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Table of Contents

​

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

​

Form 10-Q

​

​ | ​
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

​

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

​

OR

​

​ | ​
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

​

For the transition period from to

​

Commission file number 0-14719

​

SKYWEST, INC.

​

​ | ​ | ​
Incorporated under the laws of Utah | ​ | 87-0292166
​ | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer ID No.)

444 South River Road

St. George, Utah 84790

(435) 634-3000

(Address of principal executive offices and telephone number)

​

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock, No Par Value | SKYW | The Nasdaq Global Select Market

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Large accelerated filer ⌧ | ​ | Accelerated filer◻
​ | ​ | ​
Non-accelerated filer◻ | ​ | Smaller reporting company☐
​ | ​ | ​
Emerging growth company☐ | ​ | ​

​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.◻

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes☐ No⌧

​

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Class | ​ | Outstanding at April 19, 2024
Common stock, no par value | ​ | 40,259,473

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Table of Contents

SKYWEST, INC.

​

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

​

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​

​ |  |  |
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION: | ​
​ | Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
​ | ​ | Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 5
​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity | 6
​ | ​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
​ | ​ | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
​ | Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
​ | Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 32
​ | Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 32
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION: | ​
​ | Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 33
​ | Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 33
​ | Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 33
​ | Item 5. | Other Information | 33
​ | Item 6. | Exhibits | 34
​ | ​ | Signature | 35
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exhibit 31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer | ​
Exhibit 31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer | ​
Exhibit 32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer | ​
Exhibit 32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer | ​

​

​

2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

​

SKYWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Thousands)

​

ASSETS

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, |  | December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
CURRENT ASSETS: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 179,979 | ​ | $ | 148,277
Marketable securities | ​ |  | 641,185 | ​ |  | 686,946
Receivables, net | ​ |  | 85,882 | ​ |  | 82,854
Inventories, net | ​ |  | 129,866 | ​ |  | 127,114
Other current assets | ​ |  | 32,449 | ​ |  | 86,705
Total current assets | ​ |  | 1,069,361 | ​ |  | 1,131,896
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Aircraft and rotable spares | ​ |  | 8,405,513 | ​ |  | 8,323,107
Deposits on aircraft | ​ |  | 77,282 | ​ |  | 77,282
Buildings and ground equipment | ​ |  | 292,633 | ​ |  | 282,398
Total property and equipment, gross | ​ |  | 8,775,428 | ​ |  | 8,682,787
Less-accumulated depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | (3,284,609) | ​ |  | (3,199,820)
Total property and equipment, net | ​ |  | 5,490,819 | ​ |  | 5,482,967
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
OTHER ASSETS: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ | ​ | 85,905 | ​ | ​ | 86,727
Long-term receivables and other assets | ​ |  | 336,658 | ​ |  | 324,703
Total other assets | ​ |  | 422,563 | ​ |  | 411,430
Total assets | ​ | $ | 6,982,743 | ​ | $ | 7,026,293

​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

3

Table of Contents

SKYWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Thousands)

​

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, |  | December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current maturities of long-term debt | ​ | $ | 506,602 | ​ | $ | 443,869
Accounts payable | ​ |  | 480,654 | ​ |  | 470,251
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits | ​ |  | 181,154 | ​ |  | 194,881
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities | ​ |  | 19,668 | ​ |  | 19,335
Taxes other than income taxes | ​ |  | 20,924 | ​ |  | 26,077
Other current liabilities | ​ |  | 103,294 | ​ |  | 99,879
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 1,312,296 | ​ |  | 1,254,292
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LONG-TERM DEBT, net of current maturities | ​ |  | 2,389,227 | ​ |  | 2,562,183
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES PAYABLE | ​ |  | 703,602 | ​ |  | 687,600
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NONCURRENT OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 66,237 | ​ |  | 67,392
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 346,478 | ​ |  | 341,324
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 7) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Common stock, no par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized; 83,137,744 and 82,840,372 shares issued as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively | ​ |  | 761,318 | ​ |  | 754,362
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 2,331,509 | ​ |  | 2,271,211
Treasury stock, at cost, 42,868,446 and 42,615,347 shares as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively | ​ |  | (928,076) | ​ |  | (912,396)
Accumulated other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | 152 | ​ | ​ | 325
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 2,164,903 | ​ |  | 2,113,502
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ​ | $ | 6,982,743 | ​ | $ | 7,026,293

​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

4

Table of Contents

SKYWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and Shares in Thousands, Except per Share Amounts)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
OPERATING REVENUES: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Flying agreements | ​ | $ | 778,289 | ​ | $ | 663,838
Lease, airport services and other | ​ |  | 25,325 | ​ |  | 27,993
Total operating revenues | ​ |  | 803,614 | ​ |  | 691,831
OPERATING EXPENSES: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Salaries, wages and benefits | ​ |  | 350,999 | ​ |  | 335,201
Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs | ​ |  | 145,415 | ​ |  | 142,226
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 95,870 | ​ |  | 94,149
Aircraft fuel | ​ |  | 21,164 | ​ |  | 20,964
Airport-related expenses | ​ |  | 20,888 | ​ |  | 18,295
Aircraft rentals | ​ |  | 1,276 | ​ |  | 19,528
Other operating expenses | ​ |  | 68,496 | ​ |  | 66,172
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 704,108 | ​ |  | 696,535
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) | ​ |  | 99,506 | ​ |  | (4,704)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ |  | 11,626 | ​ |  | 10,033
Interest expense | ​ |  | (29,829) | ​ |  | (33,620)
Other income (loss), net | ​ |  | (1,128) | ​ |  | 2,174
Total other expense, net | ​ |  | (19,331) | ​ |  | (21,413)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 80,175 | ​ |  | (26,117)
PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 19,877 | ​ |  | (4,046)
NET INCOME (LOSS) | ​ | $ | 60,298 | ​ | $ | (22,071)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE | ​ | $ | 1.50 | ​ | $ | (0.45)
DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE | ​ | $ | 1.45 | ​ | $ | (0.45)
Weighted average common shares: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | ​ | 40,299 | ​ | ​ | 49,391
Diluted | ​ | ​ | 41,492 | ​ | ​ | 49,391
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) | ​ | $ | 60,298 | ​ | $ | (22,071)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on marketable securities, net of taxes | ​ |  | (173) | ​ |  | 1,480
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | ​ | $ | 60,125 | ​ | $ | (20,591)

​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

​

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SKYWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | Retained | ​ | Treasury Stock | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Amount | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Shares | ​ | Amount | ​ | Income | ​ | Total
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | 82,840 | ​ | $ | 754,362 | ​ | $ | 2,271,211 |  | (42,615) | ​ | $ | (912,396) | ​ | $ | 325 | ​ | $ | 2,113,502
Net income |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 60,298 |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 60,298
Vested employee stock awards |  | 269 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Employee income tax paid on vested equity awards | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | (117) | ​ | ​ | (6,930) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (6,930)
Sale of common stock under employee stock purchase plan |  | 29 | ​ | ​ | 1,446 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,446
Stock based compensation expense |  | — | ​ |  | 5,510 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 5,510
Treasury stock purchases | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | (136) | ​ |  | (8,750) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (8,750)
Net unrealized depreciation on marketable securities, net of tax of $56 | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (173) | ​ | ​ | (173)
Balance at March 31, 2024 | ​ | 83,138 | ​ | $ | 761,318 | ​ | $ | 2,331,509 | ​ | (42,868) | ​ | $ | (928,076) | ​ | $ | 152 | ​ | $ | 2,164,903

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | Retained | ​ | Treasury Stock | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Amount | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Shares | ​ | Amount | ​ | Loss | ​ | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 82,593 | ​ | $ | 734,426 | ​ | $ | 2,236,869 |  | (31,994) | ​ | $ | (619,862) | ​ | $ | (3,802) | ​ | $ | 2,347,631
Net loss |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (22,071) |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (22,071)
Exercise of common stock options and vested employee stock awards |  | 130 | ​ | ​ | 57 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 57
Employee income tax paid on vested equity awards | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | (32) | ​ | ​ | (585) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (585)
Sale of common stock under employee stock purchase plan |  | 78 | ​ | ​ | 1,218 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,218
Stock based compensation expense |  | — | ​ |  | 4,329 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 4,329
Treasury stock purchases | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | (5,067) | ​ |  | (100,001) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (100,001)
Net unrealized appreciation on marketable securities, net of tax of $476 | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,480 | ​ | ​ | 1,480
Balance at March 31, 2023 | ​ | 82,801 | ​ | $ | 740,030 | ​ | $ | 2,214,798 | ​ | (37,093) | ​ | $ | (720,448) | ​ | $ | (2,322) | ​ | $ | 2,232,058

​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

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​

SKYWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ​ | $ | 157,648 | ​ | $ | 150,203
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchases of marketable securities | ​ |  | (337,694) | ​ | ​ | (289,116)
Sales of marketable securities | ​ |  | 383,282 | ​ | ​ | 373,492
Acquisition of property and equipment: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Aircraft and rotable spare parts | ​ |  | (33,525) | ​ | ​ | (92,953)
Buildings and ground equipment | ​ |  | (4,250) | ​ | ​ | (10,319)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | ​ |  | 2,212 | ​ | ​ | 2,162
Decrease (increase) in other assets | ​ |  | (10,579) | ​ | ​ | 19,766
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | (554) | ​ |  | 3,032
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 25,000
Principal payments on long-term debt | ​ |  | (111,158) | ​ | ​ | (107,276)
Payment of debt issuance cost | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (108)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | ​ |  | 1,446 | ​ | ​ | 1,275
Employee income tax paid on vested equity awards | ​ | ​ | (6,930) | ​ | ​ | (585)
Purchase of treasury stock | ​ |  | (8,750) | ​ | ​ | (100,001)
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | (125,392) | ​ |  | (181,695)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | 31,702 | ​ | ​ | (28,460)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ​ |  | 148,277 | ​ | ​ | 102,984
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | ​ | $ | 179,979 | ​ | $ | 74,524
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Acquisition of property and equipment | ​ | $ | 6,575 | ​ | $ | 4,649
Derecognition of right of use assets | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | (35,062)
Derecognition of operating lease liabilities | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 35,062
Cash paid during the period for: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest, net of capitalized amounts | ​ | $ | 30,362 | ​ | $ | 33,838
Income taxes | ​ | $ | 42 | ​ | $ | 533

