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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the transition period from to

RAYONIER INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

North Carolina | 1-6780 | 13-2607329
(State or other Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Rayonier, L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 333-237246 | 91-1313292
(State or other Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1 RAYONIER WAY
WILDLIGHT, FL 32097
(Principal Executive Office)
Telephone Number: (904) 357-9100
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Exchange
Common Shares, no par value, of Rayonier Inc. | RYN | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Rayonier Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ Rayonier, L.P. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Rayonier Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ Rayonier, L.P. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Rayonier Inc.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

Rayonier, L.P.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated Filer | ☒ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Rayonier Inc. ☐ Rayonier, L.P. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Rayonier Inc. Yes ☐ No ☒ Rayonier, L.P. Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 29, 2022, Rayonier Inc. ha d 146,292,726 C ommon Shares outstanding. As of April 29, 2022, Rayonier, L.P. h ad 3,312,229 Units outstanding.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE
This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022 of Rayonier Inc., a North Carolina corporation, and Rayonier, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Rayonier” or “the Company” mean Rayonier Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Rayonier, L.P. References to “we,” “us,” and “our” mean collectively Rayonier Inc., the Operating Partnership and entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Rayonier Inc. and/or the Operating Partnership.
Rayonier Inc. has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2004. The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) under which substantially all of its business is conducted through the Operating Partnership. Rayonier Inc. is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. On May 8, 2020, Rayonier, L.P. acquired Pope Resources, a Delaware Limited Partnership (“Pope Resources”) and issued approximately 4.45 million operating partnership units (“OP Units” or “Redeemable Operating Partnership Units”) of Rayonier, L.P. as partial merger consideration. These OP Units are generally considered to be economic equivalents to Rayonier common shares and receive distributions equal to the dividends paid on Rayonier common shares.
As of March 31, 2022, the Company owned a 97.8% interest in the Operating Partnership, with the remaining 2.2% interest owned by limited partners of the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Rayonier Inc. has exclusive control of the day-to-day management of the Operating Partnership.
Rayonier Inc. and the Operating Partnership are operated as one business. The management of the Operating Partnership consists of the same members as the management of Rayonier Inc. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, Rayonier Inc. consolidates Rayonier, L.P. for financial reporting purposes, and has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership.
We believe combining the quarterly reports of Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. into this single report results in the following benefits:
•Strengthens investors’ understanding of Rayonier Inc. and the Operating Partnership by enabling them to view the business as a single operating unit in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
•Creates efficiencies for investors by reducing duplicative disclosures and providing a single comprehensive document; and
•Generates time and cost savings associated with the preparation of the reports when compared to preparing separate reports for each entity.
There are a few important differences between Rayonier Inc. and the Operating Partnership in the context of how Rayonier Inc. operates as a consolidated company. The Company itself does not conduct business, other than through acting as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and issuing equity or equity-related instruments from time to time. The Operating Partnership holds, directly or indirectly, substantially all of the Company’s assets. Likewise, all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership or entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership conducts substantially all of the Company’s business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity.
To help investors understand the significant differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report includes:
•Separate Consolidated Financial Statements for Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P.;
•A combined set of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements with separate discussions of per share and per unit information, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital, as applicable;
•A combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations which includes specific information related to each reporting entity;

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•A separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures related to each reporting entity;
•A separate Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds section related to each reporting entity; and
•Separate Exhibit 31 and 32 certifications for each reporting entity within Part II, Item 6.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item |  |  | Page
|  | PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
1. |  | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 1
|  | Rayonier Inc.: |
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 1
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 5
|  | Rayonier, L.P.: |
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 6
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | 7
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 8
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 9
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
2. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 33
3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 54
4. |  | Controls and Procedures | 56
|  | PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
1. |  | Legal Proceedings | 56
1A. |  | Risk Factors | 56
2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 58
6. |  | Exhibits | 59
|  | Signatures | 60

i

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
SALES (NOTE 3) |  |  |  |  | $222,041 |  |  | $191,447 |
Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  | (160,979) |  |  | (151,378) |
Selling and general expenses |  |  |  |  | (14,760) |  |  | (14,032) |
Other operating (expense) income, net (Note 15) |  |  |  |  | (984) |  |  | 2,448 |
|  |  |  |  | (176,723) |  |  | (162,962) |
OPERATING INCOME |  |  |  |  | 45,318 |  |  | 28,485 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (8,337) |  |  | (10,028) |
Interest and other miscellaneous expense, net |  |  |  |  | (468) |  |  | (4) |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  |  |  |  | 36,513 |  |  | 18,453 |
Income tax expense (Note 17) |  |  |  |  | (5,515) |  |  | (3,421) |
NET INCOME |  |  |  |  | 30,998 |  |  | 15,032 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | (669) |  |  | (341) |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | (3,843) |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC. |  |  |  |  | 29,317 |  |  | 10,848 |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax effect of $0 and $0 |  |  |  |  | 6,458 |  |  | (14,288) |
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect of $1,022 and $1,059 |  |  |  |  | 40,427 |  |  | 61,001 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement plans, net of income tax expense of $0 and $0 |  |  |  |  | 188 |  |  | 294 |
Total other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | 47,073 |  |  | 47,007 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |  |  | 78,071 |  |  | 62,039 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | (1,686) |  |  | (1,872) |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (2,408) |  |  | (580) |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC. |  |  |  |  | $73,977 |  |  | $59,587 |
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (NOTE 5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Rayonier Inc. |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Rayonier Inc. |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents, excluding Timber Funds | $256,537 |  |  | $358,680 |
Cash and cash equivalents, Timber Funds | 3,185 |  |  | 3,493 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 259,722 |  |  | 362,173 |
Restricted cash, Timber Funds (Note 19) | 5,464 |  |  | 6,341 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $66 and $59 | 52,906 |  |  | 30,018 |
Inventory (Note 14) | 33,290 |  |  | 28,523 |
Prepaid expenses | 20,088 |  |  | 18,528 |
Assets held for sale (Note 20) | 2,466 |  |  | 5,099 |
Other current assets | 1,162 |  |  | 749 |
Total current assets | 375,098 |  |  | 451,431 |
TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION | 2,869,194 |  |  | 2,894,996 |
HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS (NOTE 13) | 111,445 |  |  | 106,878 |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT |  |  |
Land | 6,400 |  |  | 6,401 |
Buildings | 31,198 |  |  | 31,168 |
Machinery and equipment | 6,497 |  |  | 6,494 |
Construction in progress | 510 |  |  | 460 |
Total property, plant and equipment, gross | 44,605 |  |  | 44,523 |
Less — accumulated depreciation | (15,699) |  |  | (14,900) |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | 28,906 |  |  | 29,623 |
RESTRICTED CASH, EXCLUDING TIMBER FUNDS (NOTE 19) | 625 |  |  | 625 |
RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS | 104,183 |  |  | 101,837 |
OTHER ASSETS | 70,413 |  |  | 50,966 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $3,559,864 |  |  | $3,636,356 |
LIABILITIES, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |
Accounts payable | $31,131 |  |  | $23,447 |
Current maturities of long-term debt, net, (Note 6) | 2,087 |  |  | 124,965 |
Accrued taxes | 2,754 |  |  | 12,446 |
Accrued payroll and benefits | 6,068 |  |  | 14,514 |
Accrued interest | 6,677 |  |  | 6,343 |
Deferred revenue | 13,699 |  |  | 17,802 |
Distribution payable, Timber Funds | 5,464 |  |  | 6,341 |
Other current liabilities | 24,782 |  |  | 25,863 |
Total current liabilities | 92,662 |  |  | 231,721 |
LONG-TERM DEBT, NET, (NOTE 6) | 1,243,673 |  |  | 1,242,819 |
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (NOTE 16) | 10,201 |  |  | 10,478 |
LONG-TERM LEASE LIABILITY | 95,543 |  |  | 93,416 |
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES | 99,907 |  |  | 108,521 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTES 9 and 10) |  |  |
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP (NOTE 4) | 136,239 |  |  | 133,823 |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Common Shares, 480,000,000 shares authorized,146,107,688 and 145,372,961 shares issued and outstanding | 1,421,946 |  |  | 1,389,073 |
Retained earnings | 389,077 |  |  | 402,307 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 18) | 25,973 |  |  | (19,604) |
TOTAL RAYONIER INC. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 1,836,996 |  |  | 1,771,776 |
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (Note 4) | 44,643 |  |  | 43,802 |
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 1,881,639 |  |  | 1,815,578 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $3,559,864 |  |  | $3,636,356 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

| Common Shares |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates |  | Shareholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance, January 1, 2022 | 145,372,961 |  |  | $1,389,073 |  |  | $402,307 |  |  | ($19,604) |  |  | $43,802 |  |  | $1,815,578 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,012 |  |  | 30,998 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | (669) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (669) |
Dividends ($0.27 per share) (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39,902) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39,902) |
Issuance of shares under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $339 | 726,248 |  |  | 29,771 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,771 |
Issuance of shares under incentive stock plans | 11,364 |  |  | 415 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 2,797 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,797 |
Repurchase of common shares | (5,420) |  |  | (214) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (214) |
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,645) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,645) |
Conversion of units into common shares | 2,535 |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,668 |  |  | 790 |  |  | 6,458 |
Cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,822 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 40,427 |
Allocation of other comprehensive income to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (101) |  |  | — |  |  | (101) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,566) |  |  | (1,566) |
Balance, March 31, 2022 | 146,107,688 |  |  | $1,421,946 |  |  | $389,077 |  |  | $25,973 |  |  | $44,643 |  |  | $1,881,639 |

(a)For information regarding distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership, see the Rayonier Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Note 4 — Noncontrolling Interests.
3

Table of Contents
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

| Common Shares |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates |  | Shareholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance, January 1, 2021 | 137,678,822 |  |  | $1,101,675 |  |  | $446,267 |  |  | ($73,885) |  |  | $388,588 |  |  | $1,862,645 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,189 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,843 |  |  | 15,032 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | (341) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (341) |
Dividends ($0.27 per share) (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (37,532) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (37,532) |
Issuance of shares under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $197 | 1,107,814 |  |  | 36,708 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,708 |
Issuance of shares under incentive stock plans | 39,140 |  |  | 1,166 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,166 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,156 |
Repurchase of common shares | (5,020) |  |  | (155) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (155) |
Measurement period adjustment of noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 655 |  |  | 655 |
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,867) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,867) |
Conversion of units into common shares | 150,134 |  |  | 4,715 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,715 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,652) |  |  | (2,636) |  |  | (14,288) |
Cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,628 |  |  | (627) |  |  | 61,001 |
Allocation of other comprehensive income to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,531) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,531) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,737) |  |  | (8,737) |
Balance, March 31, 2021 | 138,970,890 |  |  | $1,146,265 |  |  | $407,716 |  |  | ($25,146) |  |  | $381,086 |  |  | $1,909,921 |

(a)For information regarding distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership, see the Rayonier Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Note 4 — Noncontrolling Interests.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $30,998 |  |  | $15,032 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 47,419 |  |  | 45,213 |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development | 5,359 |  |  | 1,813 |
Stock-based incentive compensation expense | 2,797 |  |  | 2,156 |
Deferred income taxes | (8,014) |  |  | (1,128) |
Amortization of losses from pension and postretirement plans | 188 |  |  | 294 |
Other | (2,244) |  |  | (3,681) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Receivables | (27,837) |  |  | (3,697) |
Inventories | (4,875) |  |  | (3,512) |
Accounts payable | 7,376 |  |  | 6,684 |
All other operating activities | (1,500) |  |  | (5,306) |
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES | 49,667 |  |  | 53,868 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (15,597) |  |  | (15,831) |
Real estate development investments | (3,137) |  |  | (3,011) |
Purchase of timberlands | (2,830) |  |  | (29,938) |
Other | 2,619 |  |  | 4,356 |
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (18,945) |  |  | (44,424) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Issuance of debt | 404,018 |  |  | — |
Repayment of debt | (526,948) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid on common shares | (39,444) |  |  | (37,490) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | (895) |  |  | (1,155) |
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under incentive stock plan | 579 |  |  | 1,166 |
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under the “at-the-market” (ATM) equity offering program, net of commissions and offering costs | 30,918 |  |  | 32,545 |
Repurchase of common shares to pay withholding taxes on vested incentive stock awards | (214) |  |  | (155) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | (2,684) |  |  | (8,737) |
CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (134,670) |  |  | (13,826) |
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH | 620 |  |  | (5) |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH |  |  |
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (103,328) |  |  | (4,387) |
Balance, beginning of year | 369,139 |  |  | 87,482 |
Balance, end of period | $265,811 |  |  | $83,095 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
Cash paid during the period: |  |  |
Interest (a) | $3,935 |  |  | $2,945 |
Income taxes | 14,042 |  |  | 4,838 |
Non-cash investing activity: |  |  |
Capital assets purchased on account | 4,511 |  |  | 4,814 |

