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Income Taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Aug. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended August 31, |  | Nine Months Ended August 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Income tax expense | $ | 22,900 |  |  | $ | 23,800 |  |  | $ | 47,800 |  |  | $ | 37,600 |
Effective tax rate | 22.6 | % |  | 25.9 | % |  | 20.1 | % |  | 20.5 | %
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended August 31, 2020 included the favorable effect of $3.1 million of federal energy tax credits that we earned from building energy-efficient homes, partially offset by $1.2 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended August 31, 2019 reflected $1.4 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 included the favorable effects of $10.1 million of federal energy tax credits that we earned from building energy-efficient homes and $5.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, partially offset by $3.2 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. For the nine months ended August 31, 2019, our income tax expense and effective tax rate included the favorable effects of $4.3 million of federal energy tax credits, a $3.3 million reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance related to refundable alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credits and $2.9 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, partly offset by $2.6 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. The federal energy tax credits for the three months and nine months ended August 31, 2020 resulted from legislation enacted in December 2019, which among other things, extended the availability of a business tax credit for building new energy- efficient homes through December 31, 2020. Prior to this legislation, the tax credit expired on December 31, 2017. This extension is expected to benefit our income tax provision in future periods. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted to provide economic and other relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other things, the CARES Act provides various income and payroll tax provisions that we do not expect to have a material impact on our income tax expense or effective tax rate for 2020. The CARES Act also accelerated the timetable for AMT credit refunds. As a result, in the 2020 second quarter, we filed a superseding 2019 federal income tax return claiming an additional refund of $39.3 million of AMT credits and reclassified this amount from deferred tax assets to receivables. These credits were in addition to the $43.3 million of AMT tax credits that we reclassified from deferred tax assets to receivables in the 2020 first quarter when we filed a preliminary 2019 federal income tax return. We received the $43.3 million AMT credit refund in the 2020 third quarter. In June 2020, California enacted tax legislation that approved the suspension of California net operating loss deductions for tax years 2020, 2021 and 2022. The suspension of California net operating loss deductions did not have an impact on our income tax expense for the three months or nine months ended August 31, 2020. Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance. We evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if adjustments to our valuation allowance are required based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with respect to whether deferred tax assets will be realized. Our evaluation considers, among other factors, our historical operating results, our expectation of future profitability, the duration of the applicable statutory carryforward periods, and conditions in the housing market and the broader economy. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income during the periods in which the related deferred tax assets become deductible. The value of our deferred tax assets depends on applicable income tax rates. Our deferred tax assets of $260.5 million as of August 31, 2020 and $383.7 million as of November 30, 2019 were partly offset by valuation allowances of $19.3 million and $19.2 million, respectively. Our deferred tax assets as of August 31, 2020 reflected the above-mentioned AMT credit reclassifications totaling $82.6 million from deferred tax assets to receivables in the 2020 first and second quarters. The deferred tax asset valuation allowances as of August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 were primarily related to certain state net operating losses that had not met the “more likely than not” realization standard at those dates. As a result of an adjustment to our state net operating losses, we increased the valuation allowance by $.1 million in the 2020 third quarter. Based on the evaluation of our deferred tax assets as of August 31, 2020, we determined that most of our deferred tax assets would be realized. Therefore, other than the slight increase mentioned above, no adjustments to our deferred tax valuation allowance were needed for the nine months ended August 31, 2020. We will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence on a quarterly basis in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to our deferred tax assets. The accounting for deferred tax assets is based upon estimates of future results. Changes in positive and negative evidence, including differences between estimated and actual results, could result in changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets that could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Changes in existing federal and state tax laws and corporate income tax rates could also affect actual tax results and the realization of deferred tax assets over time. Unrecognized Tax Benefits. As of August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, we had no gross unrecognized tax benefits. The fiscal years ending 2017 and later remain open to federal examinations, while 2015 and later remain open to state examinations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 + Details
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