<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-17-073383.txt : 20170307
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-17-073383.hdr.sgml : 20170307
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20170307165108
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-17-073383
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		95
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20161231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20170307
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20170307

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001377121
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37852
		FILM NUMBER:		17672608

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		521 COTTONWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 100
		CITY:			MALPITAS
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			95035-7404
		BUSINESS PHONE:		408-649-7370

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		521 COTTONWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 100
		CITY:			MALPITAS
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			95035-7404

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Protagonist Therapeutics Inc
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20130605

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Protagonist Inc
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20061002
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d310331d10k.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 10-K
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>Form 10-K</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:16pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>UNITED STATES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:16pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:16pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORM 10-K
</B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B></B>&#9746;<B></B><B></B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>For the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>or</B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B></B>&#9744;<B></B><B></B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>For the transition period from<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> to
<U></U><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Commission File No.&nbsp;001-37852 </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:20pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="47%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>Delaware</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>98-0505495</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(State or other jurisdiction of</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>incorporation or organization)</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(I.R.S.&nbsp;Employer</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Identification No.)</B></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="5"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="5" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>521 Cottonwood Drive, Suite 100</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Milpitas, California 95035</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>(408) 649-7370</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Address, including zip code, of registrant&#146;s principal</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>executive offices)</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Telephone&nbsp;number,&nbsp;including&nbsp;area&nbsp;code,&nbsp;of&nbsp;registrant&#146;s&nbsp;principal</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>executive offices)</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Securities registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b) of the Act: </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="47%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:60.10pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Title of each class</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:148.80pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Name of each exchange on which
registered</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>Common Stock, $0.00001 par value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>The NASDAQ Global Market</B></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Securities registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(g) of the Act: </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>None </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check
mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the
Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the
registrant (1)&nbsp;has filed all reports required to be filed by Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2)&nbsp;has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark if disclosure of
delinquent filers pursuant to Item&nbsp;405 of Regulation SK (&#167; 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant&#146;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated
by reference in Part III of this Form 10K or any amendment to this Form 10K.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of &#147;large accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;accelerated filer&#148; and &#147;smaller reporting company&#148; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="62%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Large&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Accelerated&nbsp;filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Non-accelerated filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;&nbsp;(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Smaller&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;company</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act
of 1934).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The registrant&#146;s common stock was
not publicly traded as of the last business day of the registrant&#146;s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding as of February&nbsp;28, 2017 was 16,787,990. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:3%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Portions of the registrant&#146;s definitive Proxy Statement for the registrant&#146;s 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed
subsequent to the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. Such proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the
registrant&#146;s fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016.</P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>2016 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc"></A>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Page</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>PART&nbsp;I</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 1.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_1">Business</A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item&nbsp;1A.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_2">Risk Factors</A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 1B.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_3">Unresolved Staff Comments</A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">76</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 2.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_4">Properties</A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">76</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 3.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_5">Legal Proceedings</A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">76</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 4.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_6">Mine Safety Disclosures</A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">76</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>PART II</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 5.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_7">Market for Registrant&#146;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">77</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 6.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_8">Selected Consolidated Financial Data</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">79</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 7.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_9">Management&#146;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
 of Operations</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">80</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 7A.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_10">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</A></P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">92</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 8.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_11">Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">93</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 9.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_12">Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial
 Disclosure</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">121</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 9A.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_13">Controls and Procedures</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">121</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 9B.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_14">Other Information</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">122</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>PART&nbsp;III</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 10.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_15">Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 11.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_16">Executive Compensation</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 12.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_17">Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
 Stockholder Matters</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 13.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_18">Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 14.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc310331_19">Principal Accountant Fees and Services</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>PART&nbsp;IV</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Item 15.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><A HREF="#toc310331_20">Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules </A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">124</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><A HREF="#toc310331_21">SIGNATURES </A></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">125</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART I </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Statement made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, and Section&nbsp;21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as &#147;believe,&#148; &#147;will,&#148; &#147;may,&#148; &#147;estimate,&#148;
&#147;continue,&#148; &#147;anticipate,&#148; &#147;intend,&#148; &#147;should,&#148; &#147;plan,&#148; &#147;expect,&#148; &#147;predict,&#148; &#147;could,&#148; &#147;potentially&#148; or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. You
should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition, or state other &#147;forward-looking&#148; information. These statements relate to our
future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to
differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this report in &#147;Item&nbsp;1A. Risk Factors&#148; and elsewhere in this
Annual Report. Forward-looking statements are based on our management&#146;s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of their date, and we
undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments. We caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. </I></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_1"></A>Item&nbsp;1.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Business. </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Overview </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a proprietary technology platform focused on discovering and developing peptide-based
new chemical entities (&#147;NCEs&#148; ) to address significant unmet medical needs. Our primary focus is on developing first-in-class oral peptide drugs that specifically target the same biological pathways also targeted by currently marketed
injectable antibody drugs. Compared to injectable antibody drugs, our oral peptides offer targeted delivery to the gastrointestinal (&#147;GI&#148;) tissue compartment, potential for improved safety due to minimal exposure in the blood, improved
convenience and compliance due to oral delivery and the opportunity for earlier introduction of targeted therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (&#147;IBD&#148;). Our initial lead product candidates, PTG-100 and PTG-200, are based on this approach
and we believe they have the potential to transform the existing treatment paradigm for IBD, a GI disease consisting primarily of ulcerative colitis (&#147;UC&#148;), and Crohn&#146;s disease (&#147;CD&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 and PTG-200 are derived from our proprietary peptide technology platform. Peptide therapeutics represent a substantial and growing
therapeutic class with more than 60 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#147;FDA&#148;) approved drugs. Our platform enables us to discover novel, structurally constrained peptides that retain certain key advantages of both oral and small molecule
and injectable antibody drugs, while overcoming many of their limitations as therapeutic agents. Constrained peptides are rigid, well-folded structures typically formed by disulfide bonds that alleviate the fundamental instability inherent in
traditional peptides, which cannot be delivered orally. Further, these constrained peptides are designed to bind to biological targets, including protein-protein interactions (&#147;PPI&#148;) targets, which are typically approached by antibodies
since small molecules cannot bind effectively to these targets. It is estimated that up to 80% of all potential disease targets are not amenable to drug development by small molecules and have therefore traditionally been approached by injectable
antibody drugs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our novel peptides have potential applicability in a wide range of therapeutic areas in addition to GI diseases. Our
first product candidate beyond IBD is PTG-300, an injectable hepcidin mimetic, which is currently in pre-clinical development with completion of Investigational New Drug (&#147;IND&#148;) enabling studies expected by the end of the first half of
2017. A hepcidin mimetic is a peptide that mimics the function of the natural hormone, hepcidin. PTG-300 has potential utility for the treatment of iron overload disorders, such as <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia,
hereditary hemochromatosis (&#147;HH&#148;) and sickle cell disease (&#147;SCD&#148;), each of which may qualify PTG-300 for orphan drug designation. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">1 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Our Product Candidates </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-100 </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 has first-in-class
potential as an oral, alpha-4-beta-7 (&#147;<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7&#148;) integrin-specific antagonist for the treatment of IBD. The
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin is considered to be one of the most GI-specific biological targets for IBD. It is a cell surface protein present on T cells that plays an
important role in the trafficking of T cells to the GI tissue compartment by binding to MAdCAM-1, an extracellular protein that resides mostly in the GI vasculature. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are leveraging several factors to inform and guide the clinical development of PTG-100 for the treatment of IBD. First, PTG-100 shares the
same <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin target as the injectable antibody drug vedolizumab, marketed as Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, for the
treatment of moderate-to-severe UC and CD. Second, we utilized pharmacodynamic (&#147;PD&#148;) biomarker assays similar to those described in scientific publications used with Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> and
other antibodies in development as indicators of target engagement to establish proof-of-concept (&#147;POC&#148;) in our Phase&nbsp;1 clinical trial with PTG-100. These PD data include increases in receptor occupancy and decreases in receptor
expression. We believe that we can utilize published information describing the development and regulatory path of Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> and other approved antibody drugs for IBD to help inform the design
of our clinical development studies. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have completed extensive pre-clinical studies of PTG-100 in which we established pharmacological
POC, including effects on T cell trafficking and mucosal healing similar to comparator <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 rodent antibody, DATK-32. Following the submission and approval of
a Clinical Trial Notification (&#147;CTN&#148;) in Australia in December 2015, we initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial, comprised of three components: a single ascending dose (&#147;SAD&#148;) and multiple ascending dose (&#147;MAD&#148;) component,
each of which evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics (&#147;PK&#148;), and PD-based POC in healthy subjects, using an oral liquid formulation of PTG-100. The Phase 1 clinical trial was completed in June 2016. Dose escalation proceeded up to 1,000 mg,
the highest dose tested in the study for both single and multiple dosing. There were no serious adverse events reported in the Phase 1 clinical trial, and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. All reported adverse events were of mild to
moderate severity. There were no dose-dependent increases observed for any adverse events. The most frequent adverse events reported by subjects on PTG-100 were headache and upper respiratory tract infection. These events were also observed in
subjects who took placebo. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We initiated a global Phase 2b randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled dose-finding clinical trial in
the fourth quarter of 2016 to assess safety and efficacy of PTG-100 in moderate-to-severe UC patients. We anticipate that the trial will enroll approximately 240 subjects at approximately 100 sites in the United States, Canada, Europe (Western,
Central, and Eastern), Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. The primary objectives of our Phase 2b clinical trial are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of PTG-100 and its efficacy in the induction of remission in subjects with moderate-to-severe
UC. Secondary objectives are to select PTG-100 induction doses for continued development, to characterize PTG-100 plasma concentrations and pharmacodynamic responses, and to evaluate any immunogenicity over 12 weeks. The trial will include subjects
who have had prior exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (&#147;TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>&#148;) inhibitors and subjects who have not been treated with biologics. Subjects will be randomized to one of four dose arms
(150mg/300mg/900mg PTG-100 or placebo) for 12 weeks of once-daily oral dosing, followed by four weeks of safety follow-up. An interim futility analysis is expected to be performed in the second half of 2017, and if futility criteria are not met, one
or two PTG-100 doses will be selected for continued randomization of the remaining subjects. We expect to complete the study and report top-line data in the second half of 2018. We expect that this trial will support end-of-Phase 2 meetings with
global health authorities and enable the initiation of a Phase 3 pivotal program. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The primary endpoints are consistent with those used in
the clinical development of previously approved drugs for UC. The trial is statistically powered to detect a clinically meaningful difference in induction of remission in subjects with moderate-to-severe UC who are treated with PTG-100 compared to
placebo. The evaluation of clinical remission is based on the Mayo Score, which is a well-established composite assessment that utilizes patient-reported outcomes and endoscopic improvement. Secondary efficacy endpoints will include
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">2 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
endoscopic response, clinical response, endoscopic remission, change in endoscopic subscore, change in stool frequency and rectal bleeding subscores, change in fecal calprotectin, change in the
IBD questionnaire, change in Mayo score and change in partial Mayo score, from baseline to multiple points during the induction period. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We plan to develop PTG-100 initially for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC, potentially followed by mild-to-moderate UC, CD, and
pediatric IBD, the latter being an orphan indication. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-200 </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our second oral, GI-restricted peptide product candidate is PTG-200, a potential first-in-class Interleukin-23 receptor (&#147;IL-23R&#148;)
specific antagonist for the treatment of IBD. Interleukin-23 (&#147;IL-23&#148;) is a member of the IL-12 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and is a protein that regulates inflammatory and immune function and plays a key role in the development
of IBD. By blocking the IL-23 receptor with PTG-200 in the GI tissue compartment, we expect to reduce inflammation while potentially minimizing the risk of systemic side effects due to its GI-restricted nature. The IL-23 pathway is targeted by the
IL-12 and IL-23 antagonist infused antibody drug ustekinumab, marketed as Stelara<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and moderate-to-severe CD. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have completed pre-clinical POC studies for PTG-200, started IND-enabling studies, and plan to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial in 2017.
We plan to develop PTG-200 initially for the treatment of moderate-to-severe CD, potentially followed by UC and pediatric IBD, the latter being an orphan indication. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-300 </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-300 is an injectable
hepcidin mimetic peptide that we are developing for the treatment of iron overload disorders, such as <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia, HH and SCD, each of which may qualify for orphan drug designation. Hepcidin is a
peptide hormone critical for regulating iron homeostasis. However, hepcidin has significant stability, potency and solubility limitations. We have discovered and developed PTG-300 as a stable, soluble hepcidin mimetic that can potentially be more
potent and more amenable for weekly or less frequent subcutaneous delivery compared to hepcidin. We plan to complete IND-enabling studies by the end of the first half of 2017 and complete a Phase 1 clinical trial that will evaluate safety/
tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic proof-of-concept by the end of 2017. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Additional Product Candidates.</I> We are
currently researching potential oral and injectable peptide-based product candidates for a range of conditions including, but not restricted to GI diseases. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>The Evolution of Antibody Drugs for Targeted Therapy and Their Limitations </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Before the FDA approval&nbsp;of antibody drugs, chemically synthesized oral small molecules were the standard-of-care for the treatment of many
diseases. However, small molecules are not capable of blocking most PPIs that underpin cellular processes frequently involved in numerous diseases. It is estimated that small molecules cannot be developed as drugs for the treatment of up to 80% of
all identified potential disease targets. With the availability of antibody drugs, targeted therapy for many PPI-driven diseases became feasible. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In 2015, six of the top ten selling U.S. drugs were antibody drugs. In 2013, all approved antibody drugs together generated approximately $75
billion in sales. More than 30 antibody drugs have now been approved by the FDA, including the IBD targeted therapy drugs Humira<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>,
Remicade<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, and Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Despite their growing use, antibody drugs present several limitations for patients including, but not limited to, the following: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Injections or infusions are associated with significant patient burden.</I> Antibody drugs are large proteins that are not stable in the GI tissue compartment. As a consequence, antibody based therapies are
administered primarily by injection or infusion into systemic circulation. Injections or infusions as a mode of delivery can increase patient burden, including site reactions and systemic hypersensitivity, inconvenience, and needle anxiety and
phobia, each of which may negatively affect patient compliance. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">3 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Antibody drugs may have significant safety issues.</I> Antibody drugs are typically administered at high concentrations in order to attain appropriate therapeutic levels at distal sites of a disease. High systemic
exposure of immunomodulatory agents can increase the risks of use for patients: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Elevated risk of serious or opportunistic infection, malignancy and severe hypersensitivity events.</I> Many antibody drugs are immunosuppressive, which may lead to increased risk of serious or opportunistic
infection, such as tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and hepatitis B, or malignancy.&nbsp;Further, injection or infusion may increase the risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis. </TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Long half-life resulting in delayed clearance from the bloodstream.</I> Antibody drugs are large molecules engineered to have long half-lives and to circulate in the bloodstream for extended periods of time. This
longevity can be potentially problematic for patients who experience adverse reactions and cannot readily eliminate the drug from their systems. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Immunogenicity reactions can lead to loss of response or possible safety risks.</I> Antibody drugs may induce natural immunogenic responses from the body including the introduction of anti-drug antibodies
(&#147;ADAs&#148;). These ADAs can neutralize the action of the therapeutic antibody either by enhancing its clearance or blocking its function, either of which can result in loss of therapeutic response. ADAs can cause immunogenic reactions in
patients leading to possible adverse events, frequently necessitating drug withdrawal. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Antibody drugs are expensive.</I> Compared to other classes of therapeutics, the complexity and size of antibody drugs can result in high manufacturing, storage and administration costs. To date, these costs have not
been significantly reduced through the introduction of biosimilar drugs. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Our Solution for IBD: Oral, GI-Restricted Peptides </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our novel peptide therapeutics platform may provide important benefits over existing non-targeted small molecule, injectable antibody, and
conventional peptide therapeutics. In addition, our platform represents a major step forward in the evolution of peptides as therapeutics. Most of the more than 60 currently FDA approved peptides have unstructured shapes, leading to chemical and
biological stability limitations, which confine their use to injectable drugs. In contrast, our peptide technology platform allows us to identify constrained peptides that can serve as a starting point for discovery and development of oral,
selective, and potent peptides. The well-folded conformation in our constrained peptides is typically derived by disulfide bonds, a structural feature inherent in many naturally occurring peptides. For the IBD targets of interest, the size and
nature of our peptides is carefully selected and modified so as to acquire the desired potency and specificity, and also to restrict their presence to the GI tissue compartment when administered orally. These features translate to oral,
GI-restricted, selective and potent peptide drug candidates with specific advantages compared to antibody drugs: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Oral administration</I>. We are developing our peptide therapeutics in a convenient capsule or tablet form intended for oral administration. We believe oral administration may reduce many of the problems and
limitations associated with injections or infusions, including injection site pain and local reactions, inconvenience, anxiety, high rates of immunogenicity and potential safety risks. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Potential for improved safety and tolerability compared to antibody drugs.</I> </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Oral and GI-restricted delivery minimizes systemic exposure in the blood.</I> Oral GI-restricted delivery results in lower drug levels in the blood that may provide the potential for an enhanced safety profile over
antibody drugs. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Peptides can be cleared more quickly from systemic circulation.</I> Small molecules and peptides below a size threshold can be rapidly cleared from blood circulation by kidney filtration and excretion. Rapid
clearance may be beneficial especially if patients need to discontinue therapy. In contrast, antibody drugs, because of their long plasma half-life, may take months to clear from blood circulation leaving patients exposed to continued or increased
safety risk. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">4 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>The likelihood of much lower immunogenicity of small stable peptides compared to antibody drugs reduces the risk of loss of response.</I> We believe that ADAs are less likely to be elicited against constrained
peptides, due to their small size, lack of epitope density, resistance to proteolysis, oral tolerance, and minimal systemic absorption. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Potential for localized delivery to site of disease.</I> We believe oral dosing of GI-restricted peptides results in substantially higher drug concentrations in the diseased GI tissue compartment compared to
injectable antibody drugs. This targeted delivery to the site of action may lead to more immediate and significant target engagement at the site of active disease in the GI tissue compartment. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Cost-effective and less complex manufacturing</I>. Because of their size and stability, we believe that our oral, GI-restricted peptide product candidates can be produced, stored and shipped in a more cost-effective
manner than many antibody drugs. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In chronic GI diseases such as IBD, we believe that our oral, GI-restricted peptide
product candidates may offer improved delivery, the potential for improved safety and tolerability, and cost efficiencies that may provide an overall benefit to patients, payers, and physicians. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, consisting primarily
of UC and CD,&nbsp;and characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue and anemia.&nbsp;In UC, inflammation starts in the rectum and generally extends proximally in a continuous manner through the entire colon. In CD, the disease
most commonly affects the small intestine and the proximal large intestine. Both UC and CD have periods of various intensity and severity, and when a patient is symptomatic, the disease is considered to be in an active or flare stage. Approximately
25% of UC cases occur in persons before the age of 20. Furthermore, pediatric IBD is considered an orphan indication. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Market Overview </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">According to the Crohn&#146;s&nbsp;&amp; Colitis Foundation of America, there were an estimated 1.6&nbsp;million IBD patients in the United
States in 2013, an increase of approximately 200,000 patients since 2011. As many as 70,000 new cases of IBD are diagnosed in the United States each year. As of 2008, annual direct treatment costs for patients with IBD in the United States were
estimated to exceed $6.3 billion, while indirect costs such as missed work days were estimated to cost an additional $5.5 billion. In 2012, GlobalData estimated that the UC market reached approximately $4.2 billion and the CD market reached
approximately $3.2 billion, in each case across ten major markets: the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, China, and India. According to Global Data estimates, these markets are expected to grow at a
compound annual growth rate of approximately 3% to 5% over the ten years from 2012 to 2022. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>History of IBD Treatments </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Non-Targeted Therapies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Sulfasalazine was discovered as the first non-targeted therapy for treatment of UC. Non-targeted therapies continued to evolve, including the
introduction of corticosteroids for treatment of moderate UC in the 1950s. Subsequently, the immunosuppressive drug mercaptopurine was identified for UC in the 1960s, azathiopurine was developed in the 1970s, followed by 5-aminosalicylic acid. While
these oral, non-targeted broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agents and non-specific immunomodulators continue to be part of the IBD treatment paradigm, especially in mild-to-moderate IBD, these drugs are often ineffective, and corticosteroid and oral
immunosuppressive drugs may have significant and disabling adverse effects that limit their use. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">5 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>TNF- </I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> <I>and</I>
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><I>4</I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><I>7</I> <I>Integrin Targeted Antibody Drugs</I> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics ushered in the development of the potent and highly targeted biologic drugs. TNF-<FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> was identified as a cytokine, a protein involved in cell signaling, that plays an important role in the inflammatory processes associated with IBD. In developing therapies against TNF-<FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>, small molecule antagonists that directly bind TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> and other PPI targets have yet to be discovered and approved as therapeutics for the treatment of IBD. Thus,
monoclonal antibody drugs emerged as a new class of therapeutics that can inhibit TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> activiy. There are currently five TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs (Humira<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, Remicade<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, Cimzia<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>,
Simponi<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> and Inflectra<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> (infliximab biosimilar)) approved for the treatment of UC and/or CD. In 2014, Entyvio<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, an intravenously administered antibody that selectively targets the <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin, was approved for the
treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe UC or CD where one or more standard therapies have not resulted in an adequate response. Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> sales were approximately $530 million in
2015 and are projected to peak at approximately $2 billion. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">While antibody drugs have greatly improved the treatment of IBD, they
generally serve as the last-line of treatment before surgery due to their potential for severe adverse effects, diminishing efficacy over time, inherent limitations as injectable-based therapies, and high costs of therapy. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>The Evolving IBD Treatment Paradigm </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Inducing and maintaining clinical remission is the primary goal of treatment for IBD patients. The current treatment paradigm for IBD is
considered a &#147;step-up&#148; approach. It involves a sequential &#147;step-up&#148; in treatment to more potent but higher risk therapies according to the level of severity of the patient&#146;s disease. Thus, targeted biologic therapies are
generally reserved for patients with moderate-to-severe disease who have failed to respond to non-targeted oral therapies including 5-ASA agents, corticosteroids and non-specific immunomodulators. As a result, only a portion of IBD patients
currently receive a targeted antibody therapy. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For moderate-to-severe IBD patients, physicians may prescribe TNF<I>-</I><FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs (e.g. Remicade<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> or Humira<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>) or Entyvio<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, an antibody drug inhibiting <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin, to induce and maintain clinical remission. Patients who are
transitioned to these targeted antibody drugs may fail to respond to treatment or lose response to some or all of these agents over time and may ultimately require surgery. Approximately 50% to 73% of CD and 65% of UC patients fail to reach
remission with TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibodies.&nbsp;Furthermore, 30% to 40% of UC patients and approximately 40% of CD patients treated with TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs stop
responding to these agents over time (secondary non-responders) at a rate of approximately 10% to 13%&nbsp;per year. Of the CD patients who initially benefit from TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs, 25% to 40% of these
patients develop intolerable or serious adverse events or lose their response within the first year of therapy. Currently, a common approach for IBD patients with lack of efficacy or loss of response to
TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs is to switch such patients to other TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs. Although this is initially successful in 40% to 60% of patients, there remains a
lack of treatment options for patients who lose responses to multiple TNF<I>-</I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody drugs.&nbsp;Further, patient non-adherence with TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> antibody
drugs in IBD has been reported to be between approximately 30% to 45% resulting in a greater need for hospitalization. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The development of
new, potent and targeted therapies for IBD with oral delivery may potentially offer more effective treatment options for moderate-to-severe IBD patients. Furthermore, many clinicians are already advocating for an earlier introduction of targeted
therapeutics in IBD to reduce, replace or delay the use of corticosteroids and non-specific oral immunomodulators. This treatment approach is often referred to as a &#147;top-down&#148; approach as therapeutics that are currently at the top of the
&#147;step-up&#148; pyramid are moved down to earlier in the treatment paradigm (see Figure 1). We believe we are well-positioned to be leaders in this shift from &#147;step-up&#148; to &#147;top-down&#148; therapy. Our oral, GI-restricted, and
targeted peptide drugs work on the same specific targets as injectable antibody drugs and have the potential to offer improved patient safety, improved compliance and convenience and reduced immunogenicity as compared to antibody drugs. In addition,
key opinion leaders are increasingly viewing the <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin antagonist Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> as a preferable
alternative to TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT> blockers for the </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">6 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
treatment of IBD due to its improved safety profile. Taken together, we believe that these trends may result in our product candidates, if approved, being used more broadly than antibody drugs in
moderate-to-severe IBD patients and potentially being used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate disease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Figure&nbsp;1: Transforming the Existing IBD
Treatment Paradigm with Oral Targeted Therapy Drugs </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g310331g61e75.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>PTG-100: AN ORAL</B>
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><B>4</B><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><B>7</B> <B>INTEGRIN ANTAGONIST</B> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 was discovered through our peptide technology platform and is being developed as a potential first-in-class oral, GI-restricted <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin-specific antagonist initially for patients with moderate-to-severe UC. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Mechanism of Action </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Integrins, such as <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7, are transmembrane proteins that regulate cellular movement into extravascular tissue and play an important role in modulating the inflammatory reaction in the
gut. The <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin is expressed on the surface of T cells, immune cells that help defend against foreign and potentially harmful substances that enter the
body. The development of UC is driven by the migration of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 T cells into the GI&nbsp;tissue compartment and their subsequent activation within the GI tissue
compartment. The entry of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7&nbsp;T&nbsp;cells into the GI&nbsp;tissue compartment is facilitated by the PPI between the
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin and its corresponding ligand, MAdCAM-1, which is primarily expressed in the GI tissue compartment. Hence, the binding of <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 to MAdCAM-1 can be categorized as a GI-specific interaction and has been identified as an IBD-specific targeted therapeutic approach. By blocking the binding of
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin to MAdCAM-1, PTG-100 may prevent T cells from entering the GI tissue compartment, thereby reducing inflammation that leads to the clinical
manifestations of UC. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 for IBD is targeted
by FDA-approved Entyvio<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> (vedolizumab), which has demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe UC and CD. Since PTG-100 targets the same biological pathway as Entyvio<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, we can utilize similar PD-based POC as early as in our pre-clinical studies and Phase 1 clinical trial to inform and guide our Phase 2b development program. We sourced these PD biomarker assays
from public scientific publications and do not maintain any contractual arrangement providing access to this information with the makers of these marketed products. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Translating PTG-100&#146;s Pre-Clinical POC to Clinical POC </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have established a potentially efficacious dose range of PTG-100 in mice by demonstrating similar pharmacologic activity between oral
PTG-100 and an injectable <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 antibody in mouse models of IBD. From this </P>
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efficacious dose range in mice, approximately 6-50 mg/kg per day, we are able to directly estimate a potentially efficacious dose range in humans through allometric scaling based on whole body
surface areas, which we determined to be approximately 33-300 mg per day. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Concurrently, we employed a complementary approach for
establishing a potentially efficacious human dose range and early POC through specific blood PD response markers that reflect <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin target engagement
of PTG-100 in the GI tissue compartment and correlated those PD measurements with efficacy responses in mouse colitis models. Target engagement is a critical feature for demonstrating that PTG-100 can reach its intended target, thus inhibiting the
trafficking of T cells into the GI tissue compartment. Our PD markers were monitored in mice and cynomolgus monkeys (&#147;cyno&#148;), which were similarly evaluated in normal healthy volunteers in our Phase 1 clinical trial. These blood PD
responses demonstrated that PTG-100 engaged its intended <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><I></I>4<I></I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 target and helped guide human dosing for our Phase&nbsp;2b clinical trial. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-100&#146;s Pre-Clinical Proof-of-Concept Studies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that PTG-100 is a potent and highly selective <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 antagonist with minimal systemic absorption. Mouse colitis models have further demonstrated that PTG-100 can inhibit T cell trafficking in the gut similar to the actions of the mouse <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 antagonist antibody. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 potently inhibited
binding of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><I></I>4<I></I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 to MAdCAM-1 in several human biochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (&#147;ELISA&#148;) and cell adhesion (transformed and
primary cells) assays in a low nanomolar concentration range sufficient to inhibit 50% of binding (&#147;IC50&#148;) comparable to vedolizumab. PTG-100 exhibited greater than a 100,000-fold selectivity against other structurally similar integrins, <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><I>1</I> and <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>L<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>2, in cell adhesion assays which is comparable to the
selectivity of vedolizumab. PTG-100 was stable in <I>in vitro</I> assays simulating the GI tissue compartment, such as the small intestine and gastric stomach, with half-lives exceeding 12 hours and in human liver microsomes suggesting strong oral
stability and the potential for once daily dosing in humans. PTG-100 did not affect the growth of and was not metabolized by common members of the human intestinal microflora. In total, these drug properties provide evidence to characterize PTG-100
as a potential first-in-class orally stable <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7-specific antagonist. Furthermore, these drug properties allowed us to demonstrate proof-of-concept in animal
colitis studies. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Non-clinical metabolism and PK studies demonstrated that much greater amounts of PTG-100 as measured by the maximum
concentration (&#147;Cmax&#148;) as a percentage of total drug amount dosed orally, were present in the GI compartments, such as the small intestine, colon and feces compared to the systemic plasma and urine compartments of mice, rats, and cyno,
thus confirming its GI-restricted properties. Further, PTG-100 has an oral systemic bioavailability of less than 0.5%. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We designed mouse
colitis studies similar to those used for antibody drugs targeting this pathway to specifically monitor T cell trafficking to and from the GI tissue compartment (Figure 2). PTG-100 reduced <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 memory T cells migrating to the gut lymphoid tissues, including the mesenteric lymph nodes (&#147;MLN&#148;) and Peyer&#146;s patches (&#147;PP&#148;), under inflammatory conditions in the GI tissue
compartment. Another example of the ability of PTG-100 to inhibit T cell trafficking was demonstrated by the reduction in the number of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 cells in colon
lesions in colitis mice. Furthermore, treatment benefit was demonstrated through blinded video endoscopy analysis for mucosal damage, and assessment of the incidence of bloody feces, which represent symptoms and measurements of UC in humans. In all
studies in mouse models of colitis, the effects of oral PTG-100 were comparable to those of an injection of high doses of a positive control <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 antibody.
This allows us to define the efficacious dose in mice with potential translation to the efficacious dose in humans. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">8 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Figure 2: PTG-100 Reduces Trafficking of Memory T Cells to MLN and Peyer&#146;s Patches </B></P>
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 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Establishing Blood Pharmacodynamic Readouts of Target Engagement </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have used pre-clinical blood PD response markers that reflect target engagement in the GI tissue compartment and correlate with efficacy
responses in mouse colitis studies to guide our dosing in human studies. Furthermore, we believe these pre-clinical blood PD responses, specifically receptor occupancy (&#147;RO&#148;) increases reflecting target engagement and receptor expression
(&#147;RE&#148;) decreases reflecting subsequent pharmacologic activity, can be compared to the PD responses we observed in our Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy volunteers and ultimately can help to guide the dosing for evaluating clinical benefit
in UC patients in the Phase 2b clinical trial. In the mouse colitis model, RO and RE were correlated with <I>in vivo</I> efficacy that can be extrapolated to the blood RO and RE observed in healthy mice and cyno. These PD markers from mice and cyno
have specifically demonstrated increases in RO that peak at approximately 4 hours following a single dose and multiple doses (Figure&nbsp;3A), and decreases in RE after multiple doses in healthy mice (Figure 3B) and colitis mice. In translating the
pre-clinical observations into a clinical setting, we are focused on evaluating dose- and time-dependent trends in RO and RE in our Phase&nbsp;1 clinical trial that can be benchmarked to the animal data to give us greater confidence in progressing
PTG-100 in clinical trials. Emphasis is placed on trends and not on absolute numbers owing to differences in GI transit times in different species and absence of absolute scaling methods from animals to humans for GI-restricted drugs. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">9 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Figure 3: (A)&nbsp;Percent Receptor Occupancy and (B)&nbsp;Receptor Expression of</B> <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><B>4</B><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><B>7</B> <B>on CD4+ Memory T Cells in Blood of Healthy Mice Dosed for 14 Days</B> </P>
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 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-100&#146;s Non-GLP and GLP Safety Pharmacology and Toxicology Studies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To date, all toxicology and safety pharmacology studies have not identified any safety issues. Good Laboratory Practices (&#147;GLP&#148;)
toxicology studies in rats and cyno over 42 days and 12 weeks of dosing showed that PTG-100 was well-tolerated at all dose levels with no dose-limiting toxicities. GLP are those procedural and operational requirements specified by FDA regulation to
ensure the validity and reliability of nonclinical studies. No adverse effects were seen in either rat or cyno studies at all doses tested. Standard safety pharmacology and genotoxicity studies were similarly negative. We are currently conducting
chronic GLP toxicology studies to support our anticipated Phase 3 program. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-100&#146;s Phase 1 Clinical Trial Overview </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Following the submission and approval of a CTN, we initiated a Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of PTG-100
in 78&nbsp;normal healthy male volunteers in Australia, which was completed in June 2016. The Phase 1 SAD and MAD components were conducted with a solution-based liquid formulation of PTG-100. In the formulation bridging component of the trial, we
compared the relative bioavailability of the liquid formulation to the capsule formulation that is being used in Phase 2b. In addition to determining the safety and tolerability and PK of PTG-100, the SAD and MAD components of the trial evaluated
PD-based POC through the assessment of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 receptor occupancy that indicates target engagement and <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 target expression on peripheral blood memory T&nbsp;cells similar to what was done in the pre-clinical studies. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Safety and Tolerability </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In both the SAD
and MAD portions of the clinical trial, dose escalation proceeded from 100 mg up to the planned 1,000 mg dose level. There were no dose-limiting toxicities. There were no deaths or serious adverse events (&#147;SAEs&#148;) reported in the trial. All
reported adverse events were of mild to moderate severity. There were no dose-dependent increases observed for any adverse events. The most frequent adverse events reported by subjects on PTG-100 were headache and upper respiratory tract infection.
These events were also observed in subjects who took placebo. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Pharmacokinetics </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 plasma levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in both single and multiple dosing cohorts. Consistent with the pre-clinical data in
mice, rats, and cyno, the blood levels of PTG-100 were extremely low as </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">10 </P>