​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

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SKYWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

​

(1) Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of SkyWest, Inc. (“SkyWest” or the “Company”), its operating subsidiary SkyWest Airlines, Inc. (“SkyWest Airlines”), its leasing subsidiary SkyWest Leasing, Inc. (“SkyWest Leasing”) and its charter service subsidiary SkyWest Charter, LLC (“SWC”) included herein have been prepared, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the following disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the results of operations for the interim periods presented. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU also expands disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to better understand the entity’s measurement and assessment of segment performance and resource allocation. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (ASC Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

(2) Operating Revenues

The Company recognizes revenue under its flying agreements and under its lease, airport services and other service agreements when the service is provided under the applicable agreement. Under the Company’s fixed-fee arrangements (referred to as “capacity purchase” agreements) with United Airlines, Inc. (“United”), Delta Air Lines, Inc. (“Delta”), American Airlines, Inc. (“American”) and Alaska Airlines, Inc. (“Alaska”) (each, a “major airline partner”), the major airline partner generally pays the Company a fixed-fee for each departure, flight hour (measured from takeoff to landing, excluding taxi time) or block hour (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time) incurred, and an

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amount per aircraft in service each month, with additional incentives based on flight completion, on-time performance or other performance metrics. The major airline partner also directly pays for or reimburses the Company for certain direct expenses incurred under the capacity purchase agreement, such as fuel, airport landing fees and airport rents. Under the capacity purchase agreements, the Company’s performance obligation is met when each flight is completed, measured in completed block hours, and is reflected in flying agreements revenue. The transaction price for the capacity purchase agreements is determined from the fixed-fee consideration, incentive consideration and directly reimbursed expenses earned as flights are completed over the agreement term. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, capacity purchase agreements represented approximately 87.0% and 88.4% of the Company’s flying agreements revenue, respectively.

Under the Company’s “prorate” arrangements, the major airline partner and the Company negotiate a passenger fare proration formula, pursuant to which the Company receives a percentage of the ticket revenues for those passengers traveling for one portion of their trip on a Company airline and the other portion of their trip on the major airline partner. Under the Company’s prorate flying agreements, the performance obligation is met and revenue is recognized when each flight is completed based upon the portion of the prorate passenger fare the Company determines that it will receive for each completed flight. The transaction price for the prorate agreements is determined from the proration formula derived from each passenger ticket amount on each completed flight over the agreement term. Certain routes under the Company’s prorate arrangements are subsidized by the U.S. Department of Transportation under the Essential Air Service (“EAS”) program, a program created to ensure small communities in the United States maintain a minimum level of scheduled air service. The EAS contracts are generally two years in duration and the Company recognizes EAS revenue on a per-completed-flight basis pursuant to the terms of each contract. Under the Company’s charter operations, SWC, the Company negotiates a fare for the charter flight with the customer. The performance obligation is met and revenue is recognized upon completion of the flight. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, prorate flying agreements and SWC revenue represented approximately 13.0% and 11.6% of the Company’s flying agreements revenue, respectively.

The following table represents the Company’s flying agreements revenue by type for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Capacity purchase agreements flight operations revenue (non-lease component) | ​ | $ | 544,160 | ​ | $ | 468,916
Capacity purchase agreements fixed aircraft lease revenue | ​ | ​ | 75,159 | ​ | ​ | 74,480
Capacity purchase agreements variable aircraft lease revenue | ​ |  | 57,886 | ​ |  | 43,105
Prorate agreements and SWC revenue | ​ |  | 101,084 | ​ |  | 77,337
Flying agreements revenue | ​ | $ | 778,289 | ​ | $ | 663,838

​

The Company allocates the total consideration received under its capacity purchase agreements between lease and non-lease components based on stand-alone selling prices. A portion of the Company’s compensation under its capacity purchase agreements relates to operating the aircraft, identified as the non-lease component of the capacity purchase agreement. The Company recognizes revenue attributed to the non-lease component received as fixed-fees for each departure, flight hour or block hour on an as-completed basis for each reporting period. The Company recognizes revenue attributed to the non-lease component received as fixed monthly payments per aircraft proportionate to the number of block hours completed during each reporting period, relative to the estimated number of block hours the Company anticipates completing over the remaining contract term. Accordingly, the Company’s revenue recognition will likely vary from the timing of cash receipts under the Company’s capacity purchase agreements. The Company refers to cash received under its capacity purchase agreements prior to recognizing revenue as “deferred revenue,” and the Company refers to revenue recognized prior to billing its major airline partners under its capacity purchase agreements as “unbilled revenue” for each reporting period. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $0.7 million of previously deferred revenue associated with the non-lease fixed monthly payments under certain agreements and decreased unbilled revenue by $0.3 million under certain other agreements, compared to deferring revenue of $39.3 million and decreasing unbilled revenue by $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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A portion of the Company’s compensation under its capacity purchase agreements is designed to reimburse the Company for certain aircraft ownership costs. The consideration for aircraft ownership costs varies by agreement but is intended to cover either the Company’s aircraft principal and interest debt service costs, its aircraft depreciation and interest expense or its aircraft lease expense costs while the aircraft is under contract. The consideration received for the use of the aircraft under the Company’s capacity purchase agreements is accounted for as lease revenue, inasmuch as the agreements identify the “right of use” of a specific type and number of aircraft over a stated period of time. The lease revenue associated with the Company’s capacity purchase agreements is accounted for as an operating lease and is reflected as flying agreements revenue on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company recognizes fixed monthly lease payments as lease revenue using the straight-line basis over the capacity purchase agreement term and variable lease payments in the period when the block hours are completed. The Company recognized $0.5 million of previously deferred lease revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024, whereas the Company deferred recognizing lease revenue of $20.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, under the straight-line basis. The Company has not separately stated aircraft rental income and aircraft rental expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income because the use of the aircraft is not a separate activity of the total service provided under the capacity purchase agreements.

The Company’s total deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2024 was $373.4 million, including $58.0 million in other current liabilities and $315.4 million in other long-term liabilities. The Company’s unbilled revenue balance was $7.0 million as of March 31, 2024, including $1.1 million in other current assets and $5.9 million in other long-term assets. The Company’s total deferred revenue balance was $374.6 million as of December 31, 2023, including $61.0 million in other current liabilities and $313.6 million in other long-term liabilities. The Company’s unbilled revenue balance was $7.3 million as of December 31, 2023, including $1.2 million in other current assets and $6.1 million in other long-term assets.

The Company’s capacity purchase and prorate agreements include weekly provisional cash payments from the respective major airline partner based on a projected level of flying each month. The Company and each major airline partner subsequently reconcile these payments to the actual completed flight activity on a monthly or quarterly basis.

In several of the Company’s agreements, the Company is eligible to receive incentive compensation upon the achievement of certain performance criteria. The incentives are defined in the agreements and are measured and determined on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. At the end of each period during the term of an agreement, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during that period and recognizes revenue attributable to that agreement accordingly, subject to the variable constraint guidance under ASC Topic 606.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 475 aircraft in scheduled service or under contract pursuant to code-share agreements. The following table summarizes the significant provisions of each code-share agreement the Company has with each major airline partner through SkyWest Airlines:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
United Express Agreements
Agreement |  | Aircraft type |  | Number of Aircraft |  | Term / Termination Dates
United Express Agreements (capacity purchase agreement) | ​ | • E175 • CRJ 700 • CRJ 200 | ​ | 93 19 70 | ​ | • Individual aircraft have scheduled removal dates from 2024 to 2029
​ United Express Prorate Agreement | ​ | • CRJ 200 | ​ | 19* | ​ | • Terminable with 120-days’ notice
Total under United Express Agreements | ​ | ​ | ​ | 201 | ​ | ​

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Delta Connection Agreements
Agreement |  | Aircraft type |  | Number of Aircraft |  | Term / Termination Dates
Delta Connection Agreement (capacity purchase agreement) | ​ | • E175 • CRJ 900 • CRJ 700 ​ | ​ | 85 35 5 | ​ | • Individual aircraft have scheduled removal dates from 2025 to 2034
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Delta Connection Prorate Agreement ​ | ​ | • CRJ 900 • CRJ 700 | ​ | 6* 4* | ​ | •Terminable with 30-days’ notice
Total under Delta Connection Agreements | ​ | ​ | ​ | 135 | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
American Capacity Purchase Agreement
Agreement |  | Aircraft type |  | Number of Aircraft |  | Term / Termination Dates
American Agreement (capacity purchase agreement) | ​ | • E175 • CRJ 700 | ​ | 20 77 | ​ | • Individual aircraft have scheduled removal dates from 2024 to 2032
Total under American Agreement | ​ | ​ | ​ | 97 | ​ | ​

​

​

Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement
Agreement |  | Aircraft type |  | Number of Aircraft |  | Term / Termination Dates
Alaska Agreement (capacity purchase agreement) | ​ | • E175 | ​ | 42 | ​ | • Individual aircraft have scheduled removal dates from 2030 to 2034

* | The Company’s prorate agreements are based on specific routes, not a specific aircraft count. The number of aircraft listed above for each prorate agreement approximates the number of aircraft the Company uses to serve the prorate routes.

In addition to the contractual arrangements described above, as of March 31, 2024, SkyWest Airlines reached agreements to place the following E175 aircraft under a capacity purchase agreement with the respective major airline partners:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 | ​ | Total
Delta Air Lines |  | 1 |  | — |  | — | ​ | 1
United Airlines(1) |  | 21 |  | 7 |  | 8 | ​ | 36
Alaska Airlines |  | — |  | 1 |  | — | ​ | 1
Total |  | 22 |  | 8 |  | 8 | ​ | 38

| (1) | 17 of the E175 deliveries scheduled for 2024 are partner-financed so the aircraft will be provided by the major airline partner for SkyWest to operate.

