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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the quarterly period ended February 28, 2025.
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from [ ] to [ ].
Commission File No. 001-09195
KB HOME
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 95-3666267
(State of incorporation) | (IRS employer identification number)

10990 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90024
(310) 231-4000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number of principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (par value $1.00 per share) |  | KBH |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 71,733,514 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, outstanding on February 28, 2025.

KB HOME
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

| Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three Months Ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets - February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 | 4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - Three Months Ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 44
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 44
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 45
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 45
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 45
Item 5. Other Information | 45
Item 6. Exhibits | 46
SIGNATURES | 47

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements
KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts – Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,391,777 |  |  | $ | 1,467,766 |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 1,387,041 |  |  | $ | 1,461,698 |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs |  | (1,107,414) |  |  | (1,146,528) |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (152,288) |  |  | (157,494) |  |  |  |  |
Operating income |  | 127,339 |  |  | 157,676 |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | 2,079 |  |  | 5,857 |  |  |  |  |
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 2,413 |  |  | (445) |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding pretax income |  | 131,831 |  |  | 163,088 |  |  |  |  |
Financial services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | 4,736 |  |  | 6,068 |  |  |  |  |
Expenses |  | (1,539) |  |  | (1,546) |  |  |  |  |
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint venture |  | 4,329 |  |  | 7,055 |  |  |  |  |
Financial services pretax income |  | 7,526 |  |  | 11,577 |  |  |  |  |
Total pretax income |  | 139,357 |  |  | 174,665 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  | (29,800) |  |  | (36,000) |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 109,557 |  |  | $ | 138,665 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.52 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.76 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 71,537 |  |  | 75,894 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  | 73,012 |  |  | 78,264 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes.
3

KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, Except Shares – Unaudited)

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 267,833 |  |  | $ | 597,973 |
Receivables | 347,774 |  |  | 377,533 |
Inventories | 5,942,547 |  |  | 5,528,020 |
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | 61,269 |  |  | 67,020 |
Property and equipment, net | 92,764 |  |  | 90,359 |
Deferred tax assets, net | 102,421 |  |  | 102,421 |
Other assets | 102,512 |  |  | 105,920 |
| 6,917,120 |  |  | 6,869,246 |
Financial services | 62,140 |  |  | 66,923 |
Total assets | $ | 6,979,260 |  |  | $ | 6,936,169 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 364,039 |  |  | $ | 384,894 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 727,950 |  |  | 796,261 |
Notes payable | 1,792,307 |  |  | 1,691,679 |
| 2,884,296 |  |  | 2,872,834 |
Financial services | 2,286 |  |  | 2,719 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock — 74,437,477 and 74,409,977 shares issued at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively | 74,437 |  |  | 74,410 |
Paid-in capital | 834,306 |  |  | 862,049 |
Retained earnings | 3,359,669 |  |  | 3,269,423 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,704) |  |  | (3,704) |
Treasury stock, at cost: 2,703,963 and 2,253,156 at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively | (172,030) |  |  | (141,562) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 4,092,678 |  |  | 4,060,616 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 6,979,260 |  |  | $ | 6,936,169 |

See accompanying notes.
4

KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In Thousands – Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024
| Number of Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | Grantor Stock Ownership Trust |  | Treasury Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Grantor Stock Ownership Trust |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at November 30, 2024 | 74,410 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,253) |  |  | $ | 74,410 |  |  | $ | 862,049 |  |  | $ | 3,269,423 |  |  | $ | (3,704) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (141,562) |  |  | $ | 4,060,616 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,557 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,557 |
Dividends on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,311) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,311) |
Employee stock options/other | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | 418 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 445 |
Stock awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 561 |  |  | — |  |  | (35,719) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,719 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,558 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,558 |
Stock repurchases, including excise tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | (754) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50,303) |  |  | (50,303) |
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (258) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,884) |  |  | (15,884) |
Balance at February 28, 2025 | 74,437 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,704) |  |  | $ | 74,437 |  |  | $ | 834,306 |  |  | $ | 3,359,669 |  |  | $ | (3,704) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (172,030) |  |  | $ | 4,092,678 |
Balance at November 30, 2023 | 101,276 |  |  | (6,705) |  |  | (18,704) |  |  | $ | 101,276 |  |  | $ | 845,693 |  |  | $ | 3,676,924 |  |  | $ | (3,671) |  |  | $ | (72,718) |  |  | $ | (737,364) |  |  | $ | 3,810,140 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138,665 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138,665 |
Dividends on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,355) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,355) |
Employee stock options/other | 586 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 586 |  |  | 8,218 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,804 |
Stock awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 548 |  |  | — |  |  | (22,060) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,060 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,921 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,921 |
Stock repurchases, including excise tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | (827) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50,000) |  |  | (50,000) |
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (258) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,505) |  |  | (16,505) |
Balance at February 29, 2024 | 101,862 |  |  | (6,705) |  |  | (19,241) |  |  | $ | 101,862 |  |  | $ | 839,772 |  |  | $ | 3,799,234 |  |  | $ | (3,671) |  |  | $ | (72,718) |  |  | $ | (781,809) |  |  | $ | 3,882,670 |

5

KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands – Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 109,557 |  |  | $ | 138,665 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures | (6,742) |  |  | (6,610) |
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures | 13,444 |  |  | 6,500 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and premiums | 889 |  |  | 860 |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,815 |  |  | 9,335 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 2,300 |
Stock-based compensation | 7,558 |  |  | 7,921 |
Inventory impairments and land option contract abandonments | 1,455 |  |  | 1,298 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Receivables | 39,258 |  |  | 10,105 |
Inventories | (416,363) |  |  | (107,536) |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | (99,031) |  |  | (38,471) |
Other, net | 6,839 |  |  | 4,151 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (334,321) |  |  | 28,518 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures | — |  |  | (3,138) |
Return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | 556 |  |  | — |
Purchases of property and equipment, net | (11,220) |  |  | (9,454) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (10,664) |  |  | (12,592) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | 180,000 |  |  | — |
Repayments under revolving credit facility | (80,000) |  |  | — |
Payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans | — |  |  | (917) |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans | 445 |  |  | 8,804 |
Stock repurchases | (50,000) |  |  | (50,000) |
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards | (15,884) |  |  | (16,505) |
Payments of cash dividends | (19,311) |  |  | (16,355) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 15,250 |  |  | (74,973) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (329,735) |  |  | (59,047) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 599,193 |  |  | 727,342 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 269,458 |  |  | $ | 668,295 |

See accompanying notes.
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KB HOME
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended November 30, 2024, which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for that period. The consolidated balance sheet at November 30, 2024 has been taken from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of our results for the interim periods presented. The results of our consolidated operations for the three months ended February 28, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year due to seasonal variations in operating results and other factors.
Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “our,” and “us” used in this report refer to KB Home, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents totaled $48.7 million at February 28, 2025 and $385.1 million at November 30, 2024. At February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, our cash equivalents were mainly invested in interest-bearing bank deposit accounts and money market funds.
Comprehensive Income. Our comprehensive income was $109.6 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and $138.7 million for the three months ended February 29, 2024. Our comprehensive income for each of the three-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 was equal to our net income for the respective periods.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-07 is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, “Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disclosure of certain costs and expenses on an interim and annual basis in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting
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periods after the effective date or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2.Segment Information
We have identified five operating reporting segments, comprised of four homebuilding reporting segments and one financial services reporting segment. As of February 28, 2025, our homebuilding reporting segments conducted ongoing operations in the following states:

West Coast: | California, Idaho and Washington
Southwest: | Arizona and Nevada
Central: | Colorado and Texas
Southeast: | Florida and North Carolina

Our homebuilding reporting segments are engaged in the acquisition and development of land primarily for residential purposes and offer a wide variety of homes that are designed to appeal to first-time, first move-up and active adult homebuyers. Our homebuilding operations generate most of their revenues from the delivery of completed homes to homebuyers. They also earn revenues from the sale of land.
Our financial services reporting segment offers property and casualty insurance and, in certain instances, earthquake, flood and personal property insurance to our homebuyers in the same markets as our homebuilding reporting segments, and provides title services in the majority of our markets located within our Southwest, Central and Southeast homebuilding reporting segments. Our financial services reporting segment earns revenues primarily from insurance commissions and from the provision of title services.
We offer mortgage banking services, including residential consumer mortgage loan (“mortgage loan”) originations, to our homebuyers indirectly through KBHS Home Loans, LLC (“KBHS”), our unconsolidated joint venture with GR Alliance Ventures, LLC (“GR Alliance”), a subsidiary of Guaranteed Rate, Inc. We and GR Alliance each have a 50.0% ownership interest, with GR Alliance providing management oversight of KBHS’ operations.
Our reporting segments follow the same accounting policies used for our consolidated financial statements. The results of each reporting segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred had the segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented, nor are they indicative of the results to be expected in future periods.
The following tables present financial information relating to our homebuilding reporting segments (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West Coast | $ | 601,649 |  |  | $ | 558,302 |  |  |  |  |
Southwest | 312,879 |  |  | 323,125 |  |  |  |  |
Central | 275,613 |  |  | 320,484 |  |  |  |  |
Southeast | 196,900 |  |  | 259,787 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 1,387,041 |  |  | $ | 1,461,698 |  |  |  |  |
Pretax income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West Coast | $ | 68,891 |  |  | $ | 65,740 |  |  |  |  |
Southwest | 58,792 |  |  | 55,711 |  |  |  |  |
Central | 25,493 |  |  | 38,575 |  |  |  |  |
Southeast | 13,074 |  |  | 32,265 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate and other | (34,419) |  |  | (29,203) |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 131,831 |  |  | $ | 163,088 |  |  |  |  |

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|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West Coast |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | 1,298 |  |  |  |  |
Southwest |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Central |  | 318 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Southeast |  | 181 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 1,455 |  |  | $ | 1,298 |  |  |  |  |

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Assets: |  |  |
West Coast | $ | 3,396,805 |  |  | $ | 3,178,188 |
Southwest | 1,079,790 |  |  | 915,072 |
Central | 994,520 |  |  | 1,001,393 |
Southeast | 1,042,840 |  |  | 972,993 |
Corporate and other | 403,165 |  |  | 801,600 |
Total | $ | 6,917,120 |  |  | $ | 6,869,246 |

3. Financial Services
The following tables present financial information relating to our financial services reporting segment (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance commissions | $ | 2,561 |  |  | $ | 3,592 |  |  |  |  |
Title services | 2,175 |  |  | 2,476 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 4,736 |  |  | 6,068 |  |  |  |  |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | (1,539) |  |  | (1,546) |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 3,197 |  |  | 4,522 |  |  |  |  |
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint venture | 4,329 |  |  | 7,055 |  |  |  |  |
Pretax income | $ | 7,526 |  |  | $ | 11,577 |  |  |  |  |

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 1,220 |
Receivables | 3,605 |  |  | 5,407 |
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture | 18,326 |  |  | 21,997 |
Other assets (a) | 38,584 |  |  | 38,299 |
Total assets | $ | 62,140 |  |  | $ | 66,923 |

9

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 2,286 |  |  | $ | 2,719 |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,286 |  |  | $ | 2,719 |

(a)Other assets at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 included $38.5 million and $38.2 million, respectively, of contract assets for estimated future renewal commissions.
4. Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 109,557 |  |  | $ | 138,665 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Distributed earnings allocated to participating securities | (113) |  |  | (117) |  |  |  |  |
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities | (567) |  |  | (937) |  |  |  |  |
Numerator for basic earnings per share | 108,877 |  |  | 137,611 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Add: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities | 567 |  |  | 937 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to participating securities | (555) |  |  | (909) |  |  |  |  |
Numerator for diluted earnings per share | $ | 108,889 |  |  | $ | 137,639 |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic | 71,537 |  |  | 75,894 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based payments | 1,475 |  |  | 2,370 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted | 73,012 |  |  | 78,264 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.52 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.76 |  |  |  |  |

We compute earnings per share using the two-class method, which is an allocation of earnings between the holders of common stock and a company’s participating security holders. Our outstanding nonvested shares of restricted stock contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and, therefore, are considered participating securities for purposes of computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. We had no other participating securities at February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024.
For the three-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, no outstanding stock options were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculations. Contingently issuable shares associated with outstanding performance-based restricted stock units (each, a “PSU”) were not included in the basic earnings per share calculations for the periods presented, as the applicable vesting conditions had not been satisfied.
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5. Receivables
Receivables consisted of the following (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Due from utility companies, improvement districts and municipalities | $ | 168,363 |  |  | $ | 173,733 |
Recoveries related to self-insurance and other legal claims | 144,646 |  |  | 136,949 |
Refundable deposits and bonds | 10,017 |  |  | 10,667 |
Income taxes receivable | — |  |  | 10,543 |
Other | 29,055 |  |  | 49,887 |
Subtotal | 352,081 |  |  | 381,779 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (4,307) |  |  | (4,246) |
Total | $ | 347,774 |  |  | $ | 377,533 |

6. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Homes completed or under construction | $ | 1,957,426 |  |  | $ | 1,990,113 |
Land under development | 3,985,121 |  |  | 3,537,907 |
Total | $ | 5,942,547 |  |  | $ | 5,528,020 |

Land under development at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 included land held for future development of $21.7 million and $21.2 million, respectively.
Interest is capitalized to inventories while the related communities or land parcels are being actively developed and until homes are completed or the land is available for immediate sale. Capitalized interest is amortized to construction and land costs as the related inventories are delivered to homebuyers or land buyers (as applicable). In the case of land held for future development and land held for sale, applicable interest is expensed as incurred.
Our interest costs were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Capitalized interest at beginning of period | $ | 122,387 |  |  | $ | 134,375 |  |  |  |  |
Interest incurred | 26,392 |  |  | 26,505 |  |  |  |  |
Interest amortized to construction and land costs (a) | (23,423) |  |  | (26,503) |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized interest at end of period | $ | 125,356 |  |  | $ | 134,377 |  |  |  |  |