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determined by the Area Under the Curve (AUC, which is a pharmacokinetic measurement of drug exposure in blood plasma against time) and Cmax (maximum concentration), thus demonstrating the
GI-restricted nature of the drug. There was no apparent evidence of drug accumulation at Day 14 in the MAD cohorts perhaps related to the relatively short half-life (&#147;T1/2&#148;) in the blood. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 fecal levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in the multiple dosing cohorts. Minimum drug levels of PTG-100 were observed in
urine samples, as expected, based on its characteristics as a GI-restricted drug with minimal systemic exposure. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Establishing Pharmacodynamic POC in
Humans </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Data from our mouse colitis studies support our conclusion that blood receptor occupancy is a correlate of target engagement in
the GI tissue compartment in the dose ranges studied. In our Phase 1 clinical trial, blood receptor occupancy on CD4+ memory <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7+T cells increased in a
dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. For receptor occupancy in the SAD cohorts, treatment groups were significant compared to placebo at 100 mg (p<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#163;</FONT>0.05), 300 mg
(p<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#163;</FONT>0.005) and 1,000 mg (p<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#163;</FONT>0.0001). In the MAD cohorts, treatment groups were significant compared to placebo at 100&nbsp;mg (p&lt;0.0005), 300&nbsp;mg
(p&lt;0.0001) and 1,000&nbsp;mg (p&lt;0.0001) four hours post dose on Day&nbsp;14. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">An additional parameter of pharmacologic activity that
we measured was the change in <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 expression on the blood memory T cells. Based on <I>in vitro</I> studies comparing vedolizumab and PTG-100, we expected that
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 expression would be reduced over time due to the internalization of the
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 receptor. Following single and multiple dose administration in the Phase 1 clinical trial, a dose-dependent and time-dependent reduction in <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 expression was observed, and it appears that the reduction in target expression may become saturated at 300 mg since a similar response was observed in the
1,000 mg cohort following both single and multiple dosing. For <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7, downregulation of expression was significant in treatment groups, compared to placebo at
300 mg and 1,000 mg (p<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#163;</FONT>0.01). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The single dose 300 mg cohort was evaluated under fasted and
fed (standard high fat diet) conditions. Blood drug levels and blood receptor occupancy of PTG-100 were compared under both conditions. Based on data from this SAD component and previous pre-clinical studies, the MAD component of the clinical trial
was conducted under fed conditions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Thus, we observed dose-dependent and time-dependent target engagement and pharmacologic activity of
PTG-100 following single- and multiple-dose administration in healthy volunteers consistent with observations in the animal studies. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Formulation
Change from Phase 1 Clinical Trial to Phase 2b Clinical Trial </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We utilized a liquid formulation in the SAD and MAD components of the
Phase 1 clinical trial. To support the use of a capsule formulation in the Phase 2b study, we compared the PK in a single dose cross-over evaluation of the liquid and capsule formulation in normal healthy volunteers and observed that the plasma
exposure of the capsule formulation was lower than that of the liquid formulation at the same dose level. The PD effects were highly similar between the capsule and liquid formulations, despite the lower plasma exposure of the capsule formulation.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>PTG-200: AN ORAL IL-23R ANTAGONIST </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-200 was discovered through our peptide technology platform and is being developed as a potential first-in-class oral, GI-restricted
antagonist that binds to the IL-23R and specifically blocks its interaction with the IL-23 cytokine. PTG-200 will be initially studied in patients with moderate-to-severe CD potentially followed by UC and pediatric IBD. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">11 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Mechanism of Action and Rationale </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">IL-23 is a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and autoimmune properties. Cytokines are cell signaling proteins that
are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells. Binding of the IL-23 ligand to the IL-23R receptor leads to an expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the mucosal autocrine cascade that is an important pathway of many
inflammatory diseases, including IBD. Furthermore, genetic analyses of IBD patients have implicated IL-23R mutations as a risk factor associated with susceptibility to IBD. The antagonist infused antibody drug ustekinumab (marketed as Stelara<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and moderate-to-severe CD) is a p40 antagonist antibody that inhibits both the IL-23 and IL-12 pathways. Next-generation IBD antibody drugs, such as
guselkumab, target the p19 subunit of the IL-23 ligand and are specific to the IL-23 pathway, which is believed to be an important driver of IBD pathology, while not blockading the IL-12 pathway. IL-12 is believed to be important in immune
surveillance against the development of infections and malignancies. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe that the oral, GI-restricted nature of PTG-200 will allow
PTG-200 to be a potent inhibitor of the IL-23 pathway for the treatment of IBD. By targeting IL-23R with our GI-restricted oral IL-23R antagonist PTG-200, we believe PTG-200 will restore proper immune function in the GI tissue compartment where
there is active disease while minimizing the risk of systemic side effects. Several key cell types that reside in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (&#147;GALT&#148;), including T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and natural killer cells, increase their
expression of IL-23R during the progression of IBD. Therefore, the high concentrations of PTG-200 in GALT will facilitate access and binding to IL-23R expressed in the same tissue. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-200&#146;s Pre-Clinical Proof-of-Concept Studies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-200 potently inhibited binding of IL-23 to the IL-23 receptor in several biochemical (ELISA) and cell (transformed and primary) signaling
assays in a subnanomolar to low nanomolar concentration range sufficient to inhibit 50% of binding. PTG-200 exhibited greater than a 50,000-fold selectivity against other structurally similar receptors
(IL-12R<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>1 and IL-6R) thereby potentially reducing the risk of off target interactions. In total, these drug properties provide evidence to characterize PTG-200 as a potential first-in-class orally stable
IL-23R-specific antagonist. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In PK studies in rats and cyno, PTG-200 was GI-restricted with less than 0.5% oral systemic bioavailability
in plasma or urine and principal exposure in the small intestine, colon, and feces. Similar results were observed in cyno. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have also
completed pre-clinical POC studies in rat 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis models demonstrating that oral delivery of PTG-200 and other prototype antagonists significantly improved disease outcomes, such as reducing body weight
loss, reducing the increased colon weight/length ratio, and reducing the increased colon macroscopic score which is comprised of assessments of colon adhesions, strictures, ulcers, and wall thickness in a dose dependent manner (Figure 4).
Furthermore, PTG-200 was found to reduce the increased histopathology summary score, which is comprised of assessments of mucosal and transmural inflammation, gland loss, and erosion parameters. Finally, PTG-200 was able to reduce the expression of
the&nbsp;pro-inflammatory IL-23 induced cytokines in the colon and the IBD&nbsp;disease biomarker lipocalin&nbsp;(LCN2)&nbsp;in the serum and feces&nbsp;(Figure 4). </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">12 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Figure 4: PTG-200 Reduces Pathology in Rat TNBS-Induced Colitis </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The efficacy of oral PTG-200 seen in this IBD model was comparable to that of a positive control
antibody against the rat IL-23p19 subunit which was injected and therefore present in the systemic blood compartment. This allows us to define the efficacious dose range in rats (approximately 28-61 mg/kg per day) with potential translation to the
efficacious dose in humans. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-200&#146;s Preliminary Pre-Clinical Safety Studies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In preliminary non-GLP toxicity studies in rats, PTG-200 was well-tolerated with no adverse events at the highest dose level tested. We have
initiated 3 month GLP toxicology, safety pharmacology, genotoxicity, and current good manufacturing practice (&#147;cGMP&#148;) manufacturing studies in support of starting a Phase 1 clinical trial in 2017. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Proposed Clinical Plans </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We plan to
complete IND-enabling studies and to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial of PTG-200 in 2017 to evaluate safety, tolerability, and PK. Following completion of the Phase&nbsp;1 clinical trial, we plan to initiate a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled Phase 2 POC clinical trial in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>PTG-300: AN INJECTABLE HEPCIDIN MIMETIC </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-300 was discovered through our peptide technology platform and is being developed as a novel mimetic of hepcidin to potentially treat iron
overload disorders such as <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia, HH and SCD, each of which may qualify for orphan designation. Hepcidin is a naturally-occurring hormone involved in the transport and utilization of iron in the
human body. Hepcidin has significant stability, potency, and solubility limitations. In order to effectively treat iron overload disorders in the body, we designed PTG-300 as a stable, soluble, hepcidin mimetic that can potentially be more potent
and more amenable for weekly or less frequent subcutaneous delivery compared to hepcidin. We believe PTG-300 has the potential to improve disease symptoms and provide better safety by reducing the need for blood transfusions and chelator use in <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">-Thalassemia</FONT> patients by treating both the underlying anemia and iron overload associated with the disease. We have achieved POC in pre-clinical studies and have
demonstrated that PTG-300 has the potential for greater potency, stability, and <I>in vivo</I> efficacy compared to natural hepcidin. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Mechanism of
Action </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The molecular target of hepcidin is the cellular trans-membrane protein ferroportin, which functions as an export channel for
intracellular iron in macrophages, liver hepatocytes, and duodenal enterocytes. Upon binding to the extracellular domain of ferroportin, hepcidin decreases the delivery of iron to the blood circulation needed for the production of red blood cells.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Overview of</I> <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><I>-Thalassemia and Current Therapies</I> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia is potentially our first clinical indication for PTG-300. Due to repeat transfusions
and/ or increased absorption of iron, patients with <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia frequently suffer from iron overload which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This iron overload is exacerbated in those <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia patients who require chronic blood transfusions for survival. A hepcidin mimetic such as PTG-300 will potentially be able to correct the anemia caused by the genetic mutation underlying <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia, thus giving it a dual benefit of increasing the production of red blood cells, reducing excess circulating iron, and reducing splenomegaly. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Globally, prevalence of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia is estimated to be approximately 200,000, with at least
60,000&nbsp;patients born each year with the disease. In 2010, the <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia market was estimated to be greater than $500&nbsp;million, based largely on drugs consisting of chelating agents used to
treat iron overload disorders. The </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">14 </P>


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market is expected to grow to nearly $1 billion by 2018. <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>-Thalassemia has low prevalence in the Americas, with an estimated 2,750 patients and with
approximately 300 patients born each year with the disease. Therefore, <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">-Thalassemia</FONT> may qualify for FDA orphan designation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-300&#146;s Pre-clinical Proof-of-Concept Studies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In pre-clinical studies, we demonstrated that PTG-300 can lower serum iron more effectively than hepcidin and maintain such lowered serum iron
levels for at least 24 hours following a single subcutaneous injection (Figure&nbsp;5). We have also demonstrated that PTG-300 in a dose dependent manner can reduce serum iron in healthy mice, rats, and cyno. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Figure 5:&nbsp;PTG-300 is More Effective Than Hepcidin in Lowering Serum Iron in Healthy Mice </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g310331g66g56.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-300 was also able to address the underlying anemia present in a mouse genetic model of b-Thalassemia,
as shown most prominently by the significant increase in red blood cell number (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) with the corresponding decrease in reticulocyte content (Figure 6). As a consequence we also observed a significant reduction in the
pathological increases in spleen weight (splenomegaly) by addressing the underlying ineffective erythropoiesis. Furthermore, PTG-300 was effective in reducing the increase in liver iron content. In contrast the oral iron chelator deferiprone (DFP)
did not correct the anemia or the splenomegaly. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">15 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Figure 6: PTG-300 Addresses Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Mouse</B>
<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><B>-</B><B>Thalassemia</B> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g310331g81y26.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>PTG-300&#146;s Development Program </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-300 is being manufactured and formulated to support completion of pre-clinical GLP toxicology, genotoxicity, and safety pharmacology
studies, which will enable us to complete a single ascending dose Phase 1 clinical trial in normal healthy volunteers in 2017. This study will evaluate safety/ tolerability, PK and PD-based POC through the evaluation of PTG-300&#146;s effect on
serum iron levels. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>OUR PEPTIDE TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our proprietary technology platform has been successfully applied to a diverse set of biological targets that has led to several pre-clinical
and clinical-stage peptide-based NCEs, including our only clinical-stage product candidate PTG-100, and our other product candidates in pre-clinical studies PTG-200 and PTG-300, for a variety of clinical indications. Our platform is comprised of a
series of tools and methods, including a combination of molecular design, phage display, oral stability, medicinal chemistry, and <I>in vivo</I> pharmacology approaches. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The platform is used to develop potential drug candidates: (i)&nbsp;using the structure of a target, when available, (ii)&nbsp;when no target
structure exists, or (iii)&nbsp;from publically disclosed peptide starting points. In a structure-based approach, our proprietary molecular design software and structural database of several thousand constrained peptides, termed Vectrix<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">TM</SUP>, are screened to identify suitable scaffolds which form the basis of designing and constructing the first set of phage or chemical libraries. The initial hits are identified by either panning or
screening such libraries, respectively. When structural information is unavailable for a target, hits are identified by panning a set of 34 proprietary cluster-based phage libraries consisting of millions of constrained peptides. Once the hits are
identified, they are optimized using a set of peptide, peptide mimetic and medicinal chemistry techniques that include the incorporation of new or manipulation of existing cyclization-constraints, as well as natural or unnatural amino acids and
chemical conjugation or acylation techniques. These techniques are applied to optimize potency, selectivity, stability, exposure and ultimately efficacy. For oral stability, a series of <I>in vitro </I>and <I>ex vivo</I> oral-stability assays that
portray the chemical and metabolic barriers a peptide will encounter as it transits the GI tract are used to identify metabolically labile spots in the peptides. Such sites form the focus of medicinal-chemistry based optimization to engineer oral
stability.&nbsp;Finally, various <I>in vivo</I> pharmacology tools are then used to quantify peptide exposure in relevant GI organs and tissues. The data can then be used to optimize required GI exposure and ultimately <I>in vivo</I> efficacy. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The key foundations of the platform include: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Molecular design tools and large database of constrained scaffolds </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Through advances in genomics, molecular biology and structural genomic initiatives there has been an explosion in the number of known
structures of potential new drug targets, including PPI targets. In particular, constrained peptides have the required surface complexity to match or complement the large flat surfaces of PPI targets to provide potent and selective drug candidates.
We believe existing commercial molecular design software is not suitable, as it has been developed to identify small molecules that plug cavities of enzymes and do not bind to PPI targets. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have developed a database of all known structures of a sub-class of constrained peptides, known as disulfide-rich peptides
(&#147;DRPs&#148;). We have collected approximately 4,500 DRP scaffolds that are found throughout nature, ranging from single cell organisms to humans. We have created a proprietary molecular design environment, called Vectrix<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">TM</SUP>. A pattern matching algorithm within Vectrix<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">TM</SUP> allows the selection of an appropriately stable DRP scaffold using the structure of the target of
interest. This molecular design process is used to identify constrained peptides as starting points for hit discovery, which are ultimately optimized into potent, selective peptides against targets which are not amenable to small molecule drug
discovery. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Phage display techniques and cluster libraries </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Phage display may be used to discover the original hit based on Vectrix<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">TM</SUP>-derived
scaffolds, optimize existing hits, or to identify hits against those targets in which no structural information exists. For the latter </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">17 </P>


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targets, a series of pre-existing phage libraries, termed cluster libraries, are used for hit discovery. This includes 20 proprietary libraries of structurally diverse DRPs that sample greater
than 85% of their known structural diversity and 14 proprietary libraries that sample different protein loop geometries. Collectively these libraries provide immense potential for discovering hits at diverse targets as they are based on natural-DRP
scaffolds with these characteristics. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Oral stability and in vitro and ex vivo assays </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The GI tract provides a set of chemical and metabolic barriers that hinder the development of oral therapeutic agents. We have developed
numerous <I>in vitro</I> and <I>ex vivo</I> systems that profile peptide candidates for their stability features needed for oral delivery, GI restriction, and transit through the entire GI tract. This includes profiling for chemical stability,
specifically pH and redox stability, and metabolic stability against proteases and other enzymes that are either of human or microbial origin. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">These <I>in vitro</I> assays identify metabolic weak spots of peptides, which can then be stabilized by peptidic and peptidomimetic
modifications without losing potency. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Medicinal peptide chemistry </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have significant expertise in optimizing potency, selectivity, oral stability and exposure of constrained peptides using a combination of
peptide-cyclization, natural and unnatural amino acids, and various conjugation and acylation techniques. With respect to PTG-300, hit discovery and optimization relies exclusively on medicinal chemistry, with no phage display, to develop potent and
selective injectable candidates with enhanced exposure in blood. For other targets, such as the discovery of PTG-100 and PTG-200, phage display is tightly coupled to medicinal chemistry and oral stability techniques to develop potent, selective and
oral molecules that are GI-restricted. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>In vivo pharmacology tools for GI restriction </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">When developing oral, GI-restricted constrained peptides, we correlate efficacy with potency and level of GI tissue compartment exposure. We
have developed the required expertise and know-how to build PK and PD relationships to optimize physicochemical features of constrained peptides such that they are minimally absorbed and have the required degree of GI tissue compartment exposure
over the required duration of time to achieve efficacy. This involves examining constrained peptide concentrations in various GI tissue compartments, blood, urine, and feces when delivered orally in rodents. In this fashion, we can understand the
degree of tissue targeting, GI restriction and oral stability that is required to achieve efficacy. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Future Applications of our Platform </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe we have built a versatile, well-validated and unique discovery platform. For example, this peptide technology platform has been used
to develop product candidates for diverse target classes including G-protein-coupled receptors (&#147;GPCRs&#148;), ion channels, transporters and cytokines for a variety of therapeutic areas. In the future we may tackle other GI diseases and expand
our delivery techniques to include other organ/tissue systems, such as the lung and eye, which will provide potential opportunities to pursue a variety of diseases. In addition, the gut may communicate with the immune, central nervous, and endocrine
systems, providing the potential of our GI-restricted approach to treat metabolic, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Lastly, we intend to progress our platform to achieve systemic bioavailability with peptides, thereby enabling us to address
systemic diseases. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Material Agreements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Research Collaboration and License Agreement with Zealand Pharma A/S </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In June 2012, we entered into a Research Collaboration and License Agreement with Zealand Pharma A/S (&#147;Zealand&#148;) to identify,
optimize and develop novel DRPs to discover a hepcidin mimetic. Under the terms of the agreement, Zealand made an upfront payment and also funded the collaboration. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In October 2013, Zealand decided to abandon the collaboration program and, pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we elected to assume the
responsibility for the development and commercialization of the product. Upon Zealand&#146;s abandonment, Zealand assigned to us certain intellectual property arising from the collaboration and also granted us an exclusive license to certain
background intellectual property rights of Zealand that relate to the products assumed by us. Upon the nomination of PTG-300 as a development candidate, we owed Zealand a payment of $250,000. If we initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial for PTG-300, we
will pay Zealand an additional $250,000. We have the right, but not the obligation, to further develop and commercialize the products and, if we successfully develop and commercialize PTG-300 without a partner, we will pay to Zealand up to an
additional aggregate of $128.5 million for the achievement of certain development, regulatory and sales milestone events. In addition, we will pay to Zealand a low single digit royalty on worldwide net sales of the product until the later of ten
years from the first commercial sale of the product or the expiration of the last patent covering the product. Due to Zealand&#146;s abandonment of the collaboration program and our assumption of the responsibility for the development and
commercialization of the product, the agreement has terminated other than with respect to our potential milestone payments and royalty to Zealand. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Letter Agreement with Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson Development Corporation </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In May 2013, in connection with our sale of Series B Stock, we entered into a letter agreement with Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson Development
Corporation (&#147;JJDC&#148;), as amended on April&nbsp;19, 2016, pursuant to which we granted JJDC a right of first negotiation with respect to the consummation of any proposed sale, transfer, license, commercialization or distribution arrangement
(each, a &#147;Transaction&#148;) of our inventions, developments, patents, patent applications, know-how or other proprietary rights or products controlled by us that are necessary for the research, development or commercialization of the PTG-100,
PTG-200 and IL-13 programs (each, a &#147;Program&#148;) other than an acquisition, merger, consolidation, or sale of substantially all of our assets. The letter agreement does not apply with respect to the PTG-300 program. The term of JJDC&#146;s
right of first negotiation commenced in May 2014 and terminates, with respect to any Program, 60 days after our filing of an IND (or the foreign equivalent), with respect to each Program (such right of first negotiation period, the &#147;ROFN
Period&#148;). On November&nbsp;1, 2015, JJDC waived their right of first negotiation with respect to PTG-100. Neither we, nor JJDC, have an obligation to enter into a Transaction during the ROFN Period. We are not currently pursuing an IL-13
Program. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In the event that we receive a bona fide term sheet for a Program, we are obligated to notify JJDC of such offer (but not the
terms thereof) and JJDC has a period of 30 days to notify us of exercise of its right to negotiate for a Transaction with JJDC. Following expiration of the ROFN Period with respect to any remaining Program, we are required to deliver to JJDC certain
information relating to such Program, including pre-clinical results, manufacturing protocols and other information relevant to the evaluation of such Program, as determined by us. For a period of 60 days following delivery of such information (the
&#147;Exclusive Negotiation Period&#148;), we are required to negotiate in good faith and exclusively with JJDC to enter into a Transaction with JJDC with respect to such Program and we are not permitted to enter into negotiations with any third
party with respect to a Transaction involving such Program that would impair the ability of JJDC to exercise its rights under the letter agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Finally, for a period of 180 days following expiration of an Exclusive Negotiation Period for a Program (the &#147;Tail Period&#148;), we are
not permitted to enter into a Transaction with respect to such Program with a third party on terms that contain upfront payments and pre-launch milestones (valued on a risk-adjusted basis) that are inferior in total economic value to those that JJDC
and its affiliates last offered to us, to the extent any such offer was previously made by JJDC or its affiliates to us. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">JJDC&#146;s right of first negotiation with respect to any Program that has not earlier expired
or been waived by JJDC will terminate upon the sale, transfer or other disposition by us of all or substantially all of our assets, our consummation of a merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the transfer (whether by merger,
consolidation, equity financing, or otherwise), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons a majority or more of our outstanding voting stock (or the surviving or acquiring entity). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Competition </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The biotechnology and
pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. While we believe that our product candidates, technology, knowledge and experience provide us with competitive advantages, we face
competition from established and emerging pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, governmental agencies and public and private research institutions, among others. There are no approved oral peptide-based <FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrins and IL-23 based product candidates for IBD. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe our principal competition in the treatment of IBD will come from companies with approved agents in the following therapeutic
classes, among others: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Infused&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4&szlig;7 antibody: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Infused IL-23 and IL-12 antibody: Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Injectable or infused TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>&nbsp;antibody: AbbVie, Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson, Amgen, Pfizer, UCB S.A. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are also aware of several companies developing therapeutic product candidates for the treatment of IBD, including, but not limited to
AbbVie, Allergan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim (adalimumab biosimilar in Pre-Registration), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene (mongersen sodium and ozanimod hydrochloride in Phase 3 clinical trials), Eli Lilly
and Company, Galapagos, Gilead, Lycera Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Pfizer (tofacitinib citrate in a Phase 3 clinical trial), Roche/Genentech (etrolizumab in a Phase&nbsp;3 clinical trial), Samsung Bioepis (adalimumab biosimilar in
Pre-Registration), Sandoz (adalimumab biosimilar in Phase 3), Shire, and UCB S.A. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe our principal competition in the treatment
of iron overload disorders, such as &szlig;-Thalassemia, HH and SCD, will come from other pipeline products being developed by companies such as Acceleron (luspatercept in a Phase&nbsp;3 clinical trial), bluebird bio (LentiGlobin in a Phase&nbsp;3
clinical trial), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Emmaus Medical (glutamine in pre-registration), Gilead, Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc., La Jolla Pharmaceutical, and Novartis AG, among others. We believe competition will also include approved iron chelation
therapies that have been developed by Novartis AG and Apotex, among others. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Intellectual Property </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We strive to protect and enhance the proprietary technology, inventions, and improvements that are commercially important to the development of
our business, including seeking, maintaining, and defending patent rights, whether developed internally or licensed from third parties. We also rely on trade secrets relating to our proprietary technology platform and on know-how, and continuing
technological innovation to develop, strengthen, and maintain our proprietary position in the field of peptide-based therapeutics that may be important for the development of our business. We will also take advantage of regulatory protection
afforded through data exclusivity, market exclusivity and patent term extensions where available. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our commercial success may depend in
part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other proprietary protection for commercially important technology, inventions and know-how related to our business; defend and enforce our patents; preserve the confidentiality of our trade
secrets; and operate without infringing the valid enforceable patents and proprietary rights of third parties. Our ability to stop third parties from making, </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products may depend on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets that cover these activities. We
cannot be sure that patents will be granted with respect to any of our pending patent applications or with respect to any patent applications filed by us in the future, nor can we be sure that any of our existing patents or any patents that may be
granted to us in the future will be commercially useful in protecting our commercial products and methods of manufacturing the same. For more information, please see &#147;Item 1A Risk Factors&#151;Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.&#148;
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have two issued patents and numerous patent applications related to our lead product candidates, and possess substantial know-how and
trade secrets relating to the development and commercialization of peptide based therapeutic products. Our proprietary intellectual property, including patent and non-patent intellectual property, is generally directed to, for example, peptide-based
therapeutic compositions, methods of using these peptide-based therapeutic compositions to treat or prevent disease, methods of manufacturing peptide-based therapeutic compositions, and other proprietary technologies and processes related to our
lead product development candidates. As of February&nbsp;10, 2017, our patent portfolio includes the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">two issued patents and approximately 44 patent applications that we exclusively own related to <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin peptide antagonists;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">approximately 13 patent applications that we exclusively own related to IL-23R antagonist peptides; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">approximately 24 patent applications that we exclusively own related to hepcidin analogues; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">other patent applications that we license or exclusively own related to our core technologies, including methods of peptide modification and characterization. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our objective is to continue to expand our portfolio of patents and patent applications in order to protect our product candidates and related
peptide-based drug technologies. Examples of the products and technology areas covered by our intellectual property portfolio are described below. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT
STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><I>4</I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT><I>7</I> <I>Integrin Antagonist Peptides</I> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><I></I>4<I></I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin antagonist peptide
patent portfolio includes one issued U.S. patent and pending patent applications directed to compositions of <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT><I>4</I><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin peptide monomers and dimers
cyclized through intramolecular bonds and containing amino acid modifications conferring increased stability, potency and/or selectivity, as well as methods of synthesizing and using these antagonist peptides to treat inflammatory disorders.
Applications are currently pending in the United States and other major jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, China, Japan, and Europe. Patent applications directed to PTG-100 composition of matter and uses thereof, if issued from the pending
patent applications and if the appropriate maintenance, renewal, annuity or other governmental fees are paid, are expected to expire in October 2035 (worldwide, excluding possible patent term extensions). We expect other patent applications in this
portfolio, if issued, and if the appropriate maintenance, renewal, annuity, or other governmental fees are paid, to result in patents that would expire from October 2033 to March 2037 (worldwide, excluding possible patent term extensions). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>IL-23R Antagonist Peptides </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The IL-23R
antagonist peptide patent portfolio includes patent applications directed to compositions of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IL-23R</FONT> antagonist peptides cyclized through intramolecular bonds and containing amino acid modifications conferring
increased stability, potency and/or selectivity, as well as methods of synthesizing and using these antagonist peptides to treat inflammatory disorders. Applications are currently pending in the United States and internationally. Patent applications
directed to PTG-200 composition of matter and uses thereof, if issued from the pending patent applications and if the appropriate maintenance, renewal, annuity or other governmental fees are paid, are expected to expire in July 2035 (worldwide,
excluding possible patent term extensions). We expect other patents and patent applications in this portfolio, if issued, and if the appropriate maintenance, renewal, annuity, or other governmental fees are paid, to expire from July 2035 to December
2036 (worldwide, excluding possible patent term extensions). </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">21 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Hepcidin Mimetics Analogues </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The hepcidin peptide analogues patent portfolio includes patent applications directed to compositions of hepcidin peptide analogues cyclized
through intramolecular bonds and containing amino acid modifications conferring increased stability, potency and/or selectivity, as well as methods of synthesizing and using these hepcidin peptide analogues to treat iron-related disorders.
Applications are currently pending in the United States and other major jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, China, Japan, and Europe. Patent applications directed to PTG-300 composition of matter and uses thereof, if issued from the pending
patent applications and if the appropriate maintenance, renewal, annuity or other governmental fees are paid, are expected to expire in March 2034 (worldwide, excluding possible patent term extensions). We expect other patents and patent
applications in this portfolio, if issued, and if the appropriate maintenance, renewal, annuity, or other governmental fees are paid, to expire from March 2034 to December 2036 (worldwide, excluding possible patent term extensions). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Other </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also license patents and patent
applications directed to processes and methods related to our technology platform. These patents have issued in the United States and other major jurisdictions, including Australia and Europe and are expected to expire between September 2019 and
February 2023. Material aspects of our technology platform are protected by trade secrets and confidentiality agreements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to
the above, we have established expertise and development capabilities focused in the areas of pre-clinical research and development, manufacturing and manufacturing process scale-up, quality control, quality assurance, regulatory affairs and
clinical trial design and implementation. We believe that our focus and expertise will help us develop products based on our proprietary intellectual property. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The term of individual patents depends upon the legal term of the patents in the countries in which they are obtained. In most countries in
which we file, the patent term is 20 years from the date of filing the non-provisional application. In the United States, a patent&#146;s term may be lengthened by patent term adjustment, which compensates a patentee for administrative delays by the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in granting a patent, or may be shortened if a patent is terminally disclaimed over an earlier-filed patent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The term of a patent that covers an FDA approved drug may also be eligible for patent term extension, which permits patent term restoration of
a U.S. patent as compensation for the patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. The Hatch-Waxman Act permits a patent term extension of up to five years beyond the expiration of the patent. The length of the patent term extension is
related to the length of time the drug is under regulatory review. A patent term extension cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the date of product approval and only one patent applicable to an approved drug
may be extended. Moreover, a patent can only be extended once, and thus, if a single patent is applicable to multiple products, it can only be extended based on one product. Similar provisions are available in Europe and other foreign jurisdictions
to extend the term of a patent that covers an approved drug. When possible, depending upon the length of clinical trials and other factors involved in the filing of a new drug application (&#147;NDA&#148;), we expect to apply for patent term
extensions for patents covering our product candidates and their methods of use. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Trade Secrets </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We rely on trade secrets to protect certain aspects of our technology, particularly in relation to our technology platform. However, trade
secrets can be difficult to protect. We seek to protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors and contractors. We also seek to preserve the
integrity and confidentiality of our data and trade secrets by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these individuals, organizations and
systems, agreements or security measures may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">22 </P>