(a)Interest paid is presented net of patronage paymen ts received of $5.5 million a n d $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. For additional information on patronage payments, see Note 10 — Debt in the 2021 Form 10-K.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Table of Contents
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
SALES (NOTE 3) |  |  |  |  | $222,041 |  |  | $191,447 |
Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  | (160,979) |  |  | (151,378) |
Selling and general expenses |  |  |  |  | (14,760) |  |  | (14,032) |
Other operating (expense) income, net (Note 15) |  |  |  |  | (984) |  |  | 2,448 |
|  |  |  |  | (176,723) |  |  | (162,962) |
OPERATING INCOME |  |  |  |  | 45,318 |  |  | 28,485 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (8,337) |  |  | (10,028) |
Interest and other miscellaneous expense, net |  |  |  |  | (468) |  |  | (4) |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  |  |  |  | 36,513 |  |  | 18,453 |
Income tax expense (Note 17) |  |  |  |  | (5,515) |  |  | (3,421) |
NET INCOME |  |  |  |  | 30,998 |  |  | 15,032 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | (3,843) |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER, L.P. UNITHOLDERS |  |  |  |  | 29,986 |  |  | 11,189 |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax effect of $0 and $0 |  |  |  |  | 6,458 |  |  | (14,288) |
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect of $1,022 and $1,059 |  |  |  |  | 40,427 |  |  | 61,001 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement plans, net of income tax expense of $0 and $0 |  |  |  |  | 188 |  |  | 294 |
Total other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | 47,073 |  |  | 47,007 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |  |  | 78,071 |  |  | 62,039 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (2,408) |  |  | (580) |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER, L.P. UNITHOLDERS |  |  |  |  | $75,663 |  |  | $61,459 |
EARNINGS PER UNIT (NOTE 5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P. |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |
Diluted earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P. |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Table of Contents
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents, excluding Timber Funds | $256,537 |  |  | $358,680 |
Cash and cash equivalents, Timber Funds | 3,185 |  |  | 3,493 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 259,722 |  |  | 362,173 |
Restricted cash, Timber Funds (Note 19) | 5,464 |  |  | 6,341 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $66 and $59 | 52,906 |  |  | 30,018 |
Inventory (Note 14) | 33,290 |  |  | 28,523 |
Prepaid expenses | 20,088 |  |  | 18,528 |
Assets held for sale (Note 20) | 2,466 |  |  | 5,099 |
Other current assets | 1,162 |  |  | 749 |
Total current assets | 375,098 |  |  | 451,431 |
TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION | 2,869,194 |  |  | 2,894,996 |
HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS (NOTE 13) | 111,445 |  |  | 106,878 |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT |  |  |
Land | 6,400 |  |  | 6,401 |
Buildings | 31,198 |  |  | 31,168 |
Machinery and equipment | 6,497 |  |  | 6,494 |
Construction in progress | 510 |  |  | 460 |
Total property, plant and equipment, gross | 44,605 |  |  | 44,523 |
Less — accumulated depreciation | (15,699) |  |  | (14,900) |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | 28,906 |  |  | 29,623 |
RESTRICTED CASH, EXCLUDING TIMBER FUNDS (NOTE 19) | 625 |  |  | 625 |
RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS | 104,183 |  |  | 101,837 |
OTHER ASSETS | 70,413 |  |  | 50,966 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $3,559,864 |  |  | $3,636,356 |
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS AND CAPITAL
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |
Accounts payable | $31,131 |  |  | $23,447 |
Current maturities of long-term debt, net, (Note 6) | 2,087 |  |  | 124,965 |
Accrued taxes | 2,754 |  |  | 12,446 |
Accrued payroll and benefits | 6,068 |  |  | 14,514 |
Accrued interest | 6,677 |  |  | 6,343 |
Deferred revenue | 13,699 |  |  | 17,802 |
Distribution payable, Timber Funds | 5,464 |  |  | 6,341 |
Other current liabilities | 24,782 |  |  | 25,863 |
Total current liabilities | 92,662 |  |  | 231,721 |
LONG-TERM DEBT, NET, (NOTE 6) | 1,243,673 |  |  | 1,242,819 |
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (NOTE 16) | 10,201 |  |  | 10,478 |
LONG-TERM LEASE LIABILITY | 95,543 |  |  | 93,416 |
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES | 99,907 |  |  | 108,521 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTES 9 and 10) |  |  |
REDEEMABLE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS (NOTE 4) 3,313,206 and 3,315,741 Units outstanding, respectively | 136,239 |  |  | 133,823 |
CAPITAL |  |  |
General partners’ capital | 18,068 |  |  | 17,872 |
Limited partners’ capital | 1,788,713 |  |  | 1,769,367 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 18) | 30,215 |  |  | (15,463) |
TOTAL CONTROLLING INTEREST CAPITAL | 1,836,996 |  |  | 1,771,776 |
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (Note 4) | 44,643 |  |  | 43,802 |
TOTAL CAPITAL | 1,881,639 |  |  | 1,815,578 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS AND CAPITAL | $3,559,864 |  |  | $3,636,356 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

Table of Contents
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

| Units |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates |  | Total Capital |  |
|  | General Partners’ Capital |  | Limited Partners’ Capital |  |  |
Balance, January 1, 2022 |  | $17,872 |  |  | $1,769,367 |  |  | ($15,463) |  |  | $43,802 |  |  | $1,815,578 |  |  |
Net income |  | 300 |  |  | 29,686 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,012 |  |  | 30,998 |  |  |
Distributions on units ($0.27 per unit) |  | (408) |  |  | (40,388) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40,796) |  |  |
Issuance of units under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $339 |  | 298 |  |  | 29,473 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,771 |  |  |
Issuance of units under incentive stock plans |  | 4 |  |  | 411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | 28 |  |  | 2,769 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,797 |  |  |
Repurchase of units |  | (2) |  |  | (212) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (214) |  |  |
Adjustment of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units |  | (25) |  |  | (2,496) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,521) |  |  |
Conversion of units into common shares |  | 1 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  |
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,668 |  |  | 790 |  |  | 6,458 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,822 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 40,427 |  |  |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,566) |  |  | (1,566) |  |  |
Balance, March 31, 2022 |  | $18,068 |  |  | $1,788,713 |  |  | $30,215 |  |  | $44,643 |  |  | $1,881,639 |  |  |

| Units |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates |  | Total Capital
| General Partners’ Capital |  | Limited Partners’ Capital |
Balance, January 1, 2021 | $15,454 |  |  | $1,529,948 |  |  | ($71,345) |  |  | $388,588 |  |  | $1,862,645 |
Net income | 112 |  |  | 11,077 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,843 |  |  | 15,032 |
Distributions on units ($0.27 per unit) | (387) |  |  | (38,300) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (38,687) |
Issuance of shares under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $197 | 367 |  |  | 36,341 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,708 |
Issuance of units under incentive stock plans | 12 |  |  | 1,154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,166 |
Stock-based compensation | 22 |  |  | 2,134 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,156 |
Repurchase of units | (2) |  |  | (153) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (155) |
Adjustment of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units | (126) |  |  | (12,458) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,584) |
Conversion of units into common shares | 47 |  |  | 4,668 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,715 |
Measurement period adjustment of noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 655 |  |  | 655 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,652) |  |  | (2,636) |  |  | (14,288) |
Cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,628 |  |  | (627) |  |  | 61,001 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,737) |  |  | (8,737) |
Balance, March 31, 2021 | $15,499 |  |  | $1,534,411 |  |  | ($21,075) |  |  | $381,086 |  |  | $1,909,921 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

Table of Contents
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $30,998 |  |  | $15,032 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 47,419 |  |  | 45,213 |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development | 5,359 |  |  | 1,813 |
Stock-based incentive compensation expense | 2,797 |  |  | 2,156 |
Deferred income taxes | (8,014) |  |  | (1,128) |
Amortization of losses from pension and postretirement plans | 188 |  |  | 294 |
Other | (2,244) |  |  | (3,681) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Receivables | (27,837) |  |  | (3,697) |
Inventories | (4,875) |  |  | (3,512) |
Accounts payable | 7,376 |  |  | 6,684 |
All other operating activities | (1,500) |  |  | (5,306) |
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES | 49,667 |  |  | 53,868 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (15,597) |  |  | (15,831) |
Real estate development investments | (3,137) |  |  | (3,011) |
Purchase of timberlands | (2,830) |  |  | (29,938) |
Other | 2,619 |  |  | 4,356 |
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (18,945) |  |  | (44,424) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Issuance of debt | 404,018 |  |  | — |
Repayment of debt | (526,948) |  |  | — |
Distributions on units | (40,339) |  |  | (38,645) |
Proceeds from the issuance of units under incentive stock plan | 579 |  |  | 1,166 |
Proceeds from the issuance of units under the “at-the-market” (ATM) equity offering program, net of commissions and offering costs | 30,918 |  |  | 32,545 |
Repurchase of units to pay withholding taxes on vested incentive stock awards | (214) |  |  | (155) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | (2,684) |  |  | (8,737) |
CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (134,670) |  |  | (13,826) |
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH | 620 |  |  | (5) |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH |  |  |
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (103,328) |  |  | (4,387) |
Balance, beginning of year | 369,139 |  |  | 87,482 |
Balance, end of period | $265,811 |  |  | $83,095 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
Cash paid during the period: |  |  |
Interest (a) | $3,935 |  |  | $2,945 |
Income taxes | 14,042 |  |  | 4,838 |
Non-cash investing activity: |  |  |
Capital assets purchased on account | 4,511 |  |  | 4,814 |

(a)Interest paid is presented net of patronage paymen ts received of $5.5 million an d $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. For additional information on patronage payments, see Note 10 — Debt in the 2021 Form 10-K.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
9

Table of Contents
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Rayonier Inc. and its subsidiaries and Rayonier, L.P. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. year-end balance sheet information was derived from audited financial statements not included herein. In the opinion of management, these financial statements and notes reflect any adjustments (all of which are normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. These statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and supplementary data included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC (the “2021 Form 10-K”).
As of March 31, 2022, the Company owned a 97.8% interest in the Operating Partnership, with the remaining 2.2% interest owned by limited partners of the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Rayonier Inc. has exclusive control of the day-to-day management of the Operating Partnership.
SUMMARY OF UPDATES TO SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
For a full description of our other significant accounting policies, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our 2021 Form 10-K.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which provides optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting due to reference rate reform. ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. We have elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. We continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt–Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging–Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The pronouncement eliminates the requirement that contracts legally permitting settlement in registered shares be classified as temporary equity. As a result, Redeemable Operating Partnership Units may be classified as permanent partners’ capital in the Operating Partnership’s accompanying balance sheets and the related noncontrolling interest as permanent equity in the accompanying balance sheets of Rayonier, Inc. However, the corresponding SEC guidance on equity classification has remained unchanged. We will continue to monitor any developments in this area and may reclassify the temporary partners’ capital and noncontrolling interest to permanent upon agreement in guidance.
Recent accounting pronouncements adopted or pending adoption not discussed above are either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On April 1, 2022, the New Zealand subsidiary made a capital distribution to its partners on a pro rata basis in order to redeem certain equity interests, which was reinvested by the partners in shareholder loans to the New Zealand subsidiary. Our capital distribution and portion of the shareholder loan are eliminated in consolidation. The
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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
capital distribution to the minority shareholder and its reinvestment in the shareholder loan resulted in the recording of a loan payable by the New Zealand subsidiary in the amount of $27.9 million due in 2027 at a fixed rate of 6.48%.
2. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
Sales between operating segments are made based on estimated fair market value, and intercompany sales, purchases and profits (losses) are eliminated in consolidation. We evaluate financial performance based on segment operating income and Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”). Asset information is not reported by segment, as we do not produce asset information by segment internally.
Operating income as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is equal to segment income. Certain income (loss) items in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are not allocated to segments. These items, which include interest income (expense), miscellaneous income (expense) and income tax expense, are not considered by management to be part of segment operations and are included under “unallocated interest expense and other.”
The following tables summarize the segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
SALES |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  | $76,763 |  |  | $51,677 |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  | 46,281 |  |  | 41,522 |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  | 51,389 |  |  | 57,579 |
Timber Funds (a) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 14,939 |
Real Estate |  |  |  |  | 34,195 |  |  | 10,504 |
Trading |  |  |  |  | 13,461 |  |  | 16,665 |
Intersegment Eliminations (b) |  |  |  |  | (48) |  |  | (1,439) |
Total |  |  |  |  | $222,041 |  |  | $191,447 |

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2021 includes $11.9 million of sales attributable to noncontrolling interests in Timber Funds.
(b)Primarily consists of the elimination of timberland investment management fees paid to us by the timber funds, which were initially recognized as sales and cost of sales within the Timber Funds segment, as well as log marketing fees paid to our Trading segment from our Southern Timber and Pacific Northwest Timber segments for marketing log export sales.

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
OPERATING INCOME |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  | $30,342 |  |  | $17,347 |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  | 6,606 |  |  | 1,350 |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  | 5,392 |  |  | 13,944 |
Timber Funds (a) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,501 |
Real Estate |  |  |  |  | 10,181 |  |  | 1,687 |
Trading |  |  |  |  | 351 |  |  | 244 |
Corporate and Other |  |  |  |  | (7,554) |  |  | (7,588) |
Total Operating Income |  |  |  |  | 45,318 |  |  | 28,485 |
Unallocated interest expense and other |  |  |  |  | (8,805) |  |  | (10,032) |
Total Income before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  | $36,513 |  |  | $18,453 |

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2021 includes $1.1 million of operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in Timber Funds.
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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  | $18,059 |  |  | $14,359 |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  | 14,916 |  |  | 16,284 |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  | 4,989 |  |  | 7,250 |
Timber Funds (a) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 5,500 |
Real Estate |  |  |  |  | 9,145 |  |  | 1,557 |
Corporate and Other |  |  |  |  | 310 |  |  | 263 |
Total |  |  |  |  | $47,419 |  |  | $45,213 |

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2021 includes $4.9 million of depreciation, depletion and amortization attributable to noncontrolling interests in Timber Funds.

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
NON-CASH COST OF LAND AND IMPROVED DEVELOPMENT |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Real Estate |  |  |  |  | $5,359 |  |  | $1,813 |
Total |  |  |  |  | $5,359 |  |  | $1,813 |

3. REVENUE
PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS
We recognize revenue when control of promised goods or services (“performance obligations”) is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those goods or services (“transaction price”). We generally satisfy performance obligations within a year of entering into a contract and therefore have applied the disclosure exemption found under ASC 606-10-50-14. Unsatisfied performance obligations as of March 31, 2022 are primarily due to advances on stumpage contracts, unearned license revenue and post-closing obligations on real estate sales. These performance obligations are expected to be satisfied within the next twelve months. We generally collect payment within a year of satisfying performance obligations and therefore have elected not to adjust revenues for a financing component.
CONTRACT BALANCES
The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collections results in accounts receivable and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounts receivable are recorded when we have an unconditional right to consideration for completed performance under the contract. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.
The following table summarizes revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue recognized from contract liability balance at the beginning of the year (a) |  |  |  |  | $7,533 |  |  | $5,920 |

(a) Revenue recognized was primarily from hunting licenses and the use of advances on pay-as-cut timber sales.
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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by product type for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

Three Months Ended | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Real Estate |  | Trading |  |  |  | Elim. |  | Total
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pulpwood | $37,611 |  |  | $2,918 |  |  | $7,595 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $1,525 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | $49,649 |
Sawtimber | 27,516 |  |  | 42,215 |  |  | 42,100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,538 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 123,369 |
Hardwood | 5,849 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 5,849 |
Total Timber Sales | 70,976 |  |  | 45,133 |  |  | 49,695 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,063 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 178,867 |
License Revenue, Primarily From Hunting | 4,688 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4,866 |
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue | 1,099 |  |  | 1,032 |  |  | 1,632 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,763 |
Agency Fee Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |
Total Non-Timber Sales | 5,787 |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | 1,694 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 8,979 |
Improved Development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4,966 |
Rural | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,950 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 16,950 |
Timberland & Non-Strategic | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,400 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 11,400 |
Deferred Revenue/Other (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 636 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 636 |
Total Real Estate Sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,952 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 33,952 |
Revenue from Contracts with Customers | 76,763 |  |  | 46,281 |  |  | 51,389 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,952 |  |  | 13,413 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 221,798 |
Lease Revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 243 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 243 |
Intersegment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |
Total Revenue | $76,763 |  |  | $46,281 |  |  | $51,389 |  |  | — |  |  | $34,195 |  |  | $13,461 |  |  |  |  | ($48) |  |  | $222,041 |
Three Months Ended | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Real Estate |  | Trading |  |  |  | Elim. |  | Total
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pulpwood | $21,856 |  |  | $2,495 |  |  | $9,542 |  |  | $260 |  |  | — |  |  | $1,835 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | $35,988 |
Sawtimber | 21,963 |  |  | 37,758 |  |  | 47,792 |  |  | 13,308 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,389 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 135,210 |
Hardwood | 405 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 405 |
Total Timber Sales | 44,224 |  |  | 40,253 |  |  | 57,334 |  |  | 13,568 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,224 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 171,603 |
License Revenue, Primarily from Hunting | 4,417 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4,569 |
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue | 3,036 |  |  | 1,178 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4,415 |
Agency Fee Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 356 |
Total Non-Timber Sales | 7,453 |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 356 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 9,340 |
Improved Development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 252 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 252 |
Rural | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,765 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 9,765 |
Deferred Revenue/Other (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |
Total Real Estate Sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,272 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 10,272 |
Revenue from Contracts with Customers | 51,677 |  |  | 41,522 |  |  | 57,579 |  |  | 13,585 |  |  | 10,272 |  |  | 16,580 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 191,215 |
Lease Revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |
Intersegment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  |  |  | (1,439) |  |  | — |
Total Revenue | $51,677 |  |  | $41,522 |  |  | $57,579 |  |  | $14,939 |  |  | $10,504 |  |  | $16,665 |  |  |  |  | ($1,439) |  |  | $191,447 |