(a)Interest amortized to construction and land costs for the three months ended February 29, 2024 included a nominal amount related to land sales during the period.
7. Inventory Impairments and Land Option Contract Abandonments
Each community or land parcel in our owned inventory is assessed on a quarterly basis to determine if indicators of potential impairment exist. We record an inventory impairment charge on a community or land parcel that is active or held for future development when indicators of potential impairment exist and the carrying value of the real estate asset is greater than the undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. These real estate assets are written down to fair value, which is primarily determined based on the estimated future net cash flows discounted for inherent risk associated with each such asset, or other valuation techniques. We record an inventory impairment charge on land held for
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sale when the carrying value of a land parcel is greater than its fair value. These real estate assets are written down to fair value, less associated costs to sell. The estimated fair values of such assets are generally based on bona fide letters of intent from outside parties, executed sales contracts, broker quotes or similar information.
We evaluated 11 active communities or land parcels for recoverability as of February 28, 2025 with a carrying value of $201.9 million. As of November 30, 2024, we evaluated eight active communities or land parcels for recoverability with a carrying value of $139.5 million. In addition, we evaluated land held for future development for recoverability as of both February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024. Based on the results of our evaluations, we recognized no inventory impairment charges for the three-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024.
As of February 28, 2025, the aggregate carrying value of our inventory that had been impacted by previous inventory impairment charges was $19.9 million, representing four communities and various other land parcels. As of November 30, 2024, the aggregate carrying value of our inventory that had been impacted by previous inventory impairment charges was $32.1 million, representing four communities and various other land parcels.
Our inventory controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts is assessed on a quarterly basis to determine whether it continues to meet our investment return standards. When a decision is made not to exercise certain land option contracts and other similar contracts due to market conditions and/or changes in our marketing strategy, we write off the related inventory costs, including non-refundable deposits and unrecoverable pre-acquisition costs. Based on the results of our assessments, we recognized land option contract abandonment charges of $1.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and $1.3 million for the three months ended February 29, 2024.
Due to the judgment and assumptions applied in our inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment assessment processes, and in our estimations of the remaining operating lives of our inventory assets and the realization of our inventory balances, particularly as to land held for future development, it is possible that actual results could differ substantially from those estimated.
8. Variable Interest Entities
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. We participate in joint ventures from time to time that conduct land acquisition, land development and/or other homebuilding activities in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located. Our investments in these joint ventures may create a variable interest in a variable interest entity (“VIE”), depending on the contractual terms of the arrangement. We analyze our joint ventures under the variable interest model to determine whether they are VIEs and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. Based on our analyses, we determined that one of our joint ventures at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 was a VIE, but we were not the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Therefore, all of our joint ventures at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 were unconsolidated and accounted for under the equity method because we did not have a controlling financial interest.
Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts. In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into land option contracts and other similar contracts with third parties and unconsolidated entities to acquire rights to land for the construction of homes. Under these contracts, we typically make a specified option payment or earnest money deposit in consideration for the right to purchase land in the future, usually at a predetermined price. We analyze each of our land option contracts and other similar contracts under the variable interest model to determine whether the land seller is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. Although we do not have legal title to the underlying land, we are required to consolidate a VIE if we are the primary beneficiary. As a result of our analyses, we determined that as of February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, we were not the primary beneficiary of any VIEs from which we have acquired rights to land under land option contracts and other similar contracts.
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The following table presents a summary of our interests in land option contracts and other similar contracts (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
| Cash Deposits |  | Aggregate Purchase Price |  | Cash Deposits |  | Aggregate Purchase Price
Unconsolidated VIEs | $ | 56,406 |  |  | $ | 1,526,248 |  |  | $ | 50,469 |  |  | $ | 1,705,542 |
Other land option contracts and other similar contracts | 32,830 |  |  | 1,000,811 |  |  | 31,470 |  |  | 885,588 |
Total | $ | 89,236 |  |  | $ | 2,527,059 |  |  | $ | 81,939 |  |  | $ | 2,591,130 |

In addition to the cash deposits presented in the table above, our exposure to loss related to our land option contracts and other similar contracts with third parties and unconsolidated entities consisted of pre-acquisition costs of $35.7 million at February 28, 2025 and $34.3 million at November 30, 2024. These pre-acquisition costs and cash deposits were included in inventories in our consolidated balance sheets.
For land option contracts and other similar contracts where the land seller entity is not required to be consolidated under the variable interest model, we consider whether such contracts should be accounted for as financing arrangements. Land option contracts and other similar contracts that may be considered financing arrangements include those we enter into with third-party land financiers or developers in conjunction with such third parties acquiring a specific land parcel(s) on our behalf, at our direction, and those with other landowners where we or our designee make improvements to the optioned land parcel(s) during the applicable option period. For these land option contracts and other similar contracts, we record the remaining purchase price of the associated land parcel(s) in inventories in our consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding financing obligation if we determine that we are effectively compelled to exercise the option to purchase the land parcel(s). As a result of our evaluations of land option contracts and other similar contracts for financing arrangements, we recorded inventories in our consolidated balance sheets, with a corresponding increase to accrued expenses and other liabilities, of $23.5 million at February 28, 2025 and $26.0 million at November 30, 2024.
9. Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Homebuilding. We have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures that conduct land acquisition, land development and/or other homebuilding activities in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located. We and our unconsolidated joint venture partners make initial and/or ongoing capital contributions to these unconsolidated joint ventures, typically on a pro rata basis, according to our respective equity interests. The obligations to make capital contributions are governed by each such unconsolidated joint venture’s respective operating agreement and related governing documents.
We had investments in six homebuilding unconsolidated joint ventures as of February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024. The following table presents combined condensed information from the statements of operations for our homebuilding unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 25,369 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs | (19,002) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net | (1,552) |  |  | (854) |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) | $ | 4,815 |  |  | $ | (854) |  |  |  |  |

The combined revenues and construction and land costs for the three months ended February 28, 2025 related to homes delivered by an unconsolidated joint venture in California. In the three months ended February 29, 2024, our unconsolidated joint ventures did not deliver any homes.
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The following table presents combined condensed balance sheet information for our homebuilding unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Cash | $ | 14,293 |  |  | $ | 18,869 |
Receivables | 2,728 |  |  | 2,918 |
Inventories | 150,508 |  |  | 158,322 |
Other assets | 1,077 |  |  | 1,052 |
Total assets | $ | 168,606 |  |  | $ | 181,161 |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | $ | 5,465 |  |  | $ | 8,091 |
Notes payable (a) | 47,408 |  |  | 47,300 |
Equity | 115,733 |  |  | 125,770 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 168,606 |  |  | $ | 181,161 |

(a) As of both February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, the unconsolidated joint venture in California that delivered homes in the three months ended February 28, 2025 had borrowings outstanding under a term loan with a third-party lender to finance its land acquisition, development and construction activities. In January 2025, the loan agreement was amended, increasing the aggregate commitment to $60.0 million from $55.0 million, and providing an eight-month loan extension option to replace the two previous six-month extension options. Pursuant to the amendment, the aggregate commitment will be reduced to $55.2 million on August 31, 2025, and then to $40.0 million on February 28, 2026. This term loan is scheduled to mature on April 19, 2026, unless extended or terminated pursuant to its applicable terms. If the term loan is extended, the aggregate commitment would be reduced to $28.0 million effective April 19, 2026. Borrowings under the term loan are secured by the underlying property and related project assets. None of our other unconsolidated joint ventures had outstanding debt at February 28, 2025 or November 30, 2024.
We provide certain guarantees and indemnities to the lender in connection with the above-described term loan, including a guaranty of interest and carry costs; a guaranty to complete the construction of phases of the improvements for the project as such phases are commenced; a guaranty against losses suffered due to certain bad acts or failures to act by the unconsolidated joint venture or its partners; and an indemnity from environmental issues. Except to the extent related to the foregoing guarantees and indemnities, we do not have a guaranty or any other obligation to repay borrowings under term loan or to support the value of the underlying collateral. However, various financial and non-financial covenants apply under the term loan and with respect to the related guaranty and indemnity obligations, and a failure to comply with such covenants could result in a default and cause the lender to seek to enforce such guaranty and indemnity obligations. As of the date of this report, we were in compliance with the relevant covenants. We do not believe that our existing exposure under our guaranty and indemnity obligations related to outstanding borrowings under the term loan is material to our consolidated financial statements.
Financial Services. The following table presents combined condensed information from the statements of operations for our financial services unconsolidated joint venture (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 25,615 |  |  | $ | 30,412 |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | (16,957) |  |  | (16,301) |  |  |  |  |
Income | $ | 8,658 |  |  | $ | 14,111 |  |  |  |  |

Revenues are primarily generated from fees earned on mortgage loan originations, interest earned for the period loans are held by KBHS, and gains on the sales of mortgage loans held for sale. Gains on the sales of mortgage loans held for sale include the realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of such loans and any related derivative financial instruments.
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The following table presents combined condensed balance sheet information for our financial services unconsolidated joint venture (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents (a) | $ | 24,845 |  |  | $ | 31,702 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | 165,838 |  |  | 122,828 |
Other assets | 18,617 |  |  | 22,815 |
Total assets | $ | 209,300 |  |  | $ | 177,345 |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | $ | 13,161 |  |  | $ | 15,398 |
Funding facilities | 159,487 |  |  | 117,953 |
Equity | 36,652 |  |  | 43,994 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 209,300 |  |  | $ | 177,345 |

(a)Cash and cash equivalents includes restricted cash of $1.3 million at both February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024.
Mortgage loans held for sale. Originated mortgage loans expected to be sold into the secondary market in the foreseeable future are reported as mortgage loans held for sale and carried in KBHS’ balance sheets at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized within revenues in KBHS’ statements of operations.
Interest Rate Lock Commitments (“IRLCs”). KBHS enters into IRLCs in connection with originating certain mortgage loans held for sale, at specified interest rates and within a specified period of time, with customers who have applied for a mortgage loan and meet certain credit and underwriting criteria. KBHS accounts for IRLCs as free-standing derivatives and does not designate any for hedge accounting. As a result, IRLCs are recognized in KBHS’ balance sheets at fair value, and gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value are recognized within revenues in KBHS’ statements of operations. The fair value of IRLCs is based on market prices, which includes an estimate of the fair value of the associated mortgage servicing rights, adjusted for estimated costs to originate the underlying mortgage loans as well as the probability that the mortgage loans will fund within the terms of the IRLCs. The fair value of IRLCs included in other assets in KBHS’ balance sheets was $14.4 million at February 28, 2025 and $16.0 million at November 30, 2024. The changes in the fair value of IRLCs, which were reported in revenues for the applicable periods, were a loss of $1.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and a gain of $2.9 million for the three months ended February 29, 2024.
KBHS manages the interest rate and price risk associated with its outstanding IRLCs by entering into best efforts forward sale commitments under which mortgage loans locked with a borrower are simultaneously committed to a secondary market investor at a fixed price, subject to the underlying mortgage loans being funded. These best efforts forward sale commitments do not meet the definition of derivative financial instruments and are therefore not recorded in KBHS’ balance sheets. If the mortgage loans underlying the IRLCs do not fund, KBHS has no obligation to fulfill the secondary market investor commitments.
Funding facilities. KBHS maintains warehouse lines of credit and master repurchase agreements with various financial institutions to fund its originated mortgage loans, with its mortgage loans held for sale pledged as collateral under these agreements. The agreements contain covenants which include certain financial requirements, including maintenance of minimum tangible net worth, minimum liquid assets, maximum debt to net worth ratio and positive net income, as defined in the agreements. KBHS was in compliance with these covenants as of February 28, 2025. In addition to its compliance with these covenants, KBHS also depends on the ability and willingness of the applicable lenders and financial institutions to extend such credit facilities to KBHS to fund its originated mortgage loans. KBHS intends to renew these facilities when they expire at various dates in 2025. The warehouse lines of credit and master repurchase agreements are not guaranteed by us or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee our senior notes, unsecured revolving credit facility with various banks (“Credit Facility”) and senior unsecured term loan agreement (“Term Loan”), (collectively, “Guarantor Subsidiaries”).
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10.Other Assets
Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance contracts | $ | 51,500 |  |  | $ | 51,912 |
Lease right-of-use assets | 19,968 |  |  | 18,704 |
Prepaid expenses | 12,786 |  |  | 17,799 |
Other (a) | 18,258 |  |  | 17,505 |
Total | $ | 102,512 |  |  | $ | 105,920 |

(a) Other includes investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values of $15.2 million at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024.
11.Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Self-insurance and other legal liabilities | $ | 321,766 |  |  | $ | 315,851 |
Employee compensation and related benefits | 107,832 |  |  | 182,460 |
Warranty liability | 96,067 |  |  | 96,026 |
Customer deposits | 44,365 |  |  | 44,029 |
Inventory-related obligations (a) | 41,227 |  |  | 44,408 |
Lease liabilities | 22,386 |  |  | 20,859 |
Federal and state taxes payable | 19,346 |  |  | — |
Accrued interest payable | 17,037 |  |  | 28,806 |
Real estate and business taxes | 13,894 |  |  | 17,056 |
Other | 44,030 |  |  | 46,766 |
Total | $ | 727,950 |  |  | $ | 796,261 |

(a)Represents liabilities for financing arrangements discussed in Note 8 – Variable Interest Entities, as well as liabilities for fixed or determinable amounts associated with tax increment financing entity (“TIFE”) assessments. As homes are delivered, our obligation to pay the remaining TIFE assessments associated with each underlying lot is transferred to the homebuyer. As such, these assessment obligations will be paid by us only to the extent we do not deliver homes on applicable lots before the related TIFE obligations mature.
12.Leases
We lease certain property and equipment for use in our operations. We recognize lease expense for these leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term and combine lease and non-lease components for all leases. Lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded in our consolidated balance sheets for leases with an expected term at the commencement date of more than 12 months. Lease expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and includes costs for leases with terms of more than 12 months as well as short-term leases with terms of 12 months or less. Our total lease expense for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 was $4.8 million and $5.1 million, respectively, and included short-term lease costs of $1.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Variable lease costs and external sublease income for the three-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 were immaterial.
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The following table presents our lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Lease right-of-use assets | $ | 19,991 |  |  | $ | 18,734 |
Lease liabilities | 22,409 |  |  | 20,887 |

Lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are predominately within our homebuilding operations, with nominal amounts in our financial services operations.
13.Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | $ | 29,800 |  |  | $ | 36,000 |  |  |  |  |
Effective tax rate | 21.4 | % |  | 20.6 | % |  |  |  |

Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28, 2025 included the favorable impact of $5.4 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and $1.7 million of Internal Revenue Code Section 45L (“Section 45L”) tax credits we recognized primarily from building energy-efficient homes, partly offset by $2.4 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended February 29, 2024 reflected the favorable impact of $6.1 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and $4.1 million of Section 45L tax credits, partly offset by $2.5 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. The year-over-year decrease in Section 45L tax credits reflects the impact of guidance the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued in 2023 that heightened the Section 45L energy-efficiency qualification standard for homes built in California relative to other states and our decision to build homes in many of our markets beginning in 2025 that are highly energy efficient and qualify for ENERGY STAR® certification but do not qualify for Section 45L tax credits. We believe the additional costs necessary to satisfy the higher standards for some of our homes outweigh the possible benefits of meeting those higher standards for both our business and our buyers.
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance. We evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if adjustments to our valuation allowance are required based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with respect to whether deferred tax assets will be realized. Our evaluation considers, among other factors, our historical operating results, our expectation of future profitability, the duration of the applicable statutory carryforward periods, and conditions in the housing market and the broader economy. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income during the periods in which the related deferred tax assets become deductible. The value of our deferred tax assets depends on applicable income tax rates.
As of both February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, we had deferred tax assets of $119.2 million that were partly offset by valuation allowances of $16.8 million. The deferred tax asset valuation allowances at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 were primarily related to certain state net operating losses that had not met the “more likely than not” realization standard at those dates. Based on the evaluation of our deferred tax assets as of February 28, 2025, we determined that most of our deferred tax assets would be realized. Therefore, no adjustments to our deferred tax asset valuation allowance were needed for the three months ended February 28, 2025.
We will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence on a quarterly basis in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to our deferred tax assets. The accounting for deferred tax assets is based upon estimates of future results. Changes in positive and negative evidence, including differences between estimated and actual results, could result in changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets that could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Changes in existing federal and state tax laws and corporate income tax rates could also affect actual tax results and the realization of deferred tax assets over time.
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14.Notes Payable
Notes payable consisted of the following (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Unsecured revolving credit facility | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured term loan due August 25, 2026 | 358,994 |  |  | 358,826 |
6.875% Senior notes due June 15, 2027 | 298,691 |  |  | 298,560 |
4.80% Senior notes due November 15, 2029 | 298,024 |  |  | 297,932 |
7.25% Senior notes due July 15, 2030 | 346,699 |  |  | 346,574 |
4.00% Senior notes due June 15, 2031 | 386,750 |  |  | 386,638 |
Mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans | 3,149 |  |  | 3,149 |
Total | $ | 1,792,307 |  |  | $ | 1,691,679 |

The carrying amounts of our senior notes listed above are net of unamortized debt issuance costs, which totaled $10.8 million at February 28, 2025 and $11.5 million at November 30, 2024.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. We have a $1.09 billion Credit Facility that will mature on February 18, 2027. The Credit Facility contains an uncommitted accordion feature under which its aggregate principal amount of available loans can be increased to a maximum of $1.29 billion under certain conditions, including obtaining additional bank commitments. The Credit Facility also contains a sublimit of $250.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit. Interest on amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility accrues at an adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or a base rate, plus a spread that depends on our consolidated leverage ratio (“Leverage Ratio”), as defined under the Credit Facility. Interest is payable quarterly (base rate) or each month or three months (adjusted term SOFR). The Credit Facility also requires the payment of a commitment fee at a per annum rate ranging from .15% to .35% of the unused commitment, based on our Leverage Ratio. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain compliance with various covenants, including financial covenants relating to our consolidated tangible net worth, Leverage Ratio, and either a consolidated interest coverage ratio (“Interest Coverage Ratio”) or minimum level of liquidity, each as defined therein. Our obligations to pay borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by our Guarantor Subsidiaries. The amount of the Credit Facility available for cash borrowings and the issuance of letters of credit depends on the total cash borrowings and letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility and the maximum available amount under the terms of the Credit Facility. As of February 28, 2025, we had $100.0 million of cash borrowings and $8.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. Therefore, as of February 28, 2025, we had $981.7 million available for cash borrowings under the Credit Facility, with up to $241.7 million of that amount available for the issuance of letters of credit. As of February 28, 2025, the weighted average annual interest rate on our outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility was 5.7%.
Senior Unsecured Term Loan. We have a $360.0 million Term Loan with the lenders party thereto. The Term Loan will mature on August 25, 2026, or earlier if we secure borrowings under the Credit Facility without similarly securing the Term Loan (subject to certain exceptions). Interest under the Term Loan accrues at an adjusted term SOFR or a base rate, plus a spread that depends on our Leverage Ratio. Interest is payable quarterly (base rate) or each month or three months (adjusted term SOFR). The Term Loan contains various covenants that are substantially the same as those under the Credit Facility. The proceeds drawn under the Term Loan are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by our Guarantor Subsidiaries. As of February 28, 2025, the weighted average annual interest rate on our outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan was 5.8%.
Letter of Credit Facility. We maintain an unsecured letter of credit agreement with a financial institution (“LOC Facility”) to obtain letters of credit from time to time in the ordinary course of operating our business. Under the LOC Facility, which expires on February 13, 2028, we may issue up to $100.0 million of letters of credit. As of February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, we had letters of credit outstanding under the LOC Facility of $72.6 million and $73.3 million, respectively.
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Senior Notes. All the senior notes outstanding at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024 represent senior unsecured obligations that are guaranteed by our Guarantor Subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our and our Guarantor Subsidiaries’ existing unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. All of our senior notes were issued in underwritten public offerings. Interest on each of these senior notes is payable semi-annually.
The indenture governing our senior notes does not contain any financial covenants. Subject to specified exceptions, the indenture contains certain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur secured indebtedness, or engage in sale and leaseback transactions involving property above a certain specified value. In addition, the indenture contains certain limitations related to mergers, consolidations, and sales of assets.
As of February 28, 2025, we were in compliance with the applicable terms of all of our covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility, the Term Loan, the senior notes, the indenture, the LOC Facility, and the mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans. Our ability to access the Credit Facility for cash borrowings and letters of credit and our ability to secure future debt financing depend, in part, on our ability to remain in such compliance. Our ability to access the Credit Facility’s full borrowing capacity, as well as the LOC Facility’s full issuance capacity, also depends on the ability and willingness of the applicable lenders and financial institutions, including any substitute or additional lenders and financial institutions, to meet their commitments to fund loans, extend credit or provide payment guarantees to or for us under those instruments.
Mortgages and Land Contracts Due to Land Sellers and Other Loans. As of February 28, 2025, inventories having a carrying value of $16.5 million were pledged to collateralize mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans.
As of February 28, 2025, principal payments on our senior notes, mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans are due during each year ending November 30 as follows: 2025 – $.3 million; 2026 – $360.8 million; 2027 – $300.8 million; 2028 – $.8 million; 2029 – $300.5 million and thereafter – $740.0 million.
15.Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value measurements of assets and liabilities are categorized based on the following hierarchy:

Level 1 |  | Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 |  | Fair value determined using significant observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, by correlation or other means.
Level 3 |  | Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs, such as pricing models, discounted cash flows, or similar techniques.

Fair value measurements are used for inventories on a nonrecurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that their carrying value is not recoverable. Our inventories are generally Level 3 assets. We had no inventories with carrying values that were adjusted to fair value during the three months ended February 28, 2025 or the year ended November 30, 2024. See Note 7 – Inventory Impairments and Land Option Contract Abandonments for information regarding the valuation of these assets.

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy, carrying values and estimated fair values of our financial instruments, except those for which the carrying values approximate fair values (in thousands):

|  |  |  | February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Description |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Carrying Value (a) |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value (a) |  | Estimated Fair Value
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes |  | Level 2 |  | $ | 1,330,164 |  |  | $ | 1,309,500 |  |  | $ | 1,329,704 |  |  | $ | 1,309,700 |

(a)The carrying value for the senior notes, as presented, includes unamortized debt issuance costs. Debt issuance costs are not factored into the estimated fair values of these notes.
The fair values of our senior notes are generally estimated based on quoted market prices for these instruments. The carrying values reported for cash and cash equivalents, outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility, if any, the Term
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Loan, and mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans approximate fair values. The carrying value of corporate-owned life insurance is based on the cash surrender value of the policies and, accordingly, approximates fair value.
16.Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and contingencies include typical obligations of homebuilders for the completion of contracts and those incurred in the ordinary course of business.
Warranty. We provide a limited warranty on all of our homes. The specific terms and conditions of our limited warranty program vary depending upon the markets in which we do business. We generally provide a structural warranty of 10 years, a warranty on electrical, heating, cooling, plumbing and certain other building systems each varying from two to five years based on geographic market and state law, and a warranty of one year for other components of the home. Our limited warranty program is ordinarily how we respond to and account for homeowners’ requests to local division offices seeking repairs of certain conditions or defects, including claims where we could have liability under applicable state statutes or tort law for a defective condition in or damages to a home. Our warranty liability covers our costs of repairs associated with homeowner claims made under our limited warranty program. These claims are generally made directly by a homeowner and involve their individual home.
We estimate the costs that may be incurred under each limited warranty and record a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the revenue associated with the sale of each home is recognized. Our primary assumption in estimating the amounts we accrue for warranty costs is that historical claims experience is a strong indicator of future claims experience. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of homes delivered, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim. We periodically assess the adequacy of our accrued warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, and adjust the amount as necessary based on our assessment. Our assessment includes the review of our actual warranty costs incurred to identify trends and changes in our warranty claims experience, and considers our home construction quality and customer service initiatives and outside events. While we believe the warranty liability currently reflected in our consolidated balance sheets to be adequate, unanticipated changes or developments in the legal environment, local weather, land or environmental conditions, quality of materials or methods used in the construction of homes or customer service practices and/or our warranty claims experience could have a significant impact on our actual warranty costs in future periods and such amounts could differ significantly from our current estimates.
The changes in our warranty liability were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 96,026 |  |  | $ | 98,000 |  |  |  |  |
Warranties issued | 8,972 |  |  | 8,163 |  |  |  |  |
Payments | (8,931) |  |  | (10,243) |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 96,067 |  |  | $ | 95,920 |  |  |  |  |

Guarantees. In the normal course of our business, we issue certain representations, warranties and guarantees related to our home sales and land sales. Based on historical experience, we do not believe any potential liability with respect to these representations, warranties or guarantees would be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Self-Insurance. We maintain, and require the majority of our independent contractors to maintain, general liability insurance (including construction defect and bodily injury coverage) and workers’ compensation insurance. These insurance policies protect us against a portion of our risk of loss from claims related to our homebuilding activities, subject to certain self-insured retentions, deductibles and other coverage limits. We also maintain certain other insurance policies. Costs associated with our self-insurance programs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. In Arizona, California, Colorado and Nevada, our contractors’ general liability insurance primarily takes the form of a wrap-up policy under a program where eligible independent contractors are enrolled as insureds on each community. Enrolled contractors generally contribute toward the cost of the insurance and agree to pay a contractual amount in the future if there is a claim related to their work. To the extent provided under the wrap-up program, we absorb the enrolled contractors’ general liability associated with the work performed on our homes within the applicable community as part of our overall general liability insurance and our self-insurance.
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We self-insure a portion of our overall risk through the use of a captive insurance subsidiary, which provides coverage for our exposure to construction defect, bodily injury and property damage claims and related litigation or regulatory actions, up to certain limits. Our self-insurance liability generally covers the costs of settlements and/or repairs, if any, as well as our costs to defend and resolve the following types of claims:
•Construction defect: Construction defect claims, which represent the largest component of our self-insurance liability, typically originate through a legal or regulatory process rather than directly by a homeowner and involve the alleged occurrence of a condition affecting two or more homes within the same community, or they involve a common area or homeowners’ association property within a community. These claims typically involve higher costs to resolve than individual homeowner warranty claims, and the rate of claims is highly variable.
•Bodily injury: Bodily injury claims typically involve individuals (other than our employees) who claim they were injured while on our property or as a result of our operations.
•Property damage: Property damage claims generally involve claims by third parties for alleged damage to real or personal property as a result of our operations. Such claims may occasionally include those made against us by owners of property located near our communities.
Our self-insurance liability at each reporting date represents the estimated costs of reported claims, claims incurred but not yet reported, and claim adjustment expenses. The amount of our self-insurance liability is based on an analysis performed by a third-party actuary that uses our historical claim and expense data, as well as industry data to estimate these overall costs. Key assumptions used in developing these estimates include claim frequencies, severities and resolution patterns, which can occur over an extended period of time. These estimates are subject to variability due to the length of time between the delivery of a home to a homebuyer and when a construction defect claim is made, and the ultimate resolution of such claim; uncertainties regarding such claims relative to our markets and the types of products we build; and legal or regulatory actions and/or interpretations, among other factors. Due to the degree of judgment involved and the potential for variability in these underlying assumptions, our actual future costs could differ from those estimated. In addition, changes in the frequency and severity of reported claims and the estimates to resolve claims can impact the trends and assumptions used in the actuarial analysis, which could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Though state regulations vary, construction defect claims are reported and resolved over a long period of time, which can extend for 10 years or more. As a result, the majority of the estimated self-insurance liability based on the actuarial analysis relates to claims incurred but not yet reported. Therefore, adjustments related to individual existing claims generally do not significantly impact the overall estimated liability. Adjustments to our liabilities related to homes delivered in prior years are recorded in the period in which a change in our estimate occurs.
Our self-insurance liability is presented on a gross basis for all periods without consideration of insurance recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any. Estimated probable insurance and other recoveries of $22.9 million and $22.6 million are included in receivables in our consolidated balance sheets at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively. These self-insurance recoveries are principally based on actuarially determined amounts and depend on various factors, including, among other things, the above-described claim cost estimates, our insurance policy coverage limits for the applicable policy year(s), historical third-party recovery rates, insurance industry practices, the regulatory environment and legal precedent, and are subject to a high degree of variability from period to period. Because of the inherent uncertainty and variability in these assumptions, our actual insurance recoveries could differ significantly from amounts currently estimated.
The changes in our self-insurance liability were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 185,428 |  |  | $ | 179,832 |  |  |  |  |
Self-insurance provided | 4,213 |  |  | 4,627 |  |  |  |  |
Payments | (9,732) |  |  | (6,210) |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments (a) | 344 |  |  | (918) |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 180,253 |  |  | $ | 177,331 |  |  |  |  |