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consultants, contractors or collaborators use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. For
more information, please see &#147;Item 1A Risk Factors&#151;Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Manufacturing </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We contract with third parties for the manufacturing of all of our product candidates, including PTG-100, PTG-200, and PTG-300, for
pre-clinical and clinical studies, and intend to continue to do so in the future. We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities and we have no plans to build any owned clinical or commercial scale manufacturing capabilities. We believe that
the use of contract manufacturing organization (&#147;CMOs&#148;) eliminates the need for us to directly invest in manufacturing facilities, equipment and additional staff. Although we rely on contract manufacturers, our personnel and consultants
have extensive manufacturing experience overseeing CMOs. We regularly consider second source or back-up manufacturers for both active pharmaceutical ingredient and drug product manufacturing. To date, our third-party manufacturers have met the
manufacturing requirements for the product candidates in a timely manner. We expect third-party manufacturers to be capable of providing sufficient quantities of our product candidates to meet anticipated full-scale commercial demands but we have
not assessed these capabilities beyond the supply of clinical materials to date. We currently engage CMOs on a &#147;fee for services&#148; basis based on our current development plans. We plan to identify CMOs and enter into longer term contracts
or commitments as we move our product candidates into Phase 3 clinical trials. We believe there are alternate sources of manufacturing that have been and could be engaged and enabled to satisfy its clinical and commercial requirements, however we
cannot guarantee that identifying and establishing alternative relationships with such sources will be successful, cost effective, or completed on a timely basis without significant delay in the development or commercialization of our product
candidates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Government Regulation </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in state and local jurisdictions and in other countries impose substantial and burdensome
requirements upon companies involved in the clinical development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of drugs, such as those we are developing. These agencies and other federal, state and local entities regulate, among other things, the
research and development, testing, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling and export and import of
our product candidates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>U.S. Government Regulation </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (&#147;FDCA&#148;) and its implementing
regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with applicable federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to
comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as the FDA&#146;s refusal to
approve pending NDAs, withdrawal of an approval, imposition of a clinical hold, issuance of warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government
contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The process required by the FDA before a drug may be marketed in the
United States generally involves the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">completion of pre-clinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies in compliance with the FDA&#146;s GLP regulations; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">submission to the FDA of an IND application, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">23 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">approval by an independent institutional review board (&#147;IRB&#148;) at each clinical site before each trial may be initiated; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with good clinical practice (&#147;GCP&#148;) requirements to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug product for each
indication; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">submission to the FDA of an NDA; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">satisfactory completion of an FDA advisory committee review, if applicable; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance with cGMP requirements and to assure that the facilities, methods and
controls are adequate to preserve the drug&#146;s identity, strength, quality and purity; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">FDA review and approval of the NDA. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Pre-clinical Studies </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pre-clinical studies include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess
potential safety and efficacy. An IND sponsor must submit the results of the pre-clinical tests, together with manufacturing information, analytical data and any available clinical data or literature, among other things, to the FDA as part of an
IND. Some pre-clinical testing may continue even after the IND is submitted. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless before that time the FDA raises concerns or questions related to one or more proposed
clinical trials and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. As a result, submission of an IND may not result in the FDA
allowing clinical trials to commence. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Clinical Trials </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to human subjects under the supervision of qualified investigators
in accordance with GCP requirements, which include the requirement that all research subjects provide their informed consent in writing for their participation in any clinical trial. Clinical trials are conducted under protocols detailing, among
other things, the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety, and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. A protocol for each clinical trial and any subsequent protocol amendments must be submitted to the FDA as part
of the IND (or equivalent submission ex-US). In addition, an IRB or ethics committee (&#147;EC&#148;) at each institution participating in the clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that
institution. Information about certain clinical trials must be submitted within specific timeframes to the National Institutes of Health (&#147;NIH&#148;) for public dissemination on their www.clinicaltrials.gov website. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, which may overlap or be combined: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Phase 1: The drug is initially introduced into healthy human subjects or patients with the target disease or condition and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and, if
possible, to gain an early indication of its effectiveness. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Phase 2: The drug is administered to a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted diseases and to
determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Phase 3: The drug is administered to an expanded patient population, generally at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites, in well-controlled clinical trials to generate enough data to statistically evaluate the
efficacy and safety of the product for approval, to establish the overall risk-benefit profile of the product, and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the product. </TD></TR></TABLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually
to the FDA and more frequently if serious adverse events occur. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials may not be completed successfully within any specified period, or at all. Furthermore, the FDA or the sponsor may suspend or terminate a
clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly, an IRB or EC can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical trial at its institution if the
clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB&#146;s requirements or if the drug has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Marketing Approval </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Assuming successful
completion of the required clinical testing, the results of the pre-clinical and clinical studies, together with detailed information relating to the product&#146;s chemistry, manufacture, controls and proposed labeling, among other things, are
submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA requesting approval to market the product for one or more indications. In most cases, the submission of an NDA is subject to a substantial application user fee. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act
(&#147;PDUFA&#148;) guidelines that are currently in effect, the FDA has a goal of ten months from the date of &#147;filing&#148; of a standard NDA for a new molecular entity to review and act on the submission. This review typically takes twelve
months from the date the NDA is submitted to FDA because the FDA has approximately two months to make a &#147;filing&#148; decision. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In
addition, under the Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003 (&#147;PREA&#148;), as amended and reauthorized, certain NDAs or supplements to an NDA must contain data that are adequate to assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug for the claimed
indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations, and to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the product is safe and effective. The FDA may, on its own initiative or at the request of the applicant, grant
deferrals for submission of some or all pediatric data until after approval of the product for use in adults, or full or partial waivers from the pediatric data requirements. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA also may require submission of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (&#147;REMS&#148;), plan to ensure that the benefits of the
drug outweigh its risks. The REMS plan could include medication guides, physician communication plans, assessment plans, and/or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries, or other risk minimization
tools. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA conducts a preliminary review of all NDAs within the first 60 days after submission, before accepting them for filing, to
determine whether they are sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. In this event, the application must be resubmitted with the additional information. The
resubmitted application is also subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth substantive review. The FDA reviews an NDA to determine, among other things, whether the
drug is safe and effective and whether the facility in which it is manufactured, processed, packaged or held meets standards designed to assure the product&#146;s continued safety, quality and purity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA may refer an application for a novel drug to an advisory committee. An advisory committee is a panel of independent experts, including
clinicians and other scientific experts, that reviews, evaluates and provides a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it
considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Before approving an NDA, the FDA typically will inspect the facility or
facilities where the product is manufactured. The FDA will not approve an application unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the
product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA, the FDA may inspect one or more clinical trial sites to assure compliance with GCP requirements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">25 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">After evaluating the NDA and all related information, including the advisory committee
recommendation, if any, and inspection reports regarding the manufacturing facilities and clinical trial sites, the FDA may issue an approval letter, or, in some cases, a complete response letter. A complete response letter generally contains a
statement of specific conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA and may require additional clinical or pre-clinical testing in order for FDA to reconsider the application. Even with submission of this additional
information, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval. If and when those conditions have been met to the FDA&#146;s satisfaction, the FDA will typically issue an approval letter. An
approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Even if the
FDA approves a product, it may limit the approved indications for use of the product, require that contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling, require that post-approval studies, including Phase 4 clinical trials,
be conducted to further assess a drug&#146;s safety after approval, require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the product after commercialization, or impose other conditions, including distribution and use restrictions or other risk
management mechanisms under a REMS, which can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the product. The FDA may prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of post-marketing studies or surveillance
programs. After approval, some types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes and additional labeling claims, are subject to further testing requirements and FDA review and approval. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Orphan Designation </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA may grant
orphan designation to drugs or biologics intended to treat a rare disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or if it affects more than 200,000 individuals in the United States, there is no reasonable
expectation that the cost of developing and marketing the product for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales in the United States.&nbsp;Orphan designation must be requested before submitting a NDA or Biologics License
Application (&#147;BLA&#148;). After the FDA grants orphan designation, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. Orphan designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration
of the regulatory review and approval process. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In the United States, orphan designation entitles a party to financial incentives such as
opportunities for grant funding towards clinical trial costs, tax advantages and user-fee waivers. In addition, if a product receives the first FDA approval for the indication for which it has orphan designation, the product is entitled to orphan
exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other application to market the same product for the same indication for a period of seven&nbsp;years, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority over the product
with orphan exclusivity or where the manufacturer with orphan exclusivity is unable to assure sufficient quantities of the approved orphan designated product. Competitors, however, may receive approval of different products for the indication for
which the orphan product has exclusivity or obtain approval for the same product but for a different indication for which the orphan product has exclusivity. Orphan product exclusivity also could block the approval of one of our products for seven
years if a competitor obtains approval of the same biological product as defined by the FDA or if our product candidate is determined to be contained within the competitor&#146;s product for the same indication or disease. If a drug or biological
product designated as an orphan product receives marketing approval for an indication broader than what is designated, it may not be entitled to orphan product exclusivity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Post-Approval Requirements </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Drugs
manufactured or distributed pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, periodic reporting, product sampling and distribution,
advertising and promotion and reporting of adverse experiences with the product. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">26 </P>


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claims are subject to prior FDA review and approval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are
manufactured, as well as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA may impose a number of
post-approval requirements as a condition of approval of an NDA. For example, the FDA may require post-marketing testing, including Phase 4 clinical trials, and surveillance to further assess and monitor the product&#146;s safety and effectiveness
after commercialization. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, drug manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved
drugs are required to register their establishments with the FDA and state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and these state agencies for compliance with cGMP requirements. Changes to the manufacturing process
are strictly regulated and often require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP requirements and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon the
sponsor and any third-party manufacturers that the sponsor may decide to use. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Once an approval is granted, the FDA may withdraw the approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or
if problems occur after the product reaches the market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with
regulatory requirements, may result in mandatory revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of post-market studies or clinical trials to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution or other restrictions
under a REMS program. Other potential consequences include, among other things: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, complete withdrawal of the product from the market or product recalls; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">fines, warning letters or holds on post-approval clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">refusal of the FDA to approve pending NDAs or supplements to approved NDAs, or suspension or revocation of product approvals; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products; or </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The FDA strictly regulates
marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of products that are placed on the market. Drugs may be promoted only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agencies actively
enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Coverage and Reimbursement </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Sales of our
product candidates, if approved, will depend, in part, on the extent to which the cost of such products will be covered and adequately reimbursed by third-party payors, such as government healthcare programs, commercial insurance and managed health
care organizations. These third-party payors are increasingly limiting coverage and/or reducing reimbursements for medical products and services by challenging the prices and examining the medical necessity and cost-effectiveness of medical products
and services, in addition to their safety and efficacy. If these third-party payors do not consider our products to be cost-effective compared to other therapies, they may not cover our products after approval as a benefit under their plans or, if
they do, the level of payment may not be sufficient to allow us to sell our products on a profitable basis. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">27 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There is no uniform policy requirement for coverage and reimbursement for drug products exists
among third-party payors in the United States. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for drug products can differ significantly from payor to payor.&nbsp;The coverage determination process can be a time-consuming and costly process that may require
us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained or applied consistently. Even if reimbursement is provided, market
acceptance of our products may be adversely affected if the amount of payment for our products proves to be unprofitable for health care providers or less profitable than alternative treatments, or if administrative burdens make our products less
desirable to use. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the U.S. government, state legislatures and foreign governments have continued implementing
cost-containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic products.&nbsp;Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in
jurisdictions with existing controls and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. Decreases in third-party reimbursement for our product candidates or a decision by a third-party payor to not cover our product candidates could
reduce physician usage of our products candidates, once approved, and have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations and financial condition. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, collectively referred
to as the ACA, enacted in March 2010, has had and is expected to continue to have a significant impact on the health care industry. The ACA, among other things, imposes a significant annual fee on certain companies that manufacture or import branded
prescription drug products. The ACA also increased the Medicaid rebate rate and expanded the rebate program to include Medicaid managed care organizations. It also contains substantial new provisions intended to broaden access to health insurance,
reduce or constrain the growth of health care spending, enhance remedies against health care fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the health care industry, impose new taxes and fees on pharmaceutical manufacturers, and impose
additional health policy reforms, any or all of which may affect our business. Since its enactment, there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and there may be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA
in the future.&nbsp;The ACA is likely to continue the downward pressure on pharmaceutical pricing, and may also increase our regulatory burdens and operating costs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other legislative changes have also been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. For example, the Budget Control Act of 2011 resulted
in aggregate reductions in Medicare payments to providers of 2%&nbsp;per fiscal year, which went into effect in 2013 and, following passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, will stay in effect through 2025 unless additional Congressional action
is taken. Additionally, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers
from three to five years. These new laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other health care funding. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">It is uncertain
whether and how future legislation, whether domestic or foreign, could affect prospects for our product candidates or what actions foreign, federal, state, or private payors for health care treatment and services may take in response to any such
health care reform proposals or legislation. Adoption of price controls and other cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures reforms may prevent or limit our ability to
generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our product candidates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Other Health Care Laws and Compliance Requirements </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will also be subject to health care regulation and enforcement by the federal government and the states and foreign governments in which we
will conduct our business once our products are approved. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to: the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (&#147;HIPAA&#148;), as amended by the
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, which governs the conduct of certain electronic health care transactions and protects the </P>
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security and privacy of protected health information. Criminal health care fraud statutes under HIPAA also prohibits persons and entities from knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to
defraud any health care benefit program, including private payors, or knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of
or payment for health care benefits, items or services; the federal health care programs&#146; Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration,
directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service for which payment may be made under federal health care programs such as the Medicare and
Medicaid programs; federal false claims laws and civil monetary penalties laws that prohibit, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or
knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to have a false claim paid; and the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, and medical supplies for which payment is available
under Medicare, Medicaid, or Children&#146;s Health Insurance Program to report annually to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services information related to payments and other transfers of value made to physicians (defined to include doctors,
dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The majority of states also have statutes or regulations similar to the aforementioned federal anti-kickback and false claims laws, which
apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payor. We may be subject to state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances,
many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts. In addition, we may be subject to reporting requirements under state transparency laws, as well as state laws that
require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the industry&#146;s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government that otherwise restricts certain payments that may be made to health
care providers and entities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of available statutory and regulatory exceptions, it
is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. If we or our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply
to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, individual imprisonment, disgorgement, exclusion of products from reimbursement under U.S. federal or state health care programs, and the curtailment or
restructuring of our operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Government Regulation Outside of the United States </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to regulations in the United States, we will be subject to a variety of regulations in other jurisdictions governing, among other
things, clinical studies and any commercial sales and distribution of our products. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product,
we must obtain the requisite approvals from regulatory authorities in foreign countries prior to the commencement of clinical studies or marketing of the product in those countries. Certain countries outside of the United States have a similar
process that requires the submission of a clinical study application much like the IND prior to the commencement of human clinical studies. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The requirements and process governing the conduct of clinical studies, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary from country to
country. In all cases, the clinical studies are conducted in accordance with GCP and the applicable regulatory requirements and the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we fail to comply with applicable foreign regulatory requirements, we may be subject to, among other things, fines, suspension or
withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">29 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The requirements for conducting clinical trials in Australia, where we anticipate conducting
Phase 1 trials for PTG-200 and PTG-300, are as follows: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Conducting clinical trials for therapeutic drug candidates in Australia is
subject to regulation by Australian governmental entities. Approval for inclusion in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (&#147;ARTG&#148;) is required before a pharmaceutical drug product may be marketed in Australia. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Typically, the process of obtaining approval of a new therapeutic drug product for inclusion in the ARTG requires compilation of clinical
trial data. Clinical trials conducted using &#147;unapproved therapeutic goods&#148; in Australia, being those which have not yet been evaluated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (&#147;TGA&#148;) for quality, safety and efficacy must occur
pursuant to either the CTN or Clinical Trial Exemption (&#147;CTX&#148;), process. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The CTN process broadly involves: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">completion of pre-clinical laboratory and animal testing; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">submission to a Human Research Ethics Committee (&#147;HREC&#148;) of all material relating to the proposed clinical trial, including the trial protocol. The TGA does not review any data relating to the clinical trial;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">final approval for the conduct of the clinical trial by the institution or organization at which the clinical trial will be conducted (&#147;Approving Authority&#148;), having due regard to the advice from the HREC; and
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">notification of the clinical trial to the TGA. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The CTX process broadly involves: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">submission of an application to conduct a clinical trial to the TGA for evaluation and comment; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a sponsor cannot commence a CTX trial until written advice has been received from the TGA regarding the application and approval for the conduct of the trial has been obtained from an ethics committee and the
institution at which the trial will be conducted; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">receipt of written advice from the TGA regarding the application. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">receipt of approval for the conduct of the trial from an ethics committee and the institution at which the trial will be conducted. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In each case, it is required that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">adequate and well-controlled clinical trials demonstrate the quality, safety and efficacy of the therapeutic product; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">evidence is compiled which demonstrates that the manufacture of the therapeutic drug product complies with the principles of cGMP; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">manufacturing and clinical data is derived to submit to the Australian Committee on Prescription Medicines, which makes recommendations to the TGA as to whether or not to grant approval to include the therapeutic drug
product in the ARTG; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">an ultimate decision is made by the TGA whether to include the therapeutic drug product in the ARTG. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pre-clinical studies include laboratory evaluation of the therapeutic drug product as well as animal studies to assess the potential safety
and efficacy of the drug. The results of the pre-clinical studies form part of the materials submitted to the HREC in the case of a CTN trial and part of the application to the TGA in the case of a CTX trial. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Clinical trials involve administering the investigational product to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified
principal investigator. The TGA has developed guidelines for a CTN. Under the CTN process, all material relating to the proposed trial is submitted directly to the HREC of each institution at which the trial is to be conducted. An HREC is an
independent review committee set up under guidelines of the </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">30 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The role of an HREC is to ensure the protection of rights, safety and wellbeing of human subjects involved in a clinical trial by, among
other things, reviewing, approving and providing continuing review of trial protocols and amendments, and of the methods and material to be used in obtaining and documenting informed consent of the trial subjects. The TGA is formally notified by
submission of a CTN application but does not review the safety of the drug or any aspect of the proposed clinical trial. The approving authority of each institution gives the final approval for the conduct of the clinical trial, having due regard to
advice from the HREC. Following approval, responsibility for all aspects of the trial conducted under a CTN application remains with the HREC of each investigator&#146;s institution. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The standards for clinical research in Australia are set by the TGA and the National Health and Medical Research Council, and compliance with
GCP is mandatory.&nbsp;Guidelines, such as those promulgated by the International Conference on Harmonization&nbsp;of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (&#147;ICH&#148;), are required across all fields,
including those related to pharmaceutical quality, nonclinical and clinical data requirements and study designs. The basic requirements for preclinical data to support a first-in-human study under ICH guidelines are applicable in Australia.
Requirements related to adverse event reporting in Australia are similar to those required in other major jurisdictions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Employees </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had 35 full-time employees, 27 of whom were in research and development of which 2 hold an M.D. and 10 hold
Ph.D. degrees. The remaining 8 employees worked in finance, business development, human resources and administrative support of which 2 hold a Ph.D. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining
agreement. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Corporate and Other Information </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist Pty Limited (&#147;Protagonist Australia&#148;) was incorporated in Australia in September 2001. We were incorporated as a Delaware
corporation in 2006, under the name Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc., and became the parent of Protagonist Australia pursuant to a transaction in which all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Protagonist Australia was exchanged for shares
of our common stock and Series A preferred stock. Our principal executive offices are located at 521 Cottonwood Drive, Suite 100, Milpitas, California 95035. Our telephone number is (408)&nbsp;649-7370. Our website address is
www.protagonist-inc.com. References to our website address do not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the website, and the information contained on the website is not part of this document. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We make available, free of charge on our corporate website, copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current
Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements, and all amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a) or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act. We also show detail about stock trading by corporate insiders by providing access to SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5. This information may also be obtained from the SEC&#146;s on-line database, which is located at
www.sec.gov. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol &#147;PTGX.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are an &#147;emerging growth
company,&#148; as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. As such, we are eligible for exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not
limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation. We will remain an emerging growth company
until the earlier of (1)&nbsp;December&nbsp;31, 2021, (2)&nbsp;the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues are $1.0 billion or more, (3)&nbsp;the date on which we have, during the previous rolling three-year period,
issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities, and (4)&nbsp;the date on which we are deemed to be a &#147;large accelerated filer&#148; as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">31 </P>


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<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_2"></A>Item&nbsp;1A.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Risk Factors </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You
should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section of this report titled &#147;Management&#146;s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#148; and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. We cannot assure you that any of the events discussed in the risk factors below will not occur. The occurrence of any of
the events or developments described below could have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows and future prospects and, if so, our future prospects would likely be materially and
adversely affected. If any of such events were to happen, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Although we have discussed all known material risks, the risks described below are not
the only ones that we may face, and additional risks or uncertainties not known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and future prospects. </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Requirements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We have incurred significant losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future. We
have never generated any revenue from product sales and may never be profitable. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have incurred significant operating losses
since our inception in 2006. Our net loss for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 was approximately $37.2 million, $14.9 million, and $11.1 million, respectively. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of
$64.6 million. Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders&#146; equity and working capital. We expect to continue incurring significant research, development and
other expenses related to our ongoing operations and product development, and as a result, we expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future. We also expect these losses to increase as we continue our development of, and seek
regulatory approvals for, our peptide-based product candidates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not anticipate generating revenue from sales of products for the
foreseeable future, if ever, and we do not currently have any product candidates in registration or pivotal clinical trials. If any of our peptide-based product candidates fail in clinical trials or do not gain regulatory approval, or even if
approved, fail to achieve market acceptance, we may never become profitable. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Failure to become and remain profitable may
adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise capital and continue operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If one or more of our
peptide-based product candidates is approved for commercial sale and we retain commercial rights, we anticipate incurring significant costs associated with manufacturing and commercializing such approved peptide-based product candidate. Therefore,
even if we are able to generate revenue from the sale of any approved product, we may never become profitable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We are an early clinical-stage
biopharmaceutical company with no approved products and no historical product revenue, which makes it difficult to assess our future prospects and financial results. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are an early clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business and
prospects. Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of uncertainty. Our operations to date have been limited to developing our technology, undertaking pre-clinical studies and
clinical trials of our pipeline candidates, including pre-clinical studies and clinical trial of PTG-100 and pre-clinical studies of PTG-200 and PTG-300, as well as our proprietary technology platform. We successfully filed a CTN in Australia to
support our completed Phase 1 clinical trial of PTG-100. We have successfully filed a U.S. IND application to support our ongoing </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">32 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Phase 2b study of PTG-100 in ulcerative colitis (&#147;UC&#148;). As an early clinical-stage company, we have not yet demonstrated an ability to generate revenue or successfully overcome many of
the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in new and rapidly evolving fields such as biopharmaceutical drug discovery and development. Consequently, the ability to accurately assess our future operating results or business
prospects is significantly more limited than if we had a longer operating history or approved products on the market. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We expect that our
financial condition and operating results will fluctuate significantly from period to period due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the clinical outcomes from the continued development of our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">potential side effects of our product candidates that could delay or prevent approval or cause an approved drug to be taken off the market; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to obtain, as well as the timeliness of obtaining, additional funding to develop, and potentially manufacture and commercialize our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">competition from existing products directed against the same biological target or therapeutic indications of our product candidates as well as new products that may receive marketing approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the entry of generic versions of products that compete with our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timing of regulatory review and approval of our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">market acceptance of our product candidates that receive regulatory approval, if any; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to establish an effective sales and marketing infrastructure directly or through collaborations with third parties; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability of patients or healthcare providers to obtain coverage or sufficient reimbursement for our products; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">whether Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson Development Corporation (&#147;JJDC&#148;) decides to exercise its rights of first negotiation on any of our assets that are subject to the Letter Agreement with JJDC, including
PTG-200, and we have to negotiate with JJDC for prolonged periods pursuant to the aforementioned agreement; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability of third party manufacturers to manufacture in accordance with current good manufacturing practices (&#147;cGMP&#148;) our product candidates for the conduct of clinical trials and, if approved, for
successful commercialization; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability as well as the ability of any third party collaborators, to obtain, maintain and protect intellectual property rights covering our product candidates and technologies, and our ability to develop, manufacture
and commercialize our product candidates without infringing on the intellectual property rights of others; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to add infrastructure and manage adequately our future growth; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to attract and retain key personnel with appropriate expertise and experience to manage our business effectively. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accordingly, the likelihood of our success must be evaluated in light of many potential challenges and variables associated with an
early-stage biopharmaceutical company, many of which are outside of our control, and past results, including operating or financial results, should not be relied on as an indication of future results. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We will require substantial additional funding, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We conducted a Phase 1 clinical trial of PTG-100 in healthy
volunteers and we have initiated a Phase 2b clinical trial of PTG-100 in patients with </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">33 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
moderate-to-severe UC, and we have also commenced IND-enabling studies of PTG-200 and PTG-300. Developing pharmaceutical product candidates, including conducting pre-clinical studies and clinical
trials, is expensive. We will require substantial additional future capital in order to complete clinical development and, if we are successful, to commercialize any of our current product candidates. If the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(&#147;FDA&#148;) or any foreign regulatory agency, such as the European Medicines Agency (&#147;EMA&#148;), requires that we perform studies or trials in addition to those that we currently anticipate with respect to the development of PTG-100,
PTG-200 or any of our other product candidates, or repeat studies or trials, our expenses would further increase beyond what we currently expect, and any delay resulting from such further or repeat studies or trials could also result in the need for
additional financing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Based upon our current operating plan and expected expenditures, we believe that our existing cash, cash
equivalents, and available-for-sale securities will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. Our existing capital resources will not be sufficient to enable us to initiate any pivotal clinical trials. Accordingly, we
expect that we will need to raise substantial additional funds in the future in order to complete clinical development or commercialize any of our product candidates. Our funding requirements and the timing of our need for additional capital are
subject to change based on a number of factors, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the rate of progress and the cost of our studies of PTG-100, PTG-200, and PTG-300 and any other product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the number of product candidates that we intend to develop using our technology platform; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of research and pre-clinical studies to support the advancement of other product candidates into clinical development; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timing of, and costs involved in, seeking and obtaining approvals from the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities, including the potential by the FDA or comparable regulatory authorities to require that
we perform more studies than those that we currently expect; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of preparing to manufacture PTG-100, PTG-200 or PTG-300 on a scale sufficient to enable large-scale clinical trials and commercial supply; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timing and cost of transitioning our product formulations into the formulations we intend to use in registration trials and commercialize; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of commercialization activities if PTG-100, PTG-200, PTG-300 or any future product candidate is approved, including the formation of a sales force; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the degree and rate of market acceptance of any products launched by us or our partners; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our need and ability to hire and retain additional personnel; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to enter into additional collaboration, licensing, commercialization or other arrangements and the terms and timing of such arrangements; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the emergence of competing technologies or other adverse market developments. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we are
unable to obtain additional funding from equity offerings or debt financings, including on a timely basis, we may be required to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">seek collaborators for one or more of our peptide-based product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">relinquish or license on unfavorable terms our rights to technologies or peptide-based product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves; or </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">significantly curtail one or more of our research or development programs or cease operations altogether. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">34 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations or
require us to relinquish rights to our peptide-based product candidates or technologies. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may seek additional funding through a
combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations and/or licensing arrangements. Additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity
or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a stockholder. The incurrence of indebtedness and/or the issuance of certain
equity securities could result in fixed payment obligations and could also result in certain additional restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur debt and/or issue additional equity, limitations on our ability to acquire or
license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. In addition, the issuance of additional equity securities by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause
the market price of our common stock to decline. In the event that we enter into collaborations and/or licensing arrangements in order to raise capital, we may be required to accept unfavorable terms, including relinquishing or licensing to a third
party on unfavorable terms our rights to our proprietary technology platform or peptide-based product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or potentially reserve for future potential arrangements when we
might be able to achieve more favorable terms. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our Business and Industry </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We are heavily dependent on the success of our lead product candidates, PTG-100, which is in early-stage clinical development, and PTG-200, which is in
pre-clinical development, and the development of other product candidates such as PTG-300, and if any of these products fail to receive regulatory approval or are not successfully commercialized, our business would be adversely affected.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We currently have no product candidates that are in registration or pivotal clinical trials or are approved for commercial sale,
and we may never be able to develop a marketable product. We expect that a substantial portion of our efforts and expenditures over the next few years will be devoted to our lead product candidates, PTG-100 and PTG-200 targeting inflammatory bowel
disease (&#147;IBD&#148;), and the development of other product candidates such as PTG-300 which targets iron overload disorders. We cannot be certain that PTG-100, PTG-200, PTG-300 or any other product candidates will receive regulatory approval
or, if approved, be successfully commercialized. The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, sale, marketing and distribution of PTG-100, PTG-200, and PTG-300 will remain subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory
authorities in the United States and other countries, each of which has differing regulations. In addition, even if approved, our pricing and reimbursement will be subject to further review and discussions with payors. We are not permitted to market
any product candidate in the United States until after approval of a new drug application (&#147;NDA&#148;) from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until after approval of a marketing application by corresponding regulatory authorities. We
completed a Phase 1 clinical trial for PTG-100 in June 2016. We will need to conduct larger, more extensive clinical trials in the target patient population to support a potential application for regulatory approval by the FDA or corresponding
regulatory authorities, and we do not expect to be in a position to do so for the near term. We will not receive any preferential or expedited review of any application for regulatory approval by virtue of the fact that our product candidates target
biological pathways that are also targeted by currently marketed injectable antibody drugs, and our product candidates will be subject to the regulatory review processes applicable to completely new drugs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have not previously submitted an NDA to the FDA, or similar drug approval filings to comparable foreign authorities, for any product
candidate, and we cannot be certain that any of our product candidates will be successful in clinical trial or receive regulatory approval. Filing an application and obtaining regulatory approval for a pharmaceutical product candidate is an
extensive, lengthy, expensive and inherently uncertain process, and the regulatory authorities may delay, limit or deny approval of our product candidates for many reasons, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may not be able to demonstrate that any of our product candidates is safe and effective to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">35 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials prior to granting approval, which would increase our costs and extend the pre-approval development
process; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the results of our clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical or clinical significance required by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA may disagree with the number, design, size, conduct or statistical analysis of one or more of our clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">contract research organizations (&#147;CROs&#148;) that we retain to conduct clinical trials may take actions outside of our control that materially and adversely impact our clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with, or not accept, our interpretation of data from our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA may require development of a costly and extensive risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (&#147;REMS&#148;), as a condition of approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA may identify deficiencies in our manufacturing processes or facilities or those of our third-party manufacturers which would be required to be corrected prior to regulatory approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the success or further approval of competitor products approved in indications in which we undertake development of our product candidates may change the standard of care or change the standard for approval of our
product candidate in our proposed indications; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may change their approval policies or adopt new regulations. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our peptide-based product candidates will require additional research, clinical development, manufacturing activities, regulatory approval in
multiple jurisdictions (if regulatory approval can be obtained at all), securing sources of commercial manufacturing supply and building of or partnering with a commercial organization. We cannot assure you that our clinical trials for PTG-100 or
our planned clinical trials for PTG-200 will be initiated or completed in a timely manner or successfully, or at all. Further we cannot be certain that we plan to advance any other peptide-based product candidates into clinical trials. Moreover, any
delay or setback in the development of any product candidate, in particular PTG-100, PTG-200, or PTG-300, would be expected to adversely affect our business and cause our stock price to fall. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if we are
ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our
business and future profitability is substantially dependent on our ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for and then successfully commercialize our most advanced peptide-based product candidates, PTG-100, which is in an
ongoing Phase 2b trial, and PTG-200 and PTG-300, which are in pre-clinical development. We are not permitted to market or promote any of our peptide-based product candidates before we receive regulatory approval from the FDA, the EMA or any other
foreign regulatory authority, and we may never receive such regulatory approval for any of our peptide-based product candidates. The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable, typically takes
many years following the commencement of clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of regulatory authorities. Approval policies, regulations and the types and amount of clinical and manufacturing data
necessary to gain approval may change during the course of clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate and it is possible that none of our existing product candidates or
any product candidates we have in development or may seek to develop in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">36 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including the
following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with the design or implementation of our clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that a product candidate is safe and effective for its proposed indication; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the results of clinical trials may fail to achieve the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may be unable to demonstrate that a product candidate&#146;s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our interpretation of data submitted in support of regulatory approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the data collected from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of our peptide-based product candidates may not be sufficient to support the submission of an NDA, supplemental NDA, Biologics License Application
(&#147;BLA&#148;) or other regulatory submissions necessary to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we or our contractors may not meet the GMP and other applicable requirements for manufacturing processes, procedures, documentation and facilities necessary for approval by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory
authorities; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes to the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities with respect to our product candidates may result in our clinical data becoming insufficient for approval.
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The lengthy regulatory approval process as well as the unpredictability of future clinical trial results may result in our
failing to obtain regulatory approval to market PTG-100 and PTG-200, our lead product candidates, or any other product candidate, such as PTG-300, which would harm our business, results of operations and prospects significantly. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, even if we were to obtain regulatory approval, regulatory authorities may approve our product candidates for fewer or more
limited indications than what we requested approval for, may include safety warnings or other restrictions that may negatively impact the commercial viability of our product candidates, including the potential for a favorable price or reimbursement
at a level that we would otherwise intend to charge for our products. Likewise, regulatory authorities may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials or the conduct of an expensive REMS, which could
significantly reduce the potential for commercial success or viability of our product candidates. Any of the foregoing possibilities could materially harm the prospects for our product candidates and business and operations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have not previously submitted an NDA, a BLA, a Marketing Authorization Application (&#147;MAA&#148;), or any corresponding drug approval
filing to the FDA, the EMA or any comparable foreign authority for any peptide-based product candidate. Further, our product candidates may not receive regulatory approval even if we complete such filings. If we do not receive regulatory approvals
for our product candidates, we may not be able to continue our operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Clinical development is a lengthy and expensive process with an
uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results. Clinical failure can occur at any stage of clinical development. Further, we have never conducted a Phase 2 or Phase 3 clinical trial or
submitted an NDA. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain.
Failure can occur at any time during the clinical development process. The results of pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials of our product candidates and studies and trials of other products may not be predictive of the
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">37 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
results of later-stage clinical trials. In addition to our planned pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, we expect to have to complete at least two large scale, or adequate, well-controlled
trials to demonstrate substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for each product candidate we intend to commercialize. Further, given the patient populations for which we are developing therapeutics, we expect to have to evaluate long-term
exposure to establish the safety of our therapeutics in a chronic dose setting. We have never conducted a Phase 2 or Phase 3 clinical trial or submitted an NDA, and as a result, we have no history or track-record to rely on when entering these
phases of the development cycle. For example, the results generated to date in pre-clinical studies and the Phase 1 clinical trial for PTG-100 do not ensure that future Phase 2 clinical trials or later clinical trials will have similar results or be
successful. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through pre-clinical studies and initial clinical trials. Clinical trial failures may result from a
multitude of factors including, but not limited to, flaws in trial design, dose selection, placebo effect, patient enrollment criteria and failure to demonstrate favorable safety and/or efficacy traits of the product candidate. A number of companies
in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Based upon negative or inconclusive results, we
may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or pre-clinical studies. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may experience delays in
ongoing clinical trials, and we do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll patients on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including
delays related to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtaining regulatory approvals to commence a clinical trial; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">fraud or negligence on the part of CROs, contract manufacturing organizations (&#147;CMOs&#148;), consultants or contractors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtaining institutional review board (&#147;IRB&#148;) or ethics committee (&#147;EC&#148;), approval at each site; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">recruiting suitable patients to participate in a clinical trial; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">having patients complete a clinical trial or return for post-treatment follow-up; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">clinical sites deviating from the clinical trial&#146;s protocol or dropping out of a clinical trial; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">adding new clinical trial sites; or </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">manufacturing sufficient quantities of product candidate for use in clinical trials. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We could
encounter delays if a clinical trial is modified, suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs or ECs of the institutions in which such clinical trials are being conducted, by a Data Safety Monitoring Board, for such trial or by the FDA or other
regulatory authorities. Such authorities may impose a modification, suspension or termination due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical trial protocols,
inspection of the clinical trial operations or clinical trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from
using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. If we experience delays in the completion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of our product candidates,
the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed and our ability to generate product revenue from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs,
slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenue. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition,
many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, data obtained from trials and studies are susceptible to varying interpretations,
and regulators may not interpret our data as favorably as we do, which may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Enrollment and retention of
patients in clinical trials is an expensive and time-consuming process and could be made more difficult or rendered impossible by multiple factors outside our control. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may encounter delays in enrolling, be unable to enroll or maintain, a sufficient number of patients to complete any of our clinical trials.
Patient enrollment and retention in clinical trials is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials and depends on many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, the nature of the trial protocol, the existing body of
safety and efficacy data with respect to the study drug, the number and nature of competing treatments and ongoing clinical trials of competing drugs for the same indication, the proximity of patients to clinical trial sites and the eligibility
criteria for the clinical trial. Furthermore, any negative results we may report in clinical trials of our product candidates may make it difficult or impossible to recruit and retain patients in other clinical trials of that same candidate. For
example, we are aware of a number of therapies that are commercialized or are being developed for IBD and we expect to face competition from these investigational drugs or approved drugs for potential subjects in our clinical trials, which may delay
the pace of enrollment in our planned clinical trials. Delays or failures in planned patient enrollment or retention may result in increased costs, program delays or both, which could have a harmful effect on our ability to develop our product
candidates, or could render further development impossible. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>All of our peptide-based product candidates other than PTG-100 are in research or
pre-clinical development and have not entered into clinical trials. If we are unable to develop, test and commercialize our peptide-based product candidates, our business will be adversely affected. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As part of our strategy, we also seek to discover, develop and commercialize a portfolio of new peptide-based product candidates in addition
to PTG-100. Research programs to identify appropriate biological targets pathways and product candidates require substantial scientific, technical, financial and human resources, whether or not any product candidates are ultimately identified. Our
research programs may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, yet fail to yield product candidates for clinical development for many reasons, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our financial and internal resources are insufficient; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our research methodology used may not be successful in identifying potential product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">competitors may develop alternatives that render our product candidates uncompetitive; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our other product candidates may be shown to have harmful side effects or other characteristics that indicate such product candidate is unlikely to be effective or otherwise unlikely to achieve applicable regulatory
approval; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our product candidates may not be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost, or at all; or </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a product candidate may not be accepted by patients, the medical community, healthcare providers or third-party payors. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our research and development strategy for our lead product candidates relies in large part on clinical data and results obtained from antibody and small
molecule products that are approved or in late-stage development that could ultimately prove to be inaccurate or unreliable for use with our peptide-based product candidate approach. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As part of our strategy to mitigate clinical development risk, we seek to develop peptide-based product candidates against biological targets
and pathways which have been identified as addressable by approved or later stage products in development. While we utilize pre-clinical<I> in vivo</I> and<I> in vitro</I> models as well as clinical </P>