Final delivery and in-service dates for aircraft to be placed under contract may be adjusted based on various factors.

When an aircraft is scheduled to be removed from a capacity purchase arrangement, the Company may, as practical under the circumstances, negotiate an extension with the respective major airline partner, negotiate the placement of the aircraft with another major airline partner, return the aircraft to the major airline partner when the aircraft is provided by the major airline partner, place owned aircraft for sale or pursue other uses for the aircraft. Other uses for the aircraft may include placing the aircraft in a prorate agreement, leasing the aircraft to a third party or disassembling aircraft components such as the engines and parts to be used as spare inventory.

Lease, airport services and other revenues primarily consist of revenue generated from aircraft and spare engines leased to third parties and from airport customer service agreements, such as gate and ramp agent services at various airports where the Company has been contracted by third parties to provide such services.. The following table

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represents the Company’s lease, airport services and other revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating lease revenue | ​ | $ | 16,668 | ​ | $ | 16,560
Airport customer service and other revenue | ​ | ​ | 8,657 | ​ | ​ | 11,433
Lease, airport services and other | ​ | $ | 25,325 | ​ | $ | 27,993

The following table summarizes future minimum rental income under operating leases primarily related to leased aircraft and engines that had remaining non-cancelable lease terms as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2024 through December 2024 |  | $ | 34,787
2025 | ​ |  | 41,476
2026 | ​ |  | 35,946
2027 | ​ |  | 35,915
2028 | ​ |  | 35,139
Thereafter | ​ |  | 53,500
Total future minimum rental income under operating leases | ​ | $ | 236,763

​

Of the Company’s $5.5 billion of net property and equipment as of March 31, 2024, $210.4 million of regional jet aircraft and spare engines were leased to third parties under operating leases. The Company’s mitigation strategy for the residual asset risks of these assets includes leasing aircraft and engine types that can be operated by the Company in the event of a default. Additionally, the operating leases typically have specified lease return condition requirements paid by the lessee to the Company and the Company typically maintains inspection rights under the leases.

The transaction price for airport customer service agreements is determined from an agreed-upon rate by location applied to the applicable number of flights handled by the Company over the agreement term.

The Company’s operating revenues could be impacted by several factors, including changes to the Company’s code-share agreements with its major airline partners, changes in flight schedules, contract modifications resulting from contract renegotiations, the Company’s ability to earn incentive payments contemplated under the Company’s code-share agreements and resolution of unresolved items with the Company’s major airline partners.

Other ancillary revenues commonly associated with airlines, such as baggage fee revenue, ticket change fee revenue and the marketing component of the sale of mileage credits, are retained by the Company’s major airline partners on flights that the Company operates under its code-share agreements.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company monitors publicly available credit ratings for entities for which the Company has a significant receivable balance. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had gross receivables of $89.5 million in current assets and gross receivables of $203.9 million in other long-term assets. The Company has established credit loss reserves based on publicly available historic default rates issued by a third party for companies with similar credit ratings, factoring in the term of the respective accounts receivable, notes receivable or guarantees. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant changes in the outstanding accounts receivable, notes receivable, guarantees or credit ratings of the entities.

The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for credit losses:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at December 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 18,699
Adjustments to credit loss reserves | ​ |  | 943
Write-offs charged against allowance | ​ |  | —
Balance at March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 19,642

​

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​

(3) Stock-Based Compensation

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 50,577 restricted stock units and 118,021 performance shares to certain employees of the Company under the SkyWest, Inc. 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan. Both the restricted stock units and performance shares have a three-year vesting period, during which the recipient must remain employed with the Company. The number of performance shares awardable from the 2024 grants can range from 0% to 200% of the original amount granted depending on the Company’s performance over three one-year measurement periods against the pre-established targets. Upon vesting, each restricted stock unit and performance share will be replaced with one share of common stock. The weighted average fair value of these restricted stock units and performance shares on their date of grant was $59.57 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not grant any options to purchase shares of common stock to employees. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 12,634 fully vested shares of common stock and 2,632 fully vested restricted stock units to the Company’s directors at a grant date fair value of $59.57.

The Company accounts for forfeitures of restricted stock units and performance shares when forfeitures occur. The estimated fair value of the restricted stock units and performance shares is amortized over the applicable vesting periods. Stock-based compensation expense for the performance shares is based on the Company’s anticipated outcome of achieving the performance metrics. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded pre-tax stock-based compensation expense of $5.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

(4) Stock Repurchase

The Company’s Board of Directors adopted a stock repurchase program in May 2023, which authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock in the public market or in private transactions, from time to time, at prevailing prices. Under the May 2023 repurchase program, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized up to $250.0 million for the repurchase of the Company’s common stock, superseding a prior Board authorization. At March 31, 2024, $82.2 million remains available under the May 2023 authorization.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 136,261 shares of common stock for $8.7 million at a weighted average price per share of $64.21. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 5.1 million shares of common stock for $100.0 million at a weighted average price per share of $19.74.

(5) Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share (“Basic EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share (“Diluted EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The computation of Diluted EPS does not assume exercise or conversion of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per common share. Securities that could potentially dilute Basic EPS in the future, and which were excluded from the calculation of Diluted EPS because inclusion of such share would be anti-dilutive, are as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended
​ | March 31,
​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
Treasury Warrants (1) | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 785
Employee Stock Awards | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 700
Total antidilutive securities |  | — | ​ |  | 1,485

| (1) | U.S. Department of the Treasury (“U.S. Treasury”) warrants to purchase shares of SkyWest common stock issued pursuant to the three Payroll Support Program Agreements and a loan agreement with the U.S. Treasury.

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​

Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, 452,000 and 538,000 performance shares (at target performance) were excluded from the computation of Diluted EPS because the Company had not achieved the minimum target thresholds for these shares for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The calculation of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for Basic EPS and Diluted EPS are as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended
​ | March 31,
​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
Numerator: | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net income (loss) | $ | 60,298 | ​ | $ | (22,071)
Denominator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share weighted average shares |  | 40,299 | ​ |  | 49,391
Dilutive effect of employee stock awards and warrants |  | 1,193 | ​ |  | —
Diluted earnings per share weighted average shares |  | 41,492 | ​ |  | 49,391
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.50 | ​ | $ | (0.45)
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.45 | ​ | $ | (0.45)

​

​

(6) Segment Reporting

The Company’s two reportable segments consist of (1) the operations of SkyWest Airlines and SWC (collectively, “SkyWest Airlines and SWC”) and (2) SkyWest Leasing activities.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker analyzes the profitability of operating new aircraft financed through the issuance of debt, including the Company’s E175 fleet, separately from the profitability of the Company’s capital deployed for ownership and financing of such aircraft. The SkyWest Airlines and SWC segment includes revenue earned under the applicable capacity purchase agreements attributed to operating such aircraft and the respective operating costs. The SkyWest Airlines and SWC segment also includes revenue and operating expenses attributed to other flying agreements and airport services agreements. The SkyWest Leasing segment includes applicable revenue earned under the applicable capacity purchase agreements attributed to the ownership of new aircraft acquired through the issuance of debt and the respective depreciation and interest expense of such aircraft. The SkyWest Leasing segment also includes the activity of leasing regional jet aircraft and spare engines to third parties and other activities. The SkyWest Leasing segment’s total assets and capital expenditures include new aircraft acquired through the issuance of debt and assets leased to third parties. Additionally, aircraft removed from SkyWest Airlines’ operations and held for sale are included in the SkyWest Leasing segment.

The following represents the Company’s segment data for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended March 31, 2024
​ | ​ | SkyWest Airlines | ​ | SkyWest | ​ | ​
​ |  | and SWC |  | Leasing |  | Consolidated
Operating revenues (1) | ​ | $ | 646,809 | ​ | $ | 156,805 | ​ | $ | 803,614
Operating expense | ​ |  | 641,363 | ​ |  | 62,745 | ​ |  | 704,108
Depreciation and amortization expense | ​ |  | 36,108 | ​ |  | 59,762 | ​ |  | 95,870
Interest expense | ​ |  | 3,476 | ​ |  | 26,353 | ​ |  | 29,829
Segment profit (2) | ​ |  | 1,970 | ​ |  | 67,707 | ​ |  | 69,677
Total assets (as of March 31, 2024) | ​ |  | 2,608,104 | ​ |  | 4,374,639 | ​ |  | 6,982,743
Capital expenditures (including non-cash) | ​ |  | 44,350 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 44,350

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended March 31, 2023
​ | ​ | SkyWest Airlines | ​ | SkyWest | ​ | ​
​ |  | and SWC |  | Leasing |  | Consolidated
Operating revenues (1) | ​ | $ | 568,173 | ​ | $ | 123,658 | ​ | $ | 691,831
Operating expense | ​ |  | 633,392 | ​ |  | 63,143 | ​ |  | 696,535
Depreciation and amortization expense | ​ |  | 38,258 | ​ |  | 55,891 | ​ |  | 94,149
Interest expense | ​ |  | 4,062 | ​ |  | 29,558 | ​ |  | 33,620
Segment profit (loss) (2) | ​ |  | (69,281) | ​ |  | 30,957 | ​ |  | (38,324)
Total assets (as of March 31, 2023) | ​ |  | 2,629,521 | ​ | ​ | 4,604,240 | ​ |  | 7,233,761
Capital expenditures (including non-cash) | ​ |  | 21,111 | ​ | ​ | 86,810 | ​ |  | 107,921

(1) | Prorate revenue and airport customer service revenue are reflected in the SkyWest Airlines and SWC segment.

(2) | Segment profit (loss) is equal to operating income less interest expense.

(7) Leases, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies

The Company leases property and equipment under operating leases. For leases with durations longer than 12 months, the Company recorded the related operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability at the present value of lease payments over the term. The Company used its incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement.