(a)Represents net changes in estimated probable recoveries related to self-insurance, which are recorded in receivables, to present our self-insurance liability on a gross basis.
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For most of our claims, there is no interaction between our warranty liability and self-insurance liability. Typically, if a matter is identified at its outset as either a warranty or self-insurance claim, it remains as such through its resolution. However, there can be instances of interaction between the liabilities, such as where individual homeowners in a community separately request warranty repairs to their homes to address a similar condition or issue and subsequently join together to initiate, or potentially initiate, a legal process with respect to that condition or issue and/or the repair work we have undertaken. In these instances, the claims and related repair work generally are initially covered by our warranty liability, and the costs associated with resolving the legal matter (including any additional repair work) are covered by our self-insurance liability.
The payments we make in connection with claims and related repair work may be recovered from our insurers to the extent such payments exceed the self-insured retentions or deductibles under our general liability insurance policies. Also, in certain instances, in the course of resolving a claim, we pay amounts in advance of and/or on behalf of an independent contractor(s) or their insurer(s) and believe we will be reimbursed for such payments. Estimates of all such amounts, if any, are recorded as receivables in our consolidated balance sheets when any such recovery is considered probable.
In addition to the risk that is effectively self-insured through our captive insurance subsidiary, we often obtain project-specific insurance coverage for construction defect risk on attached projects (e.g., condominiums or townhomes) with policy deductibles generally ranging from $50,000 to $250,000. We record estimated liabilities and recoveries for projected losses related to these projects on a gross basis, including for known claims as well as estimates for claims incurred but not yet reported, to the extent such amounts are considered probable and estimable.
Florida Chapter 558 Actions. We and certain of our trade partners continue to receive claims from attorneys on behalf of individual owners of our homes and/or homeowners’ associations that allege, pursuant to Chapter 558 of the Florida Statutes, various construction defects, with most relating to stucco and water-intrusion issues. The claims primarily involve homes in our Jacksonville, Orlando, and Tampa operations. Under Chapter 558, homeowners must serve written notice of a construction defect(s) and provide the served construction and/or design contractor(s) with an opportunity to respond to the noticed issue(s) before they can file a lawsuit. Although we have resolved many of these claims without litigation, and a number of others have been resolved with applicable trade partners or their insurers covering the related costs, as of February 28, 2025, we had approximately 389 outstanding noticed claims, and some are scheduled for trial over the next few quarters and beyond. In addition, some of our trade partners’ insurers in some of these cases have informed us of their inability to continue to pay claims-related costs. At February 28, 2025, we had an accrual for our estimated probable loss for these matters and a receivable for estimated probable insurance recoveries, including an estimate for claims incurred but not reported. While it is reasonably possible that our losses could exceed the amounts accrued and our recoveries could be less than the amounts recorded, at this time, we are unable to estimate the total amount of the loss in excess of the accrued amount and/or associated with a shortfall in the recoveries that is reasonably possible as each of these is dependent on several factors, including the extent of additional claims to be reported in future periods; the nature of any specific claims; our evaluation of the particular facts surrounding each such claim; and actions of third parties over which we have no control.
Performance Bonds and Letters of Credit. We are often required to provide to various municipalities and other government agencies performance bonds and/or letters of credit to secure the completion of our projects and/or in support of obligations to build community improvements such as roads, sewers, water systems and other utilities, and to support similar development activities by certain of our unconsolidated joint ventures. At February 28, 2025, we had $1.31 billion of performance bonds and $80.9 million of letters of credit outstanding. At November 30, 2024, we had $1.33 billion of performance bonds and $81.6 million of letters of credit outstanding. If any such performance bonds or letters of credit are called, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the performance bond or letter of credit. We do not believe that a material amount of any currently outstanding performance bonds or letters of credit will be called. Performance bonds do not have stated expiration dates. Rather, we are released from the performance bonds as the underlying performance is completed. The expiration dates of some letters of credit issued in connection with community improvements coincide with the expected completion dates of the related projects or obligations. Most letters of credit, however, are issued with an initial term of one year and are typically extended on a year-to-year basis until the related performance obligations are completed.
Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts. In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into land option contracts and other similar contracts to acquire rights to land for the construction of homes. At February 28, 2025, we had total cash deposits of $89.2 million to purchase land having an aggregate purchase price of $2.53 billion. Our land option contracts and other similar contracts generally do not contain provisions requiring our specific performance.
Civil Subpoena. On October 2, 2023, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, dated September 27, 2023, to produce certain documents and testimony with respect to the inspection, rating, marketing and
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advertising of our ENERGY STAR certified homes, including our contracts and/or communications with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and third-party ENERGY STAR rating companies, real estate brokers, real estate appraisers, financial institutions and other parties, as well as inspection-related guidelines, instructions, methods, policies, processes and procedures. We are cooperating with the government, producing documents and information. As of the date of this report, we are unable to predict what actions the government will take, if any; the timing or nature of the ultimate outcome in this matter; or the impact, if any, such outcome may have on our business or consolidated financial statements. As a result, while a loss or penalty, if any, is reasonably possible in this matter, it is not considered to be probable or estimable.
17.Legal Matters
We are involved in litigation and regulatory proceedings incidental to our business that are in various procedural stages. We believe the accruals we have recorded for probable and reasonably estimable losses with respect to these proceedings are adequate and that, as of February 28, 2025, it was not reasonably possible that an additional material loss had been incurred in an amount in excess of the estimated amounts already recognized or disclosed in our consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our accruals for litigation and regulatory proceedings at least quarterly and, as appropriate, adjust them to reflect (a) the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings and other relevant events and developments; (b) the advice and analyses of counsel; and (c) the assumptions and judgment of management. Similar factors and considerations are used in establishing new accruals for proceedings as to which losses have become probable and reasonably estimable at the time an evaluation is made. Our accruals for litigation and regulatory proceedings are presented on a gross basis without consideration of recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any. Estimates of recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any, are recorded as receivables when such recoveries are considered probable. Based on our experience, we believe the amounts that may be claimed or alleged against us in these proceedings are not a meaningful indicator of our potential liability. The outcome of any of these proceedings, including the defense and other litigation-related costs and expenses we may incur, however, is inherently uncertain and could differ significantly from the estimate reflected in a related accrual, if made. Therefore, it is possible that the ultimate outcome of any proceeding, if in excess of a related accrual or if an accrual had not been made, could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Pursuant to SEC rules, we will disclose any proceeding in which a governmental authority is a party and that arises under any federal, state or local provisions enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or primarily for the purpose of protecting the environment only where we believe that such proceeding will result in monetary sanctions on us, exclusive of interest and costs, above $1.0 million or is otherwise material to our consolidated financial statements.
18.Stockholders’ Equity
On February 21, 2025, the management development and compensation committee of our board of directors approved the payout of 530,015 shares of our common stock in connection with the vesting of PSUs that were granted to certain employees on October 7, 2021. The shares paid out under the PSUs reflected our achievement of certain performance measures that were based on cumulative earnings per share, average return on invested capital, and revenue growth relative to a peer group of high-production public homebuilding companies over the three-year period from December 1, 2021 through November 30, 2024. Of the shares of common stock paid out 243,729 shares, or $14.9 million, were purchased by us in the 2025 first quarter to satisfy the recipients’ withholding taxes on the vesting of the PSUs. The shares purchased were not considered repurchases under the authorizations described below.
On April 18, 2024, our board of directors authorized us to repurchase up to $1.00 billion of our outstanding common stock. As of November 30, 2024, there was $700.0 million of remaining availability under this share repurchase authorization. In the 2025 first quarter, we repurchased 753,939 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $50.0 million. Repurchases under the authorization may occur periodically through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the timing and amount at management’s discretion and dependent on market, business and other conditions. This share repurchase authorization will continue in effect until fully used or earlier terminated or suspended by our board of directors, and does not obligate us to purchase any shares. As of February 28, 2025, there was $650.0 million of remaining availability under this share repurchase authorization.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a non-deductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. In the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, we reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased and recorded a corresponding liability for the excise taxes payable in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. All dollar amounts presented in this report related to our share repurchases and our share
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repurchase authorization exclude such excise taxes, to the extent applicable, unless otherwise indicated.
In the 2025 first quarter, our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividend of $.25 per share. In the 2024 first quarter, our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of $.20 per share.
19.Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Options. At February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, we had 390,641 and 418,141 stock options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $16.16 and $16.17, respectively. We have not granted any stock option awards since 2016. During the three months ended February 28, 2025, a total of 27,500 stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $16.21 were exercised. As of February 28, 2025, stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable each had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.6 years. As all outstanding stock options have been fully vested since 2019, there was no stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024. Stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable each had an aggregate intrinsic value of $17.5 million at February 28, 2025. (The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of a share of the underlying common stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock option.)
Other Stock-Based Awards. From time to time, we grant restricted stock and PSUs to various employees as a compensation benefit. We recognized total compensation expense of $7.6 million and $7.9 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively, related to restricted stock and PSUs.
20.Supplemental Disclosure to Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
The following are supplemental disclosures to the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Summary of cash and cash equivalents at end of period: |  |  |
Homebuilding | $ | 267,833 |  |  | $ | 668,084 |
Financial services | 1,625 |  |  | 211 |
Total | $ | 269,458 |  |  | $ | 668,295 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 11,769 |  |  | $ | 12,184 |
Income taxes paid | 660 |  |  | 540 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities: |  |  |
Decrease in consolidated inventories not owned | (2,545) |  |  | (1,599) |
Increase in inventories due to distributions of land and land development from an unconsolidated joint venture | 2,164 |  |  | 2,147 |
Inventories acquired through seller financing | — |  |  | 3,149 |

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
Revenues are generated from our homebuilding and financial services operations. The following table presents a summary of our consolidated results of operations (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding | $ | 1,387,041 |  |  | $ | 1,461,698 |  |  | (5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial services | 4,736 |  |  | 6,068 |  |  | (22) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | $ | 1,391,777 |  |  | $ | 1,467,766 |  |  | (5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Pretax income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding | $ | 131,831 |  |  | $ | 163,088 |  |  | (19) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial services | 7,526 |  |  | 11,577 |  |  | (35) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total pretax income | 139,357 |  |  | 174,665 |  |  | (20) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | (29,800) |  |  | (36,000) |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 109,557 |  |  | $ | 138,665 |  |  | (21) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.76 |  |  | (15) | % |  |  |  |  |  |

In the 2025 first quarter, market conditions were shaped by ongoing elevated mortgage interest rates, housing affordability concerns and heightened macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties that have negatively affected consumer confidence and caused homebuyers to take longer to make their purchase decisions. Within this environment, our first-quarter performance fell short of our expectations, with a 9% year-over-year decrease in the number of homes delivered to 2,770, primarily due to fewer inventory homes sold and delivered, and utility services-related delays stemming from the unprecedented wildfires in Southern California as certain municipal resources were diverted to fire-related priorities.
Reflecting the market conditions, demand at the start of the Spring selling season was more muted relative to the past few years, and despite a healthy level of traffic in our communities, our 2,772 net orders for the 2025 first quarter were down 17% year over year, and our monthly net order pace per community was 3.6, compared to 4.6. Also contributing to the year-over-year decline in our net orders were delays in several of our planned community openings until late in the first quarter or, in some cases, into the second quarter. Even with the delayed openings, our average community count for the first quarter increased 7% year over year to 257, and our ending community count was 255, also up 7%.
We employed targeted sales strategies during the 2025 first quarter to improve affordability for our homebuyers and help drive order activity. These sales strategies, which we have used to varying degrees since the 2022 second half, included homebuyer concessions, particularly mortgage-related concessions such as interest rate buydowns. Additionally, in mid-February 2025, we selectively reduced selling prices on a community-by-community basis at roughly one-half of our communities to stimulate demand, and in many cases, we lowered or eliminated homebuyer concessions, helping to offset the margin impact of those price changes. Consumers responded favorably to these steps, which were focused around offering the most compelling value, and we saw improved weekly net orders and a normalizing absorption pace at the end of the quarter.
Homebuilding revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 were generated solely from housing operations. In the year-earlier period, homebuilding revenues were generated from housing operations and land sales. Our 2025 first-quarter housing revenues were down 5% year over year to $1.39 billion due to a 9% decrease in the number of homes delivered to 2,770, partly offset by a 4% increase in their average selling price to $500,700. Approximately 49% of our homes delivered in the 2025 first quarter were to first-time homebuyers. Our homes delivered as a percentage of backlog at the beginning of the quarter increased to 62% for the 2025 first quarter, from 55% for the year-earlier quarter, mainly due to our improved build times. Homebuilding operating income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 declined 19% from the year-earlier period to $127.3 million. As a percentage of revenues, homebuilding operating income was 9.2% for the 2025 first quarter compared to 10.8% for the corresponding 2024 period, primarily reflecting a lower housing gross profit margin. Our housing gross profit margin for the 2025 first quarter was 20.2%, compared to 21.5% for the year-earlier quarter, mainly due to higher
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relative land costs, increased homebuyer concessions and reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues. Net income and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended February 28, 2025 decreased 21% and 15%, respectively, year over year. Our diluted earnings per share for the 2025 first quarter reflected lower net income, partly offset by the favorable impact of our common stock repurchases over the past several quarters.
We continue to take a balanced approach in allocating our capital aligned with our priorities of investing in land and land development to support future growth and returning capital to our stockholders. For the three months ended February 28, 2025, we increased our investments in land and land development to $920.3 million, representing a 57% increase from the prior-year period, and repurchased 753,939 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $50.0 million. We ended the 2025 first quarter with total liquidity of $1.25 billion, including cash and cash equivalents and $981.7 million of available capacity under the Credit Facility. We had $100.0 million of cash borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility at February 28, 2025.
We have revised our projections for 2025 due to our first quarter results, the relatively soft start to the Spring selling season and the selling price adjustments we implemented in mid-February 2025. Although our ending backlog value at February 28, 2025 decreased 21% year over year to approximately $2.20 billion, we believe we are well positioned to achieve our updated projections for the 2025 second quarter and full year, as described below under “Outlook.”
HOMEBUILDING
Financial Results. The following table presents a summary of certain financial and operational data for our homebuilding operations (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Housing | $ | 1,387,041 |  |  | $ | 1,458,126 |  |  |  |  |
Land | — |  |  | 3,572 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 1,387,041 |  |  | 1,461,698 |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Housing | (1,107,414) |  |  | (1,144,427) |  |  |  |  |
Land | — |  |  | (2,101) |  |  |  |  |
Total | (1,107,414) |  |  | (1,146,528) |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (152,288) |  |  | (157,494) |  |  |  |  |
Total | (1,259,702) |  |  | (1,304,022) |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 127,339 |  |  | 157,676 |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 2,079 |  |  | 5,857 |  |  |  |  |
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures | 2,413 |  |  | (445) |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding pretax income | $ | 131,831 |  |  | $ | 163,088 |  |  |  |  |
Homes delivered | 2,770 |  |  | 3,037 |  |  |  |  |
Average selling price | $ | 500,700 |  |  | $ | 480,100 |  |  |  |  |
Housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues | 20.2 | % |  | 21.5 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues | 20.3 | % |  | 21.6 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues | 11.0 | % |  | 10.8 | % |  |  |  |
Operating income as a percentage of revenues | 9.2 | % |  | 10.8 | % |  |  |  |

