’ Equity |  | Non- redeemable Non- Controlling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 477,288 |  |  | $ | (560,991 | ) |  | $ | 1,320,549 |  |  | $ | (41,717 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,195,675 |  |  | $ | 5,436 |  |  | $ | 1,201,111 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,341 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,341 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,341 |
Exercise of stock options |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6,795 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,797 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,797 |
Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,453 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,453 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,453 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (152 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (152 | ) |  | — |  |  | (152 | )
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,860 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,860 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 46,020 |
Dividends ($0.175 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 141 |  |  | — |  |  | (7,512 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,371 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,371 | )
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax benefit of $68) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax expense of $306) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,005 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (71,664 | ) |  | — |  |  | (71,664 | ) |  | (499 | ) |  | (72,163 | )
Balance at July 1, 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 484,960 |  |  | $ | (560,991 | ) |  | $ | 1,358,897 |  |  | $ | (112,076 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,171,338 |  |  | $ | 5,097 |  |  | $ | 1,176,435 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,788 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,788 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,788 |
Exercise of stock options |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,469 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,469 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,469 |
Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,424 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,424 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 47,447 |
Dividends ($0.175 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |  |  | — |  |  | (7,563 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,376 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,376 | )
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax benefit of $40) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax benefit of $1,899) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,179 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,179 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,179 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,927 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,927 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | (14,150 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 491,472 |  |  | $ | (560,991 | ) |  | $ | 1,398,758 |  |  | $ | (131,882 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,197,905 |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | $ | 1,202,802 |

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16. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the reconciliation from basic to diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the calculations of net earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders.

|  | Quarter ended |  | Six months ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | $ | 62,698 |  |  | $ | 47,424 |  |  | $ | 111,334 |  |  | 93,284 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 42,392,039 |  |  | 42,133,484 |  |  | 42,524,189 |  |  | 42,073,015 |
Dilutive effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares from exercise and lapse of equity awards, net of shares assumed reacquired |  | 316,043 |  |  | 640,222 |  |  | 389,069 |  |  | 600,829 |
Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |  | 42,708,082 |  |  | 42,773,706 |  |  | 42,913,258 |  |  | 42,673,844 |
Basic earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 2.62 |  |  | $ | 2.22 |
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 2.59 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |
Anti-dilutive equity awards not included in diluted weighted-average common shares |  | 1,005,326 |  |  | 409,425 |  |  | 831,068 |  |  | 286,755 |

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17. Business Segments
The Company's three reportable segments, based on geographic regions, are as follows:

• | Americas, which includes North and South America, with segment headquarters in Reading, Pennsylvania, USA;

• | EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa, with segment headquarters in Zug, Switzerland; and

• | Asia, which includes Asia, Australia and Oceania, with segment headquarters in Singapore.

Summarized financial information related to the Company's reportable segments for the second quarter and six months ended September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, is shown below:

|  | Quarter ended |  | Six months ended
|  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 29, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Net sales by segment to unaffiliated customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 524,939 |  |  | $ | 388,574 |  |  | $ | 1,042,049 |  |  | $ | 781,148 |
EMEA |  | 182,803 |  |  | 203,997 |  |  | 386,001 |  |  | 414,491 |
Asia |  | 54,395 |  |  | 67,891 |  |  | 114,317 |  |  | 135,753 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 762,137 |  |  | $ | 660,462 |  |  | $ | 1,542,367 |  |  | $ | 1,331,392 |
Net sales by product line |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve power |  | $ | 426,822 |  |  | $ | 313,338 |  |  | $ | 862,665 |  |  | $ | 637,356 |
Motive power |  | 335,315 |  |  | 347,124 |  |  | 679,702 |  |  | 694,036 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 762,137 |  |  | $ | 660,462 |  |  | $ | 1,542,367 |  |  | $ | 1,331,392 |
Intersegment sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 8,864 |  |  | $ | 7,888 |  |  | $ | 17,428 |  |  | $ | 13,746 |
EMEA |  | 37,842 |  |  | 35,039 |  |  | 74,723 |  |  | 67,126 |
Asia |  | 5,084 |  |  | 8,055 |  |  | 12,042 |  |  | 15,669 |
Total intersegment sales (1) |  | $ | 51,790 |  |  | $ | 50,982 |  |  | $ | 104,193 |  |  | $ | 96,541 |
Operating earnings by segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 52,137 |  |  | $ | 48,306 |  |  | $ | 106,493 |  |  | $ | 96,042 |
EMEA |  | 13,295 |  |  | 13,829 |  |  | 29,006 |  |  | 31,032 |
Asia |  | (440 | ) |  | 2,343 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 3,848 |
Restructuring charges - Americas |  | (541 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,126 | ) |  | — |
Restructuring and other exit charges - EMEA |  | (32 | ) |  | (1,007 | ) |  | (1,326 | ) |  | (2,199 | )
Restructuring charges - Asia |  | (268 | ) |  | (114 | ) |  | (761 | ) |  | (661 | )
Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities - Asia |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (526 | )
Fixed asset write-off relating to exit activities and other - Americas |  | (5,441 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,441 | ) |  | — |
Total operating earnings (2) |  | $ | 58,710 |  |  | $ | 63,357 |  |  | $ | 127,046 |  |  | $ | 127,536 |