Aircraft

As of March 31, 2024, excluding aircraft financed by the Company’s major airline partners that the Company operates for them under contract, the Company leased eight aircraft under long-term lease agreements with remaining terms ranging from five to six years.

Airport facilities

The Company has operating leases for facility space including airport terminals, office space, cargo warehouses and maintenance facilities. The Company generally leases this space from government agencies that control the use of the various airports. The remaining lease terms for facility space vary from one month to 32 years. The Company’s operating leases with lease rates that are variable based on airport operating costs, use of the facilities or other variable factors are excluded from the Company’s right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in accordance with accounting guidance.

Leases

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s right-of-use assets were $85.9 million, the Company’s current maturities of operating lease liabilities were $19.7 million, and the Company’s noncurrent lease liabilities were $66.2 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company paid $5.7 million under operating leases reflected as a reduction from operating cash flows.

The table below presents lease related terms and discount rates as of March 31, 2024:

​

​ | ​
​ | ​
Weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases | 11.4 years
Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases | 6.2%

​

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The Company’s lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 included the following components (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating lease cost | ​ | $ | 7,259 | ​ | $ | 24,948
Variable and short-term lease cost | ​ |  | 1,033 | ​ |  | 803
Sublease income | ​ | ​ | (1,246) | ​ | ​ | (1,350)
Total lease cost | ​ | $ | 7,046 | ​ | $ | 24,401

​

As of March 31, 2024, the Company leased aircraft, airport facilities, office space and other property and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, which are generally on a long-term, triple-net lease basis pursuant to which the Company pays taxes, maintenance, insurance and certain other operating expenses applicable to the leased property. The Company expects that, in the normal course of business, such operating leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by other leases. The following table summarizes future minimum rental payments required under operating leases that had initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
April 2024 through December 2024 |  | $ | 15,726
2025 | ​ |  | 17,974
2026 | ​ |  | 14,910
2027 | ​ |  | 12,983
2028 | ​ |  | 9,976
Thereafter | ​ |  | 56,592
Total future minimum operating lease payments | ​ | $ | 128,161

​

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had a firm purchase commitment for 21 E175 aircraft from Embraer with anticipated delivery dates through 2026.

The following table summarizes the Company’s commitments and obligations as noted for each of the next five years and thereafter (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Total |  | Apr - Dec 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 |  | Thereafter
Operating lease payments for aircraft and facility obligations | ​ | $ | 128,161 | ​ | $ | 15,726 | ​ | $ | 17,974 | ​ | $ | 14,910 | ​ | $ | 12,983 | ​ | $ | 9,976 | ​ | $ | 56,592
Firm aircraft and spare engine commitments |  | ​ | 610,945 | ​ | ​ | 143,810 | ​ | ​ | 230,725 | ​ | ​ | 236,410 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Interest commitments (1) |  | ​ | 442,822 | ​ | ​ | 84,964 | ​ | ​ | 97,933 | ​ | ​ | 78,149 | ​ | ​ | 56,289 | ​ | ​ | 40,947 | ​ | ​ | 84,540
Principal maturities on long-term debt |  | ​ | 2,918,971 | ​ | ​ | 339,156 | ​ | ​ | 532,255 | ​ | ​ | 510,598 | ​ | ​ | 464,289 | ​ | ​ | 292,862 | ​ | ​ | 779,811
Total commitments and obligations | ​ | $ | 4,100,899 | ​ | $ | 583,656 | ​ | $ | 878,887 | ​ | $ | 840,067 | ​ | $ | 533,561 | ​ | $ | 343,785 | ​ | $ | 920,943

(1) | At March 31, 2024, the Company’s long-term debt had fixed interest rates.

Guarantees

In 2022, the Company agreed to guarantee $19.8 million of debt for a 14 CFR Part 135 air carrier. The debt is secured by the Part 135 air carrier’s aircraft and engines and has a five-year term. In exchange for providing the guarantee, the Company received 6.5% of the guaranteed amount as consideration, payable in the estimated value of common stock of the Part 135 air carrier, all of which was sold in 2023. The balance of the debt under the guarantee was $16.1 million as of March 31, 2024.

In 2023, the Company agreed to guarantee up to $12.0 million of debt for an aviation school. The debt is secured by the school’s aircraft and engines and has a five-year term. In exchange for providing the guarantee, the

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Company receives 2.0% annually of the guaranteed amount as consideration in cash. The balance of the debt under the guarantee was $7.2 million as of March 31, 2024.

The purpose of these guarantees is to help reduce the financing costs of aircraft for the third-parties in an effort to increase the potential number of commercial pilots in the Company’s hiring pipeline. The Company also recorded the estimated credit loss associated with the guarantees based on publicly available historical default rates issued by a third party for companies with similar credit ratings, factoring the collateral and guarantee term.

(8) Fair Value Measurements

The Company holds certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value in accordance with GAAP. The Company determined the fair value of these assets based on the following three levels of inputs:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Level 1 | ​ | — | ​ | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 | ​ | — | ​ | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Some of the Company’s marketable securities primarily utilize broker quotes in a non-active market for valuation of these securities.
Level 3 | ​ | — | ​ | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

​

As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2024
​ |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Marketable Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Bonds and bond funds | ​ | $ | 628,994 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 628,994 | ​ | $ | —
Commercial paper | ​ |  | 12,191 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 12,191 | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ | ​ | 641,185 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 641,185 | ​ | ​ | —
Investments in Other Companies | ​ | ​ | 11,904 | ​ | ​ | 2,158 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,746
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ​ | ​ | 179,979 | ​ | ​ | 179,979 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value | ​ | $ | 833,068 | ​ | $ | 182,137 | ​ | $ | 641,185 | ​ | $ | 9,746

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Total | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | Level 2 | ​ | Level 3
Marketable Securities |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Bonds and bond funds | ​ | $ | 677,074 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 677,074 | ​ | $ | —
Commercial paper | ​ |  | 9,872 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 9,872 | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ | ​ | 686,946 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 686,946 | ​ | ​ | —
Investments in Other Companies | ​ | ​ | 15,402 | ​ | ​ | 2,925 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 12,477
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ​ | ​ | 148,277 | ​ | ​ | 148,277 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value | ​ | $ | 850,625 | ​ | $ | 151,202 | ​ | $ | 686,946 | ​ | $ | 12,477

​

The Company’s “Marketable Securities” classified as Level 2 securities primarily utilize broker quotes in a non-active market for valuation of these securities. See Note 11 “Investments in Other Companies” regarding the Company’s investments in other companies, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company did not make any significant transfers of securities between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company’s policy regarding the recording of transfers between levels is to record any such transfers at the end of the reporting period.

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As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company classified $641.2 million and $686.9 million of marketable securities, respectively, as short-term because it had the intent to maintain a liquid portfolio and the ability to redeem the securities within one year. At the time of sale, any realized appreciation or depreciation, calculated by the specific identification method, is recognized in other income and expense. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the cost of the Company’s marketable securities was $641.0 million and $686.5 million, respectively.

(9) Assets Held for Sale

In 2022, the Company committed to a formal plan to sell 14 CRJ700 aircraft and determined the aircraft met the criteria to be classified as assets held for sale. At December 31, 2023, the Company presented the $54.3 million of assets held for sale at their fair market value less costs to sell and included the amount in “Other current assets” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company changed its plan to sell the 14 CRJ700 aircraft and reclassified them as held for use assets in “Aircraft and rotable spares” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company remeasured the fair value of the held for use assets at the time of the reclassification and, as a result, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $4.2 million gain (pre-tax) as an offset to other operating expenses primarily due to the elimination of the estimated costs to sell the assets.

(10) Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 510,204 | ​ | $ | 447,534
Current portion of unamortized debt issue cost, net | ​ | (3,602) | ​ | ​ | (3,665)
Current portion of long-term debt, net of debt issue costs | $ | 506,602 | ​ | $ | 443,869
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | $ | 2,408,767 | ​ | $ | 2,582,776
Long-term portion of unamortized debt issue cost, net | ​ | (19,540) | ​ | ​ | (20,593)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issue costs | $ | 2,389,227 | ​ | $ | 2,562,183
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total long-term debt (including current portion) | $ | 2,918,971 | ​ | $ | 3,030,310
Total unamortized debt issue cost, net | ​ | (23,142) | ​ | ​ | (24,258)
Total long-term debt, net of debt issue costs | $ | 2,895,829 | ​ | $ | 3,006,052

​

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $2.9 billion of total long-term debt, which consisted of $2.7 billion of debt used to finance aircraft and spare engines and $200.6 million of unsecured debt payable to U.S. Treasury. The average effective interest rate on the Company’s debt was approximately 4.1% at March 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $45.0 million and $49.1 million, respectively, in letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding with various banks and surety institutions.

As of March 31, 2024, SkyWest Airlines had a $100.0 million line of credit. The line of credit includes minimum liquidity and profitability covenants and is secured by certain assets. As of March 31, 2024, SkyWest Airlines had no amounts outstanding under the facility. However, at March 31, 2024, SkyWest Airlines had $24.9 million in letters of credit issued under the facility, which reduced the amount available under the facility to $75.1 million. The line of credit expires March 25, 2025 and has a variable interest rate of 3.5% plus the one month SOFR rate.

