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Income taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes The differences are as follows:
20232022
Expected income tax recovery at Canadian statutory rate
$(31,696)$(97,962)
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
Effect of differences in tax rates on transactions in and within foreign jurisdictions and change in tax rates(46,628)(55,315)
Adjustments from investments carried at fair value16,128 51,314 
Non-controlling interests share of income24,677 30,025 
Change in valuation allowance10,786 41,702 
Acquisition related state deferred tax adjustments— 5,998 
Capital gain rate differential on disposal of renewable assets — (7,340)
Tax credits(54,788)(18,440)
Amortization and settlement of excess deferred income tax(12,785)(14,855)
Deferred income taxes on regulated income recorded as regulatory assets(878)(1,986)
Other permanent differences5,341 4,591 
Other3,543 755 
Income tax recovery$(86,300)$(61,513)
Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Taxes
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, earnings (loss) before income taxes consist of the following:
20232022
Canada (1)
$(259,141)$(363,050)
U.S.102,469 (37,322)
Other regions37,067 30,704 
$(119,605)$(369,668)
(1) Inclusive of fair value gain (loss) on investments carried at fair value (note 8)
Schedule of Income Tax Expenses (Recovery) Attributable to Income (Loss)
Income tax expense (recovery) attributable to income (loss) consists of: 
CurrentDeferredTotal
Year ended December 31, 2023
Canada$4,352 $(59,488)$(55,136)
United States(14,820)(23,099)(37,919)
Other regions728 6,027 6,755 
$(9,740)$(76,560)$(86,300)
Year ended December 31, 2022
Canada$4,184 $(74,595)$(70,411)
United States1,579 6,183 7,762 
Other regions2,080 (944)1,136 
$7,843 $(69,356)$(61,513)
Schedule of Tax Effect of Temporary Difference Between Assets and Liability
The tax effect of temporary differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:
20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Non-capital loss, investment tax credits, currently non-deductible interest expenses, and financing costs$1,030,801 $878,000 
Pension and OPEB7,370 16,845 
Environmental obligation11,692 12,118 
Regulatory liabilities180,371 156,285 
Other72,109 61,917 
Total deferred income tax assets$1,302,343 $1,125,165 
Less: valuation allowance(97,344)(107,583)
Total deferred tax assets$1,204,999 $1,017,582 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment$883,447 $846,331 
Outside basis differentials364,511 315,581 
Regulatory accounts317,820 303,059 
Other59,640 33,834 
Total deferred tax liabilities$1,625,418 $1,498,805 
Net deferred tax liabilities$(420,419)$(481,223)
Consolidated balance sheets classification:
 Deferred tax assets$158,483 $84,416 
 Deferred tax liabilities(578,902)(565,639)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(420,419)$(481,223)
Summary of Valuation Allowance
The following table illustrates the annual movement in the deferred tax valuation allowance: 
20232022
Beginning balance $107,583 $27,471 
Charged to income tax expense
10,786 41,702 
Charged (reduction) to OCI(16,696)40,613 
Reductions to other accounts(4,329)(2,203)
Ending balance$97,344 $107,583 
Schedule of Non Capital Losses Carry Forwards
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had non-capital losses carried forward and tax credits available to reduce future years' taxable income, which expire as follows: 

Non-capital loss carryforward and credits2024—20282029+Total
Canada$3,339 $913,781 $917,120 
US8,441 1,897,609 1,906,050 
Total non-capital loss carryforward$11,780 $2,811,390 $2,823,170 
Tax credits$3,359 $200,772 $204,131