(a) Includes deferred revenue adjustments, revenue true-ups and marketing fees related to Improved Development sales.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
The following tables present our timber sales disaggregated by contract type for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

Three Months Ended | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Trading |  |  |  | Total
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut | $36,206 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $36,206 |
Stumpage Lump Sum | — |  |  | 5,388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,388 |
Total Stumpage | 36,206 |  |  | 5,388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 41,594 |
Delivered Wood (Domestic) | 32,128 |  |  | 39,446 |  |  | 13,481 |  |  | — |  |  | 625 |  |  |  |  | 85,680 |
Delivered Wood (Export) | 2,642 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 36,214 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,438 |  |  |  |  | 51,593 |
Total Delivered | 34,770 |  |  | 39,745 |  |  | 49,695 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,063 |  |  |  |  | 137,273 |
Total Timber Sales | $70,976 |  |  | $45,133 |  |  | $49,695 |  |  | — |  |  | $13,063 |  |  |  |  | $178,867 |
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut | $21,257 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $21,257 |
Stumpage Lump Sum | 3 |  |  | 6,131 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 6,134 |
Total Stumpage | 21,260 |  |  | 6,131 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 27,391 |
Delivered Wood (Domestic) | 18,059 |  |  | 34,122 |  |  | 17,106 |  |  | 13,568 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  |  |  | 83,946 |
Delivered Wood (Export) | 4,905 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,133 |  |  |  |  | 60,266 |
Total Delivered | 22,964 |  |  | 34,122 |  |  | 57,334 |  |  | 13,568 |  |  | 16,224 |  |  |  |  | 144,212 |
Total Timber Sales | $44,224 |  |  | $40,253 |  |  | $57,334 |  |  | $13,568 |  |  | $16,224 |  |  |  |  | $171,603 |

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
4. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES
Matariki Forestry Group
We maintain a 77% controlling financial interest in Matariki Forestry Group (the “New Zealand subsidiary”), a joint venture that owns or leases approximately 419,000 legal acres of New Zealand timberland. Accordingly, we consolidate the New Zealand subsidiary’s balance sheet and results of operations. Income attributable to the New Zealand subsidiary’s 23% noncontrolling interests is reflected as an adjustment to income in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income under the caption “Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates.” Rayonier New Zealand Limited (“RNZ”), a wholly-owned subsidiary, serves as the manager of the New Zealand subsidiary.
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership relate to the third-party ownership of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units. Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is computed by applying the weighted average Redeemable Operating Partnership Units outstanding during the period as a percentage of the weighted average total units outstanding to the Operating Partnership’s net income for the period. If a noncontrolling unitholder redeems a unit for a registered common share of Rayonier or cash, the noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership will be reduced and the Company’s share in the Operating Partnership will be increased by the fair value of each security at the time of redemption.
The following table sets forth the Company’s noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | $133,823 |  |  | $130,121 |
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | 11,867 |
Conversions of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units to Common Shares |  |  |  |  | (104) |  |  | (4,715) |
Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | 669 |  |  | 341 |
Other Comprehensive Income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | 101 |  |  | 1,531 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | (895) |  |  | (1,155) |
Total noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | $136,239 |  |  | $137,990 |

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
5. EARNINGS PER SHARE AND PER UNIT
The following table provides details of the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share of the Company:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Earnings per common share - basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | $30,998 |  |  | $15,032 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | (669) |  |  | (341) |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | (3,843) |
Net income attributable to Rayonier Inc. |  |  |  |  | $29,317 |  |  | $10,848 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 145,430,171 |  |  | 137,870,821 |
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Rayonier Inc.: |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |
Earnings per common share - diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | $30,998 |  |  | $15,032 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | (3,843) |
Net income attributable to Rayonier Inc., before net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | $29,986 |  |  | $11,189 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 145,430,171 |  |  | 137,870,821 |
Add: Dilutive effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  |  |  |  | 7,229 |  |  | 4,051 |
Performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | 794,892 |  |  | 353,131 |
Noncontrolling interests in operating partnership units |  |  |  |  | 3,314,784 |  |  | 4,330,794 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 149,547,076 |  |  | 142,558,797 |
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Rayonier Inc.: |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | 254 |  |  | 194,256 |
Total |  |  |  |  | 254 |  |  | 194,256 |

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
The following table provides details of the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per unit of the Operating Partnership:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Earnings per unit - basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | $30,998 |  |  | $15,032 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | (3,843) |
Net income available to unitholders |  |  |  |  | $29,986 |  |  | $11,189 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per unit - weighted average units |  |  |  |  | 148,744,955 |  |  | 142,201,615 |
Basic earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P.: |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |
Earnings per unit - diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | $30,998 |  |  | $15,032 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1,012) |  |  | (3,843) |
Net income available to unitholders |  |  |  |  | $29,986 |  |  | $11,189 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per unit - weighted average units |  |  |  |  | 148,744,955 |  |  | 142,201,615 |
Add: Dilutive effect of unit equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  |  |  |  | 7,229 |  |  | 4,051 |
Performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | 794,892 |  |  | 353,131 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per unit - adjusted weighted average units |  |  |  |  | 149,547,076 |  |  | 142,558,797 |
Diluted earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P.: |  |  |  |  | $0.20 |  |  | $0.08 |

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Anti-dilutive unit equivalents excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per unit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | 254 |  |  | 194,256 |
Total |  |  |  |  | 254 |  |  | 194,256 |

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
6. DEBT
Our debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2022:

| March 31, 2022
Debt |
Term Credit Agreement borrowings due 2028 at a variable interest rate of 1.9% at March 31, 2022 (a) | $350,000 |
Senior Notes due 2031 at a fixed interest rate of 2.75% | 450,000 |
Incremental Term Loan Agreement borrowings due 2026 at a variable interest rate of 1.9% at March 31, 2022 (b) | 200,000 |
2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility Borrowings due 2029 at a variable interest rate of 1.8% at March 31, 2022 (c) | 200,000 |
New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interests shareholder loan due 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 2.95% (d) | 24,005 |
New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interests shareholder loan due 2026 at a fixed interest rate of 3.64% (d) | 28,006 |
New Zealand Working Capital Facility due 2022 at a variable interest rate of 2.1% at March 31, 2022 | 2,087 |
Total principal debt | 1,254,098 |
Less: Unamortized discounts | (3,346) |
Less: Current maturities of long-term debt | (2,087) |
Less: Deferred financing costs | (4,992) |
Total long-term debt | $1,243,673 |

(a) As of March 31, 2022, the periodic interest rate on the term credit agreement (the “Term Credit Agreement”) was LIBOR plus 1.600%. We estimate the effective fixed interest rate on the term loan facility to be approximately 3.0% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds.
(b) As of March 31, 2022, the periodic interest rate on the incremental term loan (the “Incremental Term Loan Agreement”) was LIBOR plus 1.650%. We estimate the effective fixed interest rate on the incremental term loan facility to be approximately 2.4% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds.
(c) As of March 31, 2022, the periodic interest rate on the 2021 incremental term loan (the “2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility”) was LIBOR plus 1.550%. We estimate the effective fixed interest rate on the incremental term loan facility to be approximately 1.5% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds.
(d) Except for changes in the New Zealand foreign exchange rate, there have been no adjustments to the carrying value of the shareholder loans since inception.
Principal payments due during the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

|  |  | Total
2022 |  |  | $2,087 |
2023 |  |  | — |
2024 |  |  | — |
2025 |  |  | 24,005 |
2026 |  |  | 228,006 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,000,000 |
Total Debt |  |  | $1,254,098 |

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
2022 DEBT ACTIVITY
U.S. Debt
On January 3, 2022, we drew $200.0 million on our Revolving Credit Facility. On January 4, 2022, we repaid the $325.0 million Senior Notes due 2022 with $125.0 million of cash and the $200.0 million previously drawn on the Revolving Credit Facility. We then made a $200.0 million draw on our 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility and simultaneously repaid the outstanding principal on our Revolving Credit Facility. The periodic interest rate on the 2021 Incremental Term Loan agreement is subject to a pricing grid based on our leverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement. As of March 31, 2022, the periodic interest rate on the 2021 Incremental Term Loan is LIBOR plus 1.55%. Monthly payments of interest only are due on this loan through maturity.
On February 1, 2022, our $200.0 million notional forward-starting interest rate swap matured into an active interest rate swap. This interest rate swap will fix the cost of the 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility over its seven-year term. We estimate the effective interest rate on the 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility to be approximately 1.5% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds.
At March 31, 2022, we had available borrowings of $299.1 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, net of $0.9 million to secure our outstanding letters of credit.
New Zealand Debt
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the New Zealand subsidiary made $2.1 million of borrowings, net of repayments and changes in exchange rates, on its working capital facility (the “New Zealand Working Capital Facility”). At March 31, 2022, the New Zealand subsidiary had NZ$17.0 million of available borrowings under its working capital facility.
Subsequent Event
In April 2022, the New Zealand subsidiary recorded a noncontrolling interest share redemption and loan payable in the amount of $27.9 million. The shareholder loan is due in 2027 at a fixed rate of 6.48%. See Note 1 — Basis of Presentation for more information regarding subsequent events related to the New Zealand subsidiary.
DEBT COVENANTS
In connection with our $350 million Term Credit Agreement, $200 million Incremental Term Loan Agreement, $200 million 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility and $300 million Revolving Credit Facility, customary covenants must be met, the most significant of which include interest coverage and leverage ratios.
The covenants listed below, which are the most significant financial covenants in effect as of March 31, 2022, are calculated on a trailing 12-month basis:

| Covenant Requirement |  | Actual Ratio |  | Favorable
Covenant EBITDA to consolidated interest expense should not be less than | 2.5 to 1 |  | 13.6 to 1 |  | 11.1
Covenant debt to covenant net worth plus covenant debt shall not exceed | 65 | % |  | 40 | % |  | 25 | %

In addition to these financial covenants listed above, the Senior Notes due 2031, Term Credit Agreement, Incremental Term Loan Agreement, 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility, and Revolving Credit Facility include customary covenants that limit the incurrence of debt and the disposition of assets, among others. At March 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
We are exposed to market risk related to potential fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We use derivative financial instruments to mitigate the financial impact of exposure to these risks.
Accounting for derivative financial instruments is governed by ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). In accordance with ASC 815, we record our derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the instruments’ fair value are accounted for based on their intended use. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for cash flow hedge accounting are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction materializes. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for net investment hedge accounting are recorded as a component of AOCI and will not be reclassified into earnings until the investment is partially or completely liquidated. The changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and those which are no longer effective as hedging instruments, are recognized immediately in earnings.
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE AND OPTION CONTRACTS
The New Zealand subsidiary’s export sales are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore its cash flows are affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the New Zealand dollar and the U.S. dollar. This exposure is partially managed by a natural currency hedge, as ocean freight payments and shareholder distributions are also paid in U.S. dollars. We manage any excess foreign exchange exposure through the use of derivative financial instruments. The New Zealand subsidiary typically hedges 50% to 90% of its estimated foreign currency exposure with respect to the following twelve months forecasted sales and purchases, less distributions, and up to 75% of the forward 12 to 18 months. Additionally, the New Zealand subsidiary will occasionally hedge up to 50% of its estimated foreign currency exposure with respect to the following 18 to 48 months forecasted sales and purchases, less distributions, when the New Zealand dollar is at a cyclical low versus the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency exposure from the New Zealand subsidiary’s trading operations is typically hedged based on the following three months forecasted sales and purchases. As of March 31, 2022, foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency option contracts had maturity dates through February 2024 and December 2023, respectively.
Foreign currency exchange and option contracts hedging foreign currency risk on export sales and ocean freight payments qualify for cash flow hedge accounting. We may de-designate these cash flow hedge relationships in advance or at the occurrence of the forecasted transaction. The portion of gains or losses on the derivative instrument previously accumulated in other comprehensive income for de-designated hedges remains in accumulated other comprehensive income until the forecasted transaction affects earnings. Changes in the value of derivative instruments after de-designation are recorded in earnings.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
INTEREST RATE PRODUCTS
We are exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on our variable-rate debt and on anticipated debt issuances. We use variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps and forward-starting interest rate swap agreements to hedge this exposure. For these derivative instruments, we report the gains/losses from the fluctuations in the fair market value of the hedges in AOCI and reclassify them to earnings as interest expense in the same period in which the hedged interest payments affect earnings.
To the extent we de-designate or terminate a cash flow hedging relationship and the associated hedged item continues to exist, any unrealized gain or loss of the cash flow hedge at the time of de-designation remains in AOCI and is amortized using the straight-line method through interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item. To the extent the associated hedged item is no longer effective, the gain or loss is reclassified out of AOCI to earnings immediately.
INTEREST RATE SWAPS
The following table contains information on the outstanding interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2022:

Outstanding Interest Rate Swaps (a)
Date Entered Into | Term | Notional Amount | Related Debt Facility | Fixed Rate of Swap | Bank Margin on Debt | Total Effective Interest Rate (b)
August 2015 | 9 years | $170,000 |  | Term Credit Agreement | 2.20 | % | 1.60 | % | 3.80 | %
August 2015 | 9 years | 180,000 |  | Term Credit Agreement | 2.35 | % | 1.60 | % | 3.95 | %
April 2016 | 10 years | 100,000 |  | Incremental Term Loan | 1.60 | % | 1.65 | % | 3.25 | %
April 2016 | 10 years | 100,000 |  | Incremental Term Loan | 1.60 | % | 1.65 | % | 3.25 | %
May 2021 (c)(d) | 7 years | 200,000 |  | 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility | 0.77 | % | 1.55 | % | 2.32 | %

(a)All interest rate swaps have been designated as interest rate cash flow hedges and qualify for hedge accounting.
(b)Rate is before estimated patronage payments.
(c)On February 1, 2022, our $200.0 million notional forward-starting interest rate swap matured into an active interest rate swap. See Note 6 - De bt for additional information.
(d)The $200.0 million notional interest rate swap contained an embedded mark-to-market gain, which we recovered through a reduced charge in the fixed rate over what would have been charged for an at-market swap.
FORWARD-STARTING INTEREST RATE SWAPS
The following table contains information on the outstanding forward-starting interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2022:

Outstanding Forward-Starting Interest Rate Swaps (a)
Date Entered Into | Term | Notional Amount | Fixed Rate of Swap | Related Debt Facility | Forward Date | Maximum Period Ending for Forecasted Issuance Date
April 2020 | 4 years | $100,000 |  | 0.88 | % | Term Credit Agreement | August 2024 | N/A
May 2020 | 4 years | 50,000 |  | 0.74 | % | Term Credit Agreement | August 2024 | N/A

(a) All forward-starting interest rate swaps have been designated as interest rate cash flow hedges and qualify for hedge accounting.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
The following tables demonstrate the impact, gross of tax, of our derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| Income Statement Location |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other comprehensive (loss) income |  | $3,514 |  |  | ($2,852) |
Foreign currency option contracts | Other comprehensive (loss) income |  | 136 |  |  | (929) |
Interest rate products | Other comprehensive (loss) income |  | 35,129 |  |  | 59,731 |
| Interest expense |  | 2,670 |  |  | 3,994 |

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,

During the next 12 months, the amount of the March 31, 2022 AOCI balance, net of tax, expected to be reclassified into earnings is a gain of approximately $0.3 million. The following table contains details of the expected reclassified amounts into earnings:

| Amount expected to be reclassified into earnings in next 12 months
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | $246 |
Interest rate products | 56 |
Total estimated gain on derivatives contracts | $302 |

The following table contains the notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

| Notional Amount |
| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | $149,500 |  |  | $149,250 |  |
Foreign currency option contracts | 14,000 |  |  | 14,000 |  |
Interest rate swaps | 750,000 |  |  | 550,000 |  |
Forward-starting interest rate swaps | 150,000 |  |  | 350,000 |  |

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
The following table contains the fair values of the derivative financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Changes in balances of derivative financial instruments are recorded as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

| Location on Balance Sheet |  | Fair Value Assets / (Liabilities) (a)
|  |  | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | Other current assets |  | $712 |  |  | $721 |
| Other assets |  | 1,241 |  |  | 86 |
| Other current liabilities |  | (369) |  |  | (2,061) |
| Other non-current liabilities |  | (18) |  |  | (694) |
Foreign currency option contracts | Other assets |  | 318 |  |  | 228 |
| Other non-current liabilities |  | (224) |  |  | (270) |
Interest rate swaps | Other assets |  | 26,912 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swaps | Other non-current liabilities |  | — |  |  | (15,582) |
Forward-starting interest rate swaps | Other assets |  | 6,699 |  |  | 11,482 |
Total derivative contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Other current assets |  |  | $712 |  |  | $721 |
Other assets |  |  | 35,170 |  |  | 11,796 |
Total derivative assets |  |  | $35,882 |  |  | $12,517 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | (369) |  |  | (2,061) |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | (242) |  |  | (16,546) |
Total derivative liabilities |  |  | ($611) |  |  | ($18,607) |

(a) See Note 8 — Fair Value Measurements for further information on the fair value of our derivatives including their classification within the fair value hierarchy.
OFFSETTING DERIVATIVES
Derivative financial instruments are presented at their gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our derivative financial instruments are not subject to master netting arrangements, which would allow the right of offset.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established in the Accounting Standards Codification as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, using market information and what we believe to be appropriate valuation methodologies under GAAP:

|  | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Asset (Liability) (a) |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2
Cash and cash equivalents, excluding Timber Funds |  | $256,537 |  |  | $256,537 |  |  | — |  |  | $358,680 |  |  | $358,680 |  |  | — |
Cash and cash equivalents, Timber Funds |  | 3,185 |  |  | 3,185 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,493 |  |  | 3,493 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash, Timber Funds (b) |  | 5,464 |  |  | 5,464 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,341 |  |  | 6,341 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds (c) |  | 625 |  |  | 625 |  |  | — |  |  | 625 |  |  | 625 |  |  | — |
Current maturities of long-term debt (d) |  | (2,087) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,087) |  |  | (124,965) |  |  | — |  |  | (125,288) |
Long-term debt (d) |  | (1,243,673) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,209,595) |  |  | (1,242,819) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,245,148) |
Interest rate swaps (e) |  | 26,912 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,912 |  |  | (15,582) |  |  | — |  |  | (15,582) |
Forward-starting interest rate swaps (e) |  | 6,699 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,699 |  |  | 11,482 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,482 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts (e) |  | 1,566 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,566 |  |  | (1,948) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,948) |
Foreign currency option contracts (e) |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | (42) |  |  | — |  |  | (42) |
Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership (f) |  | 136,239 |  |  | 136,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 133,823 |  |  | 133,823 |  |  | — |

(a)We did not have Level 3 assets or liabilities at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
(b)Restricted cash, Timber Funds represents the portion of proceeds from Fund II Timberland Dispositions required to be distributed to noncontrolling interests. See Note 19 — Restricted Cash for additional information.
(c)Restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds represents cash held in escrow. See Note 19 — Restricted Cash for additional information.
(d)The carrying amount of long-term debt is presented net of deferred financing costs and unamortized discounts on non-revolving debt. See Note 6 — Debt for additional information.
(e)See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for information regarding the Consolidated Balance Sheets classification of our derivative financial instruments.
(f)Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is neither an asset nor liability and is classified as temporary equity in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. This relates to the ownership of Rayonier, L.P. units by various individuals and entities other than the Company. See Note 4 — Noncontrolling Interests for additional information.
We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of our financial instruments:
Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash — The carrying amount is equal to fair market value.
Debt — The fair value of fixed rate debt is based upon quoted market prices for debt with similar terms and maturities. The variable rate debt adjusts with changes in the market rate, therefore the carrying value approximates fair value.
Interest rate swap agreements — The fair value of interest rate contracts is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows, for each instrument, at prevailing interest rates.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
Foreign currency exchange contracts — The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation, which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate.
Foreign currency option contracts — The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market calculation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership — The fair value of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is determined based on the period-end closing price of Rayonier Inc. common shares.
9. COMMITMENTS
At March 31, 2022, the future minimum payments under non-cancellable commitments were as follows:

| Environmental Remediation (a) |  | Development Projects (b) |  |  |  | Commitments (c) |  | Total
Remaining 2022 | $740 |  |  | $17,803 |  |  |  |  | $9,002 |  |  | $27,545 |
2023 | 3,873 |  |  | 3,239 |  |  |  |  | 11,174 |  |  | 18,286 |
2024 | 3,840 |  |  | 267 |  |  |  |  | 8,233 |  |  | 12,340 |
2025 | 1,036 |  |  | 267 |  |  |  |  | 4,494 |  |  | 5,797 |
2026 | 460 |  |  | 267 |  |  |  |  | 2,558 |  |  | 3,285 |
Thereafter | 1,374 |  |  | 3,944 |  |  |  |  | 3,306 |  |  | 8,624 |
| $11,323 |  |  | $25,787 |  |  |  |  | $38,767 |  |  | $75,877 |

(a)Environmental remediation represents our estimate of potential liability associated with environmental contamination and Natural Resource Damages (NRD) in Port Gamble, Washington. See Note 11 - Environmental and Natural Resource Damage Liabilities for additional information.
(b)Primarily consisting of payments expected to be made on our Wildlight and Heartwood development projects.
(c)Commitments include payments expected to be made on financial instruments (foreign exchange contracts, interest rate swaps and forward-starting interest rate swaps) and other purchase obligations.
10. CONTINGENCIES
We have been named as a defendant in various lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. While we have procured reasonable and customary insurance covering risks normally occurring in connection with our businesses, we have in certain cases retained some risk through the operation of large deductible insurance plans, primarily in the areas of executive risk, property, automobile and general liability. These pending lawsuits and claims, either individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
11. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE LIABILITIES
Various federal and state environmental laws in the states in which we operate place cleanup or restoration liability on the current and former owners of affected real estate. These laws are often a source of “strict liability,” meaning that an owner or operator need not necessarily have caused, or even been aware of, the release of contaminated materials. Similarly, there are certain environmental laws that allow state, federal, and tribal trustees (collectively, the “Trustees”) to bring suit against property owners to recover damage for injuries to natural resources. Like the liability that attaches to current property owners in the cleanup context, liability for natural resource damages (“NRD”) can attach to a property simply because an injury to natural resources resulted from releases of contaminated materials on or from the owner’s property, regardless of culpability for the release.
Changes in environmental and NRD liabilities from December 31, 2021 to March 31, 2022 are shown below:

| Port Gamble, WA
Non-current portion at December 31, 2021 | $10,110
Plus: Current portion | 695
Total Balance at December 31, 2021 | 10,805
Expenditures charged to liabilities | (136)
Increase to liabilities | 654
Total Balance at March 31, 2022 | 11,323
Less: Current portion | (774)
Non-current portion at March 31, 2022 | $10,549

It is expected that the upland mill site cleanup and NRD restoration will occur over the next two to three years, while the monitoring of Port Gamble Bay, mill site and landfills will continue for an additional 10 to 15 years. NRD costs are subject to change as the scope of the restoration projects become more clearly defined. It is reasonably possible that these components of the liability may increase as the project progresses. Management continues to monitor the Port Gamble cleanup process and will make adjustments as needed. Should any future circumstances result in a change to the estimated cost of the project, we will record an appropriate adjustment to the liability in the period it becomes known and when we can reasonably estimate the amount. For further information on the timing and amount of future payments related to our environmental remediation liabilities, see Note 9 - Commitments.
12. GUARANTEES
We provide financial guarantees as required by creditors, insurance programs, and various governmental agencies.
As of March 31, 2022, the following financial guarantees were outstanding:

Financial Commitments (a) |  | Maximum Potential Payment |  |
Standby letters of credit |  | $885 |  |  |
Surety bonds (b) |  | 23,920 |  |  |
Total financial commitments |  | $24,805 |  |  |

(a)We have not recorded any liabilities for these financial commitments in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The guarantees are not subject to measurement, as the guarantees are dependent on our own performance.
(b)Surety bonds are issued primarily to secure performance obligations related to various operational activities, to provide collateral for our Wildlight development project in Nassau County, Florida and in connection with pending and completed sales from the Harbor Hill project in Gig Harbor, Washington. These surety bonds expire at various dates during 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 and are expected to be renewed as required.
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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
13. HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS
We routinely assess potential alternative uses of our timberlands, as some properties may become more valuable for development, residential, recreation or other purposes. We periodically transfer, via a sale or contribution from the real estate investment trust (“REIT”) entities to taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), higher and better use (“HBU”) timberlands to enable land-use entitlement, development or marketing activities. We also acquire HBU properties in connection with timberland acquisitions. These properties are managed as timberlands until sold or developed. While the majority of HBU sales involve rural and recreational land, we also selectively pursue various land-use entitlements on certain properties for residential, commercial and industrial development in order to enhance the long-term value of such properties. For selected development properties, we also invest in targeted infrastructure improvements, such as roadways and utilities, to accelerate the marketability and improve the value of such properties.
Changes in higher and better use timberlands and real estate development investments from December 31, 2021 to March 31, 2022 are shown below:

| Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments
| Land and Timber |  | Development Investments |  | Total
Non-current portion at December 31, 2021 | $87,910 |  |  | $18,968 |  |  | $106,878 |
Plus: Current portion (a) | 718 |  |  | 24,022 |  |  | 24,740 |
Total Balance at December 31, 2021 | 88,628 |  |  | 42,990 |  |  | 131,618 |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development | (378) |  |  | (2,308) |  |  | (2,686) |
Amortization of parcel real estate development investments | — |  |  | (1,964) |  |  | (1,964) |
Timber depletion from harvesting activities and basis of timber sold in real estate sales | (445) |  |  | — |  |  | (445) |
Capitalized real estate development investments (b) | — |  |  | 4,435 |  |  | 4,435 |
Capital expenditures (silviculture) | 139 |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |
Intersegment transfers | 3,977 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,977 |
Total Balance at March 31, 2022 | 91,921 |  |  | 43,153 |  |  | 135,074 |
Less: Current portion (a) | (415) |  |  | (23,214) |  |  | (23,629) |
Non-current portion at March 31, 2022 | $91,506 |  |  | $19,939 |  |  | $111,445 |

(a)The current portion of Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments is recorded in Inventory. See Note 14 — Inventory for additional information.
(b)Capitalized real estate development investments include $0.2 million of capitalized interest and $1.3 million of parcel real estate development investments. Parcel real estate development investments represent investments made for specific lots and/or commercial parcels that are currently under contract or expected to be ready for market within a year.
14. INVENTORY
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our inventory consisted entirely of finished goods, as follows:

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Finished goods inventory |  |  |
Real estate inventory (a) | $23,629 |  |  | $24,740 |
Log inventory | 9,661 |  |  | 3,783 |
Total inventory | $33,290 |  |  | $28,523 |

(a)Represents the cost of HBU real estate (including capitalized development investments) under contract to be sold. See Note 13 — Higher And Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments for additional information.
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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
15. OTHER OPERATING (EXPENSE) INCOME, NET
Other operating (expense) income, net consisted of the following:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
(Loss) gain on foreign currency remeasurement, net of cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  | ($571) |  |  | $2,429 |
Gain on sale or disposal of property and equipment |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 90 |
Log trading marketing fees |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Equity (loss) income related to Bainbridge Landing LLC joint venture |  |  |  |  | (227) |  |  | 19 |
Miscellaneous expense, net |  |  |  |  | (211) |  |  | (96) |
Total |  |  |  |  | ($984) |  |  | $2,448 |

16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
We have one qualified non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering a portion of our employees and an unfunded plan that provides benefits in excess of amounts allowable under current tax law in the qualified plans. We closed enrollment in the pension plans to salaried employees hired after December 31, 2005. Effective December 31, 2016, we froze benefits for all employees participating in the pension plan. In lieu of the pension plan, we provide those employees with an enhanced 401(k) plan match similar to what is currently provided to employees hired after December 31, 2005. Employee benefit plan liabilities are calculated using actuarial estimates and management assumptions. These estimates are based on historical information, along with certain assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause the estimates to change.
We are not required to make mandatory 2022 pension contributions due to our plan’s improved funding status and have made no pension contribution payments during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
The net pension and postretirement benefit (credits) costs that have been recorded are shown in the following table:

Components of Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost | Income Statement Location |  | Pension |  | Postretirement
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Service cost | Selling and general expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $2 |  |  | $2 |
Interest cost | Interest and other miscellaneous expense, net |  | 609 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 11 |
Expected return on plan assets (a) | Interest and other miscellaneous expense, net |  | (872) |  |  | (936) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of losses | Interest and other miscellaneous expense, net |  | 184 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost |  |  | ($79) |  |  | ($91) |  |  | $19 |  |  | $18 |

Components of Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost | Income Statement Location |  | Pension |  | Postretirement

(a)The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in computing 2022 net periodic benefit cost for pension benefit s i s 5.0%.
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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
17. INCOME TAXES
Rayonier is a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and therefore generally does not pay U.S. federal or state income tax. As of March 31, 2022, Rayonier owns a 97.8% interest in the Operating Partnership and conducts substantially all of its timberland operations through the Operating Partnership. The taxable income or loss generated by the Operating Partnership is passed through and reported to its unit holders (including the Company) on a Schedule K-1 for inclusion in each unitholder’s income tax return.
Certain operations, including log trading and certain real estate activities, such as the entitlement, development and sale of HBU properties, are conducted through our TRS. The TRS subsidiaries are subject to United States federal and state corporate income tax. The New Zealand timber operations are conducted by the New Zealand subsidiary, which is subject to corporate-level tax at 28% in New Zealand and is treated as a partnership for U.S. income tax purposes.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
The Company’s tax expense is principally related to corporate-level tax in New Zealand and non-resident withholding tax on repatriation of earnings from New Zealand. The following table contains the income tax expense recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | ($5,515) |  |  | ($3,421) |