(1) Intersegment sales are presented on a cost-plus basis, which takes into consideration the effect of transfer prices between legal entities.
(2) The Company does not allocate interest expense or other (income) expense to the reportable segments.
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment during fiscal 2020 are as follows:

|  | Americas |  | EMEA |  | Asia |  | Total
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 470,194 |  |  | $ | 143,269 |  |  | $ | 42,936 |  |  | $ | 656,399 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (538 | ) |  | (4,732 | ) |  | (1,893 | ) |  | (7,163 | )
Balance as of September 29, 2019 |  | $ | 469,656 |  |  | $ | 138,537 |  |  | $ | 41,043 |  |  | $ | 649,236 |

18. Subsequent Events
On November 6, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock to be paid on
December 27, 2019, to stockholders of record as of December 13, 2019.
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On September 30, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the equity of N Holding AB (aka NorthStar) for $78,000 in cash consideration and the assumption of $104,500 in debt, which was funded using existing cash and credit facilities. NorthStar, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, through its direct and indirect subsidiaries, manufactures and distributes thin plate pure lead (TPPL) batteries and battery enclosures.
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of EnerSys. EnerSys and its representatives may, from time to time, make written or verbal forward-looking statements, including statements contained in EnerSys’ filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and its reports to stockholders. Generally, the inclusion of the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “estimate,” “will,” “plans,” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions identify statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that are intended to come within the safe harbor protection provided by those sections. All statements addressing operating performance, events, or developments that EnerSys expects or anticipates will occur in the future, including statements relating to sales growth, earnings or earnings per share growth, and market share, as well as statements expressing optimism or pessimism about future operating results, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Reform Act. The forward-looking statements are and will be based on management’s then-current beliefs and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance and on information currently available to management, and are applicable only as of the dates of such statements.
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements due to a number of uncertainties and risks, including the risks described in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2019 Annual Report”) and other unforeseen risks. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if subsequently made available by us on our website or otherwise, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements for a number of reasons, including the following factors:

• | general cyclical patterns of the industries in which our customers operate;

• | the extent to which we cannot control our fixed and variable costs;

• | the raw materials in our products may experience significant fluctuations in market price and availability;

• | certain raw materials constitute hazardous materials that may give rise to costly environmental and safety claims;

• | legislation regarding the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in our products;

• | risks involved in our operations such as disruption of markets, changes in import and export laws, environmental regulations, currency restrictions and local currency exchange rate fluctuations;

• | our ability to raise our selling prices to our customers when our product costs increase;

• | the extent to which we are able to efficiently utilize our global manufacturing facilities and optimize our capacity;

• | general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate;

• | competitiveness of the battery markets and other energy solutions for industrial applications throughout the world;

• | our timely development of competitive new products and product enhancements in a changing environment and the acceptance of such products and product enhancements by customers;

• | our ability to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property, technology and brand names;

• | litigation and regulatory proceedings to which we might be subject;

• | our expectations concerning indemnification obligations;

• | changes in our market share in the geographic business segments where we operate;

• | our ability to implement our cost reduction initiatives successfully and improve our profitability;

• | quality problems associated with our products;

• | our ability to implement business strategies, including our acquisition strategy, manufacturing expansion and restructuring plans;

• | our acquisition strategy may not be successful in locating advantageous targets;

• | our ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies, strategic gains, and cost savings may be significantly harder to achieve, if at all, or may take longer to achieve;

• | potential goodwill impairment charges, future impairment charges and fluctuations in the fair values of reporting units or of assets in the event projected financial results are not achieved within expected time frames;

• | our debt and debt service requirements which may restrict our operational and financial flexibility, as well as imposing unfavorable interest and financing costs;

• | our ability to maintain our existing credit facilities or obtain satisfactory new credit facilities;

• | adverse changes in our short and long-term debt levels under our credit facilities;

• | our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on our variable-rate debt;

• | our ability to attract and retain qualified management and personnel;

• | our ability to maintain good relations with labor unions;

• | credit risk associated with our customers, including risk of insolvency and bankruptcy;

• | our ability to successfully recover in the event of a disaster affecting our infrastructure , supply chain, or our facilities, such as the Richmond, Kentucky facility, including, but not limited to, satisfactory resolution of insurance coverage and claims for both property damage, business interruption and other insurable losses, strategy for business interruption and revenue loss;

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• | terrorist acts or acts of war, could cause damage or disruption to our operations, our suppliers, channels to market or customers, or could cause costs to increase, or create political or economic instability; and

• | the operation, capacity and security of our information systems and infrastructure.

This list of factors that may affect future performance is illustrative, but by no means exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty.
In the following discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition, certain financial measures may be considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under Securities and Exchange Commission rules. These rules require supplemental explanation and reconciliation, which is provided in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. EnerSys’ management uses the non-GAAP measures “primary working capital” and “primary working capital percentage” in its evaluation of business segment cash flow and financial position performance. These disclosures have limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for cash flow determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Management believes that this non-GAAP supplemental information is helpful in understanding the Company’s ongoing operating results.
Overview
EnerSys (the “Company,” “we,” or “us”) is the world’s largest manufacturer, marketer and distributor of industrial batteries. We also manufacture, market and distribute products such as battery chargers, power equipment, battery accessories, and outdoor cabinet enclosures. Additionally, we provide related aftermarket and customer-support services for our products. We market our products globally to over 10,000 customers in more than 100 countries through a network of distributors, independent representatives and our internal sales force.
We operate and manage our business in three geographic regions of the world—Americas, EMEA and Asia, as described below. Our business is highly decentralized with manufacturing locations throughout the world. More than half of our manufacturing capacity is located outside the United States, and approximately 40% of our net sales were generated outside the United States. The Company currently has three reportable business segments based on geographic regions, defined as follows:

• | Americas, which includes North and South America, with our segment headquarters in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.;

• | EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa, with our segment headquarters in Zug, Switzerland; and

• | Asia, which includes Asia, Australia and Oceania, with our segment headquarters in Singapore.