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Revenues. Homebuilding revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 were generated solely from housing operations. For the three months ended February 29, 2024, homebuilding revenues were generated from housing operations and land sales. Housing revenues for the 2025 first quarter declined 5% from the year-earlier quarter due to a 9% decrease in the number of homes delivered, partly offset by a 4% increase in their overall average selling price. Our 2025 first-quarter housing revenues reflected year-over-year decreases of 3%, 13% and 24% in our Southwest, Central and Southeast homebuilding reporting segments, respectively, partially offset by an 8% increase in our West Coast segment. The number of homes delivered decreased as compared to the year-earlier quarter, primarily due to fewer inventory homes sold and delivered, and utility services-related delays stemming from the unprecedented wildfires in Southern California as certain municipal resources were diverted to fire-related priorities. The higher overall average selling price primarily resulted from the combined effect of product and geographic mix factors, particularly a greater proportion of homes delivered from our higher-priced West Coast homebuilding reporting segment, partly offset by a year-over-year increase in homebuyer concessions.
There were no land sales for the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to $3.6 million of land sale revenues for the three months ended February 29, 2024. Generally, land sale revenues fluctuate with our decisions to maintain or decrease our land ownership position in certain markets based upon the volume of our holdings, our business strategy, the strength and number of developers and other land buyers in particular markets at given points in time, the availability of opportunities to sell land at acceptable prices and prevailing market conditions.
Operating Income. Our homebuilding operating income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 decreased 19% year over year, reflecting lower housing gross profits, partly offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating income for the 2025 first quarter included inventory-related charges of $1.5 million, compared to $1.3 million in the year-earlier quarter. As a percentage of revenues, our operating income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was 9.2%, compared to 10.8% for the corresponding 2024 period, mainly due to a lower housing gross profit margin and higher selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues. Excluding inventory-related charges, our operating income as a percentage of revenues was 9.3% for the 2025 first quarter, compared to 10.9% for the year-earlier quarter.
•Housing Gross Profits – Housing gross profits of $279.6 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025 were down 11% year over year, reflecting a decrease in housing revenues and a 130 basis-point decrease in our housing gross profit margin to 20.2%. The decline in the housing gross profit margin was primarily due to higher relative land costs, increased homebuyer concessions and reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues. As a percentage of housing revenues, the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations, which is included in construction and land costs, was 1.7% and 1.8% for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively. Excluding the above-mentioned inventory-related charges, all of which were associated with housing operations, our adjusted housing gross profit margin of 20.3% for the 2025 first quarter decreased 130 basis points year over year. The calculation of adjusted housing gross profit margin, which we believe provides a clearer measure of the performance of our business, is described below under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
•Land Sale Profits – There was no land sale activity in the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to land sale profits of $1.5 million in the three months ended February 29, 2024.
•Selling, General and Administrative Expenses – The following table presents the components of our selling, general and administrative expenses (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | % of Housing Revenues |  | February 29, 2024 |  | % of Housing Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing expenses | $ | 39,663 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | $ | 36,360 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commission expenses (a) | 47,166 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 51,830 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses | 65,459 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 69,304 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 152,288 |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | $ | 157,494 |  |  | 10.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a)Commission expenses include sales commissions on homes delivered paid to internal sales counselors and external real estate brokers.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended February 28, 2025 decreased 3% from the year-earlier quarter. As a percentage of housing revenues, our selling, general and administrative expenses for the 2025 first quarter increased 20 basis points, primarily reflecting reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues.
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Interest Income/Expense. Interest income, which is generated from short-term investments, was $2.1 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to $5.9 million for the year-earlier quarter, reflecting a decrease in the average balance of cash equivalents and a lower interest rate. Generally, increases and decreases in interest income are attributable to changes in the interest-bearing average balances of short-term investments and fluctuations in interest rates.
We incur interest principally from our borrowings to finance land acquisitions, land development, home construction and other operating and capital needs. All interest incurred during the three-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 was capitalized as the average amount of our inventory qualifying for interest capitalization was higher than our average debt level for each period. Accordingly, we had no interest expense for these periods. Further information regarding our interest incurred and capitalized is provided in Note 6 – Inventories in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Equity in Income (Loss) of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Our equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures was $2.4 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to our equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures of $.4 million for three months ended February 29, 2024. The year-over-year improvement for the 2025 period mainly reflected homes delivered by an unconsolidated joint venture in California. In the corresponding period of 2024, our unconsolidated joint ventures did not deliver any homes. Further information regarding our investments in homebuilding unconsolidated joint ventures is provided in Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Net Orders, Cancellation Rates, Backlog and Community Count. The following table presents information about our net orders, cancellation rate, ending backlog and community count (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Net orders |  | 2,772 |  |  | 3,323 |  |  |  |  |
Net order value (a) |  | $ | 1,346,067 |  |  | $ | 1,582,191 |  |  |  |  |
Cancellation rate (b) |  | 16 | % |  | 14 | % |  |  |  |
Ending backlog — homes |  | 4,436 |  |  | 5,796 |  |  |  |  |
Ending backlog — value |  | $ | 2,201,933 |  |  | $ | 2,791,744 |  |  |  |  |
Ending community count |  | 255 |  |  | 238 |  |  |  |  |
Average community count |  | 257 |  |  | 240 |  |  |  |  |

(a) Net order value represents potential future housing revenues associated with net orders generated during the period, as well as homebuyer selections of lot and product premiums and design choices and options for homes in backlog during the same period.
(b) Cancellation rate represents the total number of contracts for new homes cancelled during a period divided by the total (gross) orders for new homes generated during the same period.
Net Orders. Net orders for the 2025 first quarter decreased 17%, compared to the year-earlier quarter, and the pace of monthly net orders per community was 3.6 in the 2025 first quarter, compared to 4.6 in the corresponding 2024 quarter, reflecting our lower net orders as well as a higher average community count. The decreases in our net orders and monthly pace per community reflected market conditions in the 2025 first quarter, with demand at the start of the Spring selling season more muted relative to the past few years, shaped by ongoing elevated mortgage interest rates, housing affordability concerns and heightened macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties that have negatively affected consumer confidence and caused homebuyers to take longer to make their purchase decisions. In addition, several of our planned community openings were delayed until late in the first quarter or, in some cases, into the second quarter, which also contributed to the year-over-year decline in our net orders.
We employed targeted sales strategies during the 2025 first quarter to improve affordability for our homebuyers and help drive order activity. These sales strategies, which we have used to varying degrees since the 2022 second half, included homebuyer concessions, particularly mortgage-related concessions such as interest rate buydowns. Additionally, in mid-February 2025, we selectively reduced selling prices on a community-by-community basis at roughly half of our communities to stimulate demand, with a focus around offering consumers the most compelling value, and from these steps we saw improved weekly net orders and a normalizing absorption pace at the end of the quarter. The value of our net orders for the 2025 first quarter decreased
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15% year over year as a result of the 17% decrease in net orders, partly offset by a 2% increase in their average selling price to $485,600.
Our cancellation rate as a percentage of gross orders for the three months ended February 28, 2025 increased slightly from the year-earlier period.
Backlog. The number of homes in our backlog and our backlog value at February 28, 2025 decreased 23% and 21%, respectively, from February 29, 2024. The decline in our overall backlog value reflected decreases in each of our homebuilding reporting segments, ranging from 20% in our West Coast and Southwest segments to 25% in our Southeast segment. Based on our historical experience, a portion of the homes in backlog will not result in homes delivered due to cancellations.
Community Count. We use the term “community count” to refer to the number of communities open for sale with at least five homes left to sell at the end of a reporting period. Our ending community count for the 2025 first quarter grew 7% from the year-earlier quarter. Our average community count for the three months ended February 28, 2025 also increased 7% from the year-earlier period. To help drive future growth, we increased our investments in land and land development on a year-over-year basis for the three months ended February 28, 2025, as discussed below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
HOMEBUILDING REPORTING SEGMENTS
Operational Data. The following tables present information about our homes delivered, net orders, cancellation rates as a percentage of gross orders, net order value, average community count and ending backlog (number of homes and value) by homebuilding reporting segment (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended
|  | Homes Delivered |  | Net Orders |  | Cancellation Rates
Segment |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
West Coast |  | 849 |  |  | 828 |  |  | 898 |  |  | 950 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 13 | %
Southwest |  | 678 |  |  | 717 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 698 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 10 |
Central |  | 751 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 720 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 15 |
Southeast |  | 492 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 609 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Total |  | 2,770 |  |  | 3,037 |  |  | 2,772 |  |  | 3,323 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 14 | %
|  | Net Order Value |  | Average Community Count
Segment |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance
West Coast |  | $ | 607,179 |  |  | $ | 633,400 |  |  | (4) | % |  | 88 |  |  | 73 |  | 21 | %
Southwest |  | 269,222 |  |  | 314,863 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 40 |  |  | 44 |  | (9) |
Central |  | 239,725 |  |  | 363,923 |  |  | (34) |  |  | 68 |  |  | 77 |  | (12) |
Southeast |  | 229,941 |  |  | 270,005 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 61 |  |  | 46 |  | 33 |
Total |  | $ | 1,346,067 |  |  | $ | 1,582,191 |  |  | (15) | % |  | 257 |  |  | 240 |  | 7 | %
|  | Backlog – Homes |  | Backlog – Value
Segment |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance
West Coast |  | 1,260 |  |  | 1,667 |  |  | (24) | % |  | $ | 879,894 |  |  | $ | 1,100,889 |  | (20) | %
Southwest |  | 1,001 |  |  | 1,360 |  |  | (26) |  |  | 488,714 |  |  | 608,455 |  | (20) |
Central |  | 1,102 |  |  | 1,414 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 400,205 |  |  | 505,194 |  | (21) |
Southeast |  | 1,073 |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | (21) |  |  | 433,120 |  |  | 577,206 |  | (25) |
Total |  | 4,436 |  |  | 5,796 |  |  | (23) | % |  | $ | 2,201,933 |  |  | $ | 2,791,744 |  | (21) | %

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The composition of our homes delivered, net orders and backlog shifts with the product and geographic mix of our active communities and the corresponding average selling prices of the homes ordered and/or delivered at these communities in any particular period, changing as new communities open and existing communities wind down or sell out in the ordinary course. In addition, with our Built to Order business model, the selling prices of individual homes within a community may vary due to differing lot sizes and locations, home square footage, product premiums and the design choices and options buyers select. These intrinsic variations in our business limit the comparability of our homes delivered, net orders and backlog, as well as their corresponding values, between sequential and year-over-year periods, in addition to the effect of prevailing economic or housing market conditions in or across any particular periods.
Financial Results. Below is a discussion of the financial results for each of our homebuilding reporting segments. Further information regarding these segments, including their pretax income (loss), is included in Note 2 – Segment Information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. The difference between each homebuilding reporting segment’s operating income (loss) and pretax income (loss) is generally due to the equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures and/or interest income and expense.
In addition to the results of our homebuilding reporting segments presented below, our consolidated homebuilding operating income includes the results of Corporate and other, a non-operating segment. Corporate and other had operating losses of $36.5 million and $35.1 million in the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively.
The financial results of our homebuilding reporting segments for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 were impacted to varying degrees by homebuyer concessions we extended to buyers in conjunction with our targeted sales strategies, as well as product and geographic mix shifts of homes delivered.
West Coast. The following table presents financial information related to our West Coast segment (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 601,649 |  |  | $ | 558,302 |  |  | 8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs | (491,168) |  |  | (447,433) |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (43,989) |  |  | (44,738) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 66,492 |  |  | $ | 66,131 |  |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Homes delivered | 849 |  |  | 828 |  |  | 3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Average selling price | $ | 708,700 |  |  | $ | 673,800 |  |  | 5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income as a percentage of revenues | 11.1 | % |  | 11.8 | % |  | (70) | bps |  |  |  |  |  |

In the three months ended February 28, 2025, this segment’s revenues were generated solely from housing operations. In the three months ended February 29, 2024, this segment’s revenues were comprised of housing revenues and nominal land sale revenues. The year-over-year growth in housing revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was driven by increases in both the number of homes delivered and their average selling price. Operating income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was nearly even year over year, as housing gross profits were essentially flat, and a slight decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was partly offset by the absence of land sale profits in the current period. Land sale profits were $.4 million in the year-earlier period. Operating income as a percentage of revenues for the 2025 first quarter was down from the year-earlier quarter, primarily due to a 140 basis-point decrease in the housing gross profit margin to 18.4%, partly offset by a 70 basis-point improvement in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to 7.3%. The year-over-year decrease in the housing gross profit margin for the three months ended February 28, 2025 mainly reflected higher relative land costs as well as increased homebuyer concessions. For the three months ended February 28, 2025, inventory-related charges associated with housing operations were $.6 million, compared to $1.3 million for the year-earlier period. The year-over-year improvement in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 primarily reflected improved operating leverage from higher housing revenues, partly offset by higher costs including marketing and other expenses associated with our increased community count in this segment.
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Southwest. The following table presents financial information related to our Southwest segment (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 312,879 |  |  | $ | 323,125 |  |  | (3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs | (232,718) |  |  | (244,491) |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (21,386) |  |  | (22,870) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 58,775 |  |  | $ | 55,764 |  |  | 5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Homes delivered | 678 |  |  | 717 |  |  | (5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Average selling price | $ | 461,500 |  |  | $ | 450,700 |  |  | 2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income as a percentage of revenues | 18.8 | % |  | 17.3 | % |  | 150 | bps |  |  |  |  |  |