ANNUAL EFFECTIVE TAX RATE
The Company’s 2022 effective tax rate after discrete items is below the 21.0% U.S. statutory rate due to tax benefits associated with being a REIT. The following table contains the Company’s annualized effective tax rate after discrete items:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Annualized effective tax rate after discrete items |  |  |  |  | 10.5 | % |  | 11.6 | %

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
18. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021. All amounts are presented net of tax and exclude portions attributable to noncontrolling interests.

| Foreign currency translation (loss) gains |  | Net investment hedges of New Zealand subsidiary |  | Cash flow hedges |  | Employee benefit plans |  | Total Rayonier, L.P. |  | Allocation to Operating Partnership |  | Total Rayonier Inc.
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $22,702 |  |  | $1,321 |  |  | ($71,056) |  |  | ($24,312) |  |  | ($71,345) |  |  | (2,540) |  |  | ($73,885) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (18,487) |  |  | — |  |  | 44,899 |  | (a) | 11,302 |  |  | 37,714 |  |  | (1,080) |  |  | 36,634 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,994 |  |  | 1,174 |  | (b) | 18,168 |  |  | (521) |  |  | 17,647 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (18,487) |  |  | — |  |  | 61,893 |  |  | 12,476 |  |  | 55,882 |  |  | (1,601) |  |  | 54,281 |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $4,215 |  |  | $1,321 |  |  | ($9,163) |  |  | ($11,836) |  |  | ($15,463) |  |  | ($4,141) |  |  | ($19,604) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | 5,668 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,147 |  | (a) | — |  |  | 42,815 |  |  | (954) |  |  | 41,861 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | 188 |  | (b) | 2,863 |  |  | 853 |  |  | 3,716 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | 5,668 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,822 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 45,678 |  |  | (101) |  |  | 45,577 |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $9,883 |  |  | $1,321 |  |  | $30,659 |  |  | ($11,648) |  |  | $30,215 |  |  | ($4,242) |  |  | $25,973 |

(a)The year ended December 31, 2021 and the three months ended March 31, 2022 include $52.5 million and $35.1 million, respectively, of other comprehensive income related to interest rate products. See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.
(b)This component of other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the computation of net periodic pension and post-retirement costs. See Note 16 — Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.
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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
The following table presents details of the amounts reclassified in their entirety from AOCI to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021:

Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components |  | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Affected line item in the income statement
| March 31, 2022 |  | March 31, 2021 |
Realized loss on foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $9 |  |  | $1,205 |  |  | Other operating (expense) income, net
Realized loss on foreign currency option contracts |  | — |  |  | 594 |  |  | Other operating (expense) income, net
Noncontrolling interests |  | (2) |  |  | (414) |  |  | Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Realized loss on interest rate contracts |  | 2,670 |  |  | 3,994 |  |  | Interest expense
Income tax effect from net loss on foreign currency contracts |  | (2) |  |  | (388) |  |  | Income tax expense
Net loss on cash flow hedges reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | $2,675 |  |  | $4,991 |  |  |

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)
19. RESTRICTED CASH
Restricted cash, Timber Funds includes the portion of proceeds from Fund II Timberland Dispositions required to be distributed to noncontrolling interests. Restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds, includes cash balances held in escrow as collateral for certain contractual obligations related to our Heartwood development project as well as cash held in escrow for real estate sales.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Cash and cash equivalents | $259,722 |  |  | $82,620 |
Restricted cash, Timber Funds | 5,464 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds (Held in escrow) | 625 |  |  | 475 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $265,811 |  |  | $83,095 |

20. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Assets held for sale is composed of properties under contract and expected to be sold within 12 months that also meet the other relevant held-for-sale criteria in accordance with ASC 360-10-45-9. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the basis in properties meeting this classification was $2.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Since the basis in these properties was less than the fair value, including costs to sell, no impairment was recognized.
21. RELATED PARTY
In January 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell developed lots to Mattamy Jacksonville LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Mattamy Homes, for an aggregate base purchase price of $4.45 million (subject to multiple takedowns over a 2 year period), plus additional consideration as to each lot to the extent the ultimate sales price of each finished home exceeds agreed price thresholds (the “Mattamy Contract”). In May 2021, we entered into an amendment to the original agreement for the sale of additional lots to Mattamy for an aggregate base purchase price of $1.0 million. The Mattamy contract also includes marketing fee revenue based on a percentage of the sales price of each finished home.
In September 2020, Keith Bass, a member of our Board of Directors, was named the Chief Executive Officer of Mattamy Homes US. Following this development, the Mattamy Contract and the ongoing obligations therein, were reviewed by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee in accordance with established policies and procedures regarding the authorization and approval of transactions with related parties.
The following table demonstrates the impact, gross of tax, of our related party transactions on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended:

|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Related Party Transaction | Location on Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |  | 2022 | 2021
Mattamy Contract | Sales (a) |  |  |  |  | $174 |  | $42 |

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2021 exclude approximately $0.1 million of cash received from Mattamy Jacksonville LLC under this agreement for the reimbursement of local impact fees.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (“MD&A”)
When we refer to “Rayonier” or “the Company” we mean Rayonier Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean Rayonier, L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to “we,” “us,” or “our,” mean collectively Rayonier Inc., the Operating Partnership and entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Rayonier Inc. and/or the Operating Partnership. References herein to “Notes to Financial Statements” refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. included in Item 1 of this report.
This MD&A is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors which may affect future results. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”) and information contained in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this document regarding anticipated financial outcomes, including our earnings guidance, if any, business and market conditions, outlook, expected dividend rate, our business strategies, including the potential effects of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, expected harvest schedules, timberland acquisitions and dispositions, the anticipated benefits of our business strategies, and other similar statements relating to our future events, developments, or financial or operational performance or results, are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements are identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “anticipate” and other similar language. However, the absence of these or similar words or expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable when made, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and undue reliance should not be placed on these statements. The risk factors contained in Item 1A — Risk Factors in our 2021 Form 10-K, Part II, Item 1A — Risk Factors in this report and similar discussions included in other reports that we subsequently file with the SEC, among others, could cause actual results or events to differ materially from our historical experience and those expressed in forward-looking statements made in this document.
Forward-looking statements are only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no duty to update our forward-looking statements except as required by law. You are advised, however, to review any subsequent disclosures we make on related subjects in subsequent reports filed with the SEC.
NON-GAAP MEASURES
To supplement our financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), we use certain non-GAAP measures, including “Cash Available for Distribution,” and “Adjusted EBITDA,” which are defined and further explained in Performance and Liquidity Indicators below. Reconciliation of such measures to the nearest GAAP measures can also be found in Performance and Liquidity Indicators below. Our definitions of these non-GAAP measures may differ from similarly titled measures used by others. These non-GAAP measures should be considered supplemental to, and not a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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OUR COMPANY
We are a leading timberland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) with assets located in some of the most productive softwood timber growing regions in the United States and New Zealand. We invest in timberlands and actively manage them to provide current income and attractive long-term returns to our shareholders. We conduct our business through an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (“UPREIT”) structure in which our assets are owned by our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Rayonier manages the Operating Partnership as its sole general partner. Our revenues, operating income and cash flows are primarily derived from the following core business segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber, New Zealand Timber, Real Estate, and Trading. As of March 31, 2022, we owned or leased under long-term agreem ents approximat ely 2.7 million acres of timberlands located in the U.S. South (1.80 million acres), U.S. Pacific Northwest (486,000 acres) and New Zealand (419,000 gross acres or 297,000 net plantable acres).
SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber and New Zealand Timber segments include all activities related to the harvesting of timber and other non-timber income activities, such as the licensing of properties for hunting, the leasing of properties for mineral extraction and cell towers, and carbon credit sales. Our New Zealand operations are conducted by Matariki Forestry Group, a joint venture (the “New Zealand subsidiary”), in which we maintain a 77% ownership interest. See Note 4 - Noncontrolling Interests for additional information regarding our noncontrolling interests in the New Zealand Timber segment.
The Real Estate segment includes all U.S. and New Zealand land or leasehold sales disaggregated into six sales categories: Improved Development, Unimproved Development, Rural, Timberland & Non-Strategic, Conservation Easements and Large Dispositions. It also includes residential and commercial lease activity, primarily in the town of Port Gamble, Washington.
The Trading segment primarily reflects log trading activities in New Zealand and Australia conducted by our New Zealand subsidiary. It also includes log trading activities conducted from the U.S. South and Pacific Northwest. Our Trading segment activities include an export services joint venture with a third-party forest manager in which Matariki Forests Trading Ltd maintains a 50% ownership interest. The Trading segment complements the New Zealand Timber segment by providing added market intelligence, increasing the scale of export operations and achieving cost savings that directly benefit the New Zealand Timber segment. This additional market intelligence also benefits our Southern and Pacific Northwest export log marketing.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
For a full description of our environmental matters, see Item 1 - “Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and our sustainability report located at our Responsible Stewardship webpage.
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INDUSTRY AND MARKET CONDITIONS
The demand for timber is directly related to the underlying demand for pulp, paper, packaging, lumber and other wood products. The significant majority of timber sold in our Southern Timber segment is consumed domestically. With a higher proportion of pulpwood, our Southern Timber segment relies heavily on downstream markets for pulp and paper, and to a lesser extent wood pellet markets. Our Pacific Northwest Timber segment relies primarily on domestic customers but also exports a significant volume of timber, particularly to China. The Southern Timber and Pacific Northwest Timber segments rely on the strength of U.S. lumber markets as well as underlying housing starts. Our New Zealand Timber segment sells timber to domestic New Zealand wood products mills and also exports a significant portion of its volume to markets in China, South Korea and India. In addition to market dynamics in the Pacific Rim, the New Zealand Timber segment is subject to foreign exchange fluctuations, which can impact the operating results of the segment in U.S. dollar terms.
Global log and lumber markets were volatile during the first quarter as sanctions were placed on Russia in response to their invasion of Ukraine. While we do not expect our operations to be directly impacted by the conflict at this time, changes in global wood and commodity flows could impact the markets in which we operate.
As the current COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, the expected duration and the extent of economic disruption it may ultimately cause remain uncertain. Local, state and national governments continue to evaluate policies and restrictions in order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Government-mandated shutdowns or shelter-in-place orders in markets in which we operate could negatively impact our results. Further, prolonged periods of lower overall business activity as a result of COVID-19 could cause significant damage to the underlying economy, which would likely impact timber markets.
We are also subject to the risk of price fluctuations in certain of our cost components, primarily logging and transportation (cut and haul), ocean freight and demurrage costs. Other major components of our cost of sales are the cost basis of timber sold (depletion) and the cost basis of real estate sold. Depletion includes the amortization of capitalized site preparation, planting and fertilization, real estate taxes, timberland lease payments and certain payroll costs. The cost basis of real estate sold includes the cost basis in land and costs directly associated with the development and construction of identified real estate projects, such as infrastructure, roadways, utilities, amenities and/or other improvements. Other costs include amortization of capitalized costs related to road and bridge construction and software, depreciation of fixed assets and equipment, road maintenance, severance and excise taxes, fire prevention and real estate commissions and closing costs.
For additional information on market conditions impacting our business, see Results of Operations.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and assumptions on historical data and trends, current fact patterns, expectations and other sources of information we believe are reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates. For a full description of our critical accounting policies, see Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2021 Form 10-K.
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DISCUSSION OF TIMBER INVENTORY AND SUSTAINABLE YIELD
See Item 1 — Business — Discussion of Timber Inventory and Sustainable Yield in our 2021 Form 10-K.
OUR TIMBERLANDS
Our timber operations are disaggregated into three geographically distinct segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber and New Zealand Timber. The following tables provide a breakdown of our timberland holdings as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(acres in 000s) | As of March 31, 2022 |  |  | As of December 31, 2021 |  |
| Owned |  | Leased |  | Total |  |  | Owned |  | Leased |  | Total |  |
Southern |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alabama | 224 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 238 |  |  |  | 223 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 237 |  |  |
Arkansas | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Florida | 350 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 401 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 401 |  |  |
Georgia | 618 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 682 |  |  |  | 619 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 683 |  |  |
Louisiana | 140 |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |  |  |
Oklahoma | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  |
South Carolina | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  |
Texas | 222 |  |  | — |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 225 |  |  | — |  |  | 225 |  |  |
| 1,662 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 1,795 |  |  |  | 1,665 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 1,798 |  |  |
Pacific Northwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oregon | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  |
Washington | 421 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 425 |  |  |  | 425 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 429 |  |  |
| 482 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | 486 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 490 |  |  |
New Zealand (a) | 187 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | 187 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 419 |  |  |
Total | 2,331 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  |  | 2,338 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  |

(a)Represents legal acres owned and leased by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which we own a 77% interest. As of March 31, 2022, legal acres in New Zealand consisted of 297,000 plantable acres and 122,000 non-productive acres.
36

The following tables detail activity for owned and leased acres in our timberland holdings by state from December 31, 2021 to March 31, 2022:

(acres in 000s) | Acres Owned
| December 31, 2021 |  | Acquisitions |  | Sales |  | Other |  | March 31, 2022
Southern |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alabama | 223 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 224 |
Florida | 350 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |
Georgia | 619 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 618 |
Louisiana | 140 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |
Oklahoma | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |
South Carolina | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Texas | 225 |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | 222 |
| 1,665 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,662 |
Pacific Northwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oregon | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |
Washington | 425 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | 421 |
| 486 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | 482 |
New Zealand (a) | 187 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |
Total | 2,338 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,331 |

(a)Represents legal acres owned by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which we have a 77% interest.