We did not change our reportable segments this quarter as previously disclosed. We are continuing to make our evaluation based on more current information.
Alpha Acquisition
On December 7, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Alpha Technologies Services, Inc. (“ATS”) and Alpha Technologies Ltd. (“ATL”), resulting in ATS and ATL becoming wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company (the “share purchase”). Additionally, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Alpha Technologies Inc. and certain assets of Altair Advanced Industries, Inc. and other affiliates of ATS and ATL (all such sellers, together with ATS and ATL, “Alpha”), in each case in accordance with the terms and conditions of certain restructuring agreements (collectively, the “asset acquisition” and together with the share purchase, the “acquisition”). Based in Bellingham, Washington, Alpha is a global industry leader in the comprehensive commercial-grade energy solutions for broadband, telecom, renewable, industrial and traffic customers around the world. The initial purchase consideration for the acquisition was $750.0 million of which $650.0 million was paid in cash and the balance was settled by issuing 1,177,630 shares of EnerSys common stock. These shares were issued out of the Company's treasury stock and were valued at $84.92 per share, which was based on the thirty-day volume weighted average stock price of the Company’s common stock at closing, in accordance with the purchase agreement. The 1,177,630 shares had a closing date fair value of $93.3 million, based upon the December 7, 2018 closing date spot rate of $79.20. The total purchase consideration, consisting of cash paid of $650.0 million, shares valued at $93.3 million and adjustment for working capital (due from seller of $0.8 million) was $742.5 million.
The results of operations of Alpha have been included in the Company’s Americas segment.
NorthStar Acquisition
On September 30, 2019, we completed the acquisition of NorthStar, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, for $78.0 million in cash consideration and the assumption of $104.5 million in debt, which was funded using existing cash and credit facilities. NorthStar, through its direct and indirect subsidiaries, manufactures and distributes thin plate pure lead (TPPL) batteries and battery enclosures.
Economic Climate
Recent indicators suggest a slowdown in economic activity among all the different geographical regions in which we do business.
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Volatility of Commodities and Foreign Currencies
Our most significant commodity and foreign currency exposures are related to lead and the Euro, respectively. Historically, volatility of commodity costs and foreign currency exchange rates have caused large swings in our production costs. As the global economic climate changes, we anticipate that our commodity costs and foreign currency exposures may continue to fluctuate as they have in the past several years.
Customer Pricing
Our selling prices fluctuated during the last several years to offset the volatile cost of commodities. Approximately 30% of our revenue is currently subject to agreements that adjust pricing to a market-based index for lead. During fiscal 2019, our selling prices rose in response to increased lead and other commodity costs. Lead prices rose for the most part of fiscal 2018, peaked in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and then declined sequentially in every quarter in fiscal 2019. In the first half of our fiscal 2020, our selling prices declined in response to declining commodity costs. Based on current commodity markets, we will likely see continued year over year benefits from declining commodity costs, with some related reduction in our selling prices in the upcoming year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that our financial position is strong, and we have substantial liquidity with $425 million of available cash and cash equivalents and available and undrawn credit lines of approximately $426 million at September 29, 2019 to cover short-term liquidity requirements and anticipated growth in the foreseeable future.
A substantial majority of the Company’s cash and investments are held by foreign subsidiaries and are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and expected to be utilized to fund local operating activities, capital expenditure requirements and acquisitions. The Company believes that it has sufficient sources of domestic and foreign liquidity.
We believe that our strong capital structure and liquidity affords us access to capital for future acquisition and stock repurchase opportunities and continued dividend payments.
Results of Operations
Net Sales
Net sales increased $101.6 million or 15.4% in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 as compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019. This increase was the result of a 22% increase due to the Alpha acquisition, partially offset by a 4% decrease in organic volume, a 2% decrease in foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease in pricing.
Net sales increased $210.9 million or 15.8% in the six months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the six months of fiscal 2019. This increase was the result of a 22% increase due to the Alpha acquisition, partially offset by a 3% decrease in organic volume, a 2% decrease in foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease in pricing.
Segment sales

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Americas |  | $ | 524.9 |  |  | 68.9 | % |  | $ | 388.6 |  |  | 58.8 | % |  | $ | 136.3 |  |  | 35.1 | %
EMEA |  | 182.8 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 204.0 |  |  | 30.9 |  |  | (21.2 | ) |  | (10.4 | )
Asia |  | 54.4 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 67.9 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | (13.5 | ) |  | (19.9 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 762.1 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 660.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 101.6 |  |  | 15.4 | %

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|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Americas |  | $ | 1,042.0 |  |  | 67.6 | % |  | $ | 781.1 |  |  | 58.7 | % |  | $ | 260.9 |  |  | 33.4 | %
EMEA |  | 386.0 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 414.5 |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | (28.5 | ) |  | (6.9 | )
Asia |  | 114.3 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 135.8 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | (21.5 | ) |  | (15.8 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,542.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,331.4 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 210.9 |  |  | 15.8 | %