In the three-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, this segment’s revenues were generated solely from housing operations. The year-over-year decline in this segment’s housing revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 reflected a decrease in the number of homes delivered, partly offset by an increase in their average selling price. Operating income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 increased from the corresponding year-earlier period due to higher housing gross profits and lower selling, general and administrative expenses. As a percentage of revenues, this segment’s operating income for the 2025 first quarter grew from the year-earlier quarter, reflecting a 130 basis-point increase in the housing gross profit margin to 25.6% and a 20 basis-point improvement in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to 6.8%. The year-over-year expansion in the housing gross profit margin for the three months ended February 28, 2025 primarily reflected lower relative construction and land costs, partly offset by increased homebuyer concessions and reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues. For the three months ended February 28, 2025, inventory-related charges associated with housing operations were $.3 million, compared to none for the year-earlier period.
Central. The following table presents financial information related to our Central segment (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 275,613 |  |  | $ | 320,484 |  |  | (14) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs | (219,896) |  |  | (249,840) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (30,229) |  |  | (32,073) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 25,488 |  |  | $ | 38,571 |  |  | (34) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Homes delivered | 751 |  |  | 870 |  |  | (14) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Average selling price | $ | 367,000 |  |  | $ | 364,700 |  |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income as a percentage of revenues | 9.2 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | (280) | bps |  |  |  |  |  |

In the three months ended February 28, 2025, this segment’s revenues were generated solely from housing operations. In the three months ended February 29, 2024, this segment’s revenues were comprised of housing revenues and land sale revenues. Housing revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 were down 13% from $317.3 million in the year-earlier period due to a decrease in the number of homes delivered, partly offset by a slight increase in their average selling price. Land sale revenues totaled $3.2 million in the three months ended February 29, 2024. Operating income for the 2025 first quarter declined from the year-earlier period mainly due to lower housing gross profits and the absence of land sale profits in the current quarter, partly offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses. Land sale profits totaled $1.1 million for the 2024 first quarter. This segment’s operating income as a percentage of revenues for the 2025 first quarter decreased from the year-earlier period, primarily due to a 170 basis-point decline in the housing gross profit margin to 20.2% and a 90 basis-point increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to 11.0%. The housing gross profit margin for the three months ended February 28, 2025 declined mainly due to higher relative land costs, and reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues. Inventory-related charges associated with housing operations for the three months ended February 28, 2025 were $.3 million, compared to none for the year-earlier period. The year-over-year increase in
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selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was mainly due to reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues.
Southeast. The following table presents financial information related to our Southeast segment (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Variance |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 196,900 |  |  | $ | 259,787 |  |  | (24) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land costs | (162,056) |  |  | (203,791) |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (21,767) |  |  | (23,731) |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 13,077 |  |  | $ | 32,265 |  |  | (59) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Homes delivered | 492 |  |  | 622 |  |  | (21) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Average selling price | $ | 400,200 |  |  | $ | 417,700 |  |  | (4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income as a percentage of revenues | 6.6 | % |  | 12.4 | % |  | (580) | bps |  |  |  |  |  |

This segment’s revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 were generated solely from housing operations. Housing revenues for the three-month period ended February 28, 2025 declined from the corresponding year-earlier period due to decreases in both the number of homes delivered and their average selling price. Operating income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was down year over year, reflecting lower housing gross profits, partly offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses. As a percentage of revenues, operating income for the 2025 first quarter decreased from the year-earlier quarter due to a 390 basis-point decline in the housing gross profit margin to 17.7% and a 190 basis-point increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to 11.1%. The year-over-year decrease in the housing gross profit margin primarily reflected higher relative construction and land costs, increased homebuyer concessions and reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues. The year-over-year increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was mainly due to reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues as well as higher costs, including marketing and other expenses associated with our expanded community count in this segment.
FINANCIAL SERVICES REPORTING SEGMENT
The following table presents a summary of selected financial and operational data for our financial services reporting segment (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 4,736 |  |  | $ | 6,068 |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | (1,539) |  |  | (1,546) |  |  |  |  |
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint venture | 4,329 |  |  | 7,055 |  |  |  |  |
Pretax income | $ | 7,526 |  |  | $ | 11,577 |  |  |  |  |
Total originations (a): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | 2,067 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  |  |  |
Principal | $ | 868,655 |  |  | $ | 840,566 |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of homebuyers using KBHS | 90 | % |  | 85 | % |  |  |  |
Average FICO score | 746 |  |  | 743 |  |  |  |  |

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| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Loans sold (a): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans sold to GR Alliance | 1,421 |  |  | 2,239 |  |  |  |  |
Principal | $ | 575,300 |  |  | $ | 886,241 |  |  |  |  |
Loans sold to third parties | 563 |  |  | 37 |  |  |  |  |
Principal | $ | 249,977 |  |  | $ | 14,153 |  |  |  |  |

(a)Loan originations and sales occurred within KBHS.
Revenues. Financial services revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2025 declined 22% year over year, due to decreases in both insurance commissions and title services revenues.
Pretax income. Financial services pretax income for the three months ended February 28, 2025 was down 35% from the year-earlier period, largely due to a decrease in the equity in income of our unconsolidated joint venture, KBHS. In the 2025 first quarter, the equity in income of our unconsolidated joint venture was $4.3 million, compared to $7.1 million in the year-earlier quarter, reflecting a decrease in KBHS’ income. The year-over-year decrease in KBHS’ income primarily reflected a loss in the fair value of IRLCs of $1.5 million in the current quarter, compared to a gain in the fair value of IRLCs of $2.9 million in the year-earlier quarter. Also contributing to the year-over-year decrease in KBHS’ income was a decline in the number of loans originated, which reflected a decrease in the number of homes we delivered, partly offset by an increase in the percentage of homebuyers using KBHS.
Further information regarding our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, including KBHS, is provided in Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | $ | 29,800 |  |  | $ | 36,000 |  |  |  |  |
Effective tax rate | 21.4 | % |  | 20.6 | % |  |  |  |

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28, 2025 increased from the year-earlier period, mainly due to a $2.4 million decrease in the Section 45L tax credits we recognized primarily from building energy-efficient homes and a $.7 million decrease in excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation. The year-over-year decrease in Section 45L tax credits reflects the impact of guidance the IRS issued in 2023 that heightened the Section 45L energy-efficiency qualification standard for homes built in California relative to other states and our decision to build homes in many of our markets beginning in 2025 that are highly energy efficient and qualify for ENERGY STAR certification but do not qualify for Section 45L tax credits. We believe the additional costs necessary to satisfy the higher standards for some of our homes outweigh the possible benefits of meeting those standards for both our business and our buyers.
Further information regarding our income taxes is provided in Note 13 – Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This report contains information about our adjusted housing gross profit margin, which is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe this non-GAAP financial measure is relevant and useful to investors in understanding our operations, and may be helpful in comparing us with other companies in the homebuilding industry to the extent they provide similar information. However, because it is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, this non-GAAP financial measure may not be completely comparable to other companies in the homebuilding industry and, thus, should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to operating performance and/or financial measures prescribed by GAAP. Rather, this non-GAAP financial measure should be used to supplement the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure in order to provide a greater understanding of the factors and trends affecting our operations.
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Adjusted Housing Gross Profit Margin. The following table reconciles our housing gross profit margin calculated in accordance with GAAP to the non-GAAP financial measure of our adjusted housing gross profit margin (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  |
Housing revenues | $ | 1,387,041 |  |  | $ | 1,458,126 |  |  |  |  |
Housing construction and land costs | (1,107,414) |  |  | (1,144,427) |  |  |  |  |
Housing gross profits | 279,627 |  |  | 313,699 |  |  |  |  |
Add: Inventory-related charges (a) | 1,455 |  |  | 1,298 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted housing gross profits | $ | 281,082 |  |  | $ | 314,997 |  |  |  |  |
Housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues | 20.2 | % |  | 21.5 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues | 20.3 | % |  | 21.6 | % |  |  |  |

(a) Represents inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges associated with housing operations.
Adjusted housing gross profit margin is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we calculate by dividing housing revenues less housing construction and land costs excluding housing inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges (as applicable) recorded during a given period, by housing revenues. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is housing gross profit margin. We believe adjusted housing gross profit margin is a relevant and useful financial measure to investors in evaluating our performance as it measures the gross profits we generated specifically on the homes delivered during a given period. This non-GAAP financial measure isolates the impact that the housing inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges have on housing gross profit margins, and allows investors to make comparisons with our competitors that adjust housing gross profit margins in a similar manner. We also believe investors will find adjusted housing gross profit margin relevant and useful because it represents a profitability measure that may be compared to a prior period without regard to variability of housing inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges. This financial measure assists us in making strategic decisions regarding community location and product mix, product pricing and construction pace.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview. We have funded our homebuilding and financial services activities over the last several years with:
•internally generated cash flows;
•public issuances of debt securities;
•borrowings under the Credit Facility;
•the Term Loan;
•land option contracts and other similar contracts and seller notes;
•public issuances of our common stock; and
•letters of credit and performance bonds.
We manage our use of cash in the operation of our business to support the execution of our primary strategic goals. Over the past several years, we have primarily used cash for:
•land acquisitions and land development;
•home construction;
•operating expenses;
•principal and interest payments on notes payable;
•repayments of borrowings under the Credit Facility;
•dividends paid to stockholders; and
•repurchases of our common stock.
We ended the 2025 first quarter with total liquidity of $1.25 billion, including cash and cash equivalents and $981.7 million of available capacity under the Credit Facility, with $100.0 million of cash borrowings outstanding. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $267.8 million at February 28, 2025, compared to $598.0 million at November 30, 2024. Cash equivalents included in the total were $48.7 million at February 28, 2025 and $385.1 million at November 30, 2024, and were mainly invested in interest-bearing bank deposit accounts and money market funds. Based on our financial position as of February 28, 2025, and our business forecast as discussed below under “Outlook,” we have no material concerns related to our liquidity. We believe
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that our existing cash and cash equivalents, our anticipated cash flows from operations and amounts available under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating and land-related investment needs for at least the next 12 months.
Cash Requirements. In the three months ended February 28, 2025, there have been no significant changes in our cash requirements from those reported in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024.
Investments in Land and Land Development. Our investments in land and land development for the three months ended February 28, 2025 grew 57% to $920.3 million, compared to $587.1 million for the corresponding year-earlier period. This increase reflected the execution of our strategic priority to expand our land-related investments to support future growth, and our opportunistic purchase of two sizable land parcels in our Southwest homebuilding reporting segment to replace a large community that is approaching close out. Land acquisition expenditures, which are included in our investments in land and land development, increased to $538.0 million, or 58% of our total investments, for the three months ended February 28, 2025, from $214.4 million, or approximately 37% of our total investments, for the corresponding period of 2024. While we made investments in land and land development in each of our homebuilding reporting segments during the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, approximately 47% and 50%, respectively, of these investments for each period were made in our West Coast homebuilding reporting segment.
For the remainder of 2025, we intend to continue to invest in and develop land positions within attractive submarkets and selectively acquire or control additional land that meets our investment standards, depending significantly on market conditions and available opportunities that meet our investment return standards.
The following table presents the number of lots we owned or controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts and the carrying value of inventory by homebuilding reporting segment (dollars in thousands):

|  | February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024 |  | Variance
Segment |  | Lots |  | Carrying Value |  | Lots |  | Carrying Value |  | Lots |  | Carrying Value
West Coast |  | 25,145 |  |  | $ | 3,077,792 |  |  | 23,956 |  |  | $ | 2,915,543 |  |  | 1,189 |  |  | $ | 162,249 |
Southwest |  | 11,901 |  |  | 1,026,310 |  |  | 13,117 |  |  | 845,910 |  |  | (1,216) |  |  | 180,400 |
Central |  | 22,918 |  |  | 837,410 |  |  | 21,056 |  |  | 839,920 |  |  | 1,862 |  |  | (2,510) |
Southeast |  | 18,269 |  |  | 1,001,035 |  |  | 18,574 |  |  | 926,647 |  |  | (305) |  |  | 74,388 |
Total |  | 78,233 |  |  | $ | 5,942,547 |  |  | 76,703 |  |  | $ | 5,528,020 |  |  | 1,530 |  |  | $ | 414,527 |

The carrying value of lots we owned or controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts at February 28, 2025 increased 7% from November 30, 2024, reflecting land investments during the three months ended February 28, 2025, partly offset by homes delivered and our abandonment of 4,621 previously controlled lots. The number of lots we owned or controlled as of February 28, 2025 increased 2% from November 30, 2024. The number of lots in inventory as of February 28, 2025 included 13,993 lots under contract where the associated deposits were refundable at our discretion, compared to 18,923 of such lots at November 30, 2024. Our lots controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts as a percentage of total lots was 46% at February 28, 2025, compared to 49% at November 30, 2024. Generally, this percentage fluctuates with our decisions to control (or abandon) lots under land option contracts and other similar contracts or to purchase (or sell owned) lots based on available opportunities and our investment return standards.
Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts. As discussed in Note 8 – Variable Interest Entities in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, our land option contracts and other similar contracts generally do not contain provisions requiring our specific performance. Our decision to exercise a particular land option contract or other similar contract depends on the results of our due diligence reviews and ongoing market and project feasibility analysis that we conduct after entering into such a contract. In some cases, our decision to exercise a land option contract or other similar contract may be conditioned on the land seller obtaining necessary entitlements, such as zoning rights and environmental and development approvals, and/or physically developing the underlying land by a pre-determined date. We typically have the ability not to exercise our rights to the underlying land for any reason and, if applicable, forfeit our deposits without further penalty or obligation to the sellers. If we were to acquire all the land we had under land option contracts and other similar contracts at February 28, 2025, we estimate the remaining purchase price to be paid would be as follows: 2025 – $902.6 million; 2026 – $1.09 billion; 2027 – $276.2 million; 2028 – $107.5 million; 2029 – $62.5 million; and thereafter – $0.
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Liquidity. The table below summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, and total liquidity (in thousands):

|  | February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 267,833 |  |  | $ | 597,973 |
Credit Facility commitment |  | 1,090,000 |  |  | 1,090,000 |
Borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility |  | (100,000) |  |  | — |
Letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility |  | (8,260) |  |  | (8,260) |
Credit Facility availability |  | 981,740 |  |  | 1,081,740 |
Total liquidity |  | $ | 1,249,573 |  |  | $ | 1,679,713 |

Capital Resources. Our notes payable consisted of the following (in thousands):

| February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024 |  | Variance
Credit Facility | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100,000 |
Term Loan | 358,994 |  |  | 358,826 |  |  | 168 |
Senior notes | 1,330,164 |  |  | 1,329,704 |  |  | 460 |
Mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans | 3,149 |  |  | 3,149 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,792,307 |  |  | $ | 1,691,679 |  |  | $ | 100,628 |