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biomarkers to assess potential safety and efficacy early in the candidate selection and development process, this strategy necessarily relies upon clinical data and other results obtained by
third parties that may ultimately prove to be inaccurate or unreliable or otherwise not applicable to the indications in which we develop our peptide-based product candidates. We will have to conduct clinical trials to show the safety and efficacy
of our peptide-based product candidates against the identified biological targets and pathways to show that our peptide-based product candidates can address the identified mechanism of action shown by these third party results. For example, PTG-100
is an <FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 integrin antagonist that targets the same target as the currently marketed injectable antibody drug, Entyvio <SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, and PTG-200 targets the IL-23 biological pathway, which is a pathway targeted by the currently marketed injectable antibody drug, Stelara
<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>, approved for treatment of psoriasis and Crohn&#146;s disease. If our interpretation of the third party clinical data and results from molecules directed against the same biological target
or pathway or our pre-clinical<I> in vivo</I> and<I> in vitro</I> models prove inaccurate or our assumptions and conclusions about the applicability of our peptide-based product candidates against the same biological targets or pathways are
incorrect or inaccurate, then our development efforts may prove longer and more extensive and our research and development strategy and business and operations could be significantly harmed. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our proprietary peptide platform may not result in any products of commercial value. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have developed a proprietary peptide technology platform to enable the identification, testing, design and development of new product
candidates. We cannot assure you that our peptide platform will work, nor that any of these potential targets or other aspects of our proprietary drug discovery and design platform will yield product candidates that could enter clinical development
and, ultimately, be commercially valuable. Although we expect to continue to enhance the capabilities of our proprietary platform by developing and integrating existing and new research technologies, we may not be successful in any of our
enhancement and development efforts. For example, we may not be able to enter into agreements on suitable terms to obtain technologies required to develop certain capabilities of our peptide platform. In addition, we may not be successful in
developing the conditions necessary to simulate specific tissue function from multiple species, or otherwise develop assays or cell cultures necessary to expand these capabilities. If our enhancement or development efforts are unsuccessful, we may
not be able to advance our drug discovery capabilities as quickly as we expect or identify as many potential drug candidates as we desire. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our
product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties impacting safety that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in limiting the commercial
opportunity for our product candidates if approved. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Undesirable side effects that may be caused by our product candidates or
caused by similar approved drugs or product candidates in development by other companies, could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of
regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign authorities. Results of our clinical trials could reveal a high and unacceptable severity and prevalence of side effects or adverse events related to our product candidates. In such an
event, our clinical trials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. In addition, drug-related
side effects could negatively affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial and even if our clinical trials are completed and our product candidate is approved, drug-related side effects could restrict the
label or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences could significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Moreover, since our product candidates PTG-100 and PTG-200 are being developed for indications for which injectable antibody drugs have been
approved, we expect that our clinical trials would need to show a risk/benefit profile that is competitive with those existing products and product candidates in order to obtain regulatory approval or, if approved, a product label that is favorable
for commercialization. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additionally if one or more of our product candidates receives marketing approval and we or
others later identify undesirable side effects caused by such products, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">regulatory authorities may withdraw approvals of such product; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may be required to create a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our reputation may suffer. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining
market acceptance of the particular peptide-based product candidate which could significantly harm our business and prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We rely on third
parties to conduct our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or do not meet regulatory requirements or expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain timely
regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates and our business could be substantially harmed. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have relied
upon and plan to continue to rely upon third party CROs to monitor and manage clinical trials and collect data for our pre-clinical studies and clinical programs. We rely on these parties for execution of our pre-clinical studies and clinical
trials, and control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that their conduct meets regulatory requirements and that each of our studies and trials is conducted in accordance with the applicable
protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on CROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. Thus, we and our CROs are required to comply with good clinical practices (&#147;GCPs&#148;), which are
regulations and guidelines promulgated by the FDA, the EMA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for all of our product candidates in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCPs through periodic inspections of trial
sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of our CROs fail to comply with applicable GCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory
authorities may not accept the data or require us to perform additional clinical trials before considering our filing for regulatory approval or approving our marketing application. We cannot assure you that upon inspection by a regulatory
authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials complies with GCPs. While we have agreements governing activities of our CROs, we may have limited influence over their actual performance and the qualifications of
their personnel conducting work on our behalf. In addition, significant portions of the clinical studies for our peptide-based product candidates are expected to be conducted outside of the United States, which will make it more difficult for us to
monitor CROs and perform visits of our clinical trial sites and will force us to rely heavily on CROs to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials and compliance with applicable regulations, including GCPs. Failure to comply with
applicable regulations in the conduct of the clinical studies for our peptide-based product candidates may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Some of our CROs have an ability to terminate their respective agreements with us if it can be reasonably demonstrated that the safety of the
subjects participating in our clinical trials warrants such termination, if we make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors or if we are liquidated. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any of our relationships with these third party CROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or do
so on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, our CROs are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our
pre-clinical and clinical programs. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be </P>
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replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our
clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our peptide-based product candidates. As a result, our results of operations and the commercial prospects
for our peptide-based product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase substantially and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed significantly. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Switching or adding additional CROs involves additional cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural
transition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. Though we carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no
assurance that we will not encounter challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We rely completely on third parties to manufacture our drug substance and clinical drug product and we intend to rely on third parties to produce
commercial supplies of any approved peptide-based product candidate. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our clinical trials must be conducted with product
manufactured under current good manufacturing practices and for Europe and other major countries, International Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (&#147;ICH&#148;) guidelines, and we rely on
contract manufactures to manufacture and provide product for us that meet these requirements. We do not currently have nor do we plan to acquire the infrastructure or capability internally to manufacture our pre-clinical and clinical drug supplies
and we lack the resources and the capability to manufacture any of our peptide-based product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. We expect to continue to depend on contract manufacturers for the foreseeable future. In particular, as we
proceed with the development and potential commercialization of PTG-100, we will need to increase the scale at which the drug is manufactured, which will require the development of new manufacturing processes. We will rely on our contract
manufacturer to develop the manufacturing processes required for larger scale production. If the contract manufacturer is not successful in developing large scale processes, our development and/or commercialization of PTG-100 could be materially
delayed. In addition, we have no control over the ability of our contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. Moreover, our contract manufacturers are the sole source of supply for our
clinical product candidates, including PTG-100. If we were to experience an unexpected loss of supply for any reason, whether as a result of manufacturing, supply or storage issues or otherwise, we could experience delays, disruptions, suspensions
or termination of our clinical study and planned development program, or be required to restart or repeat, any ongoing clinical trials. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also rely on our contract manufacturers to purchase from third party suppliers the materials necessary to produce our peptide-based product
candidates for our clinical trials. There are a limited number of suppliers for raw materials that we use to manufacture our drugs and there may be a need to assess alternate suppliers to prevent a possible disruption of the manufacture of the
materials necessary to produce our peptide-based product candidates for our clinical trials, and if approved, for commercial sale. We do not have any control over the process or timing of the acquisition of these raw materials by our manufacturers.
Moreover, we currently do not have any agreements for the commercial production of these raw materials. Although we generally do not begin a clinical trial unless we believe we have a sufficient supply of a peptide-based product candidate to
complete the clinical trial, any significant delay in the supply of a peptide-based product candidate, or the raw material components thereof, for an ongoing clinical trial due to the need to replace a contract manufacturer or other third party
manufacturer could considerably delay completion of our clinical trials, product testing and potential regulatory approval of our peptide-based product candidates. If our contract manufacturers or we are unable to purchase these raw materials after
regulatory approval has been obtained for our peptide-based product candidates, the commercial launch of our peptide-based product candidates would be delayed or there would be a shortage in supply, which would impair our ability to generate revenue
from the sale of our peptide-based product candidates. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we submit an application for regulatory approval of any of our product candidates, the
facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture our product candidates will be subject to inspection and approval by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. If our contract manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture material that
conforms to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or others, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory
authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our peptide-based product candidates or if it withdraws any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact
our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our peptide-based product candidates, if approved. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may fail to obtain orphan
drug designations from the FDA for our product candidates, as applicable, and even if we obtain such designations, we may be unable to maintain the benefits associated with orphan drug designation, including the potential for market exclusivity.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our strategy includes filing for orphan drug designation where available for our product candidates. Under the Orphan Drug Act,
the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to a drug or biologic intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is defined as one occurring in a patient population of fewer than 200,000 in the United States, or a patient population greater than
200,000 in the United States where there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing the drug or biologic will be recovered from sales in the United States. In the United States, orphan drug designation entitles a party to financial
incentives such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical trial costs, tax advantages and user-fee waivers. In addition, if a product that has orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease for which
it has such designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means that the FDA may not approve any other applications, including a full NDA or BLA, to market the same drug or biologic for the same indication for seven years,
except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority to the product with orphan drug exclusivity or where the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient product quantity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have not obtained nor have we sought to obtain orphan designation for any product candidates to date, although we believe some of the
potential indications of our product candidates could qualify for orphan drug designation and the related benefits if approved for that indication. For example, if PTG-100 or PTG-200 is developed for the treatment of pediatric IBD or PTG-300 for the
treatment of iron overload disorders in patients with &szlig;-Thalassemia and possibly HH and SCD, we plan to file and expect to qualify for orphan drug designation with respect to such indication. Even if we obtain such designations, we may not be
the first to obtain regulatory approval of a product candidate for the orphan-designated indication due to the uncertainties associated with developing pharmaceutical products. In addition, exclusive marketing rights in the United States may be
limited if we seek approval for an indication broader than the orphan-designated indication or may be lost if the FDA later determines that the request for designation was materially defective or if we are unable to assure sufficient quantities of
the product to meet the needs of patients with the orphan-designated disease or condition. Further, even if we obtain orphan drug designation exclusivity for a product, that exclusivity may not effectively protect the product from competition
because different drugs with different active moieties may receive and be approved for the same condition, and only the first applicant to receive approval will receive the benefits of marketing exclusivity. Even after an orphan-designated product
is approved, the FDA can subsequently approve a later drug with the same active moiety for the same condition if the FDA concludes that the later drug is clinically superior if it is shown to be safer, more effective or makes a major contribution to
patient care. Orphan drug designation neither shortens the development time or regulatory review time of a drug, nor gives the drug any advantage in the regulatory review or approval process. In addition, while we may seek orphan drug designation
for our product candidates, we may never receive such designations. </P>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining development and commercialization collaborations, and
any potential partner may not devote sufficient resources to the development or commercialization of our product candidates or may otherwise fail in development or commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect our ability to develop
certain of our product candidates and our financial condition and operating results. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have no current collaborations for any of
our product candidates. Even if we are able to establish collaboration arrangements, any such collaboration may not ultimately be successful, which could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth
prospects. While we currently plan to enter into collaborations that are limited to certain identified territories, there can be no assurance that we would maintain significant rights or control of future development and commercialization of such
product candidate. Accordingly, if we collaborate with a third party for development and commercialization of a product candidate, we may relinquish some or all of the control over the future success of that product candidate to the third party, and
that partner may not devote sufficient resources to the development or commercialization of our product candidate or may otherwise fail in development or commercialization efforts, in which event the development and commercialization of the product
candidate in the collaboration could be delayed or terminated and our business could be substantially harmed. In addition, the terms of any potential collaboration or other arrangement that we may establish may not be favorable to us or may not be
perceived as favorable, which may negatively impact the price of our common stock. In some cases, we may be responsible for continuing development of a product candidate or research program under a collaboration, and the payments we receive from our
partner may be insufficient to cover the cost of this development or may result in a dispute between the parties. Moreover, collaborations and sales and marketing arrangements are complex and time consuming to negotiate, document and implement and
they may require substantial resources to maintain, which may be detrimental to the development of our other product candidates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are
subject to a number of additional risks associated with our dependence on collaborations with third parties, the occurrence of which could cause our collaboration arrangements to fail. Conflicts may arise between us and partners, such as conflicts
concerning the implementation of development plans, efforts and resources dedicated to the product candidate, interpretation of clinical data, the achievement of milestones, the interpretation of financial provisions or the ownership of intellectual
property developed during the collaboration. If any such conflicts arise, a collaborator could act in its own self-interest, which may be adverse to our interests. Any such disagreement between us and a partner could result in one or more of the
following, each of which could delay or prevent the development or commercialization of our product candidates, and in turn prevent us from generating sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">reductions in the payment of royalties or other payments we believe are due pursuant to the applicable collaboration arrangement; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">actions taken by a partner inside or outside our collaboration which could negatively impact our rights or benefits under our collaboration; or </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">unwillingness on the part of a partner to keep us informed regarding the progress of its development and commercialization activities or to permit public disclosure of the results of those activities. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the termination of a collaboration may limit our ability to obtain rights to the product or intellectual property developed by
our collaborator under terms that would be sufficiently favorable for us to consider further development or investment in the terminated collaboration product candidate, even if it were returned to us. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete
effectively. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant
technological change. We have competitors worldwide, including major multinational pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic pharmaceutical companies as well as universities and other research
institutions. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">44 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, such
as larger research and development staff, and experienced marketing and manufacturing organizations. Mergers and acquisitions in our industry may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. As a result, these companies may
obtain regulatory approval more rapidly than we are able and may be more effective in selling and marketing their products. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative
arrangements with large, established companies. Competition may increase further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of newer technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these industries. Our competitors
may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing, on an exclusive basis, pharmaceutical products that are easier to develop, more effective or less costly than any product candidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop. If
approved, our product candidates are expected to face competition from commercially available drugs as well as drugs that are in the development pipelines of our competitors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pharmaceutical companies may invest heavily to accelerate discovery and development of novel compounds or to in-license novel compounds that
could make our product candidates less competitive. In addition, any new product that competes with an approved product must demonstrate advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability or safety in order to overcome price competition and to be
commercially successful. If our competitors succeed in obtaining FDA, EMA or other regulatory approval or discovering, developing and commercializing drugs before we do or develop blocking intellectual property to which we do not have a license,
there would be a material adverse impact on the future prospects for our product candidates and business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe our principal
competition in the treatment of IBD is from companies with approved agents in the following therapeutic classes, among others: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Infused&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7 antibody: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Infused IL-23 and IL-12 antibody: Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Injectable or infused TNF-<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>&nbsp;antibody: AbbVie, Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson, Amgen, Pfizer, UCB S.A. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are also aware of several companies developing therapeutic product candidates for the treatment of IBD, including, but not limited to
AbbVie, Allergan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim (adalimumab biosimilar in Pre-Registration), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene (mongersen sodium and ozanimod hydrochloride in Phase 3 clinical trials), Eli Lilly
and Company, Galapagos, Gilead, Lycera Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Pfizer (tofacitinib citrate in a Phase 3 clinical trial), Roche/Genentech (etrolizumab in a Phase&nbsp;3 clinical trial), Samsung Bioepis (adalimumab biosimilar in
Pre-Registration), Sandoz (adalimumab biosimilar in Phase 3), Shire, and UCB S.A. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe our principal competition in the treatment
of iron overload disorders, such as &szlig;-Thalassemia, HH and SCD, will come from other pipeline products being developed by companies such as Acceleron (luspatercept in a Phase&nbsp;3 clinical trial), bluebird bio (LentiGlobin in a Phase&nbsp;3
clinical trial), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Emmaus Medical (glutamine in pre-registration), Gilead, Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc., La Jolla Pharmaceutical, and Novartis AG, among others. We believe competition will also include approved iron chelation
therapies that have been developed by Novartis AG and Apotex, among others. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe that our ability to successfully compete will
depend on, among other things: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the efficacy and safety of our product candidates, in particular compared to marketed products and products in late-stage development; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the time it takes for our product candidates to complete clinical development and receive regulatory approval, if at all; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability to commercialize and market any of our product candidates that receive regulatory approval; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the price of our products, including in comparison to branded or generic competitors; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">45 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">whether coverage and adequate levels of reimbursement are available under private and governmental health insurance plans, including Medicare; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability to protect intellectual property rights related to our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability to manufacture and sell commercial quantities of any of our product candidates that receive regulatory approval; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">acceptance of any of our approved product candidates by physicians, payors and other healthcare providers. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because our research approach depends on our proprietary technology platform, it may be difficult for us to continue to successfully compete
in the face of rapid changes in technology. If we fail to continue to advance our technology platform, technological change may impair our ability to compete effectively and technological advances or products developed by our competitors may render
our technologies or product candidates obsolete, less competitive or not economical. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We currently have no marketing and sales organization. To the
extent any of our peptide-based product candidates for which we maintain commercial rights is approved for marketing, if we are unable to establish marketing and sales capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our
peptide-based product candidates, we may not be able to effectively market and sell any peptide-based product candidates, or generate product revenue. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We currently do not have a marketing or sales organization for the marketing, sales and distribution of pharmaceutical products. In order to
commercialize any peptide-based product candidates that receive marketing approval, we would have to build marketing, sales, distribution, managerial and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these
services, and we may not be successful in doing so. In the event of successful development of any of our product candidates, we may elect to build a targeted specialty sales force which will be expensive and time consuming. Any failure or delay in
the development of our internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities would adversely impact the commercialization of these products. With respect to our peptide-based product candidates, we may choose to partner with third parties that
have direct sales forces and established distribution systems, either to augment our own sales force and distribution systems or in lieu of our own sales force and distribution systems. If we are unable to enter into collaborations with third
parties for the commercialization of approved products, if any, on acceptable terms or at all, or if any such partner does not devote sufficient resources to the commercialization of our product or otherwise fails in commercialization efforts, we
may not be able to successfully commercialize any of our peptide-based product candidates that receive regulatory approval. If we are not successful in commercializing our peptide-based product candidates, either on our own or through collaborations
with one or more third parties, our future revenue will be materially and adversely impacted. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Even if our peptide-based product candidates receive
marketing approval, they may fail to achieve market acceptance by physicians, patients, government payors (including Medicare and Medicaid programs), private insurers, and other third-party payors, or others in the medical community necessary for
commercial success. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any of our peptide-based product candidates receive marketing approval, they may nonetheless fail to gain
sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, government payors, other third-party payors and other healthcare providers. If any of our approved peptide-based products fail to achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate
significant revenue to become profitable. The degree of market acceptance, if approved for commercial sale, will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the efficacy and potential advantages compared to alternative treatments; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">46 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to offer our peptide-based product candidates for sale at competitive prices; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the willingness of the target patient population to try new therapies and of physicians to prescribe these therapies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the willingness of the medical community to offer customers our peptide-based product candidates in addition to or in the place of current injectable therapies; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the strength of marketing and distribution support; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the availability of government and third-party coverage and adequate reimbursement; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the prevalence and severity of any side effects; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">any restrictions on the use of our product candidates together with other medications. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because we expect sales of our peptide-based product candidates, if approved, to generate revenue for us to achieve profitability, the failure
of our peptide-based product candidates to achieve market acceptance would harm our business and could require us to seek collaborations or undertake additional financings sooner than we would otherwise plan. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We have focused our limited resources to pursue particular product candidates and indications, and consequently, we may fail to capitalize on product
candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because we have
limited financial and managerial resources, we have focused on research programs and product candidates on the discovery and development of GI-restricted drugs that target the same biological pathways as currently marketed injectable antibody drugs
for the treatment of IBD. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or for other indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to
fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Our spending on current and future research and development programs and product candidates for specific indications may not yield any commercially viable products.
If we do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular product candidate, we may relinquish valuable rights to that product candidate through collaboration partnerships, licensing or other royalty arrangements in
cases in which it would have been more advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights to such product candidate. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Even
if we obtain and maintain approval for any of our product candidates from the FDA, we may never obtain approval for our product candidates outside of the United States, which would limit our market opportunities and adversely affect our business.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Sales of our product candidates outside of the United States will be subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing
clinical trials and marketing approval and, to the extent that we retain commercial rights following clinical development, we would plan to seek regulatory approval to commercialize our peptide-based product candidates in the United States, the EU
and additional foreign countries. Even if the FDA grants marketing approval for a product candidate, comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries must also approve the manufacturing and marketing of the product candidates in those
countries. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from, and greater than, those in the US, including additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials. In many countries
outside the US, a product candidate must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that country. In some cases, the price that we intend to charge for our products is also subject to approval. We may decide to submit an MAA
to the EMA for approval in the EEA. As with the FDA, obtaining approval of an MAA from the EMA is a similarly lengthy and expensive process and the EMA has its own procedures for approval of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">peptide-based</FONT>
product candidates. Even if a product is approved, the FDA or the EMA, as the case may be, may </P>
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limit the indications for which the product may be marketed, require extensive warnings on the product labeling or require expensive and time-consuming clinical trials or reporting as conditions
of approval. Regulatory authorities in countries outside of the US and the EEA also have requirements for approval of drug candidates with which we must comply prior to marketing in those countries. Obtaining foreign regulatory approvals and
compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries. Further, clinical trials conducted in one country may
not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries and regulatory approval in one country does not ensure approval in any other country, while a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on
the regulatory approval process in others. Also, regulatory approval for any of our peptide-based product candidates may be withdrawn. If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements in international markets and or receive applicable marketing
approvals, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our peptide-based product candidates will be harmed and our business will be adversely affected. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we fail to comply with state and federal healthcare regulatory laws, we could face substantial penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion
from participation in governmental healthcare programs, and the curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our business, operations, and financial condition. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Healthcare providers, physicians and third-party payors will play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any future product
candidates we may develop or any product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. Our arrangements with third-party payors and customers may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations that may
affect the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we would market, sell and distribute our products. Even though we do not and will not control referrals of healthcare services or bill directly to Medicare, Medicaid or
other third-party payors, federal and state healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients&#146; rights are and will be applicable to our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not
limited to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons and entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering, or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in
kind, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, lease, order or recommendation of, any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare
programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal false claims and civil monetary penalties laws, including the False Claims Act, which impose criminal and civil penalties, including through civil whistleblower or qui tam actions, against individuals or
entities for knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, to the federal government, claims for payment that are false, fictitious, or fraudulent; knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a
false or fraudulent claim paid or approved by the government; or knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government; in addition, the
government may assert that a claim including items and services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (&#147;HIPAA&#148;), which imposes additional criminal and civil liability for, among other things, willfully executing, or attempting to execute,
a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false or fraudulent statements relating to healthcare matters; similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or
specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">48 </P>


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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (&#147;HITECH&#148;), and their implementing regulations, which also imposes obligations, including mandatory contractual
terms, on certain types of people and entities with respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal civil monetary penalties statute, which prohibits, among other things, the offering or giving of remuneration to a Medicare or Medicaid beneficiary that the person knows or should know is likely to influence
the beneficiary&#146;s selection of a particular supplier of items or services reimbursable by a Federal or state governmental program; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children&#146;s Health
Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report annually to the government information related to certain payments and other &#147;transfers of value&#148; made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and
chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, and requires applicable manufacturers to report annually to the government ownership and investment interests held by the physicians described above and their immediate family members and payments or other
&#147;transfers of value&#148; to such physician owners; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">analogous state and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may apply to sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by any
third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry&#146;s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal
government, or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; and state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to
physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures; and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information in some circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are
not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Further, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as
amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the &#147;ACA&#148;), among other things, amended the intent requirements of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and certain criminal statutes governing healthcare fraud. A
person or entity can now be found guilty of violating the statute without actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, ACA provided that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting
from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Moreover, while we do not submit claims and our customers make the ultimate decision on how to submit claims, from
time to time, we may provide reimbursement guidance to our customers. If a government authority were to conclude that we provided improper advice to our customers or encouraged the submission of false claims for reimbursement, we could face action
against us by government authorities. Any violations of these laws, or any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could result in a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of
operations and financial condition. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have entered into consulting and scientific advisory board arrangements with physicians and other
healthcare providers, including some who could influence the use of our product candidates, if approved. While we have worked to structure our arrangements to comply with applicable laws, because of the complex and far-reaching nature of these laws,
regulatory agencies may view these transactions as prohibited arrangements that must be restructured, or discontinued, or for which we could be subject to other significant penalties. We could be adversely affected if regulatory agencies interpret
our financial relationships with providers who may influence the ordering of and use our product candidates, if approved, to be in violation of applicable laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The scope and enforcement of each of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform,
especially in light of the lack of applicable precedent and regulations. Federal </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">49 </P>