The Company’s debt agreements are not traded on an active market and are recorded at carrying value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated based on current rates offered to the Company for similar debt. Debt is primarily classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The

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carrying value and fair value of the Company’s long-term debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
Carrying value | ​ | $ | 2,918,971 | ​ | $ | 3,030,310
Fair value | ​ | $ | 2,820,034 | ​ | $ | 2,918,012

​

(11) Investments in Other Companies

Equity Method Investments

During 2019, the Company created a joint venture with Regional One, Inc. and, as of March 31, 2024, has invested a total of $26.6 million for an ownership interest in Aero Engines, LLC. (“Aero Engines”). The primary purpose of Aero Engines is to lease engines to third parties. The Company accounts for its investment in Aero Engines under the equity method. The Company’s exposure in its investment in Aero Engines primarily consists of the Company’s portion of income or loss from Aero Engines’ engine lease agreements with third parties and the Company’s ownership percentage in Aero Engines’ engines book value. Aero Engines had no debt outstanding as of March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s investment balance in Aero Engines was $25.3 million and has been recorded in “Other Assets” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s portion of income generated by Aero Engines for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was $0.2 million, which is recorded in “Other income (loss), net” on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

In December 2023, the Company invested $9.9 million for a 9.9% ownership interest in Corporate Flight Management, Inc. d/b/a Contour Airlines (“Contour”), a 14 CFR Part 135 air carrier. In January 2024, the Company invested an additional $15.1 million in Contour. The Company has a 25% ownership interest in Contour at March 31, 2024 and holds one of five seats, or 20%, on Contour’s board of directors. The Contour arrangement also includes an asset provisioning agreement under which the Company will provide CRJ airframes, engines and rotable parts to Contour. The Company accounts for its investment in Contour under the equity method where the investment is reported at cost and adjusted each period for the Company’s share of Contour’s income or loss, recorded on a one quarter lag. Accordingly, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a loss of less than $0.1 million, its portion of loss generated by Contour during the fourth quarter of 2023, which was recorded in “Other income (loss), net” on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s investment balance in Contour of $25.0 million was recorded in “Other Assets” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. At March 31, 2024, the Company had $14.0 million in notes receivable from Contour related to the sale of aircraft under the asset provisioning agreement. The notes are secured by aircraft and collectible within four years.

The Company assesses investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an investment may not be recoverable.

Fair Value Method Investments

In 2021, the Company entered into a strategic partnership with Eve UAM, LLC (“Eve UAM”), to develop a network of deployment for Eve UAM’s electric vertical takeoff and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft.

In 2022, the Company acquired 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Eve Holding, Inc. (“Eve”) and a warrant giving the Company the right to acquire 1,500,000 shares of common stock of Eve at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Company also received a put option from an Eve shareholder for the 1,000,000 shares of common stock of Eve payable in aircraft parts credits. The intent of the put option is to reduce the Company’s investment risk in Eve, and the put option expires in December 2031. The Company is restricted from selling the shares underlying the warrant until May 2025, and the warrant expires in May 2032. The Company acquired the shares of common stock, warrant and put option (collectively the “Eve Investments”) for $10.0 million. The Company evaluated the Eve Investments under ASC Topic 321, “Investments – Equity Securities” and ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” and recorded the Eve Investments based on their pro rata share of the consideration paid using the fair value of the Eve Investments on the acquisition date, with subsequent changes in the fair value reported in earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold 600,411 shares of common stock of Eve, which concurrently forfeited the 600,411 shares subject to the put option from the Eve shareholder.

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The shares of common stock of Eve are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy as Eve stock is actively traded on the New York Stock Exchange, and the value is determined using quoted market prices for the equity security. The warrant and put option are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy (“Eve Level 3 Investments”), and the Company used the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model to determine the estimated fair market value of the Eve Level 3 Investments, including an expected volatility of 52%, which is a significant unobservable input that was derived from historical volatility of comparable companies.

The table below shows the reconciliation of the Eve Level 3 Investments (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Eve Level 3 Investments: | ​ | ​
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 12,477
Unrealized loss | ​ |  | (2,731)
Balance at March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 9,746

​

The Company recognized unrealized losses of $3.5 million in “Other income (loss), net” on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2024, related to the Eve Investments. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the Eve Investments was $11.9 million and was recorded in “Other Assets” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

(12) Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 24.8%. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 varied from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the provision for state income taxes and the impact of non-deductible expenses, partially offset by a discrete tax benefit from excess tax deductions generated from employee equity transactions that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 15.5%. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 varied from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the impact of non-deductible expenses and a discrete tax expense on employee equity transactions that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023, partially offset by the provision for state income taxes.

(13) Legal Matters

The Company is subject to certain legal actions which it considers routine to its business activities. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s management believed, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of such legal matters was not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

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ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis presents factors that had a material effect on the results of operations of SkyWest, Inc. (“SkyWest” “we” or “us”) during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Also discussed is our financial condition as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024, including the notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section of this Report entitled “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” for discussion of uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements contained in this Report should be considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “forecast,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “could,” “should,” “hope,” “likely,” and “continue” and similar terms used in connection with statements regarding our outlook, anticipated operations, the revenue environment, our contractual relationships, and our anticipated financial performance. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the continued demand for our product, the effect of economic conditions on SkyWest’s business, financial condition and results of operations, the scheduled aircraft deliveries for SkyWest in upcoming periods and the related execution of SkyWest’s fleet transition strategy and expected timing thereof, expected production levels in future periods and associated staffing challenges, pilot attrition trends, SkyWest’s coordination with United Airlines, Inc. (“United”), Delta Air Lines, Inc. (“Delta”), American Airlines, Inc. (“American”) and Alaska Airlines, Inc. (“Alaska”) (each, a “major airline partner” and together, “major airline partners”) to optimize the delivery of aircraft under previously announced agreements, the expected terms, timing and benefits related to SkyWest’s leasing and joint venture transactions, SkyWest’s provision of assets to Contour Airlines, as well as SkyWest’s future financial and operating results, plans, objectives, expectations, estimates, intentions and outlook, and other statements that are not historical facts. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are made as of the date hereof and are based on information available to SkyWest as of such date. SkyWest assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements unless required by law. Readers should note that many factors could affect the future operating and financial results of SkyWest and could cause actual results to vary materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements set forth in this Report. These factors include, but are not limited to the challenges of competing successfully in a highly competitive and rapidly changing industry; developments associated with fluctuations in the economy and the demand for air travel, including related to inflationary pressures, and related decreases in customer demand and spending; uncertainty regarding continued recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and other potential future outbreaks of infectious diseases or other health concerns, and the consequences of such outbreaks to the travel industry, including travel demand and travel behavior, and our major airline partners in general and the financial condition and operating results of SkyWest in particular; the prospects of entering into agreements with existing or other carriers to fly new aircraft; ongoing negotiations between SkyWest and its major airline partners regarding their contractual obligations; uncertainties regarding operation of new aircraft; the ability to attract and retain qualified pilots, including captains, and related staffing challenges; the impact of regulatory issues such as pilot rest rules and qualification requirements; the ability to obtain aircraft financing; the financial stability of SkyWest’s major airline partners and any potential impact of their financial condition on the operations of SkyWest; fluctuations in flight schedules, which are determined by the major airline partners for whom SkyWest conducts flight operations; variations in market and economic conditions; significant aircraft lease and debt commitments; estimated useful life of long-lived assets, residual aircraft values and related impairment charges; labor relations and costs and labor shortages; the impact of global instability; rapidly fluctuating fuel costs and potential fuel shortages; the impact of weather-related, natural disasters and other air safety incidents on air travel and airline costs; aircraft deliveries; uncertainty regarding ongoing hostility between Russia and the Ukraine, as well as Israel and Hamas, and the related impacts on macroeconomic conditions and on the international operations of any of our major airline partners as a result of such conflict; as well as the other factors identified under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Report, elsewhere in this Report, in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and other unanticipated factors.

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There may be other factors that may affect matters discussed in forward-looking statements set forth in this Report, which factors may also cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed. We assume no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting these statements other than as required by applicable law.

Overview

We have the largest regional airline operation in the United States through our operating subsidiary SkyWest Airlines, Inc. (“SkyWest Airlines”). As of March 31, 2024, we offered scheduled passenger and air freight service with approximately 1,860 total daily departures to destinations in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Our fleet of Embraer E175 regional jet aircraft (“E175”), Canadair CRJ900 regional jet aircraft (“CRJ900”) and Canadair CRJ700 regional jet aircraft (“CRJ700”) have a multiple-class seat configuration, whereas our Canadair CRJ200 regional jet aircraft (“CRJ200”) aircraft have a single-class seat configuration. During 2022, we formed SkyWest Charter, LLC (“SWC”), which offers on-demand charter services. As of March 31, 2024, we had 601 total aircraft in our fleet, including 475 aircraft in scheduled service or under contract under our code-share agreements, summarized as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | E175 |  | CRJ900 |  | CRJ700 |  | CRJ200 |  | Total
United |  | 93 | ​ | — | ​ | 19 | ​ | 89 | ​ | 201
Delta | ​ | 85 | ​ | 41 | ​ | 9 | ​ | — | ​ | 135
American |  | 20 | ​ | — | ​ | 77 | ​ | — | ​ | 97
Alaska |  | 42 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 42
Aircraft in scheduled service or under contract | ​ | 240 | ​ | 41 | ​ | 105 | ​ | 89 | ​ | 475
SWC | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 16 | ​ | 16
Leased to third parties |  | — | ​ | 5 | ​ | 35 | ​ | — | ​ | 40
Other (1) |  | — | ​ | 3 | ​ | 27 | ​ | 40 | ​ | 70
Total Fleet |  | 240 | ​ | 49 | ​ | 167 | ​ | 145 | ​ | 601

(1) | As of March 31, 2024, other aircraft included: supplemental spare aircraft supporting our code-share agreements that may be placed under future code-share or leasing arrangements, aircraft transitioning between code-share agreements with our major airline partners or aircraft that are scheduled to be disassembled for use as spare parts.

Our business model is based on providing scheduled regional airline service under code-share agreements (commercial agreements between airlines that, among other things, allow one airline to use another airline’s flight designator codes on its flights) with our major airline partners. Our success is principally centered on our ability to meet the needs of our major airline partners by providing a reliable and safe operation at attractive economics. From March 31, 2023, to March 31, 2024, we made changes to our fleet, including the addition of two new E175 aircraft and three partner-financed E175 aircraft.

We anticipate our fleet will continue to evolve, as we are scheduled to add one new E175 aircraft with Delta in 2024, a total of 36 E175 aircraft with United from 2024 to 2026 (including 19 new aircraft financed by us and 17 aircraft financed by United) and one new E175 aircraft with Alaska in 2025. Timing of these anticipated deliveries may be subject to change as we are coordinating with our major airline partners in response to labor availability or other factors. Our primary objective in the fleet changes is to improve our profitability by adding new E175 aircraft and used CRJ aircraft to capacity purchase agreements, and potentially removing older aircraft from service that typically require higher maintenance costs.