(acres in 000s) | Acres Leased
| December 31, 2021 |  | New Leases |  | Sold/Expired Leases (a) |  | Other (b) |  | March 31, 2022
Southern |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alabama | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Arkansas | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Florida | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Georgia | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |
| 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |
Pacific Northwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Washington (c) | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
New Zealand (d) | 232 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |
Total | 369 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 369 |

(a)Includes acres previously under lease that have been harvested and activity for the relinquishment of leased acres.
(b)Includes acres previously under lease that we have acquired as fee ownership.
(c)Primarily timber reservations acquired in the merger with Pope Resources.
(d)Represents legal acres leased by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which we have a 77% interest.
37

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
The following table provides key financial information by segment and on a consolidated basis:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Financial Information (in millions) |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  | $76.8 |  |  | $51.7 |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  | 46.3 |  |  | 41.5 |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  | 51.4 |  |  | 57.6 |
Timber Funds |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 14.9 |
Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Improved Development |  |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 0.3 |
Rural |  |  |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 9.8 |
Timberland & Non-Strategic |  |  |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | — |
Deferred Revenue/Other (a) |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.5 |
Total Real Estate |  |  |  |  | 34.2 |  |  | 10.5 |
Trading |  |  |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 16.7 |
Intersegment Eliminations |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (1.5) |
Total Sales |  |  |  |  | $222.0 |  |  | $191.4 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  | $30.3 |  |  | $17.3 |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 1.3 |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 14.0 |
Timber Funds |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |
Real Estate |  |  |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 1.7 |
Trading |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |
Corporate and Other |  |  |  |  | (7.6) |  |  | (7.6) |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  | 45.3 |  |  | 28.5 |
Interest expense, interest income and other |  |  |  |  | (8.8) |  |  | (10.0) |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | (5.5) |  |  | (3.5) |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | 31.0 |  |  | 15.0 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (3.8) |
Net Income Attributable to Rayonier, L.P. |  |  |  |  | $30.0 |  |  | $11.2 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.4) |
Net Income Attributable to Rayonier Inc. |  |  |  |  | $29.3 |  |  | $10.8 |
Adjusted EBITDA (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  | $48.4 |  |  | $31.7 |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  | 21.5 |  |  | 17.6 |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 21.2 |
Timber Funds |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Real Estate |  |  |  |  | 24.7 |  |  | 5.1 |
Trading |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |
Corporate and Other |  |  |  |  | (7.2) |  |  | (7.3) |
Total Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $98.1 |  |  | $69.5 |

(a)Includes deferred revenue adjustments, revenue true-ups and marketing fees related to Improved Development sales in addition to residential and commercial lease revenue.
(b)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
38

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Southern Timber Overview | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pine Pulpwood | 1,171 |  |  | 843 |  |  |  |  |
Pine Sawtimber | 622 |  |  | 638 |  |  |  |  |
Total Pine Volume | 1,793 |  |  | 1,481 |  |  |  |  |
Hardwood | 103 |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  |
Total Volume | 1,896 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  |  |
% Delivered Volume (vs. Total Volume) | 35 | % |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |
% Pine Sawtimber Volume (vs. Total Pine Volume) | 35 | % |  | 43 | % |  |  |  |
% Export Volume (vs. Total Volume) (a) | 1 | % |  | 5 | % |  |  |  |
Net Stumpage Pricing (dollars per ton) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pine Pulpwood | $24.11 |  |  | $17.10 |  |  |  |  |
Pine Sawtimber | 35.46 |  |  | 27.51 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Pine | $28.05 |  |  | $21.58 |  |  |  |  |
Hardwood | 26.06 |  |  | 10.51 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Total | $27.94 |  |  | $21.35 |  |  |  |  |
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Timber Sales | $71.0 |  |  | $44.2 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Cut and Haul | (15.6) |  |  | (9.9) |  |  |  |  |
Less: Port and Freight | (2.4) |  |  | (2.0) |  |  |  |  |
Net Stumpage Sales | $53.0 |  |  | $32.3 |  |  |  |  |
Non-Timber Sales | 5.8 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  |  |  |
Total Sales | $76.8 |  |  | $51.7 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Income | $30.3 |  |  | $17.3 |  |  |  |  |
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 18.1 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (b) | $48.4 |  |  | $31.7 |  |  |  |  |
Other Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period-End Acres (in thousands) | 1,795 |  |  | 1,751 |  |  |  |  |

(a)Estimated percentage of export volume, which includes volumes sold to third-party exporters in addition to direct exports through our log export program.
(b)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
39

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |
Pacific Northwest Timber Overview | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |  |
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pulpwood | 76 |  |  | 79 |  |  |  |  |  |
Sawtimber | 429 |  |  | 457 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Volume | 505 |  |  | 536 |  |  |  |  |  |
% Delivered Volume (vs. Total Volume) | 82 | % |  | 78 | % |  |  |  |  |
% Sawtimber Volume (vs. Total Volume) | 85 | % |  | 85 | % |  |  |  |  |
% Export Volume (vs. Total Volume) (a) | 5 | % |  | 10 | % |  |  |  |  |
Delivered Log Pricing (in dollars per ton) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pulpwood | $37.69 |  |  | $29.36 |  |  |  |  |  |
Sawtimber | 105.69 |  |  | 90.98 |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Log Price | $95.35 |  |  | $81.64 |  |  |  |  |  |
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Timber Sales | $45.1 |  |  | $40.3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Cut and Haul | (16.2) |  |  | (16.0) |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Port and Freight | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Stumpage Sales | $28.8 |  |  | $24.3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-Timber Sales | 1.1 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Sales | $46.3 |  |  | $41.5 |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Income | $6.6 |  |  | $1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 14.9 |  |  | 16.3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (b) | $21.5 |  |  | $17.6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period-End Acres (in thousands) | 486 |  |  | 507 |  |  |  |  |  |
Sawtimber (in dollars per MBF) (c) | $849 |  |  | $730 |  |  |  |  |  |

(a)Estimated percentage of export volume, which includes volumes sold to third-party exporters in addition to direct exports through our log export program.
(b)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
(c)Delivered Sawtimber excluding chip-n-saw.
40

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
New Zealand Timber Overview | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Pulpwood (Delivered) | 94 |  |  | 106 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Sawtimber (Delivered) | 135 |  |  | 159 |  |  |  |  |
Export Pulpwood (Delivered) | 36 |  |  | 47 |  |  |  |  |
Export Sawtimber (Delivered) | 250 |  |  | 287 |  |  |  |  |
Total Volume | 515 |  |  | 599 |  |  |  |  |
% Delivered Volume (vs. Total Volume) | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |
% Sawtimber Volume (vs. Total Volume) | 75 | % |  | 74 | % |  |  |  |
% Export Volume (vs. Total Volume) (a) | 56 | % |  | 56 | % |  |  |  |
Delivered Log Pricing (in dollars per ton) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Pulpwood | $34.98 |  |  | $40.15 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Sawtimber | 75.99 |  |  | 80.95 |  |  |  |  |
Export Sawtimber | 127.59 |  |  | 121.65 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Log Price | $96.59 |  |  | $95.70 |  |  |  |  |
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Timber Sales | $49.7 |  |  | $57.3 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Cut and Haul | (19.1) |  |  | (20.9) |  |  |  |  |
Less: Port and Freight | (15.3) |  |  | (12.0) |  |  |  |  |
Net Stumpage Sales | $15.3 |  |  | $24.4 |  |  |  |  |
Non-Timber Sales / Carbon Credits | 1.7 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Total Sales | $51.4 |  |  | $57.6 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Income | $5.4 |  |  | $14.0 |  |  |  |  |
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 5.0 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (b) | $10.4 |  |  | $21.2 |  |  |  |  |
Other Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New Zealand Dollar to U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate (c) | 0.6680 |  |  | 0.7217 |  |  |  |  |
Net Plantable Period-End Acres (in thousands) | 297 |  |  | 296 |  |  |  |  |
Export Sawtimber (in dollars per JAS m 3) | $148.35 |  |  | $141.45 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Sawtimber (in $NZD per tonne) | $125.13 |  |  | $123.39 |  |  |  |  |

(a)Percentage of export volume includes direct exports through our log export program.
(b)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
(c)Represents the period-average rate.
41

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Real Estate Overview |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Sales (in millions of dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Improved Development |  |  |  |  | $5.0 |  |  | $0.3 |
Rural |  |  |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 9.8 |
Timberland & Non-Strategic |  |  |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | — |
Deferred Revenue/Other (a) |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.5 |
Total Sales |  |  |  |  | $34.2 |  |  | $10.5 |
Acres Sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Improved Development |  |  |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 0.6 |
Rural |  |  |  |  | 4,751 |  |  | 2,394 |
Timberland & Non-Strategic |  |  |  |  | 3,966 |  |  | — |
Total Acres Sold |  |  |  |  | 8,734 |  |  | 2,395 |
Gross Price per Acre (dollars per acre) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Improved Development |  |  |  |  | $308,065 |  |  | $406,452 |
Rural |  |  |  |  | 3,567 |  |  | 4,079 |
Timberland & Non-Strategic |  |  |  |  | 2,874 |  |  | — |
Weighted Average (Total) |  |  |  |  | $3,815 |  |  | $4,183 |
Weighted Average (Adjusted) (b) |  |  |  |  | $3,252 |  |  | $4,079 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  | $10.2 |  |  | $1.7 |
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 1.6 |
(+) Non-cash cost of land and improved development |  |  |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 1.8 |
Adjusted EBITDA (c) |  |  |  |  | $24.7 |  |  | $5.1 |

(a)Includes deferred revenue adjustments, revenue true-ups and marketing fees related to Improved Development sales in addition to residential and commercial lease revenue.
(b)Excludes Improved Development.
(c)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
42

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Trading Overview | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | 17 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
NZ | 95 |  |  | 141 |  |  |  |  |
Total Volume | 112 |  |  | 141 |  |  |  |  |
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading Sales | $13.1 |  |  | $16.2 |  |  |  |  |
Non-Timber Sales | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |
Total Sales | $13.4 |  |  | $16.7 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Income | $0.4 |  |  | $0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (a) | $0.4 |  |  | $0.2 |  |  |  |  |

(a)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
43

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Capital Expenditures By Segment (in millions of dollars) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Timber Capital Expenditures |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Southern Timber |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reforestation, silviculture and other capital expenditures | $2.5 |  |  | $3.3 |  |  |  |  |
Property taxes | 1.9 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  |  |
Lease payments | 0.7 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  |  |
Allocated overhead | 1.3 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  |
Subtotal Southern Timber | $6.3 |  |  | $6.7 |  |  |  |  |
Pacific Northwest Timber |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reforestation, silviculture and other capital expenditures | 3.6 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |  |
Property taxes | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |
Allocated overhead | 1.4 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  |
Subtotal Pacific Northwest Timber | $5.2 |  |  | $4.1 |  |  |  |  |
New Zealand Timber |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reforestation, silviculture and other capital expenditures | 2.5 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  |  |
Property taxes | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Lease payments | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |
Allocated overhead | 0.7 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |
Subtotal New Zealand Timber | $3.9 |  |  | $3.4 |  |  |  |  |
Total Timber Segments Capital Expenditures | $15.4 |  |  | $14.2 |  |  |  |  |
Timber Funds (“Look-through”) (a) | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital Expenditures | $15.6 |  |  | $14.5 |  |  |  |  |
Timberland Acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Southern Timber | $2.8 |  |  | $29.9 |  |  |  |  |
Timberland Acquisitions | $2.8 |  |  | $29.9 |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate Development Investments (b) | $3.1 |  |  | $3.0 |  |  |  |  |

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2021 excludes $1.3 million of capital expenditures attributable to noncontrolling interests in Timber Funds.
(b)Represents investments in master infrastructure or entitlements in our real estate development projects. Real Estate Development Investments are amortized as the underlying properties are sold and included in Non-Cash Cost of Land and Improved Development.
44

The following tables summarize sales, operating income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA variances for March 31, 2022 versus March 31, 2021 (millions of dollars):

Sales |  | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Real Estate |  | Trading |  | Intersegment Eliminations |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | $51.7 |  |  | $41.5 |  |  | $57.6 |  |  | $14.9 |  |  | $10.5 |  |  | $16.7 |  |  | ($1.5) |  |  | $191.4 |
Volume |  | 8.2 |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | (7.9) |  |  | — |  |  | 25.3 |  |  | (3.4) |  |  | — |  |  | 20.8 |
Price |  | 12.5 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | (6.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.4 |
Non-timber sales |  | (1.7) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |
Foreign exchange (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.3) |
Other |  | 6.1 |  | (b) | 0.5 |  | (b) | 7.7 |  | (c) | (14.9) |  | (d) | 1.3 |  | (e) | — |  |  | 1.4 |  | (f) | 2.1 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  | $76.8 |  |  | $46.3 |  |  | $51.4 |  |  | — |  |  | $34.2 |  |  | $13.4 |  |  | ($0.1) |  |  | $222.0 |

(a) Net of currency hedging impact.
(b) Includes variance due to stumpage versus delivered sales.
(c) Includes variance due to domestic versus export sales.
(d) Timber Funds segment was liquidated in 2021.
(e) Includes marketing fees related to Improved Development sales and r esidential and commercial lease revenue.
(f) Includes a decrease in Intersegment eliminations related to timberland management fees paid to us by the timber funds and reported as sales within the Timber Funds segment.

Operating Income (Loss) |  | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Real Estate |  | Trading |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | $17.3 |  |  | $1.3 |  |  | $14.0 |  |  | $1.5 |  |  | $1.7 |  |  | $0.2 |  |  | ($7.6) |  |  | $28.5 |
Volume |  | 4.5 |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | — |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19.0 |
Price (a) |  | 12.5 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | (6.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9.2 |
Cost |  | (2.1) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (5.8) |
Non-timber income (b) |  | (1.8) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |
Foreign exchange (c) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |
Depreciation, depletion & amortization |  | (0.1) |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | (4.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.1) |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Other (d) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  | $30.3 |  |  | $6.6 |  |  | $5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | $10.2 |  |  | $0.4 |  |  | ($7.6) |  |  | $45.3 |

(a) For Timber segments, price reflects net stumpage realizations (i.e., net of cut and haul and shipping costs). For Real Estate, price is presented net of cash closing costs.
(b) For the New Zealand Timber segment, includes carbon credit sales.
(c) Net of currency hedging impact.
(d) Timber Funds segment was liquidated in 2021.

45

Adjusted EBITDA (a) |  | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Real Estate |  | Trading |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | $31.7 |  |  | $17.6 |  |  | $21.2 |  |  | $1.0 |  |  | $5.1 |  |  | $0.2 |  |  | ($7.3) |  |  | $69.5 |
Volume |  | 8.1 |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | — |  |  | 25.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28.6 |
Price (b) |  | 12.5 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | (6.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9.2 |
Cost |  | (2.1) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (5.7) |
Non-timber income (c) |  | (1.8) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |
Foreign exchange (d) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.0) |
Other (e) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  | $48.4 |  |  | $21.5 |  |  | $10.4 |  |  | — |  |  | $24.7 |  |  | $0.4 |  |  | ($7.2) |  |  | $98.1 |

(a)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators below.
(b)For Timber segments, price reflects net stumpage realizations (i.e., net of cut and haul and shipping costs). For Real Estate, price is presented net of cash closing costs.
(c)For the New Zealand Timber segment, includes carbon credit sales.
(d)Net of currency hedging impact.
(e)Timber Funds segment was liquidated in 2021.