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and state enforcement bodies have recently increased their scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations,
prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Responding to investigations can be time-and resource-consuming and can divert management&#146;s attention from the business. Additionally, as a result of these investigations,
healthcare providers and entities may have to agree to additional onerous compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement. Any such investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise
have an adverse effect on our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws or any other governmental
laws and regulations that may apply to us, we may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, exclusion from government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and
Medicaid, disgorgement, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. If any of the physicians or other healthcare providers or entities with whom we expect to do business is found
to be not in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to criminal, civil or administrative sanctions, including exclusions from government funded healthcare programs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Recently enacted and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product
candidates and affect the prices we may obtain. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been, and we
expect there will continue to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could, among other things, prevent or delay marketing approval of our product candidates, restrict or regulate
post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell any peptide-based product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For example, in the United States in March 2010, the ACA was enacted to increase access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of
healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for health care and the health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. The
law has continued the downward pressure on pharmaceutical pricing, especially under the Medicare program, and increased the industry&#146;s regulatory burdens and operating costs. Among the provisions of the ACA of importance to our potential
peptide-based product candidates are the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">an annual, non-tax deductible fee payable by any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents payable to the federal government based on each company&#146;s market share
of prior year total sales of branded products to certain federal healthcare programs; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">extension of manufacturers&#146; Medicaid rebate liability to individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs in certain states; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries under their coverage
gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer&#146;s outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; </TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a new requirement to annually report drug samples that manufacturers and distributors provide to physicians; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such research. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The financial impact of the ACA over the next few years will depend on a number of factors including but not limited to the policies reflected
in implementing regulations and guidance and changes in sales volumes for products affected by the new system of rebates, discounts and fees. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the ACA was enacted. These changes included
aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of 2%&nbsp;per fiscal year, which went into effect in April 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2025 unless additional action is
taken by Congress. In January 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers and increased the statute of limitations period in which the
government may recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. In addition, recently there has been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which drug manufacturers set prices for their commercial products. The implementation
of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability, or commercialize our product candidates, if approved. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts
that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare therapies, which could result in reduced demand for our peptide-based product candidates or additional pricing pressures. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Some of the provisions of the ACA have yet to be fully implemented, while certain provisions have been subject to judicial and Congressional
challenges. In January 2017, Congress voted to adopt a budget resolution for fiscal year 2017, that while not a law, is widely viewed as the first step toward the passage of legislation that would repeal certain aspects of the Affordable Care Act.
Further, on January&nbsp;20, 2017, President Trump signed an Executive Order directing federal agencies with authorities and responsibilities under the Affordable Care Act to waive, defer, grant exemptions from, or delay the implementation of any
provision of the Affordable Care Act that would impose a fiscal burden on states or a cost, fee, tax, penalty or regulatory burden on individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices.
Congress also could consider subsequent legislation to replace elements of the Affordable Care Act that are repealed. Thus, the full impact of the Affordable Care Act, or any law replacing elements of it, on our business remains unclear. The
implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Legislative and regulatory proposals have also been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities
for pharmaceutical products. We cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our
product candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA&#146;s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and
post-marketing testing and other requirements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Governments outside the United States tend to impose strict price controls, which may adversely
affect our revenues, if any. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In some countries, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control.
In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take considerable time after the receipt of marketing approval for a product candidate. In addition, there can be considerable pressure by governments and
</P>
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other stakeholders on prices and reimbursement levels, including as part of cost containment measures. Political, economic and regulatory developments may further complicate pricing negotiations,
and pricing negotiations may continue after coverage and reimbursement have been obtained. Reference pricing used by various countries and parallel distribution or arbitrage between low-priced and high-priced countries, can further reduce prices. To
obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost-effectiveness of our product candidate to other available therapies, which is time-consuming and costly. If coverage
and reimbursement of our product candidates are unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, our business could be harmed, possibly materially. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our future success depends on our ability to retain our executive officers and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel. If we are not
successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our industry has experienced a high rate of turnover of management personnel in recent years. Our ability to compete in the highly competitive
biotechnology and pharmaceuticals industries depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, scientific, medical and regulatory personnel. We are highly dependent on our existing senior management team, especially Dinesh
V. Patel, Ph.D., our President and Chief Executive Officer, David Y. Liu, Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer and Head of Research and Development, Richard S. Shames, M.D., our Chief Medical Officer, Tom O&#146;Neil, our Chief Financial Officer and
William Hodder, our Senior Vice President of Corporate Development. We are not aware of any present intention of any of these individuals to leave us. In order to induce valuable employees to continue their employment with us, we have provided stock
options that vest over time. The value to employees of stock options that vest over time is significantly affected by movements in our stock price that are beyond our control, and may at any time be insufficient to maintain retention incentives or
counteract more lucrative offers from other companies. All of our employees may terminate their employment with us at any time, with or without notice. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees and our
inability to find suitable replacements would harm our research and development efforts as well as our business, financial condition and prospects. Our success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled
and experienced personnel with scientific, medical, regulatory, manufacturing and management training and skills. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may not be able to
attract or retain qualified personnel in the future due to the intense competition for a limited number of qualified personnel among biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and other businesses. Many of the other biopharmaceutical and
pharmaceutical companies that we compete against for qualified personnel have greater financial and other resources, different risk profiles and a longer history in the industry than we do. Our competitors may provide higher compensation or more
diverse opportunities and better opportunities for career advancement. Any or all of these competing factors may limit our ability to continue to attract and retain high quality personnel, which could negatively affect our ability to successfully
develop and commercialize peptide-based product candidates and to grow our business and operations as currently contemplated. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We will need to
expand the size of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we
had 35 full-time employees, including 27 employees engaged in research and development. As our development and commercialization plans and strategies develop and operate as a public company, we expect to need additional managerial, operational,
scientific, sales, marketing, development, regulatory, manufacturing, financial and other resources. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">designing and managing our clinical trials effectively; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">identifying, recruiting, maintaining, motivating and integrating additional employees; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">managing our manufacturing and development efforts effectively; </TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">improving our managerial, development, operational and financial systems and controls; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">expanding our facilities. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As our operations expand, we expect that we will need to manage
relationships with strategic collaborators, CROs, contract manufacturers, suppliers, vendors and other third parties. Our future financial performance and our ability to develop and commercialize our peptide-based product candidates and to compete
effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage any future growth effectively. We may not be successful in accomplishing these tasks in growing our company, and our failure to accomplish any of them could adversely affect our business and
operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Significant disruptions of information technology systems or breaches of data security could adversely affect our business.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our business is increasingly dependent on critical, complex and interdependent information technology systems, including
Internet-based systems, to support business processes as well as internal and external communications. The size and complexity of our internal computer systems and those of our CROs, contract manufacturers and other third parties on which we rely
may make them potentially vulnerable to breakdown, telecommunications and electrical failures, malicious intrusion and computer viruses that may result in the impairment of key business processes. In addition, our systems are potentially vulnerable
to data security breaches&#151;whether by employees or others&#151;that may expose sensitive data to unauthorized persons. Such data security breaches could lead to the loss of trade secrets or other intellectual property, or could lead to the
public exposure of personally identifiable information (including sensitive personal information) of our employees, collaborators, clinical trial patients, and others. A data security breach or privacy violation that leads to disclosure or
modification of or prevents access to patient information, including personally identifiable information or protected health information, could harm our reputation, compel us to comply with federal and/or state breach notification laws, subject us
to mandatory corrective action, require us to verify the correctness of database contents and otherwise subject us to liability under laws and regulations that protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue. If we are unable
to prevent such data security breaches or privacy violations or implement satisfactory remedial measures, our operations could be disrupted, and we may suffer loss of reputation, financial loss and other regulatory penalties because of lost or
misappropriated information, including sensitive patient data. In addition, these breaches and other inappropriate access can be difficult to detect, and any delay in identifying them may lead to increased harm of the type described above. Moreover,
the prevalent use of mobile devices that access confidential information increases the risk of data security breaches, which could lead to the loss of confidential information, trade secrets or other intellectual property. While we have implemented
security measures to protect our data security and information technology systems, such measures may not prevent such events. Any such disruptions and breaches of security could have a material adverse effect on the development of our product
candidates as well as our business and financial condition. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our insurance policies are expensive and only protect us from some business risks,
which will leave us exposed to significant uninsured liabilities. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not carry insurance for all categories of risk that our
business may encounter. Some of the policies we currently maintain include general liability, employment practices liability, property, auto, workers&#146; compensation, products liability and directors&#146; and officers&#146; insurance. We do not
know, however, if we will be able to maintain insurance with adequate levels of coverage. Any significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that
could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety
laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials </P>
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and wastes. Our operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. We generally
contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from our use of hazardous materials, we could
be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although we maintain workers&#146; compensation insurance to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees
resulting from the use of hazardous materials or other work-related injuries, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. In addition, we may incur substantial costs in order to comply with current or future
environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These current or future laws and regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations also may result in substantial fines,
penalties or other sanctions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants and vendors may engage in misconduct or
other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants and vendors may engage in
fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities to us that violates: (i)&nbsp;FDA laws and regulations or those of
comparable foreign regulatory authorities, including those laws that require the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to the FDA, (ii)&nbsp;manufacturing standards, (iii)&nbsp;federal and state data privacy, security, fraud and abuse
and other healthcare laws and regulations established and enforced by comparable foreign regulatory authorities, or (iv)&nbsp;laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. Activities subject to these
laws also involve the improper use or misrepresentation of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, creating fraudulent data in our pre-clinical studies or clinical trials or illegal misappropriation of drug product, which could result
in regulatory sanctions and cause serious harm to our reputation. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and third-parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in
controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. Additionally, we are subject to the risk
that a person or government could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a
significant impact on our business and results of operations, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If product
liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of any of our peptide-based product candidates, if approved. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our peptide-based product candidates and will face an
even greater risk if we commercialize any products. For example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product
liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state
consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to stop development or, if approved, limit commercialization of our peptide-based product
candidates. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">delay or termination of clinical studies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">injury to our reputation; </TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">withdrawal of clinical trial participants; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">initiation of investigations by regulators; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">costs to defend the related litigation; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a diversion of management&#146;s time and our resources; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">decreased demand for our peptide-based product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">loss of revenue from product sales; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the inability to commercialize any our peptide-based product candidates, if approved. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our
inability to obtain and retain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the development or commercialization of our peptide-based product candidates.
We currently carry clinical trial liability insurance for our clinical trials. Although we maintain such insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or
in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any
amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We currently conduct, and intend to continue to conduct a substantial portion of the clinical trials for our product candidates outside of the United
States. If approved, we may commercialize our product candidates abroad. We will thus be subject to the risks of doing business outside of the United States. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We currently conduct, and intend to continue to conduct, a substantial portion of our clinical trials outside of the United States and, if
approved, we intend to also market our peptide-based product candidates outside of the United States. We are thus subject to risks associated with doing business outside of the United States. With respect to our peptide-based product candidates, we
may choose to partner with third parties that have direct sales forces and established distribution systems, either to augment our own sales force and distribution systems outside of the United States or in lieu of our own sales force and
distribution systems, which would indirectly expose us to these risks. Our business and financial results in the future could be adversely affected due to a variety of factors associated with conducting development and marketing of our peptide-based
product candidates, if approved, outside of the United States, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Medical standard of care and diagnostic criteria may differ in foreign jurisdictions, which may impact our ability to enroll and successfully complete trials designed for U.S. marketing; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">efforts to develop an international sales, marketing and distribution organization may increase our expenses, divert our management&#146;s attention from the acquisition or development of peptide-based product
candidates or cause us to forgo profitable licensing opportunities in these geographies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes in a specific country&#146;s or region&#146;s political and cultural climate or economic condition; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">unexpected changes in foreign laws and regulatory requirements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">difficulty of effective enforcement of contractual provisions in local jurisdictions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">inadequate intellectual property protection in foreign countries; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">trade-protection measures, import or export licensing requirements such as Export Administration Regulations promulgated by the US Department of Commerce and fines, penalties or suspension or revocation of export
privileges; </TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">regulations under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar foreign anti-corruption laws; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the effects of applicable foreign tax structures and potentially adverse tax consequences; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">significant adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates which could make the cost of our clinical trials, to the extent conducted outside of the US, more expensive. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our headquarters and certain of our data storage facilities are located near known earthquake fault zones. The occurrence of an earthquake, fire or any
other catastrophic event could disrupt our operations or the operations of third parties who provide vital support functions to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We and some of the third party service providers on which we depend for various support functions, such as data storage, are vulnerable to
damage from catastrophic events, such as power loss, natural disasters, terrorism and similar unforeseen events beyond our control. Our corporate headquarters and other facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, which in the past has
experienced severe earthquakes and fires. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not carry earthquake insurance. Earthquakes or other natural disasters could severely
disrupt our operations, and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If
a natural disaster, power outage or other event occurred that prevented us from using all or a significant portion of our headquarters, damaged critical infrastructure, such as our data storage facilities or financial systems, or that otherwise
disrupted operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. We do not have a disaster recovery and business continuity plan in place. We may incur substantial expenses
as a result of the absence or limited nature of our internal or third party service provider disaster recovery and business continuity plans, which, particularly when taken together with our lack of earthquake insurance, could have a material
adverse effect on our business. Furthermore, integral parties in our supply chain are operating from single sites, increasing their vulnerability to natural disasters or other sudden, unforeseen and severe adverse events. If such an event were to
affect our supply chain, it could have a material adverse effect on our development plans and business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The insurance coverage and reimbursement
status of newly-approved products is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for our peptide-based product candidates could limit our ability to generate revenue. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The availability and extent of reimbursement by governmental and private payors is essential for most patients to be able to afford
medications and therapies. Sales of any of our peptide-based product candidates that receive marketing approval will depend substantially, both in the United States and internationally, on the extent to which the costs of our peptide-based product
candidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party
payors. If reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough to
allow us to establish or maintain adequate pricing that will allow us to realize a sufficient return on our investment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There is
significant uncertainty related to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly approved products. In the United States, the principal decisions about reimbursement for new products are typically made by the Centers for Medicare&nbsp;&amp;
Medicaid Services (&#147;CMS&#148;), an agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. CMS decides whether and to what extent a new product will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare. Private payors tend to follow CMS to
a substantial degree. It is difficult to predict what CMS will decide with respect to reimbursement for novel products such as ours since there is no body of established practices and precedents for these new products. Reimbursement agencies in
Europe may be more conservative than CMS. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">56 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Outside the United States, international operations are generally subject to extensive
governmental price controls and other market regulations, and we believe the increasing emphasis on cost-containment initiatives in Europe, Canada and other countries may cause us to price our tablet vaccine candidates on less favorable terms than
we currently anticipate. In many countries, particularly the countries of the European Union, the prices of medical products are subject to varying price control mechanisms as part of national health systems. In these countries, pricing negotiations
with governmental authorities can take considerable time after the receipt of marketing approval for a product. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the
cost-effectiveness of our peptide-based product candidates to other available therapies. In general, the prices of products under such systems are substantially lower than in the United States. Other countries allow companies to fix their own prices
for products, but monitor and control company profits. Additional foreign price controls or other changes in pricing regulation could restrict the amount that we are able to charge for our peptide-based product candidates. Accordingly, in markets
outside the United States, the reimbursement for our products may be reduced compared with the United States and may be insufficient to generate commercially reasonable revenues and profits. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Moreover, increasing efforts by governmental and third-party payors, in the United States and internationally, to cap or reduce healthcare
costs may cause such organizations to limit both coverage and level of reimbursement for new products approved and, as a result, they may not cover or provide adequate payment for our product candidates. We expect to experience pricing pressures in
connection with the sale of any of our tablet vaccine candidates due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative changes. The downward pressure on healthcare costs
in general, particularly prescription drugs and surgical procedures and other treatments, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products into the healthcare market. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we
are unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights related to our product candidates and technologies, we may not be able to compete effectively in our markets. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We rely upon a combination of patent protection, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect the intellectual property
related to our product candidates and technologies. The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. The patent prosecution process is expensive and
time-consuming, and we may not be able to file and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner, or in all jurisdictions. The patent applications that we own or license may fail to result in
issued patents in the United States or in other foreign countries, or they may fail to result in issued patents with claims that cover our product candidates or technologies in the United States or in other foreign countries. There is no assurance
that all the potentially relevant prior art relating to our patent and patent applications has been found, which can invalidate a patent or prevent a patent from issuing from a pending patent application. Even if patents have been issued, or do
successfully issue, from our patent applications, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope thereof, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. Furthermore, even if they are
unchallenged, our patent and patent applications may not adequately protect our intellectual property, provide exclusivity for our product candidates and technologies, or prevent others from designing around our claims. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the breadth or strength of protection provided by the patent and patent applications we hold, obtain or pursue with respect to our product
candidates and technologies is challenged, or if they fail to provide meaningful exclusivity for our product candidates and technologies, it could threaten our ability to commercialize our product candidates and technologies. Several patent
applications covering our product candidates and technologies have been filed recently. We cannot offer any assurances about which, if any, patents will issue, the breadth of any such patent, or whether any issued patents will be found invalid and
unenforceable or will be threatened by third parties. Any successful opposition to these patents or any other </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">57 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
patents owned by or, if applicable in the future, licensed to us could deprive us of rights necessary for the successful commercialization of any product candidates and technologies that we may
develop. Further, if we encounter delays in our clinical trials or in gaining regulatory approval, the period of time during which we could market any of our product candidates under patent protection, if approved, would be reduced. Since patent
applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to file any patent application related to our product candidates and
technologies. Furthermore, an interference proceeding can be provoked by a third party or instituted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (&#147;PTO&#148;) to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent
claims of our applications. In addition, patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years after it is filed. Various extensions may be available however the life of a patent, and the
protection it affords, is limited. Even if patents covering our product candidates are obtained, once the patent life has expired for a product, we may be open to competition from generic medications. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If, in the future, we obtain licenses from third parties, in some circumstances, we may not have the right to control the preparation, filing
and prosecution of patent applications or to maintain any patents, covering technology that we license from third parties. We may also require the cooperation of our licensors to enforce any licensed patent rights, and such cooperation may not be
provided. Therefore, these patents and applications may not be prosecuted and enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. Moreover, if we do obtain necessary licenses, we will likely have obligations under those
licenses, and any failure to satisfy those obligations could give our licensor the right to terminate the license. Termination of a necessary license could have a material adverse impact on our business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets and proprietary know-how or if competitors independently develop viable
competing products, our business and competitive position may be harmed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">While we hold two issued patents and have filed patent
applications to protect certain aspects of our product candidates, we also rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary scientific, business and technical information and know-how that is not or may not be
patentable or that we elect not to patent. For example, we primarily rely on trade secrets and confidentiality agreements to protect our peptide therapeutics technology platform. Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our
confidential proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, thus eroding our competitive position in our market. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We seek to protect our proprietary information, data and processes, in part, by confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements
with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors, contractors and partners. Although these agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information, we cannot be certain that our trade secrets and other confidential proprietary information
will not be disclosed or that competitors will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. Although we require all of our employees to assign their inventions to us,
and endeavor to execute confidentiality agreements with all of our employees, consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to our proprietary know-how and other confidential information related to such technology, we cannot be certain
that we have executed such agreements with all third parties who may have helped to develop our intellectual property or who had access to our proprietary information, nor can be we certain that our agreements will not be breached. If any of the
parties to these confidentiality agreements breaches or violates the terms of such agreements, we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach or violation, and we could lose our trade secrets as a result. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also seek to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our data, trade secrets and know-how by maintaining physical security of our
premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">58 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
have taken to protect our proprietary technologies will be effective. We cannot guarantee that our trade secrets and other proprietary and confidential information will not be disclosed or that
competitors will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using our
trade secrets, like patent litigation, is expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the
United States. The enforceability of confidentiality agreements may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and
abroad. Additionally, if the steps taken to maintain our trade secrets are deemed inadequate, we may have insufficient recourse against third parties for misappropriating the trade secret. We cannot guarantee that our employees, former employees or
consultants will not file patent applications claiming our inventions. Because of the &#147;first-to-file&#148; laws in the United States, such unauthorized patent application filings may defeat our attempts to obtain patents on our own inventions.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Trade secrets and know-how can be difficult to protect as trade secrets and know-how will over time be disseminated within the industry
through independent development, the publication of journal articles, and the movement of personnel skilled in the art from company to company or academic to industry scientific positions. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or
independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent such competitor from using that technology or information to compete with us, which could harm our competitive position. If we are unable to prevent material disclosure of
the intellectual property related to our technologies to third parties, we will not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial
condition. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Even if we are able to adequately protect our trade secrets and proprietary information, our trade secrets could otherwise
become known or could be independently discovered by our competitors. Competitors could purchase our products and attempt to replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, willfully infringe our
intellectual property rights, design around our protected technology or develop their own competitive technologies that fall outside of our intellectual property rights. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently
developed by a competitor, in the absence of patent protection, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they communicate, from using that technology or information to compete with us. If our trade secrets are not adequately
protected so as to protect our market against competitors&#146; products, others may be able to exploit our proprietary peptide product candidate discovery technologies to identify and develop competing product candidates, and thus our competitive
position could be adversely affected, as could our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our intellectual property, which
could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Competitors may infringe our issued patent or any patents issued as a result
of our pending or future patent applications. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that
a patent of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party in such infringement proceeding from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in
any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly, and could put any of our patent applications at risk of not yielding an issued patent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Interference proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by us, the PTO or any foreign patent authority may be necessary to determine the
priority of inventions with respect to our patent or patent applications. An unfavorable outcome could require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Our business could be harmed if
the prevailing party does not offer us a license on </P>
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commercially reasonable terms, if any license is offered at all. Our defense of litigation or interference proceedings may fail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and
distract our management and other employees. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property, trade secrets
or confidential information, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the United States. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property
litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim
proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Any issued patents covering our product candidates, including any patent that may issue as a result of our pending or future patent applications, could
be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court in the United States or abroad. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we initiate legal proceedings against
a third party to enforce a patent covering our product candidates or technologies, the defendant could counterclaim that such patent is invalid or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the U.S., defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity or
unenforceability are commonplace, and there are numerous grounds upon which a third party can assert invalidity or unenforceability of a patent. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory
requirements, including lack of novelty, obviousness or non-enablement. Grounds for an unenforceability assertion could be an allegation that someone connected with prosecution of the patent withheld relevant information from the PTO, or made a
misleading statement, during prosecution. Third parties may also raise similar claims before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. Such mechanisms include re-examination, inter partes review,
post grant review, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions, such as opposition or derivation proceedings. Such proceedings could result in revocation or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer cover and protect our
product candidates or technologies. The outcome following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity of our patents, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art of
which we, our patent counsel, and the patent examiner were unaware of during prosecution. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity and/or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent
protection on our product candidates. Such a loss of patent protection could have a material adverse impact on our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The lives of any
patents issued as a result of our pending or future patent applications may not be sufficient to effectively protect our products and business. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years after its first effective
filing date. Although various extensions may be available, the life of a patent, and the protection it affords, is limited. Even if patents covering our product candidates are obtained, once the patent life has expired for a product, we may be open
to competition from generic medications. If patents are issued on our pending patent applications, the resulting patents are projected to expire on dates ranging from 2022 to 2035. In addition, although upon issuance in the United States the life of
a patent can be increased based on certain delays caused by the USPTO, this increase can be reduced or eliminated based on certain delays caused by the patent applicant during patent prosecution. If we do not have sufficient patent life to protect
our products, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Competitors could enter the market with generic versions of our
product candidates, which may result in a material decline in sales of our product candidates. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, a
pharmaceutical manufacturer may file an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, seeking approval of a generic copy of an approved innovator product. Under the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Hatch-Waxman</FONT> Act, a manufacturer may also
submit an NDA under section 505(b)(2) that references the FDA&#146;s </P>
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finding of safety and effectiveness of a previously approved drug. A 505(b)(2) NDA product may be for a new or improved version of the original innovator product. Innovative small molecule drugs
may be eligible for certain periods of regulatory exclusivity (e.g., five years for new chemical entities, three years for changes to an approved drug requiring a new clinical study, seven years for orphan drugs), which preclude FDA approval (or in
some circumstances, FDA filing and review of) an ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA relying on the FDA&#146;s finding of safety and effectiveness for the innovative drug. In addition to the benefits of regulatory exclusivity, an innovator NDA holder may have
patents claiming the active ingredient, product formulation or an approved use of the drug, which would be listed with the product in the FDA publication, &#147;Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,&#148; known as the
&#147;Orange Book.&#148; If there are patents listed in the Orange Book, a generic applicant that seeks to market its product before expiration of the patents must include in the ANDA or 505(b)(2) what is known as a &#147;Paragraph IV
certification,&#148; challenging the validity or enforceability of, or claiming non-infringement of, the listed patent or patents. Notice of the certification must be given to the innovator, too, and if within 45 days of receiving notice the
innovator sues to protect its patents, approval of the ANDA is stayed for 30 months, or as lengthened or shortened by the court. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accordingly, if our product candidates are approved, competitors could file ANDAs for generic versions of our product candidates, or 505(b)(2)
NDAs that reference our product candidates. If there are patents listed for our product candidates in the Orange Book, those ANDAs and 505(b)(2) NDAs would be required to include a certification as to each listed patent indicating whether the ANDA
applicant does or does not intend to challenge the patent. We cannot predict whether any patents issuing from our pending patent applications will be eligible for listing in the Orange Book, how any generic competitor would address such patents,
whether we would sue on any such patents, or the outcome of any such suit. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may not be successful in securing or maintaining
proprietary patent protection for products and technologies we develop or license. Moreover, if any patents that are granted and listed in the Orange Book are successfully challenged by way of a Paragraph IV certification and subsequent litigation,
the affected product could more immediately face generic competition and its sales would likely decline materially. Should sales decline, we may have to write off a portion or all of the intangible assets associated with the affected product and our
results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Third party claims of intellectual property infringement may
prevent or delay our drug discovery and development efforts. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to develop,
manufacture, market and sell our drug candidates and use our proprietary technologies without infringing or otherwise violating the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patent and
other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, including patent infringement lawsuits, interferences, derivation proceedings, post grant reviews, inter partes reviews, and reexamination proceedings before the
PTO or oppositions and other comparable proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which we are developing product
candidates, and there may be third-party patents or patent applications with claims to materials, formulations, methods of manufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of our product candidates and technologies. Third
parties, including our competitors may initiate legal proceedings against us alleging that we are infringing or otherwise violating their patent or other intellectual property rights. Given the vast number of patents in our field of technology, we
cannot assure you that marketing of our product candidates or practice of our technologies will not infringe existing patents or patents that may be granted in the future. Because patent applications can take many years to issue and may be
confidential for 18 months or more after filing, and because pending patent claims can be revised before issuance, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware that may later result in issued patents that may be infringed by the
practice of our peptide therapeutics technology platform or the manufacture, use or sale of our product candidates. If a patent holder believes our product candidates or technologies infringe on its patent, the patent
</P>
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holder may sue us even if we have received patent protection for our product candidates and technologies. In addition, third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that our product
candidates or technologies infringe upon these patents. If any third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover the manufacturing process of any of our product candidates, any molecules formed during the manufacturing
process or any final product or formulation itself, the holders of any such patents may be able to block our ability to commercialize such product candidate unless we obtained a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire. As
the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our product candidates or technologies may give rise to claims of infringement of the patent rights of others. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Parties making claims against us may obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to further
practice our technologies or develop and commercialize one or more of our product candidates. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources
from our business. Even if we are successful in defending against any infringement claims, litigation is expensive and time-consuming and is likely to divert management&#146;s attention and substantial resources from our core business, which could
harm our business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys&#146; fees for willful infringement (which may include situations in which we had
knowledge of an issued patent but nonetheless proceeded with activity which infringed such patent), limit our uses, pay royalties or redesign our infringing product candidates, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary
expenditure. We may choose to seek, or may be required to seek, a license from the third-party patent holder and would most likely be required to pay license fees or royalties or both, each of which could be substantial. These licenses may not be
available on commercially reasonable terms, however, or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, the rights we obtain may be nonexclusive, which would provide our competitors access to the same intellectual property rights upon which we are
forced to rely. Furthermore, even in the absence of litigation, we may need to obtain licenses from third parties to advance our research or allow commercialization of our product candidates, and we have done so from time to time. We may fail to
obtain any of these licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In such an event, we would be unable to further practice our technologies or develop and commercialize any of our product candidates at issue, which could harm our
business significantly. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may not identify relevant third party patents or may incorrectly interpret the relevance, scope or expiration of a third
party patent which might adversely affect our ability to develop and market our products. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We cannot guarantee that any of our
patent searches or analyses, including the identification of relevant patents, the scope of patent claims or the expiration of relevant patents, are complete or thorough, nor can we be certain that we have identified each and every third party
patent and pending application in the United States and abroad that is relevant to or necessary for the commercialization of our product candidates in any jurisdiction. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The scope of a patent claim is determined by an interpretation of the law, the written disclosure in a patent and the patent&#146;s
prosecution history. Our interpretation of the relevance or the scope of a patent or a pending application may be incorrect, which may negatively impact our ability to market our products. We may incorrectly determine that our products are not
covered by a third party patent or may incorrectly predict whether a third party&#146;s pending application will issue with claims of relevant scope. Our determination of the expiration date of any patent in the United States or abroad that we
consider relevant may be incorrect, which may negatively impact our ability to develop and market our product candidates. Our failure to identify and correctly interpret relevant patents may negatively impact our ability to develop and market our
products. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Because of the expense and uncertainty of litigation, we may not be in a position to enforce our intellectual property rights against
third parties. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because of the expense and uncertainty of litigation, we may conclude that even if a third party is infringing our
issued patent, any patents that may be issued on as a result of our pending or future patent applications or </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">62 </P>


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other intellectual property rights, the risk-adjusted cost of bringing and enforcing such a claim or action may be too high or not in the best interest of our company or our shareholders. In such
cases, we may decide that the more prudent course of action is to simply monitor the situation or initiate or seek some other non-litigious action or solution. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Intellectual property disputes could cause us to spend substantial resources and distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims, with or without merit, is unpredictable and generally
expensive and time-consuming and, even if resolved in our favor, is likely to divert significant resources from our core business, including distracting our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there
could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the market
price of our common stock. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have
sufficient financial or other resources to adequately conduct such litigation or proceedings. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial
resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating or from successfully challenging our intellectual
property rights. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on all of our product candidates throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our
intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States may be less extensive than those in the United States. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain
foreign jurisdictions. The requirements for patentability differ, in varying degrees, from country to country. The legal systems of some countries, particularly developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patent and other intellectual
property rights, especially those relating to life sciences. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights, including trade secrets, to the same extent as federal and state laws of the United States.
This could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of any patents we obtain or the misappropriation of our other intellectual property rights. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against third parties, including
government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Moreover, our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be adversely affected by unforeseen changes in foreign
intellectual property laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions, regardless of whether successful, would
result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. Furthermore, while we intend to protect our intellectual property rights in our expected significant markets, we cannot ensure that we will be able
to initiate or maintain similar efforts in all jurisdictions in which we may wish to market our product candidates. Accordingly, our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights in such countries may be inadequate, which may have an adverse
effect on our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates in all of our expected significant foreign markets. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and, further,
may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection but enforcement is not as strong as in the United States. These products may compete with our products in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued patents
and our patent claims or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from so competing. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">63 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual
property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to
biopharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions
could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Similarly, if our trade secrets
are disclosed in a foreign jurisdiction, competitors worldwide could have access to our proprietary information and we may be without satisfactory recourse. Such disclosure could have a material adverse effect on our business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements
imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The PTO and various non-U.S. governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other
similar provisions during the patent application process. Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other governmental fees on patents and/or applications will be due to be paid to the PTO and various governmental patent
agencies outside of the United States in several stages over the lifetime of the patents and/or applications. We employ reputable law firms and other professionals and rely on such third parties to help us comply with these requirements and effect
payment of these fees with respect to the patent and patent applications that we own, and if we in-license intellectual property we may have to rely upon our licensors to comply with these requirements and effect payment of these fees with respect
to any patents and patent applications that we license. In many cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules. However, there are situations in which noncompliance can
result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. In such an event, our competitors might be able to enter the market and this circumstance would
have a material adverse effect on our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Recent patent reform legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the
prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On September&nbsp;16, 2011, the
Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (Leahy-Smith Act) was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to United States patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and
may also affect patent litigation. The PTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular,
the first to file provisions, did not become effective until March 2013, 18 months after its enactment. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. However, the Leahy-Smith Act
and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and
financial condition. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances
and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the PTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability
to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patent and patents that we might obtain in the future. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">64 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights
have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">others may be able to make compounds that are similar to our product candidates but that are not covered by the claims of our issued patent or any pending patent application we may have; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we own; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we might not have been the first to file patent applications covering an invention; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">pending patent applications that we own or license may not lead to issued patents; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the issued patent that we own or any issued patents that we license may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable, as a result of legal challenges by our competitors;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our competitors might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our
major commercial markets; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may not develop or in-license additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Should any of these events
occur, they could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants
or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties or that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of former or other employers. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Many of our employees and consultants, including our senior management and our scientific founders, have been employed or retained at
universities or by other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including potential competitors. Some of our employees and consultants, including each member of our senior management and each of our scientific founders, executed proprietary
rights, non-disclosure and non-competition agreements in connection with such previous employment or retention. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work
for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these employees or consultants have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such employee&#146;s or consultant&#146;s former or other
employer. We are not aware of any threatened or pending claims related to these matters or concerning the agreements with our senior management or scientific founders, but in the future litigation may be necessary to defend against such claims. If
we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs
and be a distraction to management. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship or ownership of our issued patent, any patents issued
as a result of our pending or future patent applications and other intellectual property. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may also be subject to claims that
former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an ownership interest in our issued patent, any patents issued as a result of our pending or future applications or </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">65 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
other intellectual property. For example, we work with third-party contractors in formulating and manufacturing our product candidates. While we believe we have all rights to any intellectual
property related to our product candidates, a third party-contractor may claim they have ownership rights. We have had in the past, and we may also have in the future, ownership disputes arising, for example, from conflicting obligations of
consultants or others who are involved in developing our product candidates and technologies. For example, some of our consultants are employees of the University of Queensland. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims
challenging inventorship or ownership. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual
property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor will discover them or that our
trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because we expect to rely on third parties in the development and manufacture
of our product candidates, we must, at times, share trade secrets with them. We seek to protect our proprietary technology in part by entering into confidentiality agreements and, if applicable, material transfer agreements, consulting agreements or
other similar agreements with our advisors, employees, third-party contractors and consultants prior to beginning research or disclosing proprietary information. These agreements typically limit the rights of the third parties to use or disclose our
confidential information, including our trade secrets. Despite the contractual provisions employed when working with third parties, the need to share trade secrets and other confidential information increases the risk that such trade secrets become
known by our competitors, are inadvertently incorporated into the technology of others, or are disclosed or used in violation of these agreements. Given that our proprietary position is based, in part, on our know-how and trade secrets, a
competitor&#146;s discovery of our trade secrets or other unauthorized use or disclosure would impair our competitive position and may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, these agreements typically restrict the ability of our advisors, employees, third-party contractors and consultants to publish
data potentially relating to our trade secrets, although our agreements may contain certain limited publication rights. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets, our competitors may discover our trade secrets, either through breach of our
agreements with third parties, independent development or publication of information by any of our third-party collaborators. A competitor&#146;s discovery of our trade secrets would impair our competitive position and have an adverse impact on our
business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We have not yet registered trademarks for a commercial trade name for our product candidates and failure to secure such registrations
could adversely affect our business. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have not yet registered trademarks for a commercial trade name for our product
candidates. During trademark registration proceedings, we may receive rejections. Although we would be given an opportunity to respond to those rejections, we may be unable to overcome such rejections. In addition, in the PTO and in comparable
agencies in many foreign jurisdictions, third parties are given an opportunity to oppose pending trademark applications and to seek to cancel registered trademarks. Opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our trademarks, and our
trademarks may not survive such proceedings. Moreover, any name we propose to use with our product candidates in the United States must be approved by the FDA, regardless of whether we have registered it, or applied to register it, as a trademark.
The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed product names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed proprietary product names, we may be required to expend significant
additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable substitute name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, not infringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">66 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining necessary rights to our product candidates through
acquisitions and in-licenses. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may find that our programs require the use of proprietary rights held by third parties or the
growth of our business may depend in part on our ability to acquire, in-license or use these proprietary rights. We may be unable to acquire or in-license compositions, methods of use, processes or other third party intellectual property rights from
third parties that we identify as necessary for our product candidates. The licensing and acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and a number of more established companies are also pursuing strategies to
license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider attractive. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, financial resources and greater clinical development and
commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. We also may be unable to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would
allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment. Even if we are able to obtain a license to intellectual property of interest, we may not be able to secure exclusive rights, in which case others could use the same rights and compete with
us. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we are unable to successfully obtain rights to required third party intellectual property rights or maintain the existing
intellectual property rights we have, we may have to abandon development of that program and our business and financial condition could suffer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Any
collaboration arrangements that we may enter into in the future may not be successful, which could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may seek collaboration arrangements with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies for the development or commercialization of our product
candidates depending on the merits of retaining commercialization rights for ourselves as compared to entering into collaboration arrangements. We will face, to the extent that we decide to enter into collaboration agreements, significant
competition in seeking appropriate collaborators. Moreover, collaboration arrangements are complex and time-consuming to negotiate, document, implement and maintain. We may not be successful in our efforts to establish and implement collaborations
or other alternative arrangements should we so chose to enter into such arrangements. The terms of any collaborations or other arrangements that we may establish may not be favorable to us. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any future collaborations that we enter into may not be successful. The success of our collaboration arrangements will depend heavily on the
efforts and activities of our collaborators. Collaborations are subject to numerous risks, which may include that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborators have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to collaborations; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of our product candidates or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs based on clinical trial results, changes in their
strategic focus due to the acquisition of competitive products, availability of funding or other external factors, such as a business combination that diverts resources or creates competing priorities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborators may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial program, stop a clinical trial, abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials or require a new formulation
of a product candidate for clinical testing; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with our products or product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a collaborator with marketing, manufacturing and distribution rights to one or more products may not commit sufficient resources to or otherwise not perform satisfactorily in carrying out these activities;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we could grant exclusive rights to our collaborators that would prevent us from collaborating with others; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">67 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborators may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our intellectual property or proprietary information in a way that gives rise to actual or threatened litigation that could
jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential liability; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">disputes may arise between us and a collaborator that causes the delay or termination of the research, development or commercialization of our current or future products or that results in costly litigation or
arbitration that diverts management attention and resources; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborations may be terminated, and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable current or future products; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborators may own or co-own intellectual property covering our products that results from our collaborating with them, and in such cases, we would not have the exclusive right to develop or commercialize such
intellectual property; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a collaborator&#146;s sales and marketing activities or other operations may not be in compliance with applicable laws resulting in civil or criminal proceedings. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The
price of our stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The trading price of our common stock has
been, and is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed in these &#147;Risk Factors&#148; and elsewhere in this
quarterly report, these factors include, but are not limited to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">any delay in the commencement, enrollment and ultimate completion of clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">actual or anticipated results in our clinical trials or those of our competitors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">positive outcomes, or faster development results than expected, by parties developing peptide-based product candidates that are competitive with our peptide-based product candidates, as well as approval of any such
competitive peptide-based product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">failure to successfully develop commercial-scale manufacturing capabilities; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">unanticipated serious safety concerns related to the use of any of our peptide-based product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">failure to secure collaboration agreements for our peptide-based product candidates or actual or perceived unfavorable terms of such agreements; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">adverse regulatory decisions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates, including but not limited to clinical trial requirements for approvals; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our peptide-based product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our dependence on third parties, including CROs as well as manufacturers; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our failure to successfully commercialize any of our peptide-based product candidates, if approved; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">failure to meet or exceed any financial guidance or development timelines that we may provide to the public; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">68 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">overall performance of the equity markets and other factors that may be unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors, including changes in market valuations of similar
companies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">conditions or trends in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic collaborations, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to maintain an adequate rate of growth and manage such growth; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">issuances of debt or equity securities; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders in the future; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">trading volume of our common stock; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">publication of research reports about us or our industry or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">ineffectiveness of our internal controls; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">general political and economic conditions; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the stock market in general,
and The NASDAQ Global Market and biotechnology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and
industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The realization of any of the above risks or any of a broad range of other risks, including those described in these
&#147;Risk Factors,&#148; could have a dramatic and material adverse impact on the market price of our common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Volatility in our share price
could subject us to securities class action litigation. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Securities class action litigations have often been brought against
companies following a decline in the market price of their securities. This risk is especially relevant for us because pharmaceutical companies have experienced significant share price volatility in recent years. If we face such litigation, it could
result in substantial costs and a diversion of management&#146;s attention and resources, which could harm our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our principal stockholders
and management own a significant percentage of our stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, our executive officers, directors, holders of 5% or more of our capital stock and their respective affiliates
beneficially owned approximately 78% of our stock. Therefore, these stockholders will have substantial influence and may be able to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders may be able to control
elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This concentration of voting power could, among other things, delay or prevent an acquisition of our
company on terms that other stockholders may desire, which in turn could depress our stock price and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove the board of directors or management. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">69 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify
additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting
obligations. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prior to the IPO, we were a private company and had limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other
resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014, we and our independent registered public accounting firm
identified two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that
a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The first
material weakness related to a deficiency in the operation of our internal controls over the accounting for non-routine, complex equity transactions, which resulted in material post-closing adjustments to the convertible preferred stock, additional
paid-in capital, interest expense, and gain from modification of the redeemable convertible preferred stock balances in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2013. Our lack of adequate accounting personnel has
resulted in the identification of a second material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014. Specifically, we did not, and have not historically, appropriately designed and
implemented controls over the review and approval of manual journal entries and the related supporting journal entry calculations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm has performed or was required to perform an evaluation of our internal
control over financial reporting in according with Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We have taken steps to remediate the material weaknesses, including increasing the depth and experience within our accounting and finance organization,
and implemented an approval process related to manual journal entries and the related supporting journal entry calculations. In addition, we are continuing to work on designing and implementing additional improved processes and internal controls.
While we intend to implement a plan to remediate the material weaknesses, we have not completed the implementation of this plan as of December&nbsp;31, 2016. Accordingly, we continue to have the material weaknesses as of December&nbsp;31, 2016. We
can give no assurance that our current and planned implementation will remediate this deficiency in internal control or that additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting will not be
identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements and cause us to
fail to meet our reporting obligations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting
and any failure to maintain the adequacy of these internal controls may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will be required, pursuant to Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Section 404), to furnish a report by management on the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the year ending December&nbsp;31, 2017. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial
reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until our first Annual Report required to be filed with the SEC following the date we
are no longer an &#147;emerging growth company,&#148; as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the &#147;JOBS Act&#148;). At such time as we are required to obtain auditor attestation, if we then have a material weakness, we
would receive an adverse opinion regarding our internal control over financial reporting from our independent registered accounting firm. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have begun the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation
needed to comply with Section&nbsp;404, and we may not be able to complete our </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">70 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. Our compliance with Section&nbsp;404 will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant
management efforts. We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge and compile the system and process
documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section&nbsp;404. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">During our evaluation of our internal control,
if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or fail to remediate our current material weaknesses, we will be unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. We
cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report
our financial condition or results of operations. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness in our
internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our ordinary shares could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by
NASDAQ, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict
our future access to the capital markets. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We are an &#147;emerging growth company&#148; and as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance
requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are an
&#147;emerging growth company&#148; as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of some of the exemptions from reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including:
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced &#147;Management&#146;s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#148; disclosure; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor&#146;s report providing
additional information about the audit and the financial statements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">not being required to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will remain an emerging growth company, and thus may continue to rely on these exemptions, until the earlier of (1)&nbsp;the last day of
the fiscal year (a)&nbsp;following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the IPO, (b)&nbsp;in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.0 billion, or (c)&nbsp;in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the
market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior September&nbsp;30th, and (2)&nbsp;the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year
period. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under Section&nbsp;107(b) of the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until
such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption, and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not
&#147;emerging growth companies.&#148; </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">71 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Future sales of our common stock may depress our share price. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could
depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. At December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had outstanding a total of 16,722,280 shares of common stock, notwithstanding
any potential exercises of outstanding options. If additional shares of common stock are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any sales of securities by our stockholders could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock. In addition, in the future
we may issue common stock or other securities if we need to raise additional capital. The number of our new common stock issued in connection with raising additional capital could constitute a material portion of our then outstanding common stock.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we sell shares of our common stock in future financings, stockholders may experience immediate dilution and, as a result, our stock price may
decline. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may from time to time issue additional shares of common stock at a discount from the current trading price of our
common stock. As a result, our stockholders would experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares of our common stock sold at such discount. In addition, as opportunities present themselves, we may enter into financing or similar
arrangements in the future, including the issuance of debt securities, preferred stock or common stock. If we issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock, our common stockholders would experience additional dilution and, as a
result, our stock price may decline. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be
required to devote substantial time to maintain compliance with our public company responsibilities and corporate governance practices. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company, including costs resulting from public company reporting
obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and regulations regarding corporate governance practices. The listing requirements of The NASDAQ Global Market require that we satisfy certain corporate governance
requirements relating to director independence, distributing annual and interim reports, stockholder meetings, approvals and voting, soliciting proxies, conflicts of interest and a code of conduct. Our management and other personnel will need to
devote a substantial amount of time to ensure that we comply with all of these requirements, and we will likely need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company reporting experience and technical accounting
knowledge. Moreover, the reporting requirements, rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time consuming and costly. Any changes we make to comply with these obligations may not
be sufficient to allow us to satisfy our obligations as a public company on a timely basis, or at all. These reporting requirements, rules and regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public
company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors&#146;
and officers&#146; insurance, on acceptable terms. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an &#147;emerging growth
company,&#148; we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of The
NASDAQ Global Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance with these requirements.
Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">72 </P>