As of March 31, 2024, approximately 42.3% of our aircraft in scheduled service or under contract were operated for United, approximately 28.5% were operated for Delta, approximately 20.4% were operated for American and approximately 8.8% were operated for Alaska.

Historically, multiple contractual relationships with major airlines have enabled us to reduce our reliance on any single major airline code and to enhance and stabilize operating results through a mix of fixed-fee arrangements (referred to as “capacity purchase” agreements) and “prorate” arrangements. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our capacity purchase revenue represented approximately 87.0% of our total flying agreement revenue and our prorate and SWC revenue, combined, represented approximately 13.0% of our total flying agreements revenue. On capacity

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purchase routes, the major airline partner controls scheduling, ticketing, pricing and seat inventories and we are compensated by the major airline partner at contracted rates based on completed block hours (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time), flight departures, the number of aircraft under contract and other operating measures. We control scheduling, pricing and seat inventories on certain prorate routes, and we share passenger fares with our major airline partners according to prorate formulas. We are also responsible for the operating costs of the prorate flights, including fuel and airport costs.

First Quarter Summary

We had total operating revenues of $803.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a 16.2% increase compared to total operating revenues of $691.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We had net income of $60.3 million, or $1.45 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net loss of $22.1 million, or $0.45 loss per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The significant items affecting our revenue and operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2024, are outlined below:

Revenue

The number of aircraft we have in scheduled service or under contract pursuant to our code-share agreements and the number of block hours we incur on our flights are primary drivers of our flying agreements revenue under our capacity purchase agreements. The number of flights we operate and the corresponding number of passengers we carry are the primary drivers of our revenue under our prorate flying agreements. The number of aircraft we have in scheduled service or under contract under code-share agreements decreased from 491 as of March 31, 2023 to 475 as of March 31, 2024; and the number of block hours increased from 276,241 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to 289,801 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or by 4.9%, due to an increase in scheduled daily utilization of our aircraft.

Our capacity purchase revenue increased $90.7 million, or 15.5%, from the three months ended March 31, 2023 to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily as a result of an increase in completed block hours for the comparable periods and recognizing previously deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to deferring revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a result of a higher number of passengers carried on our prorate routes and an increase in the number of prorate and charter flights operated year-over-year, our prorate and SWC revenue increased $23.7 million, or 30.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Operating Expenses

Our total operating expenses increased $7.6 million, or 1.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to an increase in our direct operating expenses associated with the increase in the number of flights we operated, partially offset by lower aircraft rent expense from early lease buyouts we executed during 2023. Departures increased from 160,623 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to 169,432 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or by 5.5%. Additional details regarding the increase in our operating expenses are described in the section of this Report entitled “Results of Operations.”

Fleet Activity

The following table summarizes our fleet scheduled for service or under contract as of:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Aircraft in Service or Under Contract |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2023
E175s |  | 240 |  | 237 |  | 236
CRJ900s |  | 41 |  | 41 |  | 36
CRJ700s |  | 105 |  | 118 |  | 103
CRJ200s |  | 89 |  | 89 |  | 116
Total |  | 475 |  | 485 |  | 491

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which are presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Critical accounting policies are those policies that are most important to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and require management’s subjective and complex judgments due to the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our critical accounting policies relate to revenue recognition, long-lived assets, and income tax. The application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results will likely differ, and may differ materially, from such estimates. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronounceme nts

See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Operational Statistics

The following table sets forth our major operational statistics and the associated percentage changes for the periods identified below. The increase in block hours, departures and passengers carried during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to an increase in the number of available captains during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
Block hours by aircraft type: |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | % Change
E175s |  | 178,985 | ​ | 160,751 | ​ | 11.3 | %
CRJ900s | ​ | 17,392 | ​ | 20,713 | ​ | (16.0) | %
CRJ700s | ​ | 58,285 | ​ | 52,028 | ​ | 12.0 | %
CRJ200s |  | 35,139 | ​ | 42,749 | ​ | (17.8) | %
Total block hours | ​ | 289,801 | ​ | 276,241 | ​ | 4.9 | %
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Departures |  | 169,432 | ​ | 160,623 | ​ | 5.5 | %
Passengers carried |  | 9,149,453 | ​ | 8,575,870 | ​ | 6.7 | %
Passenger load factor |  | 80.8 | % | 80.2 | % | 0.6 | pts
Average passenger trip length (miles) |  | 461 | ​ | 472 | ​ | (2.3) | %

Operating Revenues

The following table summarizes our operating revenue for the periods indicated (dollar amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Flying agreements | ​ | $ | 778,289 | ​ | $ | 663,838 | ​ | $ | 114,451 | ​ | 17.2 | %
Lease, airport services and other | ​ |  | 25,325 | ​ |  | 27,993 | ​ |  | (2,668) | ​ | (9.5) | %
Total operating revenues | ​ | $ | 803,614 | ​ | $ | 691,831 | ​ | $ | 111,783 |  | 16.2 | %

Flying agreements revenue primarily consists of revenue earned on flights we operate under our capacity purchase agreements and prorate agreements with our major airline partners and on-demand charter flights. Lease,

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airport services and other revenues consist of revenue earned from leasing aircraft and spare engines to third parties separate from our capacity purchase agreements and providing airport counter, gate and ramp services.

We disaggregate our flying agreements revenue into the following categories (dollar amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | $ Change | ​ | % Change
Capacity purchase agreements flight operations revenue |  | $ | 544,160 |  | $ | 468,916 |  | $ | 75,244 |  | 16.0 | %
Capacity purchase agreements aircraft lease revenue | ​ |  | 133,045 | ​ |  | 117,585 | ​ |  | 15,460 |  | 13.1 | %
Prorate agreements and SWC revenue | ​ |  | 101,084 | ​ | ​ | 77,337 | ​ | ​ | 23,747 |  | 30.7 | %
Flying agreements revenue | ​ | $ | 778,289 | ​ | $ | 663,838 | ​ | $ | 114,451 |  | 17.2 | %

The increase in “Capacity purchase agreements flight operations revenue” of $75.2 million, or 16.0%, was primarily due to a 4.9% increase in block hour production and a decrease in deferred revenue related to fixed monthly payments for flight operations received under our capacity purchase agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Under our capacity purchase agreements, we are paid a fixed amount per month per aircraft over the contract term. We recognize the fixed amount per aircraft related to operating the aircraft as revenue proportionately to the number of block hours we complete for each reporting period. Under our capacity purchase agreements, the performance obligation of each completed flight is measured in block hours incurred for each completed flight. Beginning January 1, 2024, certain scheduled fixed monthly payments under our capacity purchase agreements transitioned to variable payments, which are calculated at a rate per block hour. Based on the number of completed block hours during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized $0.4 million of previously deferred revenue, net of unbilled revenue, related to the non-lease fixed monthly payments we received associated with our flight operations revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we deferred recognizing $42.6 million of revenue, net of unbilled revenue, related to fixed monthly payments received associated with our flight operations revenues. The timing of our revenue recognition related to the fixed payments associated with our flight operations will be adjusted over the remaining contract term for each capacity purchase agreement based on the number of block hours we complete each reporting period relative to the number of block hours we anticipate completing over the remaining contract term of each capacity purchase agreement.

The increase in “Capacity purchase agreements aircraft lease revenue” of $15.5 million, or 13.1%, was primarily due to an increase in variable lease revenue as a result of certain scheduled fixed monthly lease payments that transitioned beginning January 1, 2024 to variable payments under our capacity purchase agreements. Under our capacity purchase agreements, a portion of the consideration we are paid is designed as reimbursement for certain aircraft ownership costs and is considered lease revenue, including fixed monthly payments and variable payments. We recognize the fixed monthly lease payments as lease revenue using the straight-line basis over the capacity purchase agreement term and variable lease payments are recognized in the period when the block hours are completed. We recognized $0.5 million of previously deferred lease revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024, using the straight-line basis for fixed monthly lease payments, whereas we deferred recognizing lease revenue on $20.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The deferred revenue balance applicable to each contract will be recorded as revenue over the term of each respective contract. For clarity, in total we recognized $0.9 million of previously deferred revenue, net of unbilled revenue, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to deferring revenue, net of unbilled revenue, of $63.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our total deferred revenue balance, net of unbilled revenue, was $366.4 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to total deferred revenue, net of unbilled revenue, of $367.3 million as of December 31, 2023.

The increase in prorate agreements and SWC revenue of $23.7 million, or 30.7%, was primarily due to an increase in prorate passengers and passenger revenue we received on routes we operated under our prorate agreements during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Additionally, a portion of the increase is attributed to SWC revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as SWC began operations in May 2023.

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The decrease in lease, airport services and other revenues of $2.7 million, or 9.5%, was primarily due to a decrease in airport service revenue driven by a decrease in the number of locations where we were contracted to provide airport customer service during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Operating Expenses

Individual expense components attributable to our operations are set forth in the following table (dollar amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | $ Change | ​ | % Change
Salaries, wages and benefits | ​ | $ | 350,999 | ​ | $ | 335,201 | ​ | $ | 15,798 | ​ | 4.7 | %
Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs | ​ |  | 145,415 | ​ |  | 142,226 | ​ |  | 3,189 |  | 2.2 | %
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 95,870 | ​ |  | 94,149 | ​ |  | 1,721 |  | 1.8 | %
Aircraft fuel | ​ |  | 21,164 | ​ |  | 20,964 | ​ |  | 200 |  | 1.0 | %
Airport-related expenses | ​ |  | 20,888 | ​ |  | 18,295 | ​ |  | 2,593 |  | 14.2 | %
Aircraft rentals | ​ |  | 1,276 | ​ |  | 19,528 | ​ |  | (18,252) |  | (93.5) | %
Other operating expenses | ​ |  | 68,496 | ​ |  | 66,172 | ​ |  | 2,324 |  | 3.5 | %
Total operating expenses | ​ | $ | 704,108 | ​ | $ | 696,535 | ​ | $ | 7,573 |  | 1.1 | %

Salaries, wages and benefits. The $15.8 million, or 4.7%, increase in salaries, wages and benefits was primarily due to an increase in direct labor costs that resulted from the higher number of flights we operated during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, and from pay increases to several labor groups since March 31, 2023.

Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs. The $3.2 million, or 2.2%, increase in aircraft maintenance expense was primarily due to higher flight volume, which increased maintenance activity, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Depreciation and amortization. The $1.7 million, or 1.8%, increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily due to an increase in depreciation expense due to the acquisition of two new E175 aircraft and spare engines since March 31, 2023.

Aircraft fuel. The $0.2 million, or 1.0%, increase in fuel cost was primarily due to an increase in the number of flights we operated under our prorate arrangements and SWC and the corresponding increase in gallons of fuel we purchased, offset by a decrease in our average fuel cost per gallon from $4.01 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, to $3.51 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. We purchase and incur expense for all fuel on flights operated under our prorate agreements and SWC. All fuel costs incurred under our capacity purchase agreements are either purchased directly by our major airline partner, or if purchased by us, we record the direct reimbursement as a reduction to our fuel expense. The following table summarizes the gallons of fuel we purchased under our prorate agreements and SWC, for the periods indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | % Change
Fuel gallons purchased | ​ | ​ | 6,025 | ​ | ​ | 5,228 | ​ | 15.2 | %
Fuel expense | ​ | $ | 21,164 | ​ | $ | 20,964 |  | 1.0 | %

Airport-related expenses. Airport-related expenses include airport-related customer service costs such as outsourced airport gate and ramp agent services, airport security fees, passenger interruption costs, deicing, landing fees and station rents. For clarity, our employee airport customer service labor costs are reflected in salaries, wages and benefits and customer service labor costs we outsource to third parties are included in airport-related expenses. The $2.6 million, or 14.2%, increase in airport-related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to an increase in subcontracted airport services and landing fees as a result of an increase in the number of flights we operated under our prorate agreements.

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Aircraft rentals. The $18.3 million, or 93.5%, decrease in aircraft rentals was primarily related to a decrease in our leased aircraft since the three months ended March 31, 2023. During 2023, we acquired 26 CRJ700 aircraft, eight CRJ200 aircraft and one CRJ900 aircraft under early lease buyouts.

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses primarily consist of property taxes, hull and liability insurance, simulator costs, crew per diem and crew hotel costs. The $2.3 million, or 3.5%, increase was primarily related to an increase in other operating costs as a result of the higher number of flights we operated during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, such as crew per diem and crew hotel costs.

Summary of interest expense, interest income, other income (loss), net and provision for income taxes

Interest Expense. The $3.8 million, or 11.3%, decrease in interest expense was primarily related to a decrease in outstanding debt. At March 31, 2024 we had $2.9 billion of outstanding debt, compared to $3.3 billion at March 31, 2023.

Interest income. Interest income increased $1.6 million, from $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, to $11.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in interest income was primarily related to an increase in average interest rates attributed to our marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Other income (loss), net. Other income (loss), net decreased $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Other income (loss), net primarily consists of the unrealized gains on our investments in other companies, income related to our equity method investments and gains or losses on the sale of assets. The decrease in other income (loss), net was primarily a result of a decrease in the fair value of our investments in other companies for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

​

Provision (benefit) for income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our effective income tax rates were 24.8% and 15.5%, respectively, which included the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and other reconciling income tax items, including state income taxes, the impact of non-deductible expenses and a discrete tax benefit or expense on employee equity transactions. The increase in the effective tax rate primarily related to the impact of non-deductible expenses relative to the pre-tax earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to pre-tax loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and the impact of a discrete tax benefit from excess tax deductions generated from employee equity transactions that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to a discrete tax expense from excess tax deductions generated from employee equity transactions that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net income. Primarily due to the factors described above, we generated net income of $60.3 million, or $1.45 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to a net loss of $22.1 million, or $0.45 loss per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Our Business Segments

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we had two reporting segments, which were the basis of our internal financial reporting: (1) the operations of SkyWest Airlines and SWC and (2) SkyWest Leasing activities. Our segment disclosure relates to components of our business for which separate financial information is available to, and regularly evaluated by, our chief operating decision maker.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ | ​ | (dollar amounts in thousands)
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Operating Revenues: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SkyWest Airlines and SWC | ​ | $ | 646,809 | ​ | $ | 568,173 | ​ | $ | 78,636 |  | 13.8 | %
SkyWest Leasing | ​ |  | 156,805 | ​ |  | 123,658 | ​ |  | 33,147 |  | 26.8 | %
Total Operating Revenues | ​ | ​ | 803,614 | ​ | ​ | 691,831 | ​ | ​ | 111,783 |  | 16.2 | %
Operating Expenses and Interest Expense: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SkyWest Airlines and SWC | ​ | ​ | 644,839 | ​ | ​ | 637,454 | ​ | ​ | 7,385 |  | 1.2 | %
SkyWest Leasing | ​ | ​ | 89,098 | ​ | ​ | 92,701 | ​ | ​ | (3,603) |  | (3.9) | %
Total Operating Expenses and Interest Expense (1) | ​ | ​ | 733,937 | ​ | ​ | 730,155 | ​ | ​ | 3,782 |  | 0.5 | %
Segment profit (loss): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SkyWest Airlines and SWC | ​ | ​ | 1,970 | ​ | ​ | (69,281) | ​ | ​ | 71,251 |  | (102.8) | %
SkyWest Leasing | ​ | ​ | 67,707 | ​ | ​ | 30,957 | ​ | ​ | 36,750 |  | 118.7 | %
Total Segment Profit (Loss) | ​ | ​ | 69,677 | ​ | ​ | (38,324) | ​ | ​ | 108,001 |  | (281.8) | %
Interest Income | ​ |  | 11,626 | ​ | ​ | 10,033 | ​ | ​ | 1,593 |  | 15.9 | %
Other Income (Loss), net | ​ |  | (1,128) | ​ |  | 2,174 | ​ |  | (3,302) |  | (151.9) | %
Consolidated Income (Loss) Before Taxes | ​ | $ | 80,175 | ​ | $ | (26,117) | ​ | $ | 106,292 |  | (407.0) | %

(1) | We include interest expense in our segment profit (loss) given our interest expense is primarily attributed to debt associated with financing aircraft under our capacity purchase agreements and revenue earned under our capacity purchase agreements is intended to compensate us for our aircraft ownership costs, including interest expense.

SkyWest Airlines and SWC Segment Profit (Loss). SkyWest Airlines and SWC segment profit was $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to a segment loss of $69.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

SkyWest Airlines and SWC block hour production increased to 289,801, or 4.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from 276,241 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to improvements in the number of available captains. Significant items contributing to the SkyWest Airlines and SWC segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are set forth below.

SkyWest Airlines and SWC operating revenues increased $78.6 million, or 13.8%, from the three months ended March 31, 2023, to the three months ended March 31, 2024. SkyWest Airlines recognizes revenue attributed to flight operations received as fixed monthly payments per aircraft proportionate to the number of block hours completed during each reporting period, relative to the estimated number of block hours we anticipate completing over the remaining contract term. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, SkyWest Airlines recognized $0.4 million of previously deferred revenue, net of unbilled revenue, related to fixed monthly payments we received associated with our flight operations revenues, compared to deferring $42.6 million of revenue, net of unbilled revenue, related to fixed monthly payments received associated with our flight operations revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Additionally, the increase in SkyWest Airlines and SWC operating revenues was attributed to an increase in block hour production during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

SkyWest Airlines and SWC operating expenses and interest expense increased $7.4 million, or 1.2%, from the three months ended March 31, 2023, to the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to the following primary factors:

| ● | SkyWest Airlines and SWC’s salaries, wages and benefits expense increased $15.8 million, or 4.7%, primarily due to an increase in direct labor costs that resulted from the higher number of flights we operated during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

| ● | SkyWest Airlines and SWC’s aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs expense increased $3.3 million, or 2.4%, primarily due to higher flight volume, which increased the maintenance activity, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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| ● | SkyWest Airlines and SWC’s depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $2.1 million, or 5.6%, primarily due to certain CRJ aircraft and engines that were depreciated to their estimated residual value since March 31, 2023.

| ● | SkyWest Airlines and SWC’s fuel expense increased $0.2 million, or 1.0%, due to an increase in the number of flights we operated under our prorate arrangements and SWC and the corresponding increase in gallons of fuel we purchased, offset by a decrease in our average fuel cost per gallon from $4.01 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, to $3.51 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

| ● | SkyWest Airlines and SWC’s remaining airline expense decreased $9.8 million, or 9.2%, primarily related to a decrease in aircraft rent expense due to the early lease buyouts of 35 CRJ aircraft in 2023.

SkyWest Leasing Segment Profit. SkyWest Leasing profit increased $36.8 million, or 118.7%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, SkyWest Leasing deferred recognizing lease revenue under the straight-line basis on $20.6 million of the fixed monthly lease payments received, compared to recognizing $0.5 million of previously deferred lease revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Additionally, SkyWest Leasing profit increased due to additional lease revenue from the E175 aircraft placed under contract since March 31, 2023, a decrease in interest expense as a result of a lower outstanding debt balance for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, and a gain related to reclassifying assets held for sale as held and used during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2024, we had $821.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. As of March 31, 2024, we had $75.1 million available for borrowings under our line of credit. Given our available liquidity as of March 31, 2024, we believe the working capital currently available to us will be sufficient to meet our present financial requirements, including planned capital expenditures, scheduled lease payments and debt service obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Our total cash and marketable securities decreased from $835.2 million as of December 31, 2023 to $821.2 million as of March 31, 2024, or by $14.1 million. At March 31, 2024, our total capital mix was 47.5% equity and 52.5% long-term debt, compared to 45.2% equity and 54.8% long-term debt at December 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased 136,261 shares of our common stock for $8.7 million under share repurchase programs authorized by our Board of Directors.