The Americas segment’s net sales increased $136.3 million or 35.1% in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 as compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 38% increase from the Alpha acquisition, partially offset by a 1% decrease each in organic volume, pricing and foreign currency translation impact. Net sales increased $260.9 or 33.4% in the six months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the six months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 38% increase from the Alpha acquisition, partially offset by a 3% decrease in organic volume and a 1% decrease each in pricing and foreign currency translation impact.
The EMEA segment’s net sales decreased $21.2 million or 10.4% in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 as compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 5% decrease in foreign currency translation impact, a 4% decrease in organic volume and a 1% decrease in pricing. Net sales decreased $28.5 or 6.9% in the six months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the six months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 5% decrease due to foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease each in organic volume and pricing.
The Asia segment’s net sales decreased $13.5 million or 19.9% in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 as compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 17% decrease in organic volume and a 3% decrease in foreign currency translation impact. Net sales decreased $21.5 or 15.8% in the six months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the six months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 12% decrease in organic volume and a 4% decrease in foreign currency translation impact.
Product line sales

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Reserve power |  | $ | 426.8 |  |  | 56.0 | % |  | $ | 313.4 |  |  | 47.4 | % |  | $ | 113.4 |  |  | 36.2 | %
Motive power |  | 335.3 |  |  | 44.0 |  |  | 347.1 |  |  | 52.6 |  |  | (11.8 | ) |  | (3.4 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 762.1 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 660.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 101.6 |  |  | 15.4 | %

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Reserve power |  | $ | 862.6 |  |  | 55.9 | % |  | $ | 637.4 |  |  | 47.9 | % |  | $ | 225.2 |  |  | 35.4 | %
Motive power |  | 679.7 |  |  | 44.1 |  |  | 694.0 |  |  | 52.1 |  |  | (14.3 | ) |  | (2.1 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,542.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,331.4 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 210.9 |  |  | 15.8 | %

Net sales of our reserve power products in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 increased $113.4 million or 36.2% compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily due to a 46% increase from the Alpha acquisition, partially offset by a 7% decrease in organic volume, a 2% decrease in foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease in pricing. The decrease in organic volume is primarily from the deferral of spending by telecom and broadband customers and the conclusion of a large enclosure order a year ago. Net sales increased $225.2 or 35.4% in the six months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the six months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 47% increase from the Alpha acquisition, partially offset by a 9% decrease in organic volume, a 2% decrease in foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease in pricing.
Net sales of our motive power products segment in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased by $11.8 million or 3.4% compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a 2% decrease in foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease in pricing. Net sales decreased $14.3 or 2.1% in the six months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the six months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a 3% decrease in foreign currency translation impact and a 1% decrease in pricing, partially offset by a 2% increase in organic volume.
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Gross Profit

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Gross Profit |  | $ | 197.3 |  |  | 25.9 | % |  | $ | 160.9 |  |  | 24.4 | % |  | $ | 36.4 |  |  | 22.7 | %

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Gross Profit |  | $ | 398.8 |  |  | 25.9 | % |  | $ | 326.2 |  |  | 24.5 | % |  | $ | 72.6 |  |  | 22.3 | %

Gross profit increased $36.4 million or 22.7% in the second quarter and increased $72.6 million or 22.3% in the six months of fiscal 2020 compared to the comparable periods of fiscal 2019. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, increased 150 basis points and 140 basis points in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020 compared to the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019, respectively. This increase in the gross profit margin in both the second quarter and six months, is largely a function of declines in commodity costs relative to pricing, as well as the impact of Alpha's higher margins, partially offset by higher manufacturing costs.
Operating Items

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Operating expenses |  | $ | 132.3 |  |  | 17.4 | % |  | $ | 96.5 |  |  | 14.6 | % |  | $ | 35.8 |  |  | 37.3 | %
Restructuring charges |  | $ | 6.3 |  |  | 0.8 | % |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | NM |

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Operating expenses |  | $ | 263.1 |  |  | 17.1 | % |  | $ | 195.8 |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | $ | 67.3 |  |  | 34.4 | %
Restructuring charges |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | NM |

NM = not meaningful
Operating expenses, as a percentage of sales, increased 280 basis points and 240 basis points in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to the comparable periods of fiscal 2019. Excluding the impact of the foreign currency translation, the increase in dollars reflects the inclusion of Alpha and the additional investments in new product development.
Selling expenses, our main component of operating expenses, were 44.3% and 44.7% of total operating expenses in the second quarter and six months, respectively, compared to 47.9% and 48.7% of total operating expenses in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019.
Restructuring, Exit and Other Charges
Included in our second quarter of fiscal 2020 operating results are restructuring charges of $0.5 million in the Americas and $0.3 million in Asia, all of which relate to improving operational efficiencies in the respective regions. Also included in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 operating results are non-cash exit charges of $0.7 million in EMEA, relating to the closure of our facility in Targovishte, Bulgaria.
In keeping with our strategy of exiting the manufacture of batteries for diesel-electric submarines, during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we sold certain licenses and assets for $2.0 million and recorded a net gain of $0.9 million, which is reported as other exit charges.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we wrote off $5.5 million of assets at our Kentucky and Tennessee plants, as a result of our strategic product mix shift from traditional flooded batteries to maintenance free lead acid and lithium batteries.
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Included in our second quarter of fiscal 2019 operating results are restructuring charges of $1.0 million in EMEA and $0.1 million in Asia. The charges in the EMEA relate to improving efficiencies of our general operations, while charges in Asia relate to a strategic shift in our India operations from reserve power production to motive power production.
Richmond, Kentucky Plant Fire
On September 19, 2019, a fire broke out in the battery formation area of our Richmond, Kentucky motive power production facility. We maintain insurance policies for both property damage and business interruption and are in the early stages of assessing damage. Based on our initial assessment, we have written off $1.9 million for the damage caused to our fixed assets and inventories. We also recorded a receivable of $1.9 million, related to our initial claims for recovery from our property and casualty insurance carriers.
Operating Earnings