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these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance, which could make it more difficult for us to
attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the timing of such costs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or
submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or
internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision- making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of
simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our
control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">During the course of our review and testing, we may
identify deficiencies and be unable to remediate them before we must provide the required reports. Furthermore, since we have material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our
financial statements may be materially misstated. We or our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, which could harm our
operating results, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and cause the trading price of our stock to fall. In addition, as a public company we will be required to file accurate and timely quarterly and Annual
Reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Any failure to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis could result in sanctions, lawsuits, delisting of our shares from The NASDAQ Global Market or other adverse consequences that
would materially harm our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>NASDAQ may delist our securities from its exchange, which could limit investors&#146; ability to make
transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global
Market. We cannot assure you that, in the future, our securities will meet the continued listing requirements to be listed on The NASDAQ Global Market. If The NASDAQ Global Market delists our common stock, we could face significant material adverse
consequences, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a determination that our common stock is a &#147;penny stock&#148; which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity
in the secondary trading market for our common stock; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us
or our business. In the event one or more of the analysts who cover us </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">73 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price could be adversely affected. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company
or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, and we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third party claims against us and may
reduce the amount of money available to us generally. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we will
indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, as permitted by
Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification agreements that we have entered into and will enter into with our directors and officers provide that: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we will indemnify our directors and officers for serving us in those capacities or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a
corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable
cause to believe such person&#146;s conduct was unlawful; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is
ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we will not be obligated pursuant to our bylaws to indemnify a person with respect to proceedings initiated by that person against us or our other indemnitees, except with respect to proceedings authorized by our board
of directors or brought to enforce a right to indemnification; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the rights conferred in our bylaws are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees and agents and to obtain insurance to indemnify such persons;
and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may not retroactively amend our bylaw provisions to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees and agents. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As a result, if we are required to indemnify one or more of our directors or executive officers, it may reduce our available funds to satisfy
successful third party claims against us, may reduce the amount of money available to us and may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, would be your sole
source of gain. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will
retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock would be your
sole source of gain on an investment in our common stock for the foreseeable future. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Provisions in our corporate charter documents could make an
acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in
control of us that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">74 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common
stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to
replace members of our board of directors. Because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our
management team. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the
exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders&#146; ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum
for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation or our bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder&#146;s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds
favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision
contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our
business and financial condition. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our board of directors has certain characteristics which may delay or prevent a change of our management or a
change in control. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our board of directors has the following characteristics which may delay or prevent a change of management or
a change in control: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our board of directors has the right to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being
able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our stockholders may not act by written consent or call special stockholders&#146; meetings; as a result, a holder, or holders, controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to take certain actions other
than at annual stockholders&#146; meetings or special stockholders&#146; meetings called by the board of directors, the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">stockholders must provide advance notice and additional disclosures in order to nominate individuals for election to the board of directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders&#146; meeting,
which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer&#146;s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our board of directors may issue, without stockholder approval, shares of undesignated preferred stock; the ability to issue undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred
stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">75 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be
limited. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have incurred substantial losses during our history. We do not anticipate generating revenue from sales of products
for the foreseeable future, if ever, and we may never achieve profitability. To the extent that we continue to generate taxable losses, unused losses will carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire. Under
Section&nbsp;382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#147;Code&#148;), if a corporation undergoes an &#147;ownership change&#148; (generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage points change (by value) in its equity ownership
over a rolling three-year period), the corporation&#146;s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income may be limited. We have not completed our analysis to
determine what, if any, impact any prior ownership change has had on our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards. In addition, we may experience ownership changes in the future or subsequent shifts in our stock ownership, some of
which are outside our control. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $48.0 million that could be limited if we have experienced, or if in the future we experience, an ownership change, which
could have an adverse effect on our future results of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Provisions under Delaware law and California law could make an acquisition of our
company more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section&nbsp;203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which
generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any holder of at least 15% of our capital stock for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder acquired at least
15% of our common stock. Likewise, because our principal executive offices are located in California, the anti-takeover provisions of the California Corporations Code may apply to us under certain circumstances now or in the future. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_3"></A>Item&nbsp;1B.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Unresolved Staff Comments </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_4"></A>Item&nbsp;2.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Properties </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We lease approximately 11,372 square feet of office and laboratory space in
Milpitas, California, under a lease that expires in April 2018, with options to extend the lease for a period of three years. In March 2017, we entered into a seven year lease for approximately 42,877 square feet of office and laboratory space in
Newark, California and intend to relocate our operations to the facility in July 2017. We believe that our existing and new facilities and arrangements are adequate to meet our business needs for at least the next 12 months and that additional space
will be available on commercially reasonable terms, if required. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_5"></A>Item&nbsp;3.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Legal Proceedings </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">From time to time, we may become subject to litigation and claims
arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and we are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_6"></A>Item&nbsp;4.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Mine Safety Disclosures </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">76 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART II </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_7"></A>Item&nbsp;5.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Market for Registrant&#146;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Market Information </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our common stock began
trading on The NASDAQ Global Market on August&nbsp;11, 2016 and trades under the symbol &#147;PTGX.&#148; Prior to such time, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth the range of high and low quarterly sales
prices per share of our common stock for the periods noted, as reported on The NASDAQ Global Market: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Prices</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>High</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Low</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2016</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Third Quarter (from August 11, 2016)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22.56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10.02</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Fourth Quarter</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">26.36</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17.45</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On March&nbsp;2, 2017, the last reported sale price on The NASDAQ Global Market for our common stock was
$14.17. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Holders </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of
February&nbsp;28, 2017, we had approximately 25 record holders of our common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Performance Graph </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following is not deemed &#147;filed&#148; with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any
filing we make under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation by reference language in such filing. The graph below matches shows the cumulative total
stockholder return assuming the investment on the date specified in each of our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index, the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index, and the NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in
our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from August&nbsp;11, 2016 to December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g310331g29w67.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">77 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>8/11/16</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>8/16</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>9/16</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>10/16</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>11/16</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>12/16</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100.00</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">102.65</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">180.60</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">160.68</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">213.25</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">187.95</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">NASDAQ Composite</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100.00</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">101.09</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">103.02</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100.53</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">103.15</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">104.35</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">NASDAQ Biotechnology</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100.00</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">97.26</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">99.49</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">88.67</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">94.20</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">91.84</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">NASDAQ Pharmaceutical</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100.00</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">97.62</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">98.65</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">88.43</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">93.61</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">91.40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price
performance</I> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(1) In August 2016, upon the closing of our IPO, all 124,374,909 shares of our then-outstanding convertible preferred stock converted into
8,577,571 shares of common stock. The issuance of such shares of common stock was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(a)(9) and Section&nbsp;4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(2) From January&nbsp;1, 2016 through the date of closing of our IPO, we granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 644,270 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging between $1.16 and $6.09 to a total of 36 employees, directors and consultants under our 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. From January&nbsp;1, 2016 through the date of the closing of our IPO, options to
purchase an aggregate of 111,501 shares of common stock were exercised. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The offers, sales, and issuances of the securities described in
paragraph (2)&nbsp;above were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Rule 701 thereunder as offers and sales of securities pursuant to certain compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation
in compliance with Rule 701. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Dividend Policy </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have never declared or paid any cash dividends. We currently expect to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and
expansion of our business, and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Initial Public Offering </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Use of Proceeds </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On August&nbsp;10, 2016,
our registration statements on Form S-1 (File Nos. 333-212476 and 333-213071) relating to the IPO became effective. The IPO closed on August&nbsp;16, 2016 at which time we issued 7,500,000 shares of our common stock at an initial offering price of
$12.00 per share. On September&nbsp;9, 2016, we issued an additional of 252,972 shares of common stock at a price of $12.00 per share following the underwriters&#146; exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. We received an aggregate
of $83.6 million in cash, net of underwriting discounts and commissions, and after deducting offering costs paid by us. None of the expenses associated with the IPO were paid to directors, officers, persons owning 10% or more of any class of equity
securities, or to their associates, or to our affiliates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Leerink Partners LLC, Barclays Capital Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. acted
as the underwriters. Shares of our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Market on August&nbsp;11, 2016. The shares were registered under the Securities Act on registration statements on Form S-1 (File Nos. 333-212476 and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">333-213071).</FONT> There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our IPO from that described in the prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act on
August&nbsp;10, 2016. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">78 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_8"></A>Item&nbsp;6.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Selected Consolidated Financial Data </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following selected consolidated statement of
operations data for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in
this report. The selected consolidated balance sheet data at December&nbsp;31, 2014 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this report. The data set forth below is not necessarily indicative of
results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with &#147;Item 7. Management&#146;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#148; and &#147;Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data&#148;
included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to fully understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="64%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2016&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2014&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center"><B>(In&nbsp;thousands,&nbsp;except&nbsp;for&nbsp;share&nbsp;and&nbsp;per&nbsp;share&nbsp;data)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating expenses:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">25,705</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,831</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,459</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,961</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,963</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,860</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total operating expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32,666</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(32,666</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(9,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Interest income</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">242</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant
liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,719</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(83</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,735</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,933</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,218</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5.80</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(59.32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(49.38</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders,
basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,501,796</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">251,717</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">227,197</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="12"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="9" VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87,749</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,923</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,324</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Working capital</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">76,809</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,080</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,563</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">93,990</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,845</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accumulated deficit</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(64,593</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,416</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(12,558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,643</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,023</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">36,996</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">20,576</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total stockholders&#146; equity (deficit)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87,555</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,400</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(12,621</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">79 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_9"></A>Item&nbsp;7.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Management&#146;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with &#147;Item 6.
Selected Financial Data&#148; and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and
uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in &#147;Item&nbsp;1A. Risk Factors&#148; and in other parts of this Annual
Report. </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Overview </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are a
clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a proprietary technology platform focused on discovering and developing peptide-based new chemical entities (&#147;NCEs&#148;) to address significant unmet medical needs. Our primary focus is on
developing first-in-class peptide drugs that specifically target biological pathways also targeted by currently marketed injectable antibody drugs. Compared to injectable antibody drugs, our oral peptides offer targeted delivery to the
gastrointestinal (&#147;GI&#148;) tissue compartment, potential for improved safety due to minimal exposure in the blood, and improved convenience and compliance due to oral delivery. Our initial lead product candidates, PTG-100 and PTG-200, are
based on this approach, and we believe have the potential to transform the existing treatment paradigm for inflammatory bowel disease (&#147;IBD&#148;), a GI disease consisting primarily of ulcerative colitis (&#147;UC&#148;) and Crohn&#146;s
disease (&#147;CD&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PTG-100 is a potential first-in-class oral, alpha-4-beta-7
(&#147;<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#097;</FONT>4<FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:SYMBOL">&#098;</FONT>7&#148;) integrin-specific antagonist peptide product candidate which is currently being evaluated in a global Phase 2b study that is anticipated to
enroll approximately 260 patients at about 100 clinical sites. We anticipate completing this trial in the second half of 2018. Our second lead product candidate, PTG-200, is a potential first-in-class oral Interleukin-23 receptor <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(&#147;IL-23R&#148;)</FONT> antagonist being developed initially for moderate-to-severe CD. Interleukin-23 is a protein produced by white blood cells that regulates inflammatory and immune functions. PTG-200 is currently
in Investigational New Drug (&#147;IND&#148;) enabling studies, and we plan to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial in 2017. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our novel
peptides have potential applicability in a wide range of therapeutic areas in addition to GI diseases. Our first product candidate beyond IBD is PTG-300, an injectable hepcidin mimetic, which is currently in pre-clinical development. We plan to
complete pre-clinical IND-enabling studies in PTG-300 in the first half of 2017 and complete a Phase 1 study in healthy normal volunteers by the end of 2017. PTG-300 has potential utility for the treatment of iron overload disorders, such as
transfusion-dependent &szlig;-Thalassemia, hereditary hemochromatosis (&#147;HH&#148;) and sickle cell disease (&#147;SCD&#148;), each of which may qualify for orphan designation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are currently researching additional potential oral and injectable peptide-based product candidates for a range of conditions including,
but not restricted to GI diseases. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have not generated any revenue from product sales, and we do not currently have any products
approved for commercialization. We have never been profitable and have incurred net losses in each year since inception. Our net losses were $37.2 million, $14.9 million and $11.1 million for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014,
respectively. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $64.6 million. Substantially all of our net losses have resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development programs and from general and
administrative costs associated with our operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In August 2016, we completed our initial public offering (&#147;IPO&#148;) of our
common stock pursuant to which we issued 7,500,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $12.00 per share. In September 2016, we issued an additional of 252,972 shares of common stock at a price of $12.00 per share following the
underwriters&#146; exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. We received an aggregate of $83.6 million in cash from the IPO, net of underwriting discounts and commissions, and after deducting offering costs paid by us. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">80 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Components of Our Results of Operations </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to conduct research, such as the discovery and development of our product
candidates. We recognize all research and development costs as they are incurred. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development expenses consist primarily of
the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">expenses incurred under agreements with clinical study sites that conduct research and development activities on our behalf; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">employee-related expenses, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">laboratory vendor expenses related to the preparation and conduct of preclinical, non-clinical, and clinical studies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">costs related to production of clinical supplies and non-clinical materials, including fees paid to contract manufacturers; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">license fees; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">facilities and other allocated expenses, which include expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, depreciation and amortization expense and other supplies. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We recognize the funds from grants under government programs as a reduction of research and development expense when the related research
costs are incurred. In addition, we recognize the funds related to our Australian research and development tax incentives that are not subject to refund provisions as a reduction of research and development expense. The amounts are determined on a
cost reimbursement basis and as the incentive is related to our research and development expenditures and is non-refundable regardless of whether any Australian tax is owed, the amounts have been recorded as a reduction of research and development
expenses. These Australian research and development tax incentives are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably
measured. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, the Australian overseas finding research and development tax incentives are no longer deemed to be at risk of clawback as less than 50% of our research and development expenditures under the program were
incurred overseas. As a result we have recognized the amounts received for 2014 and 2015 and the amount expected to be received for 2016 qualified expenditures as a reduction of research and development expense during the year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We allocate direct costs incurred to product candidates when they enter into clinical development. For product
candidates in clinical development, we allocate research and development salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation expense and indirect costs to our product candidates on a program-specific basis, and we include these costs in the
program-specific expenses. Program-specific expenses are unallocated when the current clinical expenses are incurred for our early stage research and drug discovery projects, our internal resources, employees and infrastructure are not tied to any
one research or drug discovery project and are typically deployed across multiple projects. As such, we do not maintain information regarding these costs incurred for the early stage research and drug discovery programs on a project-specific basis
prior to the clinical development stage. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">81 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table shows our research and development expenses incurred during the respective periods: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="92%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Clinical development expense &#151; PTG-100</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,988</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,563</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Discovery research expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,849</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,159</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,036</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Less: Reimbursement of expenses under grants and incentives</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,132</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(891</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(577</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total research and development expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">25,705</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,831</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,459</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We expect our research and development expenses will increase as we progress our product candidates, advance
our discovery research projects into the pre-clinical stage and continue our early stage research. The process of conducting research, identifying potential product candidates and conducting pre-clinical and clinical trials necessary to obtain
regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for our product candidates. The probability of success of the product candidates may be affected by numerous factors, including pre-clinical data,
clinical data, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. As a result, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development projects or when and to what extent we will generate revenue
from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General and Administrative Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs, allocated facilities costs and other expenses for outside professional
services, including legal, human resources, audit and accounting services. Personnel costs consist of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation. Allocated expenses consist of expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, depreciation and
amortization expense and other supplies. We expect to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and
those of the national securities exchange on which our securities are traded, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Interest Income </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Interest income
consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Change in Fair Value of Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock Tranche and Warrant Liabilities </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant
liabilities consists of the remeasurement of the fair value of financial liabilities related to our obligation to sell additional redeemable convertible preferred stock shares in subsequent closings contingent upon the achievement of certain
development milestones or approval of investors and warrants for the purchase of redeemable convertible preferred stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection
with our Series B and Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock financings we were obligated to sell additional shares of Series B and Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock in subsequent closings, in each case,&nbsp;contingent upon
the achievement of certain development milestones or upon the approval of the investors. We recorded this redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability incurred as a derivative financial instrument liability at the fair value on the date
of issuance, and we remeasured the liability on each subsequent balance sheet date.</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We issued the shares under our Series&nbsp;B
obligation in August 2014, and accordingly, we no longer have an obligation as of that date. In March 2016, upon closing of the second tranche of the Series C redeemable </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">82 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
convertible preferred stock, the fair value of the tranche liability was remeasured and the liability was reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, in connection with the issuance of our Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock financing, we issued freestanding warrants
to purchase shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock. We account for these warrants as a liability in our consolidated financial statements because the underlying instrument into which the warrants are exercisable contains
redemption provisions that are outside our control. Upon the exercise of warrants in April 2016, the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability was remeasured and the liability was reclassified to redeemable
convertible preferred stock. The remaining unexercised warrants expired in May 2016 and accordingly, are no longer subject to remeasurement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our management&#146;s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are
based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily
apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as
these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management&#146;s judgments and estimates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Accrued Research and Development Costs
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We record accrued expenses for estimated costs of our research and development activities conducted by third-party service
providers, which include the conduct of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials and contract manufacturing activities. We record the estimated costs of research and development activities based upon the estimated amount of services provided but not
yet invoiced, and include these costs in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and within research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations. These costs are a significant component of our research and
development expenses. We record accrued expenses for these costs based on factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance with agreements established with these third-party service providers. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We estimate the amount of work completed through discussions with internal personnel and external service providers as to the progress or
stage of completion of the services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services. We make significant judgments and estimates in determining the accrued balance in each reporting period. As actual costs become known, we adjust our accrued
estimates. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed, the number of patients enrolled and the rate of patient enrollment may
vary from our estimates and could result in us reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. Our accrued expenses are dependent, in part, upon the receipt of timely and accurate reporting from clinical research
organizations and other third-party service providers. To date, there have been no material differences from our accrued expenses to actual expenses. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Stock-Based Compensation </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We
recognize compensation costs related to stock options granted to employees based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. We estimate the fair value, and the resulting
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">83 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
stock-based compensation expense, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The estimated fair value of the stock-based awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the
requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective awards. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires
the use of highly subjective assumptions which determine the fair value of stock-based awards.&nbsp;These assumptions include: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Expected Term</I>&#151; Our expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is
determined using the simplified method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term). We have very limited historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and
post-vesting employment termination behavior for our stock option grants. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Expected Volatility</I>&#151;Prior to our IPO in August
2016, we were privately held and did not have any trading history for our common stock, the expected volatility was estimated based on the average volatility for comparable publicly traded biopharmaceutical companies over a period equal to the
expected term of the stock option grants.&nbsp;The comparable companies were chosen based on their similar size, stage in the life cycle, or area of specialty. We will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical
information regarding the volatility of our own stock price becomes available. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Risk-Free Interest Rate</I>&#151;The risk-free interest
rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of option. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Expected Dividend</I>&#151;We have never paid dividends on our common stock and have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock.
Therefore, we used an expected dividend yield of zero. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to the Black-Scholes assumptions, we estimate our forfeiture rate
based on an analysis of our actual forfeitures and will continue to evaluate the adequacy of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover behavior, and other factors. The impact from any forfeiture rate
adjustment would be recognized in full in the period of adjustment and if the actual number of future forfeitures differs from our estimates, we might be required to record adjustments to stock-based compensation in future periods. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, stock-based compensation expense was $2.1&nbsp;million, $99,000 and $42,000,
respectively. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had $12.6&nbsp;million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of 3.12 years. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Historically, for all periods prior to our IPO in August 2016, the fair values of the shares of common stock underlying our share-based awards
were estimated on each grant date by our board of directors. In order to determine the fair value of our common stock underlying option grants, our board of directors considered, among other things, contemporaneous valuations of our common stock
prepared by an unrelated third-party valuation firm in accordance with the guidance provide by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide, <I>Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as
Compensation</I>. Given the absence of a public trading market for our common stock, our board of directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered a number of objective and subjective factors to determine the best estimate of the fair value of
our common stock, including our stage of development; progress of our research and development efforts; the rights, preferences and privileges of our preferred stock relative to those of our common stock; equity market conditions affecting
comparable public companies and the lack of marketability of our common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For stock options granted after the completion of the IPO,
our board of directors determined the fair value of each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of our common stock as reported on the date of grant. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">84 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Income Taxes </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined
based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. We assess the likelihood
that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, our total gross deferred tax assets were $24.0 million. Due to our lack of earnings history and uncertainties
surrounding our ability to generate future taxable income, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The deferred tax assets were primarily comprised of federal and state tax net operating loss and tax credit
carryforwards.&nbsp;As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, our net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $48.0 million which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2033 and net operating loss carryforwards
for state income tax purposes of approximately $37.7 million which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2033.&nbsp;As of December&nbsp;31, 2016,&nbsp;we also had accumulated Australian tax losses of $9.2 million available
for carry forward against future earnings, which under relevant tax laws do not expire but may not be available under certain circumstances. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership changes that may have
occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section&nbsp;382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (Code), and similar state provisions. These ownership change limitations may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards and
other tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an &#147;ownership change&#148; as defined by Section&nbsp;382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions
over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points (by value) of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders. Since our formation, we have raised capital through the issuance of capital stock
on several occasions, which separately or combined with the purchasing stockholders&#146; subsequent disposition of those shares, may have resulted in such ownership changes, or could result in ownership changes in the future. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Results of Operations </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Comparison of the year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015 </I></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="67%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended</B><br><B>December 31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Dollar</B><br><B>Change</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>%</B><br><B>Change</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center"><B>(Dollars in thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating expenses:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">25,705</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,831</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">13,874</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">117</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,961</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,963</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,998</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">135</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total operating expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32,666</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,872</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">121</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(32,666</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(17,872</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">121</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Interest income</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">242</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">223</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant
liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,719</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(83</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,636</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(22,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">150</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><I>*</I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Percentage not meaningful</I> </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">85 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development expenses increased $13.9&nbsp;million, or 117%, from $11.8&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 to
$25.7&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $6.5 million related to contract manufacturing activities for PTG-100 clinical trials and other product candidate studies, an increase of
$2.8 million in costs for third party consultants, an increase of $2.7 million in pre-clinical activities for our product candidates, an increase of $2.6 million in salaries and employee-related expense due to an increase in headcount, an increase
of $1.9 million in PTG-100 Phase 1 clinical trials and other related studies, an increase of $0.3 million due to achieving certain development milestones in a prior collaboration agreement related to the initiation of preclinical development studies
on PTG-300 and an increase of $0.3 million in facility expenses. The increases were partially offset by an increase of $3.3 million in government programs recognized as a reduction of research and development expenses, primarily due to the increase
in our Australian research and development tax incentive including the recognition of amounts related to overseas finding that are no longer deemed to be at risk of clawback and funds earned under the Small Business Research grant awards. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General and Administrative Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative expenses increased $4.0&nbsp;million, or 135&nbsp;%, from $3.0&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31,
2015, to $7.0&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.9 million in professional service fees, an increase of $1.8 million increase in salaries and employee-related expense due to an
increase in headcount to support the growth of our operations and an increase of $0.3 million in facility and other administrative expenses. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Change
in Fair Value of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche and Warrant Liabilities </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable
convertible preferred stock tranche liability and warrant liabilities increased from a charge of $0.1 million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 to a charge of $4.7 million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. The change was due to the
fair value remeasurement of the outstanding mark to market liabilities as the fair value increased in 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Comparison of the years ended
December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014 </I></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="68%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended</B><br><B>December 31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Dollar</B><br><B>Change</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>%</B><br><B>Change</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center"><B>(Dollars in thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating expenses:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,831</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,459</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,372</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">59</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,963</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,860</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,103</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">59</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total operating expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,475</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">59</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(9,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5,475</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">59</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Interest income</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant
liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(83</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,686</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(95</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3,786</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development expenses increased $4.4&nbsp;million, or 59%, from $7.5&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2014 to
$11.8&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015. The increase was due to an increase </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">86 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
of $2.8&nbsp;million in pre-clinical activities for our product candidates, an increase of $0.8 million in PTG-100 Phase&nbsp;1 clinical trials, which were incurred primarily in the fourth
quarter of 2015, an increase of $0.6 million related to contract manufacturing activities, an increase of $0.5 million in salaries and employee-related expenses due to an increase in headcount and an increase of $0.1&nbsp;million in costs to third
party consultants primarily related to research and development activities for PTG-100.&nbsp;The increases were partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million in government grants recognized as a reduction to research and development expenses,
primarily due to the increase in Australia research and development tax incentive grant and the Small Business Innovation Research grant award obtained in 2015. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General and Administrative Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative expenses increased $1.1&nbsp;million, or 59%, from $1.9&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2014, to
$3.0&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015. The increase was due to an increase of $0.5 million in salaries and employee-related expenses due to an increase in headcount, an increase of $0.5&nbsp;million in professional services
fees, primarily for patent related matters and an increase of $0.1 million in facility-related costs due to the increase in our leased facility space. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Change in Fair Value of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche and Warrant Liabilities </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in estimated fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability and warrant liability decreased $1.7&nbsp;million,
or 95%, from a charge of $1.8&nbsp;million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2014 to a charge of $0.1 million for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015. The decrease was due to the fair value remeasurement of the outstanding mark to market
liabilities.&nbsp;We issued the shares under our Series&nbsp;B obligation in August 2014, and accordingly, we no longer had an obligation as of that date. However, we will continue to mark to market our Series&nbsp;C obligation until March 2016 when
we issued the additional shares under our Series&nbsp;C obligation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Liquidity and Capital Resources </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Liquidity and Capital Expenditures </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had $87.7 million of cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities and an accumulated deficit of
$64.6 million. In August 2016, we completed our IPO of our common stock pursuant to which we issued 7,500,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $12.00 per share. In September 2016, we issued an additional 252,972 shares of common stock at a
price of $12.00 per share following the underwriters&#146; exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. We have received an aggregate of $83.6 million in cash, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and after deducting offering
costs paid by us. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our primary uses of cash are to fund operating expenses, primarily research and development expenditures. Cash used to
fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of when we pay these expenses, as reflected in the change in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe, based on our current operating plan and expected expenditures, that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale
securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital
resources sooner than we currently expect. If our planned preclinical and clinical trials are successful, or our other product candidates enter clinical trials or advance beyond the discovery stage, we will need to raise additional capital in order
to further advance our product candidates towards regulatory approval. We will continue to require additional financing to advance our current product candidates through clinical development, to develop, acquire or in-license other potential product
candidates and to fund operations for the foreseeable future. We will continue to seek funds through equity or debt financings, collaborative or other arrangements with corporate sources, or through other sources of
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">87 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
financing. We anticipate that we will need to raise substantial additional capital, the requirements of which will depend on many factors, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the progress, timing, scope, results and costs of our preclinical studies and clinical trials for our product candidates, including the ability to enroll patients in a timely manner for our clinical trials;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of obtaining clinical and commercial supplies and any other product candidates we may identify and develop; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to successfully commercialize the product candidates we may identify and develop; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the manufacturing, selling and marketing costs associated with our lead product candidates and any other product candidates we may identify and develop, including the cost and timing of expanding our sales and marketing
capabilities; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the amount and timing of sales and other revenues from our lead product candidates and any other product candidates we may identify and develop, including the sales price and the availability of adequate third-party
reimbursement; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the cash requirements of any future acquisitions or discovery of product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the extent to which we may acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to attract, hire and retain qualified personnel; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Adequate additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Any failure to raise capital as and when needed could
have a negative impact on our financial condition and on our ability to pursue our business plans and strategies. Further, our operating plans may change, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements for
clinical trials and other research and development activities. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may
include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders&#146; rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as
incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. We currently have no credit facility or committed sources of capital. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and
commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated product development programs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="84%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="64%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in operating activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(29,972</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,385</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,743</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in investing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(59,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(8,264</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(299</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash provided by financing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">106,307</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,419</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,003</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Cash Flows from Operating Activities </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 was $30.0 million, consisting of a net loss of $37.2 million and a
net change of $0.1 million in our net operating assets and liabilities, which were offset by non-cash charges of $7.3 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of $4.2 million for the change in fair value associated with redeemable
convertible preferred stock tranche liability, $2.1 million for </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">88 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
stock-based compensation, $0.5 million for the change in fair value of convertible preferred stock warrant liability, and $0.3 million for depreciation and amortization expense. The change in our
net operating assets and liabilities was due primarily to an increase of $1.8 million in prepaid and other current assets related to advance payments of costs for research activities during the current period and an increase of $1.6 million in the
receivable related to the Australian research and development tax incentives, offset by a $3.3 million increase in our accounts payable and accrued expenses and other payables related to an increase in research and development activities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 was $14.4 million, consisting of a net loss of $14.9 million,
which was partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.4 million and a net change of $0.1 million in our net operation assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of $0.6 million for the change in fair value of redeemable
convertible preferred stock tranche liability, $0.2 million for depreciation and amortization expense, $0.1 million for stock-based compensation, offset by gain of $0.5 million for the change in fair value of convertible preferred stock warrant
liability. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was due primarily to an increase of $1.8 million in our accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to an increase in research and development activities, offset by $1.5 million
increase in cash used for prepaid and other current assets related to payments associated with clinical trials and studies and a $0.2 million increase in a receivable related to the Australia research and development tax incentive. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2014 was $7.7 million, consisting of a net loss of $11.1 million, which
was partially offset by non-cash charges primarily of $2.1 million and a net increase of $1.3 million in our net operation assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of $1.8 million for the change in fair value of our
convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant liabilities and $0.3 million for depreciation and amortization expense. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was due primarily to decrease of $0.6 million in prepaid expenses and
other current assets related to payments for research and development activities, an increase of $0.4 million in our accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to an increase in research and development activities and a $0.3 million increase
in receivable related to the Australia research and development tax incentive. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Cash Flows from Investing Activities </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 was $59.3 million, consisting of our purchase of available-for-sale
securities of $73.2 million and our purchase of property and equipment of $0.4 million, partially offset by the proceeds from maturities of our available-for-sale securities of $14.2 million. The purchase of property and equipment was primarily
related to the expansion of our laboratory and related equipment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December&nbsp;31,
2015 was $8.3 million, consisting of the purchase of available-for-sale securities of $7.9 million and our purchase of property and equipment of $0.4&nbsp;million. The purchase of property and equipment was primarily related to the expansion of our
laboratory and the purchase of related equipment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2014 was related
to our purchase of property and equipment of $0.3 million. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Cash Flows from Financing Activities </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash provided by financing activities for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 was $106.3 million, consisting of net proceeds of $83.6
million from our initial public offering, net proceeds of $22.5 million from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock and proceeds of $0.2 million from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">89 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash provided by financing activities for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014 was
primarily related to proceeds from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock of $17.4 million and $9.0 million, respectively. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Contractual
Obligations and Other Commitments </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December&nbsp;31, 2016: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="56%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="18" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Payments Due by Period</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:85.40pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Contractual Obligations:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Less&nbsp;Than<BR>1 Year</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>1&nbsp;to&nbsp;3&nbsp;Years</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>3&nbsp;to&nbsp;5&nbsp;Years</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>More&nbsp;Than<BR>5 Years</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="18" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating lease obligations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">455</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total contractual obligations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">455</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2017, we entered into a lease agreement for a new office and laboratory space in Newark, California
to relocate our operations to a larger facility. The lease commencement date is July&nbsp;1, 2017 and the lease expires on June&nbsp;30, 2024. The aggregate minimum lease payments under the lease agreement will be approximately $13.4 million, and we
are providing the landlord with a security deposit of $450,000. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We enter into agreements in the normal course of business with contract
research organizations for clinical trials and with vendors for pre-clinical studies and other services and products for operating purposes, which are cancelable at any time by us, generally upon 30 to 60 days prior written notice. These payments
are not included in this table of contractual obligations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to the amounts set forth in the table above, we have certain
obligations under licensing agreements with third parties contingent upon achieving various development, regulatory and commercial milestones. In October 2013, the collaboration program under our Research Collaboration and License Agreement with
Zealand Pharma A/S (Zealand) was abandoned by Zealand. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we elected to assume the responsibility for the development and commercialization of the product candidate. Upon Zealand&#146;s abandonment, Zealand
assigned to us certain intellectual property arising from the collaboration and also granted us an exclusive license to certain background intellectual property rights of Zealand that relate to the products assumed by us. Upon the nomination of
PTG-300 as a development candidate, we owed Zealand a payment of $250,000, which has been recognized within research and development expense in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. If we initiate a
Phase 1 clinical trial for PTG-300, we will pay Zealand an additional $250,000. We have the right, but not the obligation, to further develop and commercialize the product candidate and, if we successfully develop and commercialize PTG-300 without a
partner, we will pay to Zealand up to an additional aggregate of $128.5 million for the achievement of certain development, regulatory and sales milestone events. In addition, we will pay to Zealand a low single digit royalty on worldwide net sales
of the product. As the achievement and timing of these future milestone payments are not probable and estimable, such amounts have not been included on our consolidated balance sheets or in the contractual obligations table above. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have
not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Recent Accounting Pronouncements </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In
August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#147;FASB&#148;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&#147;ASU&#148;) No.&nbsp;2014-15, <I>Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity&#146;s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern</I>.
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">90 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity&#146;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are
issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements.&nbsp;Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity&#146;s ability to
continue as a going concern.&nbsp;ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December&nbsp;15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.&nbsp;We adopted this standard effective
December&nbsp;31, 2016, and there was no impact related to the disclosures in our consolidated financial statements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In November 2015,
the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2015-17, <I>Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes</I>, which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU
eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent.&nbsp;The guidance
is effective for annual periods beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2016 and for interim periods within those annual periods though early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of the guidance will have a material effect on our
consolidated financial statements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2016-02, <I>Leases </I>(Topic 842). Under the new
guidance, (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged, while lessees will no longer be provided with a
source of off-balance sheet financing. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (January 1, 2019, for us). Early
application is permitted. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial
statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. While we are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our
consolidated financial statements, we expect our non-cancellable operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets, but we do not
expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on our results of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU
No.&nbsp;2016-09 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income
tax consequences, the determination of forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.&nbsp;This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years
beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted.&nbsp;We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2016-13,&nbsp;<I>Financial Instruments &#150; Credit Losses (Topic 326)</I>, which is intended to
provide financial statement users with more useful information about expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a
methodology that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning
after December&nbsp;15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2016-15,<I> Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#150; Classification of Certain Cash Receipts
and Cash Payments</I>, which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statements of cash flow to eliminate the diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. This ASU is effective for fiscal
years and interim periods within those years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">91 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I></I>In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2016-18, <I>Statement of Cash Flows (Topic
230) &#150; Restricted Cash, </I>which requires the presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning
after December&nbsp;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. <I> </I></P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_10"></A>Item&nbsp;7A.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are exposed to market
risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate sensitivities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We had $87.7 million and $11.9
million in cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and December&nbsp;31, 2015, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, money market funds, commercial paper, and government bonds.
Available-for-sale securities consist of corporate bonds, commercial paper, and government bonds. Short-term available-for-sale securities have maturities less than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Long-term available-for-sale securities have
maturities greater than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Such interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk; however, historical fluctuations in interest income have not been material. We had no outstanding debt as of
December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approximately $1.9 million and $0.6 million of our cash balance was located in Australia as of December&nbsp;31,
2016 and December&nbsp;31, 2015, respectively. Our expenses, except those related to our Australian operations, are generally denominated in U.S. dollars. For our operations in Australia, the majority of the expenses are denominated in Australian
dollars. To date, we have not had a formal hedging program with respect to foreign currency, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency should become more significant. A 10% increase or decrease in current exchange rates
would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial results. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">92 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_11"></A>Item&nbsp;8.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Financial Statements and Supplementary Data </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="index"></A>INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="95%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP><B>Audited Consolidated Financial Statements</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Page</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_22">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">94</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_23">Consolidated Balance Sheets</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">95</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_24">Consolidated Statements of Operations</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">96</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_25">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">97</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_26">Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders&#146;
 Equity (Deficit)</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">98</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_27">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">99</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_28">Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">100</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx310331_29">Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited)</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">120</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">93 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_22"></A>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist
Therapeutics, Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations,
comprehensive loss, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders&#146; equity (deficit), and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiary as of
December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company&#146;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in
accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">San Jose, California </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">March&nbsp;7, 2017 </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">94 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_23"></A>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Consolidated Balance Sheets </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands, except share data) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="82%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Assets</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Current assets:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,084</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,055</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Restricted cash</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Available-for-sale securities - current</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56,515</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,868</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development tax incentive receivable</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,241</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">715</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,394</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total current assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">83,244</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14, 206</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Property and equipment, net</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">562</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">609</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,150</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">93,990</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,845</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders&#146; Equity
(Deficit)</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Current liabilities:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accounts payable</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,163</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,247</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued expenses and other payables</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,272</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,879</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total current liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,435</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,126</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,643</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,435</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,249</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commitments and contingencies</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.00001 par value: no shares and 126,374,911 shares
authorized as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively; no shares and 77,185,117 shares issued and outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">36,996</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stockholders&#146; equity (deficit):</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value, 10,000,000 and no shares authorized as of December&nbsp;31,
2016 and 2015, respectively; and no shares issued and outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Common stock, $0.00001 par value, 90,000,000 and 160,000,000 shares authorized as of
December&nbsp;31, 2016 and, 2015, respectively; 16,722,280 and 272,409 shares issued and outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional paid-in capital</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">152,393</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">118</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(245</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(102</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accumulated deficit</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(64,593</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,416</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total stockholders&#146; equity (deficit)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87,555</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,400</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders&#146; equity
(deficit)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">93,990</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,845</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:40pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">95 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_24"></A>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Consolidated Statements of Operations </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands, except share and per share data) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating expenses:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">25,705</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,831</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,459</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,961</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,963</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,860</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total operating expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32,666</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(32,666</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(9,319</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Interest income</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">242</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant
liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,719</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(83</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,735</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,933</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,218</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5.80</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(59.32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(49.38</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders,
basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,501,796</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">251,717</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">227,197</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:235pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:170pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these consolidated financial statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">96 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_25"></A>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="73%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other comprehensive loss:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="9" VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(Loss) gain on translation of foreign operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(76</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unrecognized loss on available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(67</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,320</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,860</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,126</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:200pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:230pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these consolidated financial statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">97 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_26"></A>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders&#146; Equity (Deficit) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands, except share and per share data) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt" ALIGN="center">