Our first quarter is typically when we have the lowest cash inflows and highest cash outflows of our fiscal year. As such, to support executing on our strategic priority of expanding our investments in land and land development for future growth, during the 2025 first quarter we utilized cash borrowings from the Credit Facility. As a result, our financial leverage, as measured by the ratio of debt to capital, increased 110 basis points to 30.5% at February 28, 2025, compared to 29.4% at November 30, 2024. On a year-over-year basis, our debt to capital ratio was nearly even with 30.4% at February 29, 2024. The ratio of debt to capital is calculated by dividing notes payable by capital (notes payable plus stockholders’ equity).
LOC Facility. We maintain the LOC Facility to obtain letters of credit from time to time in the ordinary course of operating our business. Under the LOC Facility, which expires on February 13, 2028, we may issue up to $100.0 million of letters of credit. As of February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, we had letters of credit outstanding under the LOC Facility of $72.6 million and $73.3 million, respectively.
Performance Bonds. As discussed in Note 16 – Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, we had $1.31 billion and $1.33 billion of performance bonds outstanding at February 28, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. We have a $1.09 billion Credit Facility that will mature on February 18, 2027. The Credit Facility contains an uncommitted accordion feature under which its aggregate principal amount of available loans can be increased to a maximum of $1.29 billion under certain conditions, including obtaining additional bank commitments. The amount of the Credit Facility available for cash borrowings and the issuance of letters of credit depends on the total cash borrowings and letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility and the maximum available amount under the terms of the Credit Facility. As of February 28, 2025, we had $100.0 million of cash borrowings and $8.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is further described in Note 14 – Notes Payable in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Under the terms of the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, we are required, among other things, to maintain compliance with various covenants, including financial covenants regarding our consolidated tangible net worth, Leverage Ratio, and either an Interest Coverage Ratio or minimum liquidity level, each as defined therein. Our compliance with these financial covenants is measured by calculations and metrics that are specifically defined or described by the terms of the Credit Facility and the Term Loan and can differ in certain respects from comparable GAAP or other commonly used terms. The financial covenant requirements under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan are set forth below:
•Consolidated tangible net worth – We must maintain a consolidated tangible net worth at the end of any fiscal quarter greater than or equal to the sum of (a) $2.09 billion, plus (b) an amount equal to 50% of the aggregate of the cumulative consolidated net income for each fiscal quarter commencing after November 30, 2021 and ending as of the last day of such
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fiscal quarter (though there is no reduction if there is a consolidated net loss in any fiscal quarter), plus (c) an amount equal to 50% of the cumulative net proceeds we receive from the issuance of our capital stock after November 30, 2021.
•Leverage Ratio – We must also maintain a Leverage Ratio of less than or equal to .60 at the end of each fiscal quarter. The Leverage Ratio is calculated as the ratio of our consolidated total indebtedness to the sum of consolidated total indebtedness and consolidated tangible net worth, all as defined under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan.
•Interest Coverage Ratio or liquidity – We are also required to maintain either (a) an Interest Coverage Ratio of greater than or equal to 1.50 at the end of each fiscal quarter; or (b) a minimum level of liquidity, but not both. The Interest Coverage Ratio is the ratio of our consolidated adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest incurred, each as defined under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, in each case for the previous 12 months. Our minimum liquidity is required to be greater than or equal to consolidated interest incurred, as defined under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, for the four most recently ended fiscal quarters in the aggregate.
In addition, under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, our equity investments in joint ventures and non-guarantor subsidiaries and other unconsolidated entities as of the end of each fiscal quarter cannot exceed the sum of (a) $104.8 million and (b) 20% of consolidated tangible net worth. Further, for so long as we do not hold an investment grade rating, as defined under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, the Credit Facility and the Term Loan do not permit our borrowing base indebtedness, which, subject to certain exceptions, is the aggregate principal amount of our and certain of our subsidiaries’ outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money and non-collateralized financial letters of credit, to be greater than our borrowing base (a measure relating to our inventory and unrestricted cash assets).
The covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan represent the most restrictive covenants that we are subject to with respect to our notes payable. The following table summarizes the financial covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, and our actual levels or ratios (as applicable) with respect to those covenants and other requirements, in each case as of February 28, 2025:

Financial Covenants and Other Requirements |  | Covenant Requirement |  | Actual
Consolidated tangible net worth |  | > | $3.18 billion |  | $4.05 billion
Leverage Ratio |  | < | .600 |  | .308
Interest Coverage Ratio (a) |  | > | 1.500 |  | 10.640
Minimum liquidity (a) |  | > | $89.7 million |  | $167.8 million
Investments in joint ventures and non-guarantor subsidiaries |  | < | $915.1 million |  | $410.0 million
Borrowing base in excess of borrowing base indebtedness (as defined) |  |  | n/a |  | $2.69 billion

(a) Under the terms of the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, we are required to maintain either a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio or a minimum level of liquidity.
The indenture governing our senior notes does not contain any financial covenants. Subject to specified exceptions, the indenture contains certain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur secured indebtedness, or engage in sale-leaseback transactions involving property above a certain specified value. In addition, the indenture contains certain limitations related to mergers, consolidations, and sales of assets.
As of February 28, 2025, we were in compliance with the applicable terms of all of our covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility, the Term Loan, the senior notes, the indenture, the LOC Facility and the mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans. Our ability to access the Credit Facility for cash borrowings and letters of credit and our ability to secure future debt financing depend, in part, on our ability to remain in such compliance. Our ability to access the Credit Facility’s full borrowing capacity, as well as the LOC Facility’s full issuance capacity, also depends on the ability and willingness of the applicable lenders and financial institutions, including any substitute or additional lenders and financial institutions, to meet their commitments to fund loans, extend credit or provide payment guarantees to or for us under those instruments.
There are no agreements that restrict our payment of dividends other than the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, which would restrict our payment of certain dividends, such as cash dividends on our common stock, if a default under the Credit Facility or the Term Loan exists at the time of any such payment, or if any such payment would result in such a default (other than dividends paid within 60 days after declaration, if there was no default at the time of declaration).
Depending on available terms, we finance certain land acquisitions with purchase-money financing from land sellers or with other forms of financing from third parties. At February 28, 2025, we had outstanding mortgages and land contracts due to land
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sellers and other loans payable in connection with such financing of $3.1 million, secured primarily by the underlying property, which had an aggregate carrying value of $16.5 million.
Senior Unsecured Term Loan. We have a $360.0 million Term Loan with the lenders party thereto that will mature on August 25, 2026, or earlier if we secure borrowings under the Credit Facility without similarly securing the Term Loan (subject to certain exceptions). The Term Loan is further described in Note 14 – Notes Payable in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. As discussed in Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, we have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located. As of February 28, 2025, one of our unconsolidated joint ventures had borrowings outstanding under a term loan with a third-party lender and secured by the underlying property and related project assets. None of our other homebuilding unconsolidated joint ventures had outstanding debt at February 28, 2025.
Consolidated Cash Flows. The following table presents a summary of net cash provided by (used in) our operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | (334,321) |  |  | $ | 28,518 |
Investing activities | (10,664) |  |  | (12,592) |
Financing activities | 15,250 |  |  | (74,973) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (329,735) |  |  | $ | (59,047) |

Operating Activities. Generally, our net operating cash flows fluctuate mainly based on changes in our inventories and our profitability. Our net cash used by operating activities for the three months ended February 28, 2025 mainly reflected a net increase in inventories of $416.4 million and a net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $99.0 million, partly offset by net income of $109.6 million and a net decrease in receivables of $39.3 million. In the three months ended February 29, 2024, our net cash provided by operating activities primarily reflected net income of $138.7 million and a net decrease in receivables of $10.1 million, partly offset by a net increase in inventories of $107.5 million and a net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $38.5 million.
Investing Activities. In the three months ended February 28, 2025, our net cash used for investing activities reflected $11.2 million used for net purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by a $.6 million return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. In the three months ended February 29, 2024, the net cash used for investing activities included $9.5 million for net purchases of property and equipment and $3.1 million for contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures.
Financing Activities. In the three months ended February 28, 2025, cash was provided by $100.0 million of net borrowings under the Credit Facility and $.4 million of issuances of common stock under employee stock plans. The cash provided was partly offset by stock repurchases of $50.0 million, dividend payments on our common stock of $19.3 million, and tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards of $15.9 million. In the three months ended February 29, 2024, our uses of cash included stock repurchases of $50.0 million, tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards of $16.5 million, dividend payments on our common stock of $16.4 million, and payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans of $.9 million. The cash used was partially offset by $8.8 million of issuances of common stock under employee stock plans.
Dividends. In the 2025 first quarter, our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of $.25 per share. In the 2024 first quarter, our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of $.20 per share. The declaration and payment of future cash dividends on our common stock, whether at current levels or at all, are at the discretion of our board of directors, and depend upon, among other things, our expected future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, access to external financing, debt structure and any adjustments thereto, operational and financial investment strategy and general financial condition, as well as general business conditions.
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Share Repurchase Program. On April 18, 2024, our board of directors authorized us to repurchase up to $1.00 billion of our outstanding common stock. As of November 30, 2024, there was $700.0 million of remaining availability under this share repurchase authorization. In the 2025 first quarter, we repurchased 753,939 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $50.0 million. Repurchases under the authorization may occur periodically through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the timing and amount at management’s discretion and dependent on market, business and other conditions. This share repurchase authorization will continue in effect until fully used or earlier terminated or suspended by our board of directors, and does not obligate us to purchase any shares. As of February 28, 2025, there was $650.0 million of remaining availability under this share repurchase authorization.
As of the date of this report, and as stated above, we believe we have adequate capital resources and sufficient access to external financing sources to satisfy our current and reasonably anticipated requirements for funds to conduct our operations and meet other needs in the ordinary course of our business. For the remainder of 2025, we expect to use or redeploy our cash resources or cash borrowings under the Credit Facility to support our business within the context of prevailing market conditions. During this time, we may also engage in capital markets, bank loan, project debt or other financial transactions, including the repurchase of debt or equity securities or potential new issuances of debt or equity securities to support our business needs. The amounts involved in these transactions, if any, may be material. In addition, as necessary or desirable, we may adjust or amend the terms of and/or expand the capacity of the Credit Facility or the LOC Facility, or enter into additional letter of credit facilities, or other similar facility arrangements, in each case with the same or other financial institutions, or allow any such facilities or loans to mature or expire. Our ability to engage in such transactions may be constrained by volatile or tight economic, capital, credit and/or financial market conditions or other factors, including those described below under “Outlook,” and/or our liquidity, leverage and net worth, and we can provide no assurance as to successfully completing, the costs of, or the operational limitations arising from any one or series of such transactions.
Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information
As of February 28, 2025, we had $1.34 billion in aggregate principal amount of outstanding senior notes, $100.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and $360.0 million in aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan. Our obligations to pay principal and interest on the senior notes and borrowings, if any, under the Credit Facility and the Term Loan are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by our Guarantor Subsidiaries. Our other subsidiaries, including all of our subsidiaries associated with our financial services operations, do not guarantee any such indebtedness (collectively, “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”), although we may cause a Non-Guarantor Subsidiary to become a Guarantor Subsidiary if we believe it to be in our or the relevant subsidiary’s best interest. See Note 14 – Notes Payable in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information regarding the terms of our senior notes, the Credit Facility and the Term Loan.
The guarantees are full and unconditional, and the Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by us. The guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of each of the Guarantor Subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and guarantees of such Guarantor Subsidiaries. The guarantees are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness of such Guarantor Subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.
Pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the senior notes and the terms of the Credit Facility and the Term Loan, if any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries ceases to be a “significant subsidiary” as defined by Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X using a 5% rather than a 10% threshold (provided that the assets of our Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries do not in the aggregate exceed 10% of an adjusted measure of our consolidated total assets), it will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged from its guaranty of the senior notes, the Credit Facility and the Term Loan so long as all guarantees by such Guarantor Subsidiary of any other of our or our subsidiaries’ indebtedness are terminated at or prior to the time of such release.
The following tables present summarized financial information for KB Home and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures and after the elimination of (a) intercompany transactions and balances between KB Home and the Guarantor Subsidiaries and (b) equity in earnings from and investments in the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. See Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information regarding our unconsolidated joint ventures.
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|  | February 28, 2025 |  | November 30, 2024
Summarized Balance Sheet Data (in thousands) |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 215,887 |  |  | $ | 543,233 |
Inventories |  | 5,342,657 |  |  | 4,981,097 |
Amounts due from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | 549,192 |  |  | 500,321 |
Total assets |  | 6,703,724 |  |  | 6,657,479 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
Notes payable |  | $ | 1,792,307 |  |  | $ | 1,691,679 |
Amounts due to Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | 395,192 |  |  | 382,356 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,944,543 |  |  | 2,928,169 |
Stockholders’ equity |  | 3,759,181 |  |  | 3,729,310 |

|  | Three Months Ended February 28, 2025 |  |
Summarized Statement of Operations Data (in thousands) |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 1,278,293 |  |  |
Construction and land costs |  | (1,012,166) |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (139,388) |  |  |
Interest income from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | 7,833 |  |  |
Pretax income |  | 136,405 |  |  |
Net income |  | 106,805 |  |  |