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales (1) |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales (1) |  | In Millions |  | %
Americas |  | $ | 52.1 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | $ | 48.3 |  |  | 12.4 | % |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | 7.9 | %
EMEA |  | 13.3 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 13.8 |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (3.9 | )%
Asia |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | 2.3 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  | NM |
Subtotal |  | 65.0 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 64.4 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | (0.8 | )
Restructuring charges - Americas |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  | NM |
Restructuring and other exit charges - EMEA |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | 1.0 |  |  | (96.8 | )
Restructuring charges - Asia |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | NM |
Fixed asset write-off relating to exit activities and other - Americas |  | (5.5 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.5 | ) |  | NM |
Total operating earnings |  | $ | 58.7 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | $ | 63.3 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | $ | (4.6 | ) |  | (7.3 | )%

NM = not meaningful
(1) The percentages shown for the segments are computed as a percentage of the applicable segment’s net sales.

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales (1) |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales (1) |  | In Millions |  | %
Americas |  | $ | 106.5 |  |  | 10.2 | % |  | $ | 96.1 |  |  | 12.3 | % |  | $ | 10.4 |  |  | 10.9 | %
EMEA |  | 29.0 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 31.0 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  | (6.5 | )%
Asia |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | (3.6 | ) |  | (94.8 | )
Subtotal |  | 135.7 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 130.9 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 3.6 |
Restructuring charges - Americas |  | (1.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  | NM |
Restructuring and other exit charges - EMEA |  | (1.3 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (2.2 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | 0.9 |  |  | (39.7 | )
Restructuring charges - Asia |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 15.1 |
Fixed asset write-off relating to exit activities and other - Americas |  | (5.5 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.5 | ) |  | NM |
Inventory write-off relating to exit activities - Asia |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 0.5 |  |  | NM |
Total operating earnings |  | $ | 127.0 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | $ | 127.5 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.4 | )%

NM = not meaningful
(1) The percentages shown for the segments are computed as a percentage of the applicable segment’s net sales.
Operating earnings decreased $4.6 million or 7.3% and decreased $0.5 million or 0.4% in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019. Operating earnings, as a percentage of net sales, decreased 190 basis points and 140 basis points in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to ERP execution challenges at our Richmond, Kentucky, facility which continued to result in missed sales opportunities and higher manufacturing costs as well as the decline in our organic volume across all the regions.
The Americas segment's operating earnings, excluding restructuring, exit and other charges, decreased 250 basis points and 210 basis points in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019. The decrease
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is primarily due to ERP execution challenges at our Richmond, Kentucky, facility which continued to result in missed sales opportunities, tariffs and higher manufacturing costs. This negative impact was partially offset by the impact of lower commodity costs and Alpha's contribution to operating earnings of $18 million or 12.6% of its sales for the second quarter and $35 million or 11.8% of its sales for the six months of fiscal 2020.
The EMEA segment's operating earnings, excluding restructuring and other exit charges, increased 50 basis points in the second quarter and remained flat in the six months of fiscal 2020, compared to the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019 due to lower commodity costs offset by lower pricing.
The Asia segment's operating earnings, excluding restructuring charges, decreased 430 basis points and 260 basis points in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019 primarily due to lower organic volume caused by the slowdown in the Chinese economy.
Interest Expense

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Interest expense |  | $ | 10.1 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | 57.5 | %

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Interest expense |  | $ | 21.0 |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | $ | 8.1 |  |  | 62.4 | %

Interest expense of $10.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 (net of interest income of $0.6 million) was $3.7 million higher than the interest expense of $6.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 (net of interest income of $0.5 million). Interest expense of $21.0 million in the six months of fiscal 2020 (net of interest income of $1.1 million) was $8.1 million higher than the interest expense of $12.9 million in the six months of fiscal 2019 (net of interest income of $1.4 million).
The increase in interest expense in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020 is primarily due to higher average debt. Our average debt outstanding was $1,059.8 million in both the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020 compared to $628.3 million and $619.8 million in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019. The increased borrowings were primarily to fund the Alpha acquisition in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.
Included in interest expense are non-cash charges for deferred financing fees of $0.4 million and $0.7 million in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020 compared to $0.3 million and $0.6 million, in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019.
Other (Income) Expense, Net

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Other (income) expense, net |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | (1.3 | ) |  | (0.2 | )% |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | NM

NM = not meaningful

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Other (income) expense, net |  | $ | (1.0 | ) |  | (0.1 | )% |  | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.1 | )% |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | (4.4 | )%

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Other (income) expense, net in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 was expense of $0.2 million compared to income of $1.3 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Other (income) expense, net in the six months of fiscal 2020 was income of $1.0 million compared to income of $0.9 million in the six months of fiscal 2019. Foreign currency impact resulted in a loss of $0.2 million and a gain of $1.1 million, in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to a foreign currency gain of $1.8 million and $2.2 million in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2019.
Earnings Before Income Taxes

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 48.4 |  |  | 6.4 | % |  | $ | 58.2 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | $ | (9.8 | ) |  | (16.9 | )%

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 107.0 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  | $ | 115.5 |  |  | 8.7 | % |  | $ | (8.5 | ) |  | (7.4 | )%

