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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Before Income Taxes

Income from operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliated companies was as follows:

		Years Ended September 30
		2024				2023				2022
		(In millions)
Domestic		$	18			$	65			$	(20	)
Foreign			511				386				355
Income from operations before income taxes and    equity in earnings of affiliated companies		$	529			$	451			$	335

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Tax provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

		Years Ended September 30
		2024				2023				2022
		(In millions)
U.S. federal and state:
Current		$	14			$	5			$	7
Deferred			(31	)			(156	)			2
Total			(17	)			(151	)			9
Foreign:
Current			134				123				135
Deferred			(6	)			—				(42	)
Total			128				123				93
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		$	111			$	(28	)		$	102

Reconciliation Using U.S. Statutory Rate

The provision (benefit) for income taxes differed from the provision for income taxes as calculated using the U.S. statutory rate as follows:

		Years Ended September 30
		2024				2023				2022
		(In millions)
Computed tax expense at the federal statutory rate		$	111			$	95			$	70
Foreign impact of taxation at different rates, repatriation,    valuation allowance, and other			16				30				38
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)			(3	)			15				23
Purification Solutions business divestiture			—				—				(179	)
Impact of increase (decrease) in valuation allowance on    U.S. deferred taxes			(13	)			(156	)			160
U.S. and state benefits from research and experimentation    activities			(3	)			(2	)			(2	)
Provision (settlement) of unrecognized tax benefits			7				2				1
Permanent differences, net			(2	)			(4	)			10
State taxes, net of federal effect			(2	)			(8	)			(19	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		$	111			$	(28	)		$	102

Components of Deferred Income Taxes

Significant components of deferred income taxes were as follows:

		September 30
		2024				2023
		(In millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred expenses		$	40			$	50
Intangible assets			47				42
Inventory			14				14
Operating lease liability			29				22
Other			25				6
U.S. federal interest expense carryforward			48				42
Pension and other benefits			25				24
Net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs")			261				244
Capital loss carryforwards			132				132
Foreign tax credit carryforwards			68				68
R&D credit carryforwards			55				49
Other business credit carryforwards			21				19
Subtotal			765				712
Valuation allowance			(494	)			(498	)
Total deferred tax assets		$	271			$	214

		September 30
		2024				2023
		(In millions)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment		$	(58	)		$	(47	)
Right of use asset			(23	)			(22	)
Unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries			(16	)			(15	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		$	(97	)		$	(84	)

Expiration Dates of NOLs, Capital Loss and Other Tax Credit Carryforwards Before Valuation Allowances

The following table provides detail surrounding the expiration dates of NOLs, capital loss and other tax credit carryforwards before valuation allowances:

Years Ending September 30		NOLs/Capital Losses				Credits
		(In millions)
2025 - 2031		$	1,070			$	86
2032 and thereafter			287				56
Indefinite carryforwards			847				2
Total		$	2,204			$	144

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

		Years Ended September 30
		2024				2023				2022
		(In millions)
Balance at beginning of the year		$	20			$	159			$	21
Additions based on tax positions related to the current    year			1				1				138
Additions for tax positions of prior years			3				—				2
Reductions of tax positions of prior years			(1	)			(137	)			(1	)
Reductions related to settlements			(1	)			(2	)			—
Reductions from lapse of statute of limitations			—				(1	)			(1	)
Balance at end of the year		$	22			$	20			$	159

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