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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Redeemable<BR>Convertible Preferred</B><br><B>Stock</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Common</B><br><B>Stock</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Additional</B><br><B>Paid-In</B><br><B>Capital</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Accumulated<BR>Other<BR>Comprehensive<BR>Loss</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Accumulated<BR>Deficit</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B><br><B>Stockholders&#146;<BR>Equity<BR>(Deficit)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Shares</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Amount</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Shares</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Amount</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Balance at December&nbsp;31, 2013</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">24,037,500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,122</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">226,009</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">135</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(46</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,483</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,394</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18,000,000</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,000</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Settlement of fair value of series B redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,308</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">146</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(143</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(146</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based compensation expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,548</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Balance at December&nbsp;31, 2014</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42,037,500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">20,576</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">228,557</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">37</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(100</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(12,558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(12,621</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $138 and
reclassification of $1,017 to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">35,147,617</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16,345</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">75</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(75</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(75</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based compensation expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">99</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">99</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">43,852</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Balance at December&nbsp;31, 2015</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">77,185,117</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">36,996</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">272,409</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">118</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(102</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,416</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,400</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">45,189,794</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22,488</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,837</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exercise of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,999,998</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,025</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accretion of redemption of convertible preferred stock to redemption value</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public
offering</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(124,374,909</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(66,904</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,577,571</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">66,904</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">66,904</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,752,972</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">83,648</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">83,648</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based compensation expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,130</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,130</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">119,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">151</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">151</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(143</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(143</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Balance at December&nbsp;31, 2016</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16,722,280</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">152,393</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(245</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(64,593</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87,555</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">98 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_27"></A>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="76%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended<BR>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTITIVIES</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Depreciation and amortization</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">317</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">247</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">258</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Amortization of premium on available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">117</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based compensation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,130</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">99</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value associated with redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,194</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">626</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">897</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">525</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(543</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">872</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development tax credit receivable</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,588</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(192</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">259</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,800</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,502</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">604</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accounts payable</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(115</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">898</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">179</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued expenses and other payables</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,395</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">878</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">218</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash used in operating activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(29,972</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,385</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,743</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Purchase of available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(73,169</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,865</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Purchase of property and equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(379</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(399</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(299</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,188</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from sale of property and equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash used in investing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(59,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(8,264</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(299</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22,488</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,362</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,000</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of preferred stock
warrant liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">20</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">151</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs</P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">83,648</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash provided by financing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">106,307</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,419</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,003</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Effect on exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(39</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(97</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,029</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5,269</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">864</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,055</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,324</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,460</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents, end of year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,084</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,055</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,324</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH FINANCING INFORMATION:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,837</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,308</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tranche liability in connection with the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock
financing</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,017</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">75</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">146</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public
offering</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">66,904</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:9pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,005</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:30pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">99 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx310331_28"></A>PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>1. Organization and Description of Business </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. (the &#147;Company&#148;) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August&nbsp;22, 2006 and is headquartered
in Milpitas, California. The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a proprietary peptide technology platform focused on discovering and developing new chemical entities to address significant unmet medical needs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist Pty Ltd is a wholly-owned subsidiary located in Brisbane, Australia. The Company manages its operations as a single operating
segment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Reverse Stock Split </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In July 2016, the Company&#146;s board of directors approved an amendment to the Company&#146;s amended and restated certificate of
incorporation to effect a reverse split of the Company&#146;s issued and outstanding common stock at a 1-for-14.5 ratio, which was effected on August&nbsp;1, 2016. The par value and authorized shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock
were not adjusted as a result of the reverse split. All issued and outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock and per share amounts contained in the consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the
reverse stock split for all periods presented. The consolidated financial statements have also been retroactively adjusted to reflect a proportional adjustment to the conversion ratio for each series of preferred stock in connection with the reverse
stock split. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Initial Public Offering </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On August&nbsp;10, 2016, the Company&#146;s registration statement on Form S-1 (File Nos. 333-212476 and 333-213071) relating to its initial
public offering (&#147;IPO&#148;) of common stock became effective. The IPO closed on August&nbsp;16, 2016 at which time the Company issued 7,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $12.00 per share. In addition, upon closing the IPO, all
outstanding shares of the redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into 8,577,571 shares of common stock and there are no shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding. In September 2016, the Company issued an additional
252,972 shares of common stock at a price of $12.00 per share following the underwriters&#146; exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. The Company received an aggregate of $83.6 million in cash, net of underwriting discounts and
commissions, and after deducting offering costs paid by the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Liquidity </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company has incurred net losses from operations since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $64.6 million as of December&nbsp;31,
2016. The Company&#146;s ultimate success depends on the outcome of its research and development activities. The Company expects to incur additional losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future and it anticipates the need to raise
additional capital to fully implement its business plan. The Company intends to raise such capital through the issuance of additional equity and/or strategic alliances with partner companies. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, the Company had $87.7
million of cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities and management believes the existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities will be sufficient to meet the Company&#146;s anticipated operating and capital
expenditure requirements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Basis of Presentation and Consolidation </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Protagonist Pty Ltd and
have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">100 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The financial statements of Protagonist Pty Ltd use the Australian dollar as the functional
currency since the majority of expense transactions occur in such currency. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions were not material for all periods presented. The re-measurement from Australian dollar to U.S. dollars is outlined below:
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Equity accounts, except for the change in retained earnings during the year, have been translated using historical exchange rates. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">All other Australian dollar denominated assets and liabilities as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015 have been translated using the year-end exchange rate. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The consolidated statements of operations have been translated at the weighted average exchange rates in effect during each year, except for depreciation, which has been translated at historical exchange rates.
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reported as a component of stockholders&#146; equity (deficit) in
accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Use of Estimates </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and
judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to accruals for research and development activities, fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability, fair value of redeemable
convertible preferred stock warrant liability, fair value of common stock, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Management bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that the Company
believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results may differ from those estimates. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Concentrations of Credit Risk </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and
available-for-sale securities. Substantially all the Company&#146;s cash is held by one financial institution that management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Cash Equivalents </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash equivalents
that are readily convertible to cash are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist
of amounts invested in money market funds, commercial paper and government bonds. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Restricted Cash </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Restricted cash consisted of cash balances primarily held as security in connection with the Company&#146;s corporate credit card. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Available-for-Sale Securities </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All
marketable securities have been classified as &#147;available-for-sale&#148; and are carried at estimated fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. Management determines the appropriate
classification of its marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">101 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
as of each balance sheet date. Short-term marketable securities have maturities less than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Long-term marketable securities have maturities greater than 365
days as of the balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and are reported as a component of comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than temporary, if any, on
available-for-sale securities are included in interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Interest on marketable securities is included in interest income. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Fair Value of Financial Instruments </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated
financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The carrying amount of the Company&#146;s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other payables approximate fair value due to their
short term maturities. See Note 3. Fair Value Measurements regarding the fair value of the Company&#146;s other financial assets and liabilities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Property and Equipment </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Property
and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the
consolidated balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily comprised of property and equipment, for impairment or whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are
considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset. There have been no such impairments of
long-lived assets for any of the periods presented. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Accrued Research and Development Costs </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company accrues for estimated costs of research and development activities conducted by third-party service providers, which include the
conduct of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and contract manufacturing activities. The Company records the estimated costs of research and development activities based upon the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced, and
include these costs in accrued expenses and other payables in the consolidated balance sheets and within research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. These costs are a significant component of the Company&#146;s
research and development expenses. The Company accrues for these costs based on factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance with agreements established with its third-party service providers. The Company makes significant
judgments and estimates in determining the accrued liabilities balance in each reporting period. As actual costs become known, the Company adjusts its accrued liabilities. The Company has not experienced any material differences between accrued
costs and actual costs incurred. However, the status and timing of actual services performed, number of patients enrolled, and the rate of patient enrollments may vary from the Company&#146;s estimates, resulting in adjustments to expense in future
periods. Changes in these estimates that result in material changes to the Company&#146;s accruals could materially affect the Company&#146;s results of operations. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">102 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Comprehensive Loss </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders&#146; equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to stockholders.
The Company&#146;s foreign currency translation and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities represent the only components of other comprehensive loss that are excluded from the reported net loss and that are presented in the
consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Income Taxes </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes in accordance with the authoritative guidance for income taxes.
Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases,
and tax loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
realized. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained.
Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company records
interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties recorded in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development Costs </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist of salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, lab supplies
and facility costs, as well as fees paid to others that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company&#146;s behalf. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research
and Development Tax Incentive </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company is eligible under the AusIndustry research and development tax incentive program to
obtain a cash amount from the Australian Taxation Office (&#147;ATO&#148;). The tax incentive is available to the Company on the basis of specific criteria with which the Company must comply. Specifically, the Company must have revenue of less than
AUD 20.0&nbsp;million and cannot be controlled by income tax exempt entities.&nbsp;These research and development tax incentives are recognized as contra research and development expense when the right to receive has been attained and funds are
considered to be collectible. The tax incentive is denominated in Australian dollars and, therefore, the related receivable is remeasured into U.S. dollars as of each reporting date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under certain conditions, research and development activities conducted outside Australia (&#147;overseas finding&#148;) also qualify for the
research and development tax incentive. Funds received for overseas finding are at a risk of clawback until substantiation that less than 50% research and development expenditures for a project will be incurred overseas. A deferred tax incentive is
recorded upon the cash receipt of the overseas finding funds and a reduction of research and development expenses is not recognized until the Company can substantiate that more than 50% of the total project expenditure will occur in Australia. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">When there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received with remote risk of clawback, the relevant expenditure has been incurred,
and the consideration can be reliably measured, the Company records the research and development incentive, including the overseas finding funds, as research and development tax incentive receivable and a reduction of research and development
expenses for the balance to reflect that the funds are owed to the Company for the year the eligible costs are incurred. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">103 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>SBIR Grants </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company has been awarded Small Business Innovation Research (&#147;SBIR&#148;) grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (&#147;NIH&#148;) in support of its research activities. The Company records the eligible costs incurred under the SBIR grants as a reduction of research and development expenses. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company has determined that the Company&#146;s obligation to issue additional shares of the Company&#146;s redeemable convertible preferred
stock represents a freestanding financial instrument, which was accounted for as a liability. The freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability was initially recorded at fair value, with fair value changes recognized in the
consolidated statements of operations. At the time of the exercise or expiration of the option, any remaining value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability is reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock with no
further remeasurement required. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I></I></B>The Company has accounted for its freestanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company&#146;s redeemable convertible preferred
stock as liabilities at fair value upon issuance. At the end of each reporting period, changes in estimated fair value during the period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company continued to adjust the warrant liability
for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants or expiration on May&nbsp;10, 2016, and no further remeasurement is required<B><I>. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Stock-based Compensation </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based on the estimated fair values of the awards as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service
period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest. As such, the Company&#146;s stock-based compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the
date of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based
compensation expense for options granted to non-employees as consideration for services received is measured on the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees is periodically remeasured as the underlying options vest. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the
weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. The net loss attributable to common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss of the Company for
the accretion on the redeemable convertible preferred stock. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented since the effect of
potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net loss of the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Recent Accounting Pronouncements </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2014-15, <I>Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity&#146;s Ability to Continue as a Going
Concern</I>. ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">104 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
of an entity&#146;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going
concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity&#146;s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective
for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December&nbsp;15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance effective December&nbsp;31, 2016, and there was no impact on the disclosures to its consolidated financial
statements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In November 2015, FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2015-17, <I>Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred
Taxes</I>, which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a
classified balance sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2016 and for interim periods within those annual
periods though early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of the guidance will have a material effect on the Company&#146;s consolidated financial statements. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2016-02, <I>Leases </I>(Topic 842). Under the new guidance, (with the exception of short-term
leases) at the commencement date, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged, while lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. Public
business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (January 1, 2019, for us). Early application is permitted. Lessees (for capital
and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach
would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. While the Company is currently evaluating the impact that the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements, the
Company expects the non-cancellable operating lease commitments will be subject to the new guidance and recognized as right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the Company&#146;s consolidated balance sheets, but the Company does not
expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact on the Company&#146;s results of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2016, the FASB
issued ASU 2016-09 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the
income tax consequences, the determination of forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those
years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#147;FASB&#148;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&#147;ASU&#148;)
No.&nbsp;2016-13,&nbsp;<I>Financial Instruments &#150; Credit Losses (Topic 326)</I>, which is intended to provide financial statement users with more useful information about expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting entity at
each reporting date. The new standard replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected
credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after
December&nbsp;15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU
No.&nbsp;2016-15,<I> Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#150; Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments</I>, which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">105 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
payments in the statements of cash flow to eliminate the diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those
years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I></I>In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&nbsp;2016-18, <I>Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#150; Restricted Cash, </I>which
requires the presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2017, with
early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. <I> </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3. Fair Value Measurements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair
value, clarifies the definition of fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Level 1</I>&#151;Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Level 2&#151;</I>Inputs (other than quoted market prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or
liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument&#146;s anticipated life. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Level 3</I>&#151;Inputs reflect management&#146;s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at
the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In determining fair value, the Company utilizes quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotation, or valuation techniques that maximize the
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table presents the fair value of the Company&#146;s financial assets and liabilities determined using the inputs defined above
(amounts in thousands). </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31, 2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level 1</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level 2</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;3</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Assets:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,270</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,270</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,841</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,841</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Governmental bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,289</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,289</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total financial assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,270</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">73,899</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">85,169</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">106 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="71%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31, 2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level 1</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level 2</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level 3</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Assets:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,136</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,136</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total financial assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,136</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,868</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,004</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Liabilities:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,643</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,643</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total financial liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,123</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The corporate bonds, commercial paper and government bonds are classified as Level 2 as they were valued based
upon quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market
or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Level 3 instruments are valued based on
unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the Company&#146;s assumptions in measuring fair value. The fair value measurements of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability and the redeemable
convertible preferred stock warrant liability were based on significant inputs not observed in the market and thus represent a Level 3 measurement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability stems from the initial sale of the Company&#146;s Series C redeemable convertible
preferred stock wherein the Company was obligated to sell additional shares in subsequent closings contingent upon a majority of the stockholders of the outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock and/or the achievement of certain development
milestones. The subsequent closings were deemed to be freestanding financial instruments that were at the option of the holders. The Company estimated the fair value of this liability using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the
Option Pricing Model. The change in fair value was recognized as a gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 10 for further discussion on the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability and related valuations.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The determination of the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability is discussed in Note 8. Generally,
increases or decreases in the fair value of the underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock would result in a directionally similar impact in the fair value measurement of the warrant liability. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company&#146;s Level 3 financial instruments as follows (in
thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="85%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended</B><br><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Beginning balance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,643</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,017</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value upon revaluation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,194</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">626</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability due to the issuance of
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5,837</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ending balance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,643</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">107 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended</B><br><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Beginning balance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,023</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in fair value upon revaluation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">525</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(543</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable
convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,005</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ending balance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4. Balance Sheet Components </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-sale Securities </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="68%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31, 2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Amortized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gross&nbsp;Unrealized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Cost</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gains</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Losses</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Fair&nbsp;Value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,270</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,270</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,886</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(45</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,841</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,769</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Government bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,316</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(29</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,289</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">85,241</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(74</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">85,169</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Classified as:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18,504</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Available-for-sale securities - current</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56,515</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,150</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">85,169</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31, 2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Amortized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gross&nbsp;Unrealized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Cost</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gains</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Losses</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Fair&nbsp;Value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,136</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,136</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,373</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,009</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,004</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Classified as:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,136</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Available-for-sale securities - current</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,868</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,004</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All available-for-sale securities - current held as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and December&nbsp;31, 2015 had
contractual maturities of less than one year. All available securities &#150; noncurrent held as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 had contractual maturities of greater than one year but less than two years. There have been no material realized gains or
losses on available-for-sale securities for the periods presented. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">108 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid clinical and research related expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,488</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,253</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">906</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">305</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,394</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Property and Equipment, Net </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="69%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Laboratory equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,650</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,452</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Furniture and computer equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">163</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">140</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Leasehold improvements</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">62</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total property and equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,875</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,640</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,313</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,031</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Property and equipment, net</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">562</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">609</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Depreciation expense for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $317,000, $247,000 and
$258,000, respectively. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, $8,000 and $51,000, respectively, property and equipment, net, were located in Australia. The remainder of the assets are located in the United States. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Accrued Expenses and Other Payables </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued expenses and other payables consisted of the following (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued clinical and research related expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,617</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">976</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued employee related expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,420</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">754</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">235</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">149</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total accrued expenses and other payables</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,272</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,879</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>5. Research Collaboration and License Agreement </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In October 2013, the Company&#146;s former collaboration partner decided to abandon a collaboration program with the Company and, pursuant to
the terms of the agreement between the Company and the former collaboration partner, the Company elected to assume the responsibility for the development and commercialization of the product. Upon the former collaboration partner&#146;s abandonment,
it assigned to the Company certain intellectual property arising from the collaboration and also granted the Company an exclusive license to certain background intellectual property rights of the former collaboration partner that relate to the
products assumed by the Company. Upon the nomination of PTG-300 as a development candidate, the Company owed the former collaboration partner a payment of $250,000. If the Company initiates a Phase 1 clinical trial for PTG-300, it will pay the
former collaboration partner an additional $250,000. The Company has the right, but not the obligation, to further develop and commercialize the products and, if the Company successfully develops and
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">109 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
commercializes PTG-300 without a partner, the Company will pay to the former collaboration partner up to an additional aggregate of $128.5 million for the achievement of certain development,
regulatory and sales milestone events. In addition, the Company will pay to the former collaboration partner a low single digit royalty on worldwide net sales of the product until the later of ten years from the first commercial sale of the product
or the expiration of the last patent covering the product. For the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, the Company recorded research and development expense of $250,000 under this agreement. There were no such costs incurred for the years ended
December&nbsp;31, 2015 or 2014. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6. Government Programs </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development Tax Incentive </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company recognized AUD 5.3&nbsp;million ($4.0 million), AUD 978,000 ($736,000) and AUD 639,000 ($577,000) as a reduction of research and
development expenses for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in connection with the research and development tax incentive from Australia. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and December&nbsp;31, 2015, the research and
development tax incentive receivable was AUD 3.1&nbsp;million ($2.2 million) and AUD 978,000 ($715,000), respectively. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2016, the
Company received AUD 237,000 ($182,000) for overseas findings and recorded the funds as deferred tax incentive in accrued expenses and other payables on the consolidated balance sheet due to the possibility that the funds could have to be repaid. In
October 2016, the Company received AUD 3.0&nbsp;million ($2.2 million) including interest, in connection with the Australian research and development tax incentive. Of the funds received, AUD 1.0&nbsp;million ($0.7 million) reduced the research and
development tax incentive receivable and AUD 2.0&nbsp;million ($1.5 million), which was for overseas findings, was recorded as deferred tax incentive in accrued expenses and other payables on the consolidated balance sheet due to the risk of
clawback. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In December 2016, the Company&#146;s research and development project under the AusIndustry research and development tax
incentive program was complete and the Company substantiated that more than 50% of the total project expenditures occurred in Australia. Therefore, the overseas finding related incentive amounts are not deemed to be at risk of clawback and the
Company recognized AUD 2.2&nbsp;million ($1.6 million) as a reduction of research and development expenses for the overseas findings received in 2016. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>SBIR Grant </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In September 2015, the
Company was awarded a Phase 1 SBIR Grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (&#147;NIH&#148;) in support of research on orally stable peptide antagonists of the
Interleukin-23 receptor (&#147;IL-23R&#148;) as potential treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (&#147;IBD&#148;). The total grant award was $224,000 and is for the period from September 2015 to August 2016. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In July 2016, the Company was awarded a Phase 1 SBIR Grant from the National Institute of Heart and Lung Diseases of the NIH in support of
preclinical research aimed at discovering and optimizing lead molecules as novel peptide mimetics of the natural hepcidin hormone. The total grant award was $219,000 and is for the period from August 2016 to January 2017. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company recognizes contra research and development when expenses related to the grants have been incurred and the grant funds become
contractually due from NIH. The Company recorded $169,000 and $155,000 as a reduction of research and development expenses for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company recorded a receivable for $100,000 and $155,000
as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, to reflect the eligible costs incurred under the grants that are contractually due to the Company and such amounts are included in the prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated
balance sheets. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">110 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>7. Commitments and Contingencies </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Lease Arrangements </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company
leases its facility under a noncancelable operating lease that expires in April 2018. The Company has provided a security deposit of $30,000 as collateral for the lease, which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table summarizes the Company&#146;s future minimum lease payments as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><B>Year Ending December&nbsp;31:</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Amount</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2017</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2018</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">87</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">455</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company&#146;s rent expense was $408,000, $280,000 and $184,000 for the years ended December&nbsp;31,
2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases and accordingly, the Company records the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of rent expense as a deferred rent
liability. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Indemnifications </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to such
agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and defend an indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to those arising from third party actions. In some cases, the
indemnification will continue after the termination of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these provisions is not determinable. The Company has also entered into indemnification
agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by
California corporate law. The Company currently has directors&#146; and officers&#146; insurance. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to the indemnification agreements. The Company
believes that the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal and has not accrued any amounts for the obligations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>8. Preferred Stock
Warrants </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock financing, the Company issued warrants to purchase
4,000,000 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. These warrants would become exercisable only when certain milestones were met on programs begun as a result of collaborations entered into
in 2011 and 2012. In particular, 50% of the warrants would become exercisable upon the Company publicly announcing its first Investigational New Drug (&#147;IND&#148;) candidate to the extent such IND candidate was the result of, or related to, the
Company&#146;s previous collaboration(s) with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and/or Zealand Pharma A/S, and the balance would become exercisable upon the first dosing of a human patient in a clinical trial that was the result of, or related to, the
Company&#146;s previous collaboration(s) with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and/or Zealand Pharma A/S. In August 2013, the initial closing date for the Series B financing, the Company issued 2,000,000 of the warrants (&#147;First Tranche Warrants&#148;).
On August&nbsp;15, 2014, in connection with the closing of the Series B second tranche financing, the Company issued the balance of the warrants (&#147;Second Tranche Warrants&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The fair value of the warrants outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2015 was remeasured at $480,000, determined using a one-step binomial
lattice model in combination with the Option Pricing Model and the </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">111 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 0.90%, expected life of 1.6 years and expected volatility of 57.0% and probability of exercisability of 95% and 0% for the first tranche and
second tranche, respectively. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2016, the Company made a public announcement related to a preclinical candidate which triggered
the achievement of the milestone and warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock became exercisable as of that date. In April 2016, 1,999,998 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were
issued for cash proceeds of $20,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants. Immediately prior to the exercise of the warrants, the fair value of the warrants was remeasured at $1.0 million, determined using a hybrid method of the Option Pricing
Model with a 67% weighted value per share and the probability-weighted expected return method (&#147;PWERM&#148;) with a 33% weighted value per share. The following assumptions were used in the Option Pricing Model: risk-free interest rate of 0.73%,
expected life of 2.0 years and expected volatility of 52.0%. The PWERM method included probabilities of three IPO scenarios occurring in July 2016. The scenarios were weighted based on the Company&#146;s estimate of each event occurring in deriving
the estimated fair value. Upon the exercise of warrants, the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability of $1.0 million was reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In May 2016, the remaining warrants for the purchase of 2,000,000 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock expired
unexercised. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company recorded a charge of $525,000 and $872,000 for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2014, respectively,
representing the increase in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded a gain of $543,000 for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2015, representing
the decrease in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability in the consolidated statements of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In April 2016, 1,999,998 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were issued
in connection with the exercise of warrants for cash proceeds of $20,000. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Following the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of the
redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into 8,577,571 shares of common stock and the related carrying value was reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital. There were no shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock
outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The table below provides information on the Company&#146;s redeemable convertible preferred
stock as of December&nbsp;31, 2015 (in thousands, except shares and original issue price): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD ROWSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Shares</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Original<BR>Issue&nbsp;Price</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Authorized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Issued and</B><br><B>Outstanding</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Carrying</B><br><B>Value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Aggregate<BR>Liquidation<BR>Preference</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Series A</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.00</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,037,500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,037,500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,751</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,038</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Series B</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.50</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">40,000,000</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">36,000,000</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18,825</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18,000</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Series C</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.4979</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">80,337,411</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">35,147,617</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16,420</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17,500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total redeemable convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">126,374,911</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">77,185,117</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">36,996</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,538</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As only the passage of time was required for Series A, B and C to become redeemable, the Company was accreting
the carrying value of Series A, B and C to their redemption value over the period from the respective date of issuance to July 2022, (the earliest redemption date) up to the IPO date. In the event of a change of control of the Company, proceeds
would be distributed in accordance with the liquidation preferences set forth in the Company&#146;s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation unless the holders of redeemable convertible </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">112 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
preferred stock had converted their redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock. Therefore, redeemable convertible preferred stock was classified outside of
stockholders&#146; equity (deficit) on the consolidated balance sheets, as Series A, B and C redeemable convertible preferred stock can be redeemed and as events triggering the liquidation preferences were not solely within the Company&#146;s
control. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company recorded $558,000, $75,000, and $146,000 for the accretion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock during the
years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The accretion was recorded as an offset to the additional paid in capital until such balance was depleted and any remaining accretion was recorded to accumulated deficit. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>10. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In August 2014, the Company completed the closing of the Series B Second Tranche and issued 18,000,000 shares of Series B redeemable
convertible preferred stock for gross cash proceeds of $9.0 million. At this time the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was remeasured at $2.3 million using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with option pricing
method based on the following assumptions: 100% probability of achievement of the development milestones, stock price of $0.50 per share, expected term of 0 years and risk-free rate of 0.5%. Upon the closing of the Series B Second Tranche, the
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was terminated and the balance of the liability of $2.3 million was reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In July 2015, the Company entered into the Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (&#147;the Series C Agreement&#148;) for the issuance
of up to 80,337,411 shares of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at a price of $0.4979 per share, in multiple closings. The initial closing occurred on July&nbsp;10, 2015, whereby 35,147,617 shares of Series C redeemable convertible
preferred stock were issued for gross proceeds of approximately $17.5 million. According to the initial terms of the Series C Agreement, the Company could issue 45,189,794 additional shares under the same terms as the initial closing, in a
subsequent closing (&#147;Series C Second Tranche&#148;) contingent upon the achievement of certain development milestones. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On the date
of the initial closing, the Company recorded a Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock liability of $1.0 million, as the fair value of the obligation/right to complete the Series C Second Tranche. The fair value of the Series C redeemable
convertible preferred stock liability on the date of the initial closing was determined using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the option pricing method based on the following assumptions: 90% probability of achievement of the
development milestones, stock price of $0.4979 per share, expected term of 1.0 year, and risk-free rate of 0.5%. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At December&nbsp;31,
2015, the fair value of the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was remeasured and determined to be $1.6 million using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the Option Pricing Model based on the following
assumptions: 95% probability of achievement of the development milestones, stock price of $0.4979 per share, expected term of 0.53 year, and risk-free rate of 0.9%. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2016, the Company completed the closing of the Series C Second Tranche and issued 45,189,794 shares of Series C redeemable
convertible preferred stock for net cash proceeds of $22.5 million. At this time the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was remeasured at $5.8 million, determined using a hybrid method of the Option Pricing Model with a 67%
weighted value per share and the PWERM with a 33% weighted value per share. The following assumptions were used in the Option Pricing Model: risk-free interest rate of 0.73%, expected life of 2.0 years and expected volatility of 52.0%. The PWERM
method included probabilities of three IPO scenarios occurring in July 2016. The scenarios were weighted based on the Company&#146;s estimate of each event occurring in deriving the estimated fair value. Upon the closing of the Series C Second
Tranche, the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was terminated and the balance of the liability of $5.8 million was reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">113 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded a charge of $4.2
million, $626,000 and $897,000, respectively, for the change in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock liability in the consolidated statements of operations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>11. Common Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company had
reserved shares of common stock for issuance, on an as-converted basis, as follows: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,323,103</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options issued and outstanding</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,393,829</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">833,178</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options available for future grants</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">164,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">147,219</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">275,861</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,558,157</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,579,361</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>12. Equity Plans </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Equity Incentive Plan </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In May 2007,
the Company established its 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the &#147;2007 Plan&#148;) which provides for the granting of stock options to employees and consultants of the Company. Options granted under the 2007 Plan may be either incentive
stock options (ISOs) or nonqualified stock options (NSOs). ISOs may be granted only to Company employees (including officers and directors who are also employees). NSOs may be granted to Company employees and consultants. Options under the 2007 Plan
have a term of ten years and generally vest over a four-year period with one-year cliff vesting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In July 2016, the Company&#146;s board
of directors and stockholders approved the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#147;2016 Plan&#148;) to replace the 2007 Stock Option Plan and became effective upon the IPO. The 2016 Plan is administered by the Board of Directors or a committee
appointed by the Board of Directors, which determines the types of awards to be granted, including the number of shares subject to the awards, the exercise price and the vesting schedule. Under the 2016 Plan, 1,200,000 shares of the Company&#146;s
common stock have been initially reserved for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock units and other awards to employees, directors and consultants. Options granted under the 2016 Plan expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant.
The exercise price of each option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant. Options may be granted to stockholders possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of
stocks of the Company at an exercise price at least 110% of the fair value of the common stock at the date of grant and the options are not exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date of grant. Employee stock options generally vest
25% upon one year of continued service to the Company, with the remainder in monthly increments over three additional years. Upon adoption of the 2016 Plan, no additional stock awards will be issued under the 2007 Stock Option Plan. Options granted
under the 2007 Stock Option Plan that were outstanding on the date the 2016 plan became effective remain subject to the terms of the 2007 Stock Option Plan. The number of options available for grant under the 2007 Plan was ceased and the number was
added to the common stock reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, the Company has reserved 1,200,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2016 Plan. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">114 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Stock Options </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Activity under the Company&#146;s equity incentive plans is set forth below: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Options Outstanding</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Options<BR>Available&nbsp;for<BR>Grant</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Options<BR>Outstanding</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Weighted-</B><br><B>Average<BR>Exercise<BR>Price Per<BR>Share</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Weighted-</B><br><B>Average<BR>Remaining<BR>Contractual<BR>Life (years)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Aggregate<BR>Intrinsic<BR>Value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>(in&nbsp;thousands)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Balances at December&nbsp;31, 2013</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">70,082</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">284,879</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.10</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7.92</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional options authorized</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">240,425</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options granted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(199,519</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">199,519</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.83</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options exercised</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2,548</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options forfeited</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,844</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5,844</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Balances at December&nbsp;31, 2014</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">116,832</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">476,006</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8.04</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional options authorized</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">431,411</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options granted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(408,623</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">408,623</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.24</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options exercised</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(43,852</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options forfeited</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,599</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,599</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Balances at December&nbsp;31, 2015</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">147,219</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">833,178</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.33</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8.56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional options authorized</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,697,088</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options granted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,679,979</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,679,979</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14.24</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options exercised</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(119,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.28</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Balances at December&nbsp;31, 2016</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">164,328</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,393,829</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10.39</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8.79</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">27,820</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options exercisable &#150; December&nbsp;31, 2016</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">492,714</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5.19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7.70</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,286</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options vested and expected to vest &#150; December&nbsp;31, 2016</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,369,135</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10.37</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8.79</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">27,596</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding, exercisable, vested and expected to vest were
calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the Company&#146;s common stock on December&nbsp;31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $169,000 for the year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was immaterial for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">During the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the estimated weighted-average grant-date fair value of common stock underlying
options granted was $8.20, $0.69, and $0.82 per share, respectively. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Employee Stock Options Valuation </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The fair value of employee and director stock option awards was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
the following assumptions: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="59%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected term (in years)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4.16&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;5.95</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5.89</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6.08</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected volatility</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">62.5&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;64.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">59.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">64.7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Risk-free interest rate</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.27&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;1.79</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.57&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;1.58</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.89</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dividend yield</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prior to the completion of the Company&#146;s IPO, the fair value of the Company&#146;s shares of common stock
underlying its stock options had historically been determined by the Company&#146;s Board of Directors. Because </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">115 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
there had been no public market for the Company&#146;s common stock prior to August 2016, the Company&#146;s Board of Directors had determined fair value of the common stock at the time of grant
of the option by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including important developments in the Company&#146;s operations, valuations performed by an independent third party, sales of redeemable convertible preferred stock, actual
operating results and financial performance, the conditions in the biotechnology industry and the economy in general, the stock price performance and volatility of comparable public companies, and the lack of liquidity of the Company&#146;s common
stock, among other factors. For stock options granted after the completion of the IPO, the Company&#146;s Board of Directors determined the fair value of each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of the Company&#146;s common
stock as reported on the date of grant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In determining the fair value of the options granted, the Company uses the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Expected Term</I>&#151;The Company&#146;s expected term represents the period that the Company&#146;s options granted are expected to be
outstanding and is determined using the simplified method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term). The Company has very limited historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future
exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior for its stock option grants. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Expected Volatility</I>&#151;Since the
Company does not have a long trading history for its common stock, the expected volatility is estimated based on the average volatility for comparable publicly traded biopharmaceutical companies over a period equal to the expected term of the stock
option grants. The comparable companies were chosen based on their similar size, stage in the life cycle or area of specialty. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Risk-Free Interest Rate</I>&#151;The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues in effect at the time of grant
for periods corresponding with the expected term of option. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Expected Dividend</I>&#151;The Company has never paid dividends on its
common stock and has no plans to pay dividends on its common stock. Therefore, the Company used an expected dividend yield of zero. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Stock Options
Granted to Non-employees </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based compensation related to stock options granted to non-employees is recognized as the stock
options are earned. The fair value of the stock options granted was calculated at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="58%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year Ended December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected term (in years)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6.59&nbsp;&#150;9.97</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9.4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected volatility</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">62.5&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;62.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">59.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">64.7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Risk-free interest rate</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.29&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;1.79</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.95</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2.34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dividend yield</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">During the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the Company granted 59,647, 4,816, and 11,805
shares, respectively, to non-employee consultants. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense during the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 of $505,000, $15,000, and $5,000, respectively. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Employee Stock Purchase Plan </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In
July 2016, the Company&#146;s board of directors and stockholders approved the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#147;2016 ESPP&#148;), which became effective upon the IPO. The 2016 ESPP is intended to qualify
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">116 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
as an employee stock purchase plan under Section&nbsp;423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and is administered by the Company&#146;s board of directors and the Compensation
Committee of the board of directors. Under the 2016 ESPP, 150,000 shares of the Company&#146;s common stock have been initially reserved for employee purchases of the Company&#146;s common stock, with an automatic annual increase to the shares
issuable under the 2016 ESPP on the first day of each fiscal year for a period of up to 10 years in an amount equal to (i)&nbsp;the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December&nbsp;31 of the preceding fiscal
year and 300,000 shares of the Company&#146;s common stock, or (ii)&nbsp;a lower number determined by the Board of Directors. The 2016 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company&#146;s common stock at a discount through payroll
deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. At the end of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company&#146;s common stock at the beginning of the offering period
or at the end of each applicable purchase period. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The fair value of the rights granted under the 2016 ESPP was calculated using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="74%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="21%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Year Ended</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,&nbsp;2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected term (in years)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.60</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected volatility</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">52.48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Risk-free interest rate</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.45</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dividend yield</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Stock-Based Compensation </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for both employees and non-employees for stock options and the 2016 ESPP was as follows (in
thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="69%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,080</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">39</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,050</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">60</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">25</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total stock-based compensation expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,130</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">99</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2016 there was $12.6 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation costs
related to stock options that the Company expects to recognize over a period of approximately 3.12 years. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>13. 401(k) Plan </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2012, the Company adopted a retirement and savings plan under Section of 401(k) of Internal Revenue Code (the 401(k) Plan) covering
all employees. The 401(k) Plan allows employees to make pre- and post-tax contributions up to the maximum allowable amount set by the IRS. The Company does not make matching contributions to the 401(k) plan on behalf of participants. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>14. Income Taxes </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No provision for income
taxes was recorded for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Company has incurred net operating losses for all the periods presented. The Company has not reflected any benefit of such net operating loss carryforwards in the
consolidated financial statements. The Company has established a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">117 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table presents domestic and foreign components of net loss for the periods
presented (in thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="57%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014 </B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Domestic</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(34,977</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(10,483</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(9,515</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Foreign</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2,200</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,375</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,557</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The effective tax rate of the provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="69%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Federal statutory income tax rate</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">State taxes, net of federal benefit</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6.5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2.7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4.1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Warrant revaluation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4.3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5.5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Foreign tax rate difference</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1.6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(6.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Change in valuation allowance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(36.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(19.9</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(26.5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Provision for income taxes</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">0.0</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="72%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Deferred tax assets:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net operating loss carryforwards</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,501</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,513</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Depreciation and amortization</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">419</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accruals/other</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">908</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">293</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development credits&nbsp;&amp; foreign credits</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,143</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">285</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total deferred tax assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23,971</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,571</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Valuation allowance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,971</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(10,571</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net deferred tax assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income, if any, the amount and timing
of which are uncertain. The Company has established a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015 due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from its net operating loss carryforwards and other
deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $13.4 million, $3.0 million and $2.9 million during the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in the valuation allowance is mainly related
to the increase in net operating loss carryforwards incurred during the respective taxable years. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At December&nbsp;31, 2016, the Company
had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $48.0 million which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2033 and net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of
approximately $37.7 million which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2033. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At December&nbsp;31, 2016 the
Company also had accumulated Australian tax losses of $9.2 million available for carry forward against future earnings which, under relevant tax laws, do not expire but may not be available under certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2016, the
Company also had $1.1 million of federal and $0.6 </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">118 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
million of state research and development tax credit carryforwards available to reduce future income taxes. The federal research and development tax credits will begin to expire in 2035, if not
utilized. The state research and development tax credits have no expiration date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Federal and state laws impose substantial restrictions
on the utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in the event of an ownership change for tax purposes, as defined in Section&nbsp;382 of the Internal Revenue Code. As a result of such ownership changes, the Company&#146;s
ability to realize the potential future benefit of tax losses and tax credits that existed at the time of the ownership change may be significantly reduced. The Company&#146;s deferred tax asset and related valuation allowance would be reduced as a
result. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">It is the Company&#146;s policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other
expense, as necessary. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="66%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
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<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Balance at beginning of year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">805</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additions based on tax positions related to in prior years</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">707</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">690</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additions based on tax positions related to current year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">619</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">115</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Balance at end of year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,131</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">805</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company does not expect that its uncertain tax positions will materially change in the next twelve months.
The reversal of the uncertain tax benefits would not impact the Company&#146;s effective tax rate as the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction, the State of California and Australia. The Company is not
currently under examination by income tax authorities in federal, state or other jurisdictions. The Company&#146;s tax returns for 2012 through 2016 remain open for examination due to the carryover of unused net operating losses and tax credits.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>15. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As the Company had net losses for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, all potential common shares were determined to be
anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Numerator:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,177</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,072</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(558</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(75</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(146</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(37,735</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(14,933</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,218</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Denominator:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per common share, basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,501,796</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">251,717</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">227,197</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5.80</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(59.32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(49.38</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">119 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="12"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from diluted net
loss per share calculations for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="12"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2015</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2014</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,323,103</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,899,134</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Options to purchase common stock</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,393,829</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">833,178</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">476,006</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">275,861</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">275,861</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,393,829</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,432,142</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,651,001</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>16. Subsequent Events </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In March 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a new office and laboratory space in Newark, California to relocate its
operations to a larger facility. The lease commencement date is July&nbsp;1, 2017 and the lease expires on June&nbsp;30, 2024. The Company aggregate minimum lease payments totaling $13.4 million under the lease agreement and will provide the
landlord with a letter of credit as the security deposit of $450,000. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><A NAME="tx310331_29"></A>17. Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table presents the selected quarterly financial data for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="62%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Consolidated Statements of Operations</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Quarter Ended</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>March 31</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>June 30</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>September&nbsp;30</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center"><B>(In thousands, except per share amounts)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2016</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,040</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,091</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,138</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,397</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,747</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,098</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7,084</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11,248</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(40.96</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(19.07</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.87</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.67</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2015</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2,689</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3,083</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(4,021</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5,001</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2,697</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3,219</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3,449</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(5,493</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(11.75</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(13.78</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(12.79</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(20.31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">120 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_12"></A>Item&nbsp;9.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_13"></A>Item&nbsp;9A.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Controls and Procedures </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December&nbsp;31, 2016. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 to provide reasonable assurance because of the material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial
reporting as described below. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Exemption from management&#146;s report on internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016 </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of management&#146;s assessment regarding internal
control over financial reporting on an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for newly public companies. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Material Weaknesses </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with
the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A
material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be
prevented or detected on a timely basis. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The first material weakness related to a deficiency in the operation of our internal controls
over the accounting for non-routine, complex equity transactions, which resulted in material post-closing adjustments to the convertible preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, interest expense, and gain from modification of the redeemable
convertible preferred stock balances in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2013. Our lack of adequate accounting personnel has resulted in the identification of a second material weakness in our internal
control over financial reporting for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2015 and 2014. Specifically, we did not, and have not historically, appropriately design and implement controls over the review and approval of manual journal entries and the
related supporting journal entry calculations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Remediation Plans</I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">While we intend to implement a plan to remediate the material weaknesses, we have not completed the implementation of this plan as of
December&nbsp;31, 2016. Accordingly, we continue to have the material weaknesses as of December&nbsp;31, 2016. We can give no assurance that our current and planned implementation will remediate this deficiency in internal control or that additional
material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Our plan to remediate the material weaknesses includes implementing a new accounting software system, adding
additional accounting personnel and performing a review of manual journal entries. We identified and began implementation of an accounting system to improve our information systems related controls, which went into production in early 2017. We have
recruited and intend to continue to recruit additional finance and accounting personnel as needed to enhance segregation of duties, we will continue to utilize consultants with technical accounting expertise as needed, and we will establish formal
written policies for our accounting function. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">121 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Changes in internal control over financial reporting </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_14"></A>Item&nbsp;9B.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Other Information </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On March&nbsp;6, 2017, we entered into a Lease (the &#147;<B><I>Lease</I></B>&#148;) with BMR-Pacific Research Center LP of approximately
42,877 rentable square feet of office and laboratory space located at 7707 Gateway Boulevard, Newark, California (the &#147;<B><I>Facility</I></B>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The term of the Lease commences when we commence business operations in the Facility, but in no event earlier than June 1, 2017 or later than
July 1, 2017. Upon commencement of the Lease, the Lease has a term of seven years. The monthly base rent starts at $3.40 per square foot in the first year of the Lease, increases to $3.60 per square foot in the second year of the Lease, and
escalates by 3.0% annually each year thereafter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The foregoing description of the Lease does not purport to be complete and is qualified
in its entirety by reference to the Lease, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.9 to this annual report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">122 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART III </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_15"></A>Item&nbsp;10.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Directors, Executive Officers, Corporate Governance </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Except as set forth below, the
information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and
employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website at http://www.protagonist-inc.com/. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item&nbsp;5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of
this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our website, at the address and location specified above and, to the extent required by the listing standards of The NASDAQ Global Market, by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K
with the SEC, disclosing such information. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_16"></A>Item&nbsp;11.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Executive Compensation </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The information required by this item is incorporated by
reference from our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_17"></A>Item&nbsp;12.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC in connection
with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_18"></A>Item&nbsp;13.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_19"></A>Item&nbsp;14.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Principal Accountant Fees and Services </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The information required by this item is
incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">123 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART IV </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="toc310331_20"></A>Item&nbsp;15.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The following documents are filed as part of this report: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(1)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">FINANCIAL STATEMENTS </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
are included in Part II, Item&nbsp;8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(2)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Financial statement schedules have been omitted in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K because they are not applicable, not required under the instructions, or the information requested is set forth in the financial statements or related notes thereto. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(3)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">EXHIBITS </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of, or
incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">124 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc310331_21"></A>SIGNATURES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
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<TD VALIGN="top">Date:&nbsp;March 7, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">President, Chief Executive Officer and Director</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><I>(Principal Executive Officer&nbsp;PEO)</I></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Dinesh V. Patel and Thomas P.
O&#146;Neil, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto
and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or any of them or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons
on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:33.30pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Signature</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:15.95pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Title</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:16.00pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Date</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">President,&nbsp;Chief&nbsp;Executive&nbsp;Officer&nbsp;and&nbsp;Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;7,&nbsp;2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><I>(Principal Executive Officer PEO)</I></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Thomas P. O&#146;Neil</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Chief Financial Officer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;7, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Thomas P. O&#146;Neil</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><I>(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer PFO and AO)</I></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Harold E. Selick, Ph.D</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Chairman of the Board of Directors</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;7, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Harold E. Selick, Ph.D</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Chaitan Khosla, Ph.D.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March 7, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Chaitan Khosla, Ph.D.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Julie Papanek</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March 7, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Julie Papanek</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Armen Shanafelt, Ph.D.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March 7, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Armen Shanafelt, Ph.D.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ William D. Waddill</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">March 7, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">William D. Waddill</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">125 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>EXHIBIT INDEX </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;Description</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="16" ALIGN="center"><B>Incorporation By Reference</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Form</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>SEC&nbsp;File&nbsp;No.</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Exhibit</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Filing&nbsp;Date</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Filed<BR>Herewith</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">8-K</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">001-3785237852</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">3.1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/16/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Amended and Restated Bylaws</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">3.2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Specimen stock certificate evidencing the shares of common stock</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">4.1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, by and among Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. and the stockholders named therein, dated July&nbsp;10, 2015.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">4.2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.1+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, and form of option agreement, exercise notice, joinder, and adoption agreement thereunder.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.2+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of stock option grant notice, option agreement, notice of exercise, restricted stock unit grant notice and restricted stock unit agreement thereunder.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.3+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.4+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Indemnity Agreement for Directors and Officers.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Lease, dated September 30, 2013, by and between the Registrant and Berrueta Family Partnership.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">First Amendment to Lease, dated March 24, 2014, by and between the Registrant and Berrueta Family Partnership.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.7</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Second Amendment to Lease, dated May&nbsp;4 2015, by and between the Registrant and Berrueta Family&nbsp;L.P.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Third Amendment to Lease, dated August 11, 2015, by and between the Registrant and Berrueta Family L.P.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Lease, dated March&nbsp;6, 2017, by and between the Registrant and BMR-Pacific Research Center LP.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">126 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