As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had $45.0 million and $49.1 million, respectively, in letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding with various banks and surety institutions. We had no restricted cash as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Cash Position and Liquidity. The following table provides a summary of the net cash provided by (used in) our operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and our total cash and marketable securities positions as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended March 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ | $ | 157,648 | ​ | $ | 150,203 | ​ | $ | 7,445 | ​ | 5.0 | %
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ​ |  | (554) | ​ |  | 3,032 | ​ |  | (3,586) |  | (118.3) | %
Net cash used in financing activities | ​ |  | (125,392) | ​ |  | (181,695) | ​ |  | 56,303 |  | (31.0) | %

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | December 31, |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | $ Change | ​ | % Change
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 179,979 | ​ | $ | 148,277 | ​ | $ | 31,702 |  | 21.4 | %
Marketable securities | ​ |  | 641,185 | ​ |  | 686,946 | ​ |  | (45,761) |  | (6.7) | %
Total | ​ | $ | 821,164 | ​ | $ | 835,223 | ​ | $ | (14,059) |  | (1.7) | %

Cash Flows provided by Operating Activities

Our cash flows provided by operating activities was $157.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $150.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our operating cash flows are typically impacted by various factors including our net income, adjusted for non-cash expenses and gains such as depreciation expense, stock-based compensation expense and gains or losses on the disposal of assets; and timing of cash payments and cash receipts attributed to our various current asset and liability accounts, such as accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and unbilled revenue.

The increase in our cash flow from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to the increase in net income, adjusted for non-cash items, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, offset by the timing of cash payments on our current liability accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cash Flows provided by (used in) Investing Activities

Our cash flows used in investing activities was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to cash flows provided by investing activities of $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our investing cash flows are typically impacted by various factors including our capital expenditures, such as the acquisition of aircraft and spare engines; deposit payments and refunds of previously made deposits on new aircraft; purchase and sales of marketable securities; proceeds from the sale of assets; and timing of cash payments and cash receipts attributed to our various long-term asset and long-term liability accounts.

The increase in our cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was primarily due to cash used to acquire other long-term assets, including our investment in Contour, and a decrease in cash provided by the sale of marketable securities, net of purchases of marketable securities, of $38.8 million from the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cash used for the acquisition of property and equipment decreased $65.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the early lease buyouts we executed during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cash Flows provided by (used in) Financing Activities

Our cash flows used in financing activities was $125.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to cash used in financing activities of $181.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our financing cash flows are typically impacted by various factors including proceeds from issuance of debt, principal payments on debt obligations, repurchases of our common stock and payment of cash dividends.

The $56.3 million decrease in cash used for financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to a decrease of $91.3 million in cash used to purchase treasury stock, offset by a decrease of $25.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Significant Commitments and Obligations

General

See Note 7, "Leases, Commitments and Contingencies," to the condensed consolidated financial statements for our commitments and obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter.

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Purchase Commitments and Options

As of March 31, 2024, we had a firm purchase commitment for 21 new E175 aircraft from Embraer with delivery dates anticipated into 2026.

At the time of each aircraft acquisition, we evaluate the financing alternatives available to us, and select one or more of these methods to fund the acquisition. In recent years, we have issued long-term debt to finance our new aircraft. At present, we intend to fund our aircraft purchase commitments through cash on hand and debt financing. Based on current market conditions and discussions with prospective leasing organizations and financial institutions, we currently believe that we will be able to obtain financing for our committed acquisitions, as well as additional aircraft. We intend to finance the firm purchase commitment for 21 E175 aircraft with approximately 75-85% debt and the remaining balance with cash.

Aircraft Lease and Facility Obligations

We also have long-term lease obligations, primarily relating to our facilities, aircraft and engines. Excluding aircraft financed by our major airline partners that we operate for them under contract, we had eight aircraft under lease with remaining terms ranging from five years to six years as of March 31, 2024. Future minimum lease payments due under all long-term operating leases were approximately $128.2 million at March 31, 2024. Assuming a 6.2% discount rate, which is the average incremental borrowing rate we anticipate we would have incurred on debt obtained over a similar term to acquire these assets, the present value of these lease obligations would have been equal to approximately $85.9 million at March 31, 2024.

Long-term Debt Obligations

As of March 31, 2024, we had $2.9 billion of long-term debt, which consisted of $2.7 billion of debt used to finance aircraft and spare engines and $200.6 million of unsecured debt payable to U.S. Department of the Treasury. The average effective interest rate on our debt was approximately 4.1% at March 31, 2024.

Under our capacity purchase agreements, our major airline partners compensate us for our costs of owning or leasing the aircraft on a monthly basis. The aircraft compensation structure varies by agreement, but is intended to cover either our aircraft principal and interest debt service costs, our aircraft depreciation and interest expense or our aircraft lease expense costs while the aircraft is under contract.

Guarantees

We have guaranteed the obligations of SkyWest Airlines under the United Express Agreement and the Delta Connection Agreement for the E175 aircraft. In addition, we have guaranteed certain other obligations under SkyWest Airlines’ aircraft financing and leasing agreements.

We have guaranteed $23.3 million in promissory notes of third parties in event the third parties default on their payments. The third parties’ loans are secured by aircraft and engines.

Seasonality

Our results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of those for an entire year, because the airline industry is subject to seasonal fluctuations and general economic conditions. Our operations are somewhat favorably affected by increased travel on our prorate routes, historically occurring during the summer months, and unfavorably affected by decreased travel during the months of November through February and by inclement weather, which may occasionally or frequently, depending on the severity of the inclement weather in any given winter, result in cancelled flights during the winter months.

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ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Aircraft Fuel

In the past, we have not experienced sustained material difficulties with fuel availability, and we currently expect to be able to obtain fuel at prevailing prices in quantities sufficient to meet our future needs. Pursuant to our contract flying arrangements, United, Delta, American and Alaska have agreed to bear the economic risk of fuel price fluctuations on our contracted flights. We bear the economic risk of fuel price fluctuations on our prorate and SWC operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, approximately 13.0% of our total flying agreements revenue was derived from prorate agreements and SWC. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the average price per gallon of aircraft fuel was $3.51. For illustrative purposes only, we have estimated the impact of the market risk of fuel price fluctuations on our prorate and SWC operations using a hypothetical increase of 25% in the price per gallon we purchase. Based on this hypothetical assumption, we would have incurred an additional $5.3 million in fuel expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Interest Rates

As of March 31, 2024, our long-term debt had fixed interest rates. We currently intend to finance the acquisition of aircraft through manufacturer financing or long-term borrowings. Changes in interest rates may impact our actual cost to acquire future aircraft. To the extent we place new aircraft in service under our capacity purchase agreements with United, Delta, American, Alaska or other carriers, our capacity purchase agreements currently provide that reimbursement rates will be adjusted to reflect the interest rates effective at the closing of the respective aircraft financing. A hypothetical 50 basis point change in market interest rates would not have a material effect on our financial results.

Labor and Inflation Risk

The global economy has experienced, and continues to experience high rates of inflation. We cannot predict how long these inflationary pressures will continue, or how they may change over time, but we expect to see continued impacts on the global economy and our Company.

As a result, our costs have become, and we expect they will continue to be, subject to significant inflationary pressures, and we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases under our capacity purchase agreements. Salaries, wages and benefits expense represented 49.9% of our total operating expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024. For illustrative purposes, a hypothetical increase of 25% to our salaries, wages and benefits during the three months ended March 31, 2024, would have increased our operating expenses by approximately $87.7 million.

Our inability or failure to offset a material increase in costs due to inflation and/or labor costs could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Additionally, in the event we are unable to hire and retain qualified pilots or other operational personnel, including flight attendants and maintenance technicians, we may be unable to operate requested flight schedules under our capacity purchase agreements, which could result in a reduction in revenue and operating inefficiencies, such as incremental new-hire training costs, and could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

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Disclosure Controls and Procedures

​

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, which have been designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, those controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file

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or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Changes in Internal Control

​

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are subject to certain legal actions which we consider routine to our business activities. As of March 31, 2024, our management believed, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of such legal matters was not likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and in our other filings with the SEC, which factors could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The risks described in our reports filed with the SEC are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Our Board of Directors has adopted stock repurchase programs which authorize us to repurchase shares of our common stock in the public market or in private transactions, from time to time, at prevailing prices. Our current stock repurchase program was authorized in May 2023 for the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of our common stock. The following table summarizes the repurchases under our stock purchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased | ​ | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program (1) | ​ | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (in Thousands)
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024 | ​ | 18,707 | ​ | $ | 51.23 | ​ | 18,707 | ​ | $ | 89,964
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024 | ​ | 18,255 | ​ | $ | 59.79 | ​ | 18,255 | ​ | $ | 88,872
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 2024 | ​ | 99,299 | ​ | $ | 67.47 | ​ | 99,299 | ​ | $ | 82,172
Total | ​ | 136,261 | ​ | $ | 64.21 | ​ | 136,261 | ​ | $ | 82,172

(1) | In May 2023, our Board of Directors approved a stock purchase program, which superseded our prior repurchase program and authorized us to repurchase up to $250.0 million of our common stock. Purchases are made at management’s discretion based on market conditions and financial resources. As of March 31, 2024, we had repurchased 4,385,422 shares of our common stock for $167.8 million and had $82.2 million remaining availability under the May 2023 authorization.

ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION

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During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

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| ​ |
10.1 | ​ | Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors
10.2 | ​ | 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
10.3 | ​ | 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan Form of Performance Share Award Agreement
31.1 | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1 | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2 | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101.INS | ​ | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE

​

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on April 26, 2024.

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​ | ​ | ​
​ | SKYWEST, INC.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | By | /s/ Robert J. Simmons
​ | ​ | Robert J. Simmons
​ | ​ | Chief Financial Officer

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​

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