As a result of the above, earnings before income taxes in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $9.8 million, or 16.9%, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and decreased $8.5 million or 7.4%, in the six months of fiscal 2020, compared to the six months of fiscal 2019.
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

|  | Quarter ended September 29, 2019 |  | Quarter ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Income tax (benefit) expense |  | $ | (14.3 | ) |  | (1.8 | )% |  | $ | 10.8 |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | $ | (25.1 | ) |  | NM
Effective tax rate |  | (29.5)% |  | 18.6% |  | (48.1)%

|  | Six months ended September 29, 2019 |  | Six Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | Percentage of Total Net Sales |  | In Millions |  | %
Income tax (benefit) expense |  | $ | (4.3 | ) |  | (0.3 | )% |  | $ | 22.1 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | $ | (26.4 | ) |  | NM
Effective tax rate |  | (4.0)% |  | 19.1% |  | (23.1)%

NM = not meaningful
The Company’s income tax provision consists of federal, state and foreign income taxes. The tax provision for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019 was based on the estimated effective tax rates applicable for the full years ending March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, after giving effect to items specifically related to the interim periods. Our effective income tax rate with respect to any period may be volatile based on the mix of income in the tax jurisdictions in which we operate, change in tax laws and the amount of our consolidated income before taxes.
On May 19, 2019, a public referendum held in Switzerland approved the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV (Old-Age and Survivors Insurance) Financing (TRAF) as adopted by the Swiss Federal Parliament on September 28, 2018. The Swiss tax reform measures are effective January 1, 2020. Certain provisions of the TRAF were enacted during the current quarter. Significant changes in the tax reform include the abolishment of preferential tax regimes for holding companies, domicile companies and mixed companies at the cantonal level. The transitional provisions of the TRAF allow companies to elect tax basis adjustments to fair value, which is used for tax depreciation and amortization purposes resulting in a deduction over the transitional period. We recorded a deferred tax asset of $21.0 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, related to the amortizable goodwill, subject to final negotiations with the Swiss federal and cantonal tax authority.
The consolidated effective income tax rates for the second quarters of fiscal 2020 and 2019 were (29.5)% and 18.6%, respectively and were (4.0)% and 19.1% for the six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The rate decrease in the second quarter and six months of fiscal
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2020 compared to the comparable prior year periods is primarily due to Swiss tax reform and changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions.
Foreign income as a percentage of worldwide income is estimated to be 72% for fiscal 2020 compared to 68% for fiscal 2019. The foreign effective income tax rates for the six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019 were (2.4)% and 11.1%, respectively. The rate decrease compared to the prior year period is primarily due to Swiss tax reform and changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. Income from the Company's Swiss subsidiary comprised a substantial portion of our overall foreign mix of income and is taxed at an effective income tax rate of approximately 6% in both the current and prior year quarter of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those discussed under the caption “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2019 Annual Report. The adoption of ASC 842 did not result in a material change to our current critical accounting estimates. See Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, for further information on the adoption of ASC 842.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow Analysis
Operating activities provided cash of $105.1 million in the six months of fiscal 2020 compared to $84.0 million in the comparable period of fiscal 2019. In the six months of fiscal 2020, cash provided by operating activities was primarily from net earnings of $111.3 million, depreciation and amortization of $41.1 million, non-cash charges relating to restructuring, exit and other charges of $10.0 million, stock-based compensation of $8.9 million, provision for doubtful debts of $3.2 million and non-cash interest of $0.8 million, partially offset by deferred taxes of $21.0 million resulting from the Swiss Tax Reform. Cash provided by earnings adjusted for non-cash items were partially offset by the increase in primary working capital of $6.9 million, net of currency translation changes. Accrued expenses decreased by $18.5 million primarily for payments of $7.3 million related to the German competition authority matter (See Note 10 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and $6.1 million paid to the seller in connection with the Alpha acquisition, for certain reimbursable pre-acquisition items. Prepaid and other current assets increased by $18.2 million, primarily due to contract assets of $8.0 million, $4.0 million receivable from the Seller (Alpha) and insurance receivable of $1.9 million relating to the Richmond plant claim. Other liabilities decreased by $10.0 million due to income taxes.
In the six months of fiscal 2019, cash provided by operating activities was primarily from net earnings of $93.4 million, depreciation and amortization of $27.3 million, stock-based compensation of $9.1 million, non-cash charges relating to write-off of assets of $1.1 million, non-cash interest of $0.6 million and provision for deferred taxes of $0.8 million. Cash provided by earnings as adjusted for non-cash items were partially offset by the increase in primary working capital of $22.3 million, net of currency translation changes, and an outflow of $4.2 million relating to prepaid assets and $20.6 million relating to accrued expenses for income tax payments.
As explained in the discussion of our use of “non-GAAP financial measures,” we monitor the level and percentage of primary working capital to sales. Primary working capital for this purpose is trade accounts receivable, plus inventories, minus trade accounts payable. The resulting net amount is divided by the trailing three month net sales (annualized) to derive a primary working capital percentage. Primary working capital was $815.3 million (yielding a primary working capital percentage of 26.7%) at September 29, 2019, $835.6 million (yielding a primary working capital percentage of 26.2%) at March 31, 2019 and $666.0 million at September 30, 2018 (yielding a primary working capital percentage of 25.2%). The primary working capital percentage of 26.7% at September 29, 2019 is 50 basis points higher than that for March 31, 2019, and 150 basis points higher than that for the prior year period. The increase in primary working capital compared to the prior year period is primarily due to the inclusion of the Alpha primary working capital components, while the increase of 50 basis points increase from March 31, 2019 is primarily due to the build up of inventories partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable and payable, due to lower seasonal sales.
Primary working capital and primary working capital percentages at September 29, 2019, March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018 are computed as follows:

($ in Millions)
Balance At (1) |  | Trade Receivables |  | Inventory |  | Accounts Payable |  | Total |  | Quarter Revenue Annualized |  | Primary Working Capital %
September 29, 2019 |  | $ | 585.1 |  |  | $ | 507.1 |  |  | $ | (276.9 | ) |  | $ | 815.3 |  |  | $ | 3,048.5 |  |  | 26.7 | %
March 31, 2019 |  | 624.1 |  |  | 503.9 |  |  | (292.4 | ) |  | 835.6 |  |  | 3,186.4 |  |  | 26.2 |
September 30, 2018 |  | 519.5 |  |  | 396.4 |  |  | (249.9 | ) |  | 666.0 |  |  | 2,641.8 |  |  | 25.2 |

(1) The Company acquired Alpha on December 7, 2018, as disclosed in Note 4 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, the Primary working capital and related calculations as of September 30, 2018 do not include Alpha's primary working capital and its components.
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Investing activities used cash of $40.7 million in the six months of fiscal 2020 which primarily consisted of capital expenditures of $43.4 million, relating to plant improvements.
Investing activities used cash of $35.3 million in the six months of fiscal 2019 and primarily consisted of capital expenditures relating to plant improvements.
Financing activities provided cash of $68.8 million in the six months of fiscal 2020. During the six months of fiscal 2020, we borrowed $285.0 million under the Amended 2017 Revolver and repaid $135.0 million of the Amended 2017 Revolver. Repayment on the Amended 2017 Term Loan was $5.6 million and net payments on short-term debt were $20.0 million. Treasury stock open market purchases were $34.6 million, payment of cash dividends to our stockholders were $14.9 million and payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards were $6.2 million.
Financing activities provided cash of $6.8 million in the six months of fiscal 2019. During the six months of fiscal 2019, we borrowed $84.5 million under the 2017 Revolver and repaid $65.0 million. Payment of cash dividends to our stockholders were $14.7 million and payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards were $3.4 million. Proceeds from stock options were $8.3 million and net payments on short-term debt were $2.9 million.
Currency translation had a negative impact of $7.5 million on our cash balance in the six months of fiscal 2020 compared to a negative impact of $32.5 million in the six months of fiscal 2019. In the six months of fiscal 2020, principal currencies in which we do business such as the Euro, Swiss franc, Polish zloty and British Pound weakened versus the U.S. dollar.
As a result of the above, total cash and cash equivalents increased by $125.6 million to $424.8 million, in the six months of fiscal 2020 compared to an increase by $23.1 million to $545.2 million, in the comparable period of fiscal 2019.
Debt and Compliance with Debt Covenants
In fiscal 2019, we amended our then existing credit facility (as amended, the “Amended Credit Facility”). The Amended Credit Facility consists of $449.1 million senior secured term loans (the “Amended 2017 Term Loan”), including a CAD 133.0 million ($99.1 million) term loan and a $700.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Amended 2017 Revolver”). The Amended Credit Facility has a maturity date of September 30, 2022.
During the current quarter, we borrowed on the Amended 2017 Revolver and repatriated additional funds from our international subsidiaries to finance the acquisition of NorthStar, which was completed subsequent to the end of the quarter.
All obligations under our Amended Credit Facility are secured by, among other things, substantially all of our U.S. assets. The Amended Credit Facility contains various covenants which, absent prepayment in full of the indebtedness and other obligations, or the receipt of waivers, limit our ability to conduct certain specified business transactions, buy or sell assets out of the ordinary course of business, engage in sale and leaseback transactions, pay dividends and take certain other actions. There are no prepayment penalties on loans under this credit facility.
We are in compliance with all covenants and conditions under our credit agreement and our 5.00% Senior Notes due 2023. We believe that we will continue to comply with these covenants and conditions, and that we have the financial resources and the capital available to fund the foreseeable organic growth in our business and to remain active in pursuing further acquisition opportunities. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2019 Annual Report and Note 12 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a detailed description of our debt.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
A table of our obligations is contained in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Contractual Obligations of our 2019 Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2019. As of September 29, 2019, except for presentation changes resulting from the adoption of ASC 842 effective our first quarter of fiscal 2020, we had no significant changes to our contractual obligations table contained in our 2019 Annual Report.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risks
Our cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in raw material costs, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We manage our exposure to these market risks through internally established policies and procedures and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. Our policy does not allow speculation in derivative instruments for profit or execution of derivative instrument contracts for which there are no underlying exposures. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to any leveraged derivatives. We monitor our underlying market risk exposures on an ongoing basis and believe that we can modify or adapt our hedging strategies as needed.
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Counterparty Risks
We have entered into lead forward purchase contracts and foreign exchange forward and purchased option contracts to manage the risk associated with our exposures to fluctuations resulting from changes in raw material costs and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company’s agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions. Those contracts that result in a liability position at September 29, 2019 are $0.8 million (pre-tax). Those contracts that result in an asset position at September 29, 2019 are $1.5 million (pre-tax) and the vast majority of these will settle within one year. The impact on the Company due to nonperformance by the counterparties has been evaluated and not deemed material.
Interest Rate Risks
We are exposed to changes in variable U.S. interest rates on borrowings under our credit agreements as well as short-term borrowings in our foreign subsidiaries.
A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have increased interest expense, on an annualized basis, by approximately $8.7 million on the variable rate portions of our debt.
Commodity Cost Risks – Lead Contracts
We have a significant risk in our exposure to certain raw materials. Our largest single raw material cost is for lead, for which the cost remains volatile. In order to hedge against increases in our lead cost, we have entered into forward contracts with financial institutions to fix the price of lead. A vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. We had the following contracts outstanding at the dates shown below:

Date |  | $’s Under Contract (in millions) |  | # Pounds Purchased (in millions) |  | Average Cost/Pound |  | Approximate % of Lead Requirements (1)
September 29, 2019 |  | $ | 49.9 |  |  | 54.0 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |  |  | 7 | %
March 31, 2019 |  | 39.2 |  |  | 42.0 |  |  | 0.93 |  |  | 7 |
September 30, 2018 |  | 67.5 |  |  | 68.9 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 12 |

(1) Based on approximate annual lead requirements for the periods then ended.
For the remaining two quarters of this fiscal year, we believe approximately 64% of the cost of our lead requirements is known. This takes into account the hedge contracts in place at September 29, 2019, lead purchased by September 29, 2019 that will be reflected in future costs under our FIFO accounting policy, and the benefit from our lead tolling program.
We estimate that a 10% increase in our cost of lead would have increased our cost of goods sold by approximately $15 million and $32 million, in the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks
We manufacture and assemble our products globally in the Americas, EMEA and Asia. Approximately 40% of our sales and expenses are transacted in foreign currencies. Our sales revenue, production costs, profit margins and competitive position are affected by the strength of the currencies in countries where we manufacture or purchase goods relative to the strength of the currencies in countries where our products are sold. Additionally, as we report our financial statements in U.S. dollars, our financial results are affected by the strength of the currencies in countries where we have operations relative to the strength of the U.S. dollar. The principal foreign currencies in which we conduct business are the Euro, Swiss franc, British pound, Polish zloty, Chinese renminbi and Mexican peso.
We quantify and monitor our global foreign currency exposures. Our largest foreign currency exposure is from the purchase and conversion of U.S. dollar based lead costs into local currencies in Europe. Additionally, we have currency exposures from intercompany financing and intercompany and third party trade transactions. On a selective basis, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts and purchase option contracts to reduce the impact from the volatility of currency movements; however, we cannot be certain that foreign currency fluctuations will not impact our operations in the future.
We hedge approximately 5% - 10% of the nominal amount of our known foreign exchange transactional exposures. We primarily enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of the variation of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables. The vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year.
Gains and losses resulting from hedging instruments offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in the same period as gains and losses on the hedged items. We also selectively hedge anticipated transactions that are subject to foreign exchange exposure, primarily with foreign currency exchange contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with Topic 815 - Derivatives and Hedging.
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At September 29, 2019 and September 30, 2018, we estimate that an unfavorable 10% movement in the exchange rates would have adversely changed our hedge valuations by approximately $3.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. We completed the Alpha acquisition on December 7, 2018 and are in the process, but have not yet concluded our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting including Alpha. Accordingly, pursuant to the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the scope of an assessment in the year of acquisition, the scope of our assessment of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures does not include Alpha. For the second quarter and six months of fiscal 2020, Alpha accounted for $146.0 million and $297.1 million, respectively, of our total net sales and as of September 29, 2019 had total assets of $949.2 million.
(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) and determined that there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter to which this report relates that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II | OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. See Litigation and Other Legal Matters in Note 10 - Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2019 Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2019, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table summarizes the number of shares of common stock we purchased from participants in our equity incentive plans as well as repurchases of common stock authorized by the Board of Directors. As provided by the Company’s equity incentive plans, (a) vested options outstanding may be exercised through surrender to the Company of option shares or vested options outstanding under the Company’s equity incentive plans to satisfy the applicable aggregate exercise price (and any withholding tax) required to be paid upon such exercise and (b) the withholding tax requirements related to the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units and market condition-based share units may be satisfied by the surrender of shares of the Company’s common stock.
Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | (a) Total number of shares (or units) purchased |  | (b) Average price paid per share (or unit) |  | (c) Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | (d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares (or units) that may be purchased under the plans or programs (1) (2)
July 1 – July 28, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 20,535,323 |
July 29 – August 25, 2019 |  | 207,347 |  |  | 56.32 |  |  | 204,797 |  |  | 9,002,889 |
August 26 – September 29, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,002,889 |
Total |  | 207,347 |  |  | $ | 56.32 |  |  | 204,797 |  |  |

(1) The Company's Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to such number of shares as shall equal the dilutive effects of any equity based award granted during such fiscal year under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the number of shares exercised through stock option awards during such fiscal year.
(2) On November 8, 2017, the Company announced the establishment of a $100 million stock repurchase authorization, with no expiration date which has a remaining authorization of $59.1 million as of September 29, 2019. The authorization is in addition to the existing stock repurchase programs.

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.
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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
3.1 |  | Fifth Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-115553) filed on July 13, 2004).
3.2 |  | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on August 3, 2016).
10.1 |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated September 30, 2019, by and among EnerSys, Altor Fund II GP Limited, and the persons listed as minority sellers therein (filed herewith).
10.2 |  | EnerSys Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives as amended and restated effective April 1, 2020 (filed herewith).
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith).
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith).
32.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ENERSYS (Registrant) |
By | /s/ Michael J. Schmidtlein |
| Michael J. Schmidtlein
| Chief Financial Officer

Date: November 6, 2019
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