SOUTHERN TIMBER
First quarter sales of $76.8 million increased $25.1 million, or 49%, versus the prior year period. Harvest volumes increased 25% to 1.90 million tons versus 1.51 million tons in the prior year period, as drier ground conditions enabled stumpage customers to ramp up production to meet strong demand. Average pine sawtimber stumpage prices increased 29% to $35.46 per ton versus $27.51 per ton in the prior year period, driven by strong domestic lumber demand coupled with elevated chip-n-saw pricing due to increased competition from pulp mills. Average pine pulpwood stumpage prices increased 41% to $24.11 per ton versus $17.10 per ton in the prior year period, reflecting strong competition across our wood baskets as customers looked to secure supply and replenish low mill inventories. Overall, weighted-average stumpage prices (including hardwood) increased 31% to $27.94 per ton versus $21.35 per ton in the prior year period. Operating income of $30.3 million increased $13.0 million versus the prior year period due to higher net stumpage realizations ($12.5 million) and higher volumes ($4.5 million), partially offset by higher costs ($2.1 million), lower non-timber income ($1.8 million) and higher depletion rates ($0.1 million). First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $48.4 million was 53%, or $16.7 million, above the prior year period.
PACIFIC NORTHWEST TIMBER
First quarter sales of $46.3 million increased $4.8 million, or 11%, versus the prior year period, notwithstanding a decline in harvest volumes of 6% to 505,000 tons versus 536,000 tons in the prior year period. Average delivered sawtimber prices increased 16% to $105.69 per ton versus $90.98 per ton in the prior year period, driven by strong domestic lumber demand. Average delivered pulpwood prices increased 28% to $37.69 per ton versus $29.36 per ton in the prior year period, primarily driven by improved demand due to the restart of idled pulp mill capacity in the region. Operating income of $6.6 million improved $5.3 million versus the prior year period due to higher net stumpage realizations ($5.8 million) and lower depletion rates ($0.4 million), partially offset by higher costs ($0.5 million), lower volumes ($0.3 million) and lower non-timber income ($0.1 million). First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $21.5 million was 22%, or $3.9 million, above the prior year period.
NEW ZEALAND TIMBER
First quarter sales of $51.4 million decreased $6.2 million, or 11%, versus the prior year period. Harvest volumes decreased 14% to 515,000 tons versus 599,000 tons in the prior year period, as production at the beginning of the year was deferred in response to port congestion and elevated log inventories in China. Average delivered prices for export sawtimber increased 5% to $127.59 per ton versus $121.65 per ton in the prior year period. The increase in export sawtimber prices versus the prior year period reflected the ability of log exporters to partially pass on higher costs to customers, as well as the newly implemented restriction on competing log imports into China from Russia. However, favorable export pricing was more than offset by higher shipping and demurrage costs due to ongoing supply chain and port congestion issues. Average delivered prices for domestic sawtimber decreased 6% to $75.99 per ton versus $80.95 per ton in the prior year period. The decrease in
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domestic sawtimber prices (in U.S. dollar terms) was driven by the decline in the NZ$/US$ exchange rate (US$0.67 per NZ$1.00 versus US$0.72 per NZ$1.00). Excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates, domestic sawtimber prices improved 1% versus the prior year period. Operating income of $5.4 million decreased $8.6 million versus the prior year period due to lower net stumpage realizations ($6.2 million), lower volumes ($2.6 million), higher costs ($0.6 million) and unfavorable foreign exchange impacts ($1.5 million), partially offset by higher carbon credit sales ($1.5 million) and lower depletion rates ($0.8 million). First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $10.4 million was 51%, or $10.8 million, below the prior year period.
TIMBER FUNDS
During 2021, we sold the rights to manage Fund III and Fund IV, as well as our ownership interests in both funds, and we completed the liquidation of Fund II timberland assets. As such, we had no sales, operating income or Adjusted EBITDA in the current quarter in the Timber Funds segment, as will be the case going forward.
In the prior year period the Timber Funds segment generated first quarter sales of $14.9 million on harvest volumes of 145,000 tons, resulting in operating income of $1.5 million. Adjusting for the portion of the Timber Funds segment attributable to noncontrolling interests, pro forma sales and pro forma operating income were $3.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. First quarter Adjusted EBITDA was $1.0 million in the prior year period.
REAL ESTATE
First quarter sales of $34.2 million increased $23.7 million versus the prior year period, while operating income of $10.2 million increased $8.5 million versus the prior year period. Higher segment results in the current year period were driven by a significant increase in the number of acres sold (8,734 acres sold versus 2,395 acres sold in the prior year period), partially offset by a decrease in weighted-average prices ($3,815 per acre versus $4,183 per acre in the prior year period).
Improved Development sales of $5.0 million included $3.6 million from the Wildlight development project north of Jacksonville, Florida and $1.4 million from the Richmond Hill development project (which has now been branded as Heartwood) south of Savannah, Georgia. Sales in Wildlight consisted of 52 residential lots, reflecting an average price of $70,000 per lot or $339,000 per acre. Sales in Richmond Hill (Heartwood) included ten residential lots for $0.4 million (an average price of $44,000 per lot or $251,000 per acre) and a 4-acre commercial property for $0.9 million ($246,000 per acre). This compares to prior year period Improved Development sales of $0.3 million.
There were no Unimproved Development sales in the first quarter or the prior year period.
Rural sales of $16.9 million consisted of 4,751 acres at an average price of $3,567 per acre. This compares to prior year period sales of $9.8 million, which consisted of 2,394 acres at an average price of $4,079 per acre.
Timberland & Non-Strategic sales of $11.4 million consisted of 3,966 acres at an average price of $2,874 per acre. There were no Timberland & Non-Strategic sales in the prior year period.
First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $24.7 million was $19.6 million above the prior year period.
TRADING
First quarter sales of $13.4 million decreased $3.2 million versus the prior year period primarily due to lower volumes, partially offset by higher prices. Sales volumes decreased 21% to 112,000 tons versus 141,000 tons in the prior year period, reflecting elevated log inventories in China and constrained export market demand. The Trading segment generated operating income of $0.4 million versus $0.2 million in the prior year period.
OTHER ITEMS
CORPORATE AND OTHER EXPENSE / ELIMINATIONS
First quarter corporate and other operating expenses of $7.6 million were flat versus the prior year period.
INTEREST EXPENSE
First quarter interest expense of $8.3 million decreased $1.7 million versus the prior year period due to lower average outstanding debt and lower borrowing costs.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
First quarter income tax expense of $5.5 million increased $2.1 million versus the prior year period. The New Zealand subsidiary is generally the primary driver of income tax expense, although the increase in the first quarter was attributable to the retirement of an installment note in the taxable REIT subsidiary.
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OUTLOOK
In our Southern Timber segment, we anticipate lower quarterly harvest volumes for the remainder of the year as compared to the first quarter, as we experienced above-average stumpage removals to start the year. Also, while we expect net stumpage realizations to remain above prior year levels, we anticipate modestly lower weighted-average prices for the remainder of the year as compared to the first quarter due to higher mill inventories, a higher proportion of thinning volume, and a less favorable geographic mix.
In our Pacific Northwest Timber segment, we expect lower quarterly harvest volumes for the balance of the year following strong removals in the first quarter. We further expect that weighted-average log prices will remain near first quarter levels for the balance of the year, driven by continued strong sawtimber demand and improving pulpwood markets.
In our New Zealand Timber segment, we expect increased quarterly harvest volumes for the balance of the year. While a significant level of uncertainty remains around the ongoing COVID-19 related disruptions in China, we expect that once demand stabilizes, constrained log supplies will drive export sawtimber prices higher. We further expect that domestic sawtimber and pulpwood pricing will remain relatively flat for the remainder of the year.
In our Real Estate segment, we anticipate lower quarterly results for the remainder of the year following a strong first quarter.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal source of cash is cash flow from operations, primarily the harvesting of timber and sales of real estate. As an UPREIT, our main use of cash is dividends and unitholder distributions. We also use cash to maintain the productivity of our timberlands through replanting and silviculture. Our operations have generally produced consistent cash flow and required limited capital resources. Short-term borrowings have helped fund working capital needs while acquisitions of timberlands generally require funding from external sources or Large Dispositions.
SUMMARY OF LIQUIDITY AND FINANCING COMMITMENTS

| March 31, |  | December 31,
(millions of dollars) | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash and cash equivalents (excluding Timber Funds) | $256.5 |  |  | $358.7 |
Total debt (a) | 1,254.1 |  |  | 1,376.1 |
Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership | 136.2 |  |  | 133.8 |
Shareholders’ equity | 1,881.6 |  |  | 1,815.6 |
Total capitalization (total debt plus permanent and temporary equity) | 3,271.9 |  |  | 3,325.5 |
Debt to capital ratio | 38 | % |  | 41 | %
Net debt to enterprise value (b)(c) | 14 | % |  | 14 | %

(a)Total debt as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 reflects principal on long-term debt, gross of deferred financing costs and unamortized discounts.
(b)Net debt is calculated as total debt less cash and cash equivalents.
(c)Enterprise value based on market capitalization (including Rayonier, L.P. “OP” units) plus net debt based on Rayonier’s share price of $41.12 and $40.36 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
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AT-THE-MARKET (“ATM”) EQUITY OFFERING PROGRAM
On September 10, 2020, we entered into a distribution agreement with a group of sales agents through which we may sell common shares, from time to time, having an aggregate sales price of up to $300 million. As of March 31, 2022, $1.0 million remains available for issuance under the program.
The following table outlines common share issuances pursuant to our ATM program (dollars in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Shares of common stock issued under the ATM program | 726,248 |  |  | 1,107,814 |  |  |  |  |
Average price per share sold under the ATM program | $41.46 |  |  | $33.31 |  |  |  |  |
Gross proceeds from common shares issued under the ATM program | $30.1 |  |  | $36.9 |  |  |  |  |

CASH FLOWS
The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

(millions of dollars) | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash provided by (used for): |  |  |
Operating activities | $49.7 |  |  | $53.9 |
Investing activities | (18.9) |  |  | (44.4) |
Financing activities | (134.7) |  |  | (13.8) |

CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Cash provided by operating activities decreased $4.2 million from the prior year period primarily due to changes in working capital, partially offset by higher operating results.
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Cash used for investing activities decreased $25.5 million from the prior year period primarily due to lower timberland acquisitions ($27.1 million) and lower capital expenditures ($0.2 million), partially offset by other investing activities ($1.7 million) and higher real estate development investments ($0.1 million).
CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Cash used for financing activities increased $120.9 million from the prior year period primarily due to lower net borrowings ($122.9 million), lower net proceeds from the issuance of common shares under the ATM equity offering program ($1.6 million), higher dividends paid on common shares ($2.0 million), lower proceeds from the issuance of common shares under the Company’s incentive stock plan ($0.6 million) and higher share repurchases ($0.1 million), partially offset by lower distributions to consolidated affiliates ($6.0 million), and lower distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership ($0.3 million).
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FUTURE USES OF CASH
We expect future uses of cash to include working capital requirements, principal and interest payments on long-term debt, lease payments, capital expenditures, real estate development investments, timberland acquisitions, dividends on Rayonier Inc. common shares and distributions on Rayonier, L.P. units, distributions to noncontrolling interests, repurchases of the Company’s common shares and to satisfy other commitments.
Significant long-term uses of cash include the following (in millions):

Future uses of cash (in millions) | Total |  | Payments Due by Period
2022 |  | 2023-2024 |  | 2025-2026 |  | Thereafter
Long-term debt (a) | $1,252.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $252.0 |  |  | $1,000.0 |
Current maturities of long-term debt (b) | 2.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest payments on long-term debt (b) | 207.1 |  |  | 24.5 |  |  | 57.1 |  |  | 52.9 |  |  | 72.6 |
Operating leases — timberland (c) | 188.6 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 15.0 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 151.9 |
Operating leases — PP&E, offices (c) | 9.0 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 4.0 |
Commitments — development projects (d) | 25.8 |  |  | 17.8 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 3.9 |
Commitments — derivatives (e) | 37.6 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 3.3 |
Commitments — environmental remediation (f) | 11.3 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.4 |
Commitments — other (g) | 1.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |
Total | $1,734.7 |  |  | $62.9 |  |  | $105.0 |  |  | $329.7 |  |  | $1,237.1 |

(a)The book value of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs and unamortized discounts, is currently recorded at $1,243.7 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, but upon maturity the liability will be $1,252.0 million. See Note 6 - Debt for additional information.
(b)Projected interest payments for variable-rate debt were calculated based on outstanding principal amounts and interest rates as of March 31, 2022.
(c)Excludes anticipated renewal options.
(d)Commitments — developmental projects primarily consists of payments expected to be made on our Wildlight and Heartwood projects.
(e)Commitments — derivatives represent payments expected to be made on derivative financial instruments (interest rate swaps and forward-starting interest rate swaps). See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.
(f)Commitments — environmental remediation represents our estimate of potential liability associated with environmental contamination and Natural Resource Damages in Port Gamble, Washington. See Note 11 - Environmental and Natural Resource Damage Liabilities for additional information.
(g)Commitments — other includes other purchase obligations.
We expect to fund future uses of cash with a combination of existing cash balances, cash generated by operating activities, the remaining issuances available under the Company’s ATM Program, Large Dispositions and the use of our revolving credit facilities.
EXPECTED 2022 EXPENDITURES
Capital expenditures in 2022 are expected to be between $81 million and $84 million, excluding any strategic timberland acquisitions we may make. Capital expenditures are expected to primarily consist of seedling planting, fertilization and other silvicultural activities, property taxes, lease payments, allocated overhead and other capitalized costs. Aside from capital expenditures, we may also acquire timberland as we actively evaluate acquisition opportunities.
We anticipate real estate development investments in 2022 to be between $23 million and $25 million, net of reimbursements from community development bonds. Expected real estate development investments are primarily related to Wildlight, our mixed-use community development project located north of Jacksonville, Florida; Heartwood, our mixed-use development project located in Richmond Hill just south of Savannah, Georgia; development properties in the town of Port Gamble, Washington; and development projects in Gig Harbor, Kingston and Bremerton, Washington.
Our 2022 dividend payments on Rayonier Inc. common shares and distributions to Rayonier, L.P. unitholders are expected to be approximately $158 million and $3.6 million, respectively, assuming no change in the quarterly
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dividend rate of $0.27 per share or partnership unit, or material changes in the number of shares or partnership units outstanding.
Future share repurchases, if any, will depend on the Company’s liquidity and cash flow, as well as general market conditions and other considerations including capital allocation priorities.
We have no mandatory pension contribution requirements in the current year.
First quarter cash tax payments were elevated due to the required timing of tax payments for our New Zealand subsidiary following the full utilization of its NOLs. Full-year 2022 cash tax payments are expected to be approximatel y $17.0 million, primarily related to the New Zealand subsidiary.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We utilize off-balance sheet arrangements to provide credit support for certain suppliers and vendors in case of their default on critical obligations, and collateral for outstanding claims under our previous workers’ compensation self-insurance programs. These arrangements consist of standby letters of credit and surety bonds. As part of our ongoing operations, we also periodically issue guarantees to third parties. Off-balance sheet arrangements are not considered a source of liquidity or capital resources and do not expose us to material risks or material unfavorable financial impacts. See Note 12 — Guarantees for details on the letters of credit and surety bonds as of March 31, 2022.
SUMMARY OF GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
In May 2021, Rayonier, L.P. issued $450 million of 2.75% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “Senior Notes due 2031”). Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc., and Rayonier Inc. agreed to irrevocably, fully and unconditionally guarantee jointly and severally, the obligations of Rayonier, L.P. in regards to the Senior Notes due 2031. As a general partner of Rayonier, L.P., Rayonier Inc. consolidates Rayonier, L.P. and has no material assets or liabilities other than its interest in Rayonier, L.P. These notes are unsecured and unsubordinated and will rank equally with all other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness from time to time outstanding.
Rayonier, L.P. is a limited partnership, in which Rayonier Inc. is the general partner. The operating subsidiaries of Rayonier, L.P. conduct all of our operations. Rayonier, L.P.’s most significant assets are its interest in operating subsidiaries, which have been eliminated in the table below to eliminate intercompany transactions between the issuer and guarantors and to exclude investments in non-guarantors. As a result, our ability to make required payments on the notes depends on the performance of our operating subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. There are no material restrictions on dividends from the operating subsidiaries.
The summarized balance sheet information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Rayonier, L.P. for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 are provided in the table below:

(in millions) | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Current assets | $257.6 |  |  | $335.8 |
Non-current assets | 75.6 |  |  | 54.6 |
Current liabilities | 20.1 |  |  | 146.0 |
Non-current liabilities | 1,800.6 |  |  | 1,821.7 |
Due to non-guarantors | 565.6 |  |  | 570.4 |

The summarized results of operations information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Rayonier, L.P. for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 are provided in the table below:

(in millions) | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Cost and expenses | ($6.5) |  |  | ($27.5) |
Operating loss | (6.5) |  |  | (27.3) |
Net loss | (16.2) |  |  | (69.7) |
Revenue from non-guarantors | 222.0 |  |  | 1,109.4 |

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PERFORMANCE AND LIQUIDITY INDICATORS
The discussion below is presented to enhance the reader’s understanding of our operating performance, liquidity, and ability to generate cash and satisfy rating agency and creditor requirements. This information includes two measures of financial results: Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) and Cash Available for Distribution (“CAD”). These measures are not defined by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), and the discussion of Adjusted EBITDA and CAD is not intended to conflict with or change any of the GAAP disclosures described above.
Management uses CAD as a liquidity measure. CAD is a non-GAAP measure of cash generated during a period that is available for common share dividends, distributions to operating partnership unitholders, distributions to noncontrolling interests, repurchase of the Company’s common shares, debt reduction, timberland acquisitions and real estate development investments. CAD is defined as cash provided by operating activities adjusted for capital spending (excluding timberland acquisitions and real estate development investments), CAD attributable to noncontrolling interests in Timber Funds, working capital and other balance sheet changes. CAD is not necessarily indicative of the CAD that may be generated in future periods.
Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that management uses to make strategic decisions about the business and that investors can use to evaluate the operational performance of the assets under management. It excludes specific items that management believes are not indicative of the Company’s ongoing operating results. We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, the non-cash cost of land and improved development, non-operating income and expense and operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in Timber Funds.
We reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income for the consolidated Company and to Operating Income for the segments, as those are the most comparable GAAP measures for each. The following table provides a reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA for the respective periods (in millions of dollars):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | $31.0 |  |  | $15.0 |  |  |
Operating income attributable to NCI in Timber Funds |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |  |  |
Interest, net attributable to NCI in Timber Funds |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Net Income (Excluding NCI in Timber Funds) |  |  |  |  | 31.0 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |
Interest, net and miscellaneous income attributable to Rayonier |  |  |  |  | 8.2 |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |
Income tax expense attributable to Rayonier |  |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization attributable to Rayonier |  |  |  |  | 47.4 |  |  | 40.3 |  |  |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development |  |  |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |
Non-operating expense |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $98.1 |  |  | $69.5 |  |  |

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The following tables provide a reconciliation of Operating Income by segment to Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the respective periods (in millions of dollars):

Three Months Ended | Southern Timber |  | Pacific Northwest Timber |  | New Zealand Timber |  | Timber Funds |  | Real Estate |  | Trading |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $30.3 |  |  | $6.6 |  |  | $5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | $10.2 |  |  | $0.4 |  |  | ($7.6) |  |  | $45.3 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 18.1 |  |  | 14.9 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 47.4 |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.4 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $48.4 |  |  | $21.5 |  |  | $10.4 |  |  | — |  |  | $24.7 |  |  | $0.4 |  |  | ($7.2) |  |  | $98.1 |
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $17.3 |  |  | $1.3 |  |  | $14.0 |  |  | $1.5 |  |  | $1.7 |  |  | $0.2 |  |  | ($7.6) |  |  | $28.5 |
Operating income attributable to NCI in Timber Funds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 14.4 |  |  | 16.3 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 40.3 |
Non-cash cost of land and improved development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $31.7 |  |  | $17.6 |  |  | $21.2 |  |  | $1.0 |  |  | $5.1 |  |  | $0.2 |  |  | ($7.3) |  |  | $69.5 |

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Adjusted CAD (in millions of dollars):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Cash provided by operating activities | $49.7 |  |  | $53.9 |
Capital expenditures (a) | (15.6) |  |  | (15.8) |
CAD attributable to NCI in Timber Funds | — |  |  | (4.6) |
Working capital and other balance sheet changes | 30.4 |  |  | 13.8 |
CAD | $64.5 |  |  | $47.3 |
Mandatory debt repayments | (2.1) |  |  | — |
CAD after mandatory debt repayments | $62.4 |  |  | $47.3 |

Cash used for investing activities | ($18.9) |  |  | ($44.4) |
Cash used for financing activities | ($134.7) |  |  | ($13.8) |

(a) Capital expenditures exclude timberland acquisitions of $2.8 million and $29.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively.
The following table provides supplemental cash flow data (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Purchase of timberlands | ($2.8) |  |  | ($29.9) |
Real Estate Development Investments | (3.1) |  |  | (3.0) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates | (2.7) |  |  | (8.7) |

LIQUIDITY FACILITIES
2022 DEBT ACTIVITY
See Note 6 — Debt for additional information.
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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates, commodity prices and foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to minimize the economic impact of these market risks. We use derivatives in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Derivatives are managed by a senior executive committee whose responsibilities include initiating, managing and monitoring resulting exposures. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk through our variable rate debt, primarily due to changes in LIBOR. However, we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to interest rate movements on our term credit agreements by swapping existing and anticipated future borrowings from floating rates to fixed rates. As of March 31, 2022, we had $750 million of U.S. variable rate debt outstanding on our term credit agreements.
The notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap contracts with respect to our term credit agreements at March 31, 2022 was $750 million. The Term Credit Agreement matures in April 2028, with the associated interest rate swaps maturing in August 2024. We have entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to cover $150 million of the Term Credit Agreement through the extended maturity date. The Incremental Term Loan Agreement and associated interest rate swaps mature in May 2026, and the 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility and associated interest rate swaps mature in June 2029. At this borrowing level, a hypothetical one-percentage point increase/decrease in interest rates would result in no corresponding increase/decrease in interest payments and expense over a 12-month period.
The fair market value of our fixed interest rate debt is also subject to interest rate risk. The estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt at March 31, 2022 was $459.6 million compared to the $502.0 million principal amount. We use interest rates of debt with similar terms and maturities to estimate the fair value of our debt. Generally, the fair market value of fixed-rate debt will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. A hypothetical one-percentage point increase/decrease in prevailing interest rates at March 31, 2022 would result in a corresponding decrease/increase in the fair value of our fixed rate debt of approximately $33 million and $36 million, respectively.
We estimate the periodic effective interest rate on our U.S. long-term fixed and variable rate debt to be approximately 2.6% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds, excluding unused commitment fees on the revolving credit facility.
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The following table summarizes our outstanding debt, interest rate swaps and average interest rates, by year of expected maturity and their fair values at March 31, 2022:

(Dollars in thousands) | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |  | Fair Value
Variable rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal amounts | $2,087 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $200,000 |  |  | $550,000 |  |  | $752,087 |  |  | $752,087 |
Average interest rate (a)(b) | 2.06 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.88 | % |  | 1.85 | % |  | 1.86 | % |  |
Fixed rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal amounts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $24,005 |  |  | $28,006 |  |  | $450,000 |  |  | $502,011 |  |  | $459,595 |
Average interest rate (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.95 | % |  | 3.64 | % |  | 2.75 | % |  | 2.81 | % |  |
Interest rate swaps: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | — |  |  | — |  |  | $350,000 |  |  | — |  |  | $200,000 |  |  | $200,000 |  |  | $750,000 |  |  | $26,912 |
Average pay rate (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.28 | % |  | — |  |  | 1.60 | % |  | 0.77 | % |  | 1.69 | % |  |
Average receive rate (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.29 | % |  | — |  |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.26 | % |  |
Forward-starting interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $150,000 |  |  | $150,000 |  |  | $6,699 |
Average pay rate (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.83 | % |  | 0.83 | % |  |
Average receive rate (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  |

(a) Excludes estimated patronage refunds.
(b) Interest rates as of March 31, 2022.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The New Zealand subsidiary’s export sales are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore its cash flows are affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the New Zealand dollar and the U.S. dollar. This exposure is partially managed by a natural currency hedge, as ocean freight payments and shareholder distributions are also paid in U.S. dollars. We manage any excess foreign exchange exposure through the use of derivative financial instruments.
Sales and Expense Exposure
At March 31, 2022, the New Zealand subsidiary had foreign currency exchange contracts with a notional amount of $149.5 million and foreign currency option contracts with a notional amount of $14.0 million outstanding related to foreign export sales and ocean freight payments. The amount hedged represents a portion of forecasted U.S. dollar denominated export timber and log trading sales proceeds over the next 24 months and next 2 months, respectively.
The following table summarizes our outstanding foreign currency exchange rate risk contracts at March 31, 2022:

(Dollars in thousands) | 0-1 months |  | 1-2 months |  | 2-3 months |  | 3-6 months |  | 6-12 months |  | 12-18 months |  | 18-24 months |  | Total |  | Fair Value
Foreign exchange contracts to sell U.S. dollar for New Zealand dollar |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | $9,000 |  | $9,500 |  | $8,000 |  | $26,000 |  | $46,500 |  | $38,500 |  | $12,000 |  | $149,500 |  | $1,566
Average contract rate | 1.4505 |  | 1.4397 |  | 1.4432 |  | 1.4378 |  | 1.4567 |  | 1.4848 |  | 1.5059 |  | 1.4624 |  |
Foreign currency option contracts to sell U.S. dollar for New Zealand dollar |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | $8,000 |  | $6,000 |  | $14,000 |  | $94
Average strike price | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1.4808 |  | 1.5053 |  | 1.4913 |  |

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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Rayonier Inc.
Rayonier’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), are designed with the objective of ensuring information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported or submitted within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no control evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control exceptions and instances of fraud have been prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance that their objectives are achieved.
Based on an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2022.
In the quarter ended March 31, 2022, based upon the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that would materially affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Rayonier, L.P.
The Operating Partnership is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), are designed with the objective of ensuring information required to be disclosed by Rayonier, L.P. in reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported or submitted within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including Rayonier’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no control evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control exceptions and instances of fraud have been prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance that their objectives are achieved.
Based on an evaluation of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, management, including Rayonier’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2022.
In the quarter ended March 31, 2022, based upon the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, there were no changes in internal controls over financial reporting that would materially affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth in Note 10 — Contingencies and in Note 11 – Environmental and Natural Resource Damage Liabilit ies in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” under Item 1 of Part I of this report is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our operations are subject to a number of risks. When considering an investment in our securities, you should carefully read and consider these risks, together with all other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. If any of the events described in the following risk factors actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results, as well as the market price of our securities, could be materially adversely affected. The information presented below updates the risk factors set forth in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” of our 2021 Form 10-K.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by disruptions in the global economy caused by the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
The global economy has been negatively impacted by the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The Russia-Ukraine conflict is fast-moving and uncertain. Global log and lumber markets have exhibited increased volatility as sanctions have been imposed on Russia by the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. While we do not expect our operations to be directly impacted by the conflict at this time, changes in global wood and commodity flows could impact the markets in which we operate, which may in turn negatively impact our business, results of operations, supply chain and financial condition. In addition, the effects of the ongoing conflict could heighten certain of our known risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.
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Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Rayonier Inc.
REGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
From time to time, the Company may issue its common shares in exchange for units in the Operating Partnership. Such shares are issued based on an exchange ratio of one common share for each unit in the Operating Partnership. During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 2,535 common shares in exchange for an equal number of units in the Operating Partnership pursuant to the agreement of the Operating Partnership.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
In February 2016, the Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $100 million of Rayonier’s common shares (the “share repurchase program”) to be made at management’s discretion. The program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. There were no shares repurchased under this program in the first quarter of 2022. As of March 31, 2022, there was $87.7 million, or approximately 2,133,474 shares based on the period-end closing stock price of $41.12, remaining under this program.
The following table provides information regarding our purchases of Rayonier common shares during the quarter ended March 31, 2022:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b) |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (c)
January 1 to January 31 |  | 5,392 |  |  | $39.44 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,400,888 |
February 1 to February 28 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,209,785 |
March 1 to March 31 |  | 28 |  |  | 33.59 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,133,474 |
Total |  | 5,420 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

(a)Includes 5,420 shares of the Company’s common shares purchased in January, February and March from current and former employees in non-open market transactions. The shares were sold by current and former employees of the Company in exchange for cash that was used to pay withholding taxes associated with the vesting of share-based awards under the Company’s Incentive Stock Plan. The price per share surrendered is based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the respective vesting dates of the awards.
(b)Purchases made in open-market transactions under the $100 million share repurchase program announced on February 10, 2016.
(c)Maximum number of shares authorized to be purchased under the share repurchase program at the end of January, February and March are based on month-end closing stock prices of $36.54, $39.70 and $41.12, respectively.
Rayonier, L.P.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities made by the Operating Partnership during the quarter ended March 31, 2022.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Pursuant to the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, limited partners have the right to redeem their units in the Operating Partnership for cash, or at our election, shares of Rayonier Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, 2,535 units in the Operating Partnership held by limited partners were redeemed in exchange for shares of Rayonier Common Stock.
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Item 6. EXHIBITS

10.1 |  | Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for Salaried Employees effective March 1, 1994, amended and restated effective March 1, 2022* | Filed herewith
22.1 |  | List of Guarantor Subsidiaries | Filed herewith
31.1 |  | Rayonier Inc. - Chief Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Filed herewith
31.2 |  | Rayonier Inc. - Chief Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Filed herewith
31.3 |  | Rayonier, L.P. - Chief Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Filed herewith
31.4 |  | Rayonier, L.P. - Chief Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Filed herewith
32.1 |  | Rayonier Inc. - Certification of Periodic Financial Reports Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Furnished herewith
32.2 |  | Rayonier, L.P. - Certification of Periodic Financial Reports Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Furnished herewith
101 |  | The following financial information from Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”), includes: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 of Rayonier Inc.; (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of Rayonier Inc.; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 of Rayonier Inc.; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 of Rayonier Inc.; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 of Rayonier, L.P.; (vi) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of Rayonier, L.P.; (vii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 of Rayonier, L.P.; (viii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 of Rayonier, L.P.; and (ix) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. | Filed herewith
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q from the quarter ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101). |

* Management contract or compensatory plan.
59

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each of the registrants has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | RAYONIER INC.
| By: | /s/ APRIL TICE
|  | April Tice Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: May 6, 2022

|  | RAYONIER, L.P.
|  | By: RAYONIER INC., its sole general partner
| By: | /s/ APRIL TICE
|  | April Tice Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: May 6, 2022
60