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires the use of judgment in the application of accounting policies and estimates of uncertain matters. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended February 28, 2025 from those disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
There are no recent accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Outlook
Although certain longer-term housing market drivers remain largely positive, including favorable demographic trends, rising household formations and the undersupply of new and resale homes, we expect the softer market conditions, including ongoing elevated mortgage interest rates, housing affordability concerns and heightened macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties, that we experienced in the 2025 first quarter to persist for the remainder of the year. The negative impact of these conditions on consumer confidence has caused homebuyers to take longer in making their purchase decisions and demand at the start of the Spring selling season to be muted relative to the past few years. Reflecting this environment, despite a healthy level of traffic in our communities, we experienced year-over-year decreases in our 2025 first quarter net orders of 17%, ending backlog of 23% and ending backlog value of 21%. In mid-February 2025, we selectively reduced selling prices on a community-by-community basis at roughly one-half of our communities to stimulate demand, and in many cases, we lowered or eliminated homebuyer concessions, helping to offset the margin impact of those price changes. Consumers responded favorably to these steps, which were focused around offering the most compelling value, and we saw improved weekly net orders and a normalizing absorption pace at the end of the quarter. Although our net orders for the 2025 first quarter were below our expectations, we were encouraged by the net order and absorption rates we saw at the end of the 2025 first quarter, which have continued into the early weeks of our 2025 second quarter.
While our net order trend has improved, we have revised our projections for 2025 due to our first quarter results, the relatively soft start to the Spring selling season and the selling price adjustments we implemented in mid-February 2025. We believe we
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are well positioned to meet our present net order expectations for what is typically the seasonally strongest selling period of the year. At the same time, we intend to remain nimble in our approach to the Spring selling season, as we balance pace and price at the community level. We also expect to continue to employ targeted sales strategies during the remainder of 2025, as we have to varying degrees since the 2022 second half, including homebuyer concessions, particularly, mortgage-related concessions such as interest rate buydowns. Our use of such concessions will depend on, among other things, market dynamics, including mortgage interest rates and overall housing affordability, as well as community-specific considerations, including the size and construction stage of the backlog, net order pace and lots remaining available for sale. We anticipate our use of pricing adjustments and homebuyer concessions will continue to temper the average selling prices of homes delivered and housing gross profit margins for the remainder of the year, as reflected in our 2025 second quarter and full-year projections below.
For the remainder of 2025, we intend to continue to invest in and develop land positions within attractive submarkets and acquire or control additional land that meets our investment standards, depending significantly on market conditions and available opportunities, though we anticipate a sequential decrease in our land-related investments in the 2025 second quarter. Additionally, we intend to prioritize capital efficiency, developing lots where possible in smaller phases and balancing development with our starts pace to manage our inventory of finished lots.
At the same time, we plan to continue returning capital to our stockholders. As of February 28, 2025, we had $650.0 million of remaining availability under our current board of directors share repurchase authorization. This provides us the opportunity to repurchase our common stock in the remainder of 2025, with the pace, volume and timing based on considerations of our operating cash flow, liquidity outlook, land investment opportunities and needs, the market price of our common stock, and the housing market and general economic conditions.
Considering the foregoing, our present outlook for the 2025 second quarter and the 2025 full year as to certain metrics is as follows:
2025 Second Quarter
•We expect to generate housing revenues in the range of $1.45 billion to $1.55 billion, compared to $1.70 billion for the corresponding 2024 period, and anticipate our average selling price to be approximately $488,000, compared to $483,000 in the year-earlier period.
•We expect our homebuilding operating income margin to be approximately 8.5%, assuming no inventory-related charges, compared to 11.1% for the year-earlier quarter.
•We expect our housing gross profit margin will be in the range of 19.1% to 19.5%, assuming no inventory-related charges, compared to 21.2% for the corresponding 2024 quarter.
•We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues will be in the range of 10.6% to 11.0%, compared to 10.1% for the 2024 second quarter.
•We expect our effective tax rate will be approximately 24.0%, compared to 23.8% for the year-earlier quarter.
•We expect our ending community count to be in the range of 250 to 260, compared to 247 for the corresponding 2024 quarter.
2025 Full Year
•We expect our housing revenues to be in the range of $6.60 billion to $7.00 billion, compared to $6.90 billion for 2024.
•We expect our average selling price to be in the range of $480,000 to $495,000, compared to $486,900 for 2024.
•We expect our homebuilding operating income margin as a percentage of revenues to be approximately 9.4%, assuming no inventory-related charges, compared to 11.1% for 2024.
•We expect our housing gross profit margin to be in the range of 19.2% to 20.0%, assuming no inventory-related charges, compared to 21.1% for 2024.
•We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to be in the range of 10.0% to 10.4%, compared to 10.0% for 2024.
•We expect our effective tax rate to be approximately 24.0%, compared to 23.0% for 2024.
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•We expect our ending community count to be approximately 250, compared to 258 for 2024.
In addition to factors discussed elsewhere in this report, our future performance and the strategies we implement (and adjust or refine as necessary or appropriate) will depend significantly on prevailing economic, employment, homebuilding industry and capital, credit and financial market conditions and on a fairly stable and constructive political and regulatory environment (particularly in regard to housing and mortgage loan financing policies). While the Federal Reserve reduced interest rates three times in 2024, and may lower rates further in 2025 or later periods, it has since December 2024 kept rates unchanged and we cannot provide any assurance it will or that any interest rate reduction(s), or other monetary policy changes, will positively affect demand or our business, results of operations or consolidated financial statements. The potential extent and effect of these and other factors on our business is highly uncertain, unpredictable and outside our control, and our past performance, including in the 2025 first quarter, should not be considered indicative of our future results on any metric or set of metrics, including, but not limited to, our net orders, backlog, revenues and returns.
Forward-Looking Statements
Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this report, as well as some statements by us in periodic press releases and other public disclosures and some oral statements by us to securities analysts, stockholders and others during presentations, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”). Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “hope,” and similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that we may make or provide concerning future financial or operating performance (including without limitation future revenues, community count, homes delivered, net orders, selling prices, sales pace per new community, expenses, expense ratios, housing gross profits, housing gross profit margins, earnings or earnings per share, or growth or growth rates), future market conditions, future interest rates, and other economic conditions, ongoing business strategies or prospects, future dividends and changes in dividend levels, the value of our backlog (including amounts that we expect to realize upon delivery of homes included in our backlog and the timing of those deliveries), the value of our net orders, potential future asset acquisitions and the impact of completed acquisitions, future share issuances or repurchases, future debt issuances, repurchases or redemptions and other possible future actions are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about our operations, economic and market factors, and the homebuilding industry, among other things. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we have no specific policy or intention to update these statements. If we update or revise any such statement(s), no assumption should be made that we will further update or revise that statement(s) or update or revise any other such statement(s). In addition, forward-looking and other statements in this report and in other public or oral disclosures that express or contain opinions, views or assumptions about market or economic conditions; the success, performance, effectiveness and/or relative positioning of our strategies, initiatives or operational activities; and other matters, may be based in whole or in part on general observations of our management, limited or anecdotal evidence and/or business or industry experience without in-depth or any particular empirical investigation, inquiry or analysis.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The most important risk factors that could cause our actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•general economic, employment and business conditions;
•population growth, household formations and demographic trends;
•conditions in the capital, credit and financial markets;
•our ability to access external financing sources and raise capital through the issuance of common stock, debt or other securities, and/or project financing, on favorable terms;
•the execution of any securities repurchases pursuant to our board of directors’ authorization;
•material and trade costs and availability, including the greater costs associated with achieving current and expected higher standards for ENERGY STAR certified homes, and delays related to state and municipal construction, permitting, inspection and utility processes, which have been disrupted by key equipment shortages;
•consumer and producer price inflation;
•changes in interest rates, including those set by the Federal Reserve, which the Federal Reserve may increase to moderate inflation, as it did in 2022 and 2023, and those available in the capital markets or from financial institutions and other lenders, and applicable to mortgage loans;
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•our debt level, including our ratio of debt to capital, and our ability to adjust our debt level and maturity schedule;
•our compliance with the terms of the Credit Facility and the Term Loan;
•the ability and willingness of the applicable lenders and financial institutions, or any substitute or additional lenders and financial institutions, to meet their commitments or fund borrowings, extend credit or provide payment guarantees to or for us under the Credit Facility or LOC Facility;
•volatility in the market price of our common stock;
•our obtaining adequate levels of affordable insurance for our business and our ability to cover any incurred costs, liabilities or losses that are not covered by the insurance we have procured;
•home selling prices, including our homes’ selling prices, being unaffordable relative to consumer incomes;
•weak or declining consumer confidence, either generally or specifically with respect to purchasing homes;
•competition from other sellers of new and resale homes;
•weather events, significant natural disasters and other climate and environmental factors, such as a lack of adequate water supply to permit new home communities in certain areas;
•any failure of lawmakers to agree on a budget or appropriation legislation to fund the federal government’s operations (also known as a government shutdown), and financial markets’ and businesses’ reactions to any such failure;
•regulatory instability associated with the current U.S. presidential administration, including from its government efficiency initiatives, and the impact on the economy or financial markets therefrom;
•government actions, policies, programs and regulations directed at or affecting the housing market (including the tax benefits associated with purchasing and owning a home, and the standards, fees and size limits applicable to the purchase or insuring of mortgage loans by government-sponsored enterprises and government agencies), the homebuilding industry, or construction activities;
•changes in existing tax laws or enacted corporate income tax rates, including those resulting from regulatory guidance and interpretations issued with respect thereto, such as IRS guidance regarding heightened qualification requirements for federal tax credits for building energy-efficient homes;
•changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and duties on homebuilding materials and products, and related trade disputes with and retaliatory measures taken by other countries, and financial markets’ and businesses’ reactions to any such policies;
•disruptions in world and regional trade flows, economic activity and supply chains due to the military conflict and other attacks in the Middle East region and military conflict in Ukraine, including those stemming from wide-ranging sanctions the U.S. and other countries have imposed or may further impose on Russian business sectors, financial organizations, individuals and raw materials, the impact of which may, among other things, increase our operational costs, exacerbate building materials and appliance shortages and/or reduce our revenues and earnings;
•the adoption of new or amended financial accounting standards and the guidance and/or interpretations with respect thereto;
•the availability and cost of land in desirable areas and our ability to timely and efficiently develop acquired land parcels and open new home communities;
•impairment, land option contract abandonment or other inventory-related charges, including any stemming from decreases in the value of our land assets;
•our warranty claims experience with respect to homes previously delivered and actual warranty costs incurred;
•costs and/or charges arising from regulatory compliance requirements, including implementing state climate-related disclosure rules, or from legal, arbitral or regulatory proceedings, investigations, claims or settlements, including unfavorable outcomes in any such matters resulting in actual or potential monetary damage awards, penalties, fines or other direct or indirect payments, or injunctions, consent decrees or other voluntary or involuntary restrictions or adjustments to our business operations or practices that are beyond our current expectations and/or accruals;
•our ability to use/realize the net deferred tax assets we have generated;
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•our ability to successfully implement our current and planned strategies and initiatives related to our product, geographic and market positioning, gaining share and scale in our served markets, through, among other things, our making substantial investments in land and land development, which, in some cases, involves putting significant capital over several years into large projects in one location, and in entering into new markets;
•our operational and investment concentration in markets in California;
•consumer interest in our new home communities and products, particularly from first-time homebuyers and higher-income consumers;
•our ability to generate orders and convert our backlog of orders to home deliveries and revenues, particularly in key markets in California, and the costs and margin impact we incur from the incentives or concessions we may provide to buyers to do so;
•our ability to successfully implement our business strategies and achieve any associated financial and operational targets and objectives, including those discussed in this report or in any of our other public filings, presentations or disclosures;
•income tax expense volatility associated with stock-based compensation;
•the ability of our homebuyers to obtain or afford homeowners and flood insurance policies, and/or typical or lender-required policies for other hazards or events, for their homes, which may depend on the ability and willingness of insurers or government-funded or -sponsored programs to offer coverage at an affordable price or at all;
•the ability of our homebuyers to obtain residential mortgage loans and mortgage banking services, which may depend on the ability and willingness of lenders and financial institutions to offer such loans and services to our homebuyers;
•the performance of mortgage lenders to our homebuyers;
•the performance of KBHS;
•the ability and willingness of lenders and financial institutions to extend credit facilities to KBHS to fund its originated mortgage loans;
•information technology failures and data security breaches;
•an epidemic, pandemic or significant seasonal or other disease outbreak, and the control response measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it, which may precipitate or exacerbate one or more of the above-mentioned and/or other risks, and significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business in the ordinary course for an extended period;
•widespread protests and/or civil unrest, whether due to political events, social movements or other reasons; and
•other events outside of our control.
Please see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024 and other filings with the SEC for a further discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties applicable to our business.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our market risk since November 30, 2024, other than our $100.0 million of cash borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility as of February 28, 2025. As disclosed in Note 14 – Notes Payable in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, our Credit Facility is subject to interest rate changes as the borrowing rates are based on SOFR or a base rate, plus a spread that depends on our Leverage Ratio. For additional information regarding our market risk, refer to the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“Principal Executive Officer”) and Chief Financial Officer (“Principal Financial Officer”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Under the supervision and with the participation of senior management, including our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act.
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Based on this evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of February 28, 2025.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended February 28, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II.OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of our legal proceedings, see Note 17 – Legal Matters in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024. However, we cannot provide any assurance that any such risk factor will not materialize.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table summarizes purchases of our own equity securities during the three months ended February 28, 2025 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Dollar Value of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (a)
December 1-31 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 700,000 |
January 1-31 |  | 193,854 |  |  | 68.33 |  |  | 13,246 |  |  | 686,754 |
February 1-28 |  | 817,845 |  |  | 64.36 |  |  | 36,754 |  |  | 650,000 |
Total |  | 1,011,699 |  |  | $ | 65.12 |  |  | $ | 50,000 |  |  |

(a) On April 18, 2024, our board of directors authorized us to repurchase up to $1.00 billion of our outstanding common stock. As of November 30, 2024, there was $700.0 million of remaining availability under this share repurchase authorization. In the 2025 first quarter, we repurchased 753,939 shares of our common stock on the open market pursuant to this authorization at a total cost of $50.0 million. As of February 28, 2025, we were authorized to repurchase up to $650.0 million of our outstanding common stock.
The total number of shares purchased and average price paid per share in the above table includes previously issued shares delivered to us by employees to satisfy withholding taxes on the vesting of PSUs in February 2025, as described in Note 18 – Stockholders’ Equity in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. These transactions are not considered repurchases under the board of directors’ authorization.
Item 5.Other Information
None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the quarter ended February 28, 2025, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Additionally, we did not adopt or terminate a Rule 10b5–1 trading arrangement during the quarter ended February 28, 2025.
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Item 6.Exhibits

Exhibits |  |
22 |  | List of Guarantor Subsidiaries, filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024 (File No. 001-09195), is incorporated by reference herein.
31.1 |  | Certification of Jeffrey T. Mezger, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KB Home Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Robert R. Dillard, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of KB Home Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of Jeffrey T. Mezger, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KB Home Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Robert R. Dillard, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of KB Home Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| KB HOME Registrant

Dated | April 9, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ ROBERT R. DILLARD
|  |  |  | Robert R. Dillard Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Dated | April 9, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ WILLIAM R. HOLLINGER
|  |  |  | William R. Hollinger Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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