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<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;Description</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="16" ALIGN="center"><B>Incorporation By Reference</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Form</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>SEC&nbsp;File&nbsp;No.</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Exhibit</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Filing&nbsp;Date</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Filed<BR>Herewith</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.10+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Severance Agreement, dated August&nbsp;1, 2016, by and between the Registrant and Dinesh Patel.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.9</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.11+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Severance Agreement, dated August&nbsp;1, 2016, by and between the Registrant and David Y. Liu, Ph.D.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.10</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.12+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Severance Agreement, dated August&nbsp;1, 2016, by and between the Registrant and William Hodder.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.11</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.13+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Severance Agreement, dated August&nbsp;1, 2016, by and between the Registrant and Tom O&#146;Neil.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.12</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.14+</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Severance Agreement, dated August&nbsp;1, 2016, by and between the Registrant and Richard Shames, M.D.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1/A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">08/01/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.15&#134;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Research and Collaboration Agreement, dated June 16, 2012, by and among the Registrant, Protagonist Pty. Ltd. and Zealand Pharma A/S.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.16&#134;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Contract Extension Letter of Agreement, dated June 1, 2013, by and among the Registrant, Protagonist Pty. Ltd. and Zealand Pharma A/S.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.18</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.17&#134;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Agreement on Addition of Additional Collaboration Program, dated September 16, 2013, by and among the Registrant, Protagonist Pty. Ltd. and Zealand Pharma A/S.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.18&#134;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Protagonist Assumption of Responsibility, dated January 28, 2014, by and between the Registrant and Zealand Pharma A/S.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.20</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.19&#134;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Agreement to Assign Patent Applications, dated February 7, 2014, by and between the Registrant, Protagonist Pty. Ltd. and Zealand Pharma A/S.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.21</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.20&#134;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Abandonment Agreement, dated February 28, 2014, by and among the Registrant, Protagonist Pty. Ltd. and Zealand Pharma A/S.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.22</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;10.21</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Letter Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2013, by and between the Registrant and Johnson &amp; Johnson Development Corporation, as amended.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">S-1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">333-212476</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">10.23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">07/11/2016</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">127 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

<h5 align="left"><a href="#INDEX">Index to Financial Statements</a></h5>


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<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;Description</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="16" ALIGN="center"><B>Incorporation By Reference</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Form</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>SEC&nbsp;File&nbsp;No.</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Exhibit</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Filing&nbsp;Date</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Filed<BR>Herewith</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;21.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">List of Subsidiaries</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;23.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;24.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Power of Attorney (included in signature page of this Form 10-K)</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;31.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;31.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;32.1<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">*</SUP></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. &#167;1350), as adopted pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>101.INS</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">XBRL Instance Document</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>101.SCH</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>101.CAL</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>101.DEF</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>101.LAB</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>101.PRE</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
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<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right">X</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">+</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or agreement. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#134;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Confidential treatment has been granted for a portion of this exhibit. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">*</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">This certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of
Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in
such filing. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">128 </P>

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<TITLE>EX-10.9</TITLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 10.9 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">LEASE </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">by and between </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-PACIFIC</FONT> RESEARCH CENTER LP, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">a Delaware limited partnership </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS,
INC., </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">a Delaware corporation </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Table of Contents </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Lease of Premises</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Basic Lease Provisions</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Term</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Possession and Commencement Date.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Condition of Premises</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Rentable Area</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Rent</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7</TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Rent Adjustments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating Expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Taxes on Tenant&#146;s Property</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Security Deposit</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Use</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Rules and Regulations, CC&amp;Rs, Parking Facilities and Common Area</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Project Control by Landlord</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">15.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Quiet Enjoyment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Utilities and Services</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Alterations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">26</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Repairs and Maintenance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">29</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Liens</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">20.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Estoppel Certificate</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Hazardous Materials</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Odors and Exhaust</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Insurance; Waiver of Subrogation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">35</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Damage or Destruction</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">38</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Eminent Domain</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">26.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Surrender</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Holding Over</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indemnification and Exculpation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">43</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Assignment or Subletting</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">44</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">30.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subordination and Attornment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Defaults and Remedies</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">49</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">i </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">



<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="95%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">32.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bankruptcy</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">33.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brokers</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">55</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">34.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Definition of Landlord</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">55</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">35.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Limitation of Landlord&#146;s Liability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">36.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Joint and Several Obligations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">37.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Representations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">38.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Confidentiality</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">39.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notices</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Miscellaneous</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">58</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ii </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>LEASE </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">THIS LEASE (this &#147;<U>Lease</U>&#148;) is entered into as of this 6th day of March, 2017 (the &#147;<U>Execution Date</U>&#148;), by and
between <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-PACIFIC</FONT> RESEARCH CENTER LP, a Delaware limited partnership (&#147;<U>Landlord</U>&#148;), and PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (&#147;<U>Tenant</U>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>RECITALS </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WHEREAS, Landlord owns certain real property (the &#147;<U>Property</U>&#148;) and the improvements on the Property
located at 7333-7999 Gateway Boulevard, Newark, California, including the buildings located thereon; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WHEREAS, Landlord wishes to lease to Tenant, and Tenant desires to lease from Landlord, certain premises as shown on
<U>Exhibit A</U> attached hereto (the &#147;<U>Premises</U>&#148;) located on the first (1<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">st</SUP>) and second (2<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP>) floors of the building addressed
at 7707 Gateway Boulevard, Newark, California (the &#147;<U>Building</U>&#148;), pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Lease, as detailed below. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>AGREEMENT </U></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">NOW,
THEREFORE, Landlord and Tenant, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, agree as
follows: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Lease of Premises</U> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effective on the Term Commencement Date (as defined below), Landlord hereby leases to Tenant, and Tenant hereby
leases from Landlord, the Premises, including exclusive shafts, cable runs and mechanical spaces, for use by Tenant in accordance with the Permitted Use (as defined below) and no other uses. The Property and all landscaping, parking facilities,
private drives and other improvements and appurtenances related thereto, including the Building, the Amenities Building (as defined below), the nine (9)&nbsp;other buildings currently located on the Property and each additional building that is
constructed on the Property (following substantial completion of such building), are hereinafter collectively referred to as the &#147;<U>Project</U>.&#148; All portions of the Building that are for the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive</FONT> use of the tenants of the Building only, and not the tenants of the Project generally, such as service corridors, stairways, elevators, public restrooms and public lobbies (all to the extent
located in the Building), are hereinafter referred to as &#147;<U>Building Common Area</U>.&#148; All portions of the Project that are for the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive</FONT> use of tenants of the Project generally, including
driveways, sidewalks, parking areas, landscaped areas, and (to the extent not located in a building other than the Amenities Building) service corridors, stairways, elevators, public restrooms, public lobbies and the amenities building (the
&#147;<U>Amenities Building</U>&#148;) in which Landlord currently provides certain amenities, including food services, a fitness center and a conference center (&#147;<U>Amenities Building Services</U>&#148;) (but excluding Building Common Area),
are hereinafter referred to as &#147;<U>Project Common Area</U>.&#148; The Building Common Area and Project Common Area are collectively referred to herein as &#147;<U>Common Area</U>.&#148; The Building is located on a portion of the Project
commonly referred to as the &#147;North Campus,&#148; </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
which is that part of the Project to the north of Gateway Boulevard comprised of the Building and five (5)&nbsp;other buildings commonly referred to as Buildings 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, together with
all appurtenances thereto (collectively, the &#147;<U>North Campus</U>&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Basic Lease Provisions</U>. For convenience
of the parties, certain basic provisions of this Lease are set forth herein. The provisions set forth herein are subject to the remaining terms and conditions of this Lease and are to be interpreted in light of such remaining terms and conditions.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Lease shall take effect upon the Execution Date and, except as specifically otherwise provided within
this Lease, each of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of Landlord and Tenant from the date of execution and delivery hereof by all parties hereto. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the definitions below, each current Rentable Area (as defined below) is expressed in square feet. Rentable Area
and &#147;<U>Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Shares</U>&#148; are all subject to adjustment as provided in this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="62%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="38%"></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:78.10pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Definition or Provision</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Means&nbsp;the&nbsp;Following</B><br><B>(As&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Term&nbsp;Commencement&nbsp;Date)</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Approximate Rentable Area of Premises</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">42,877 square feet</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Approximate Rentable Area of Building</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">148,848 square feet</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Approximate Rentable Area of North Campus</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">966,271 square feet</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Approximate Rentable Area of Project</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">1,389,517 square feet</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of Building</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">28.81%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of North Campus</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">4.44%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP>Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of Project</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">3.09%</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial monthly installments of Base Rent for the
Premises (&#147;<U>Base Rent</U>&#148;) as of the Term Commencement Date, subject to adjustment under this Lease:<B> </B> </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="84%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="51%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:19.10pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Dates</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Square&nbsp;Feet&nbsp;of<BR>Rentable Area</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Base&nbsp;Rent&nbsp;per&nbsp;Square<BR>Foot&nbsp;of&nbsp;Rentable&nbsp;Area</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Monthly&nbsp;Base&nbsp;Rent</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Month 1 &#150; Month 6</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21,291</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">*&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">$3.40&nbsp;monthly</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">72,389.40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Month 7 &#150; Month 12</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31,291</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">*&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">$3.40&nbsp;monthly</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">106,389.40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Month 13 &#150; Month 24</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42,877</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">$3.60&nbsp;monthly</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">154,357.20</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">*<I></I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><I>Base Rent for months one (1)</I><I></I><I>&nbsp;through (6) of the Term will be calculated based upon 21,291 square feet of Rentable Area and Base Rent for months seven (7)</I><I></I><I>&nbsp;through twelve
(12)</I><I></I><I>&nbsp;of the Term will be calculated based upon 31,291 square feet of Rentable Area; </I><I><U>provided</U></I><I>, however, that Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Shares shall, at all times, be calculated based on the total Rentable Area of
the Premises. </I><B></B> </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">2 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Estimated Term Commencement Date: July&nbsp;1, 2017 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Estimated Term Expiration Date: June&nbsp;30, 2024 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Security Deposit: $450,000 (subject to <U>Section&nbsp;11.7</U> below) </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Permitted Use: Office, R&amp;D, laboratory and vivarium use in conformity with all federal, state, municipal and
local laws, codes, ordinances, rules and regulations of Governmental Authorities (as defined below), committees, associations, or other regulatory committees, agencies or governing bodies having jurisdiction over the Premises, the Building, the
Property, the Project, Landlord or Tenant, including both statutory and common law and hazardous waste rules and regulations (&#147;<U>Applicable Laws</U>&#148;) </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Address for Rent Payment: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-Pacific</FONT> Research Center LP </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention Entity 285 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">P.O. Box
511415 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Los Angeles, California 90051-7970 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Address for Notices to Landlord: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-Pacific</FONT> Research Center LP </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17190 Bernardo Center Drive </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">San Diego, California 92128 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attn: Legal Department </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Address for Notices to Tenant: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7707 Gateway Boulevard, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Newark, California </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attn: Tom
O&#146;Neil, Chief Financial Officer </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Address for Invoices to Tenant: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7707 Gateway Boulevard, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Newark, California </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:21%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attn: Tom
O&#146;Neil, Chief Financial Officer </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">3 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The following Exhibits are attached hereto and incorporated herein
by reference: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="84%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="11%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit A</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Premises</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit B</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Work Letter</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">B-1</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tenant Work Insurance Schedule</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit C</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Acknowledgement of Term Commencement Date and Term Expiration Date</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit D</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">FF&amp;E</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit E</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Form of Letter of Credit</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit F</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Rules and Regulations</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit G</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approved Vendor List</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit H</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tenant&#146;s Personal Property</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit I</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Form of Estoppel Certificate</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Exhibit J</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Landlord Work Area</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Term</U>. The actual term of this Lease (as the same may be earlier terminated in accordance with
this Lease, the &#147;<U>Term</U>&#148;) shall commence on the actual Term Commencement Date (as defined in <U>Article 4</U>) and end on the date (the &#147;<U>Term Expiration Date</U>&#148;) that is eighty-four (84)&nbsp;months after the actual
Term Commencement Date, subject to earlier termination of this Lease as provided herein. TENANT HEREBY WAIVES THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 1933 OF THE CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Possession and Commencement Date</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The &#147;<U>Term Commencement Date</U>&#148; shall be the earlier of (a)&nbsp;the Estimated Term Commencement Date
and (b)&nbsp;the later of (i)&nbsp;June&nbsp;1, 2017 and (ii)&nbsp;the day Tenant commences business operations in the Premises. Tenant shall execute and deliver to Landlord written acknowledgment of the actual Term Commencement Date and the Term
Expiration Date within ten (10)&nbsp;days after Tenant takes occupancy of the Premises, in the form attached as <U>Exhibit C</U> hereto. Failure to execute and deliver such acknowledgment, however, shall not affect the Term Commencement Date or
Landlord&#146;s or Tenant&#146;s liability hereunder. Failure by Tenant to obtain validation by any medical review board or other similar governmental licensing of the Premises required for the Permitted Use by Tenant shall not serve to extend the
Term Commencement Date. The term &#147;<U>Substantially Complete</U>&#148; or &#147;<U>Substantial Completion</U>&#148; means that the Tenant Improvements (as defined below) are substantially complete in accordance with the Approved Plans (as
defined in the Work Letter), except for minor punch list items. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall cause the work (the
&#147;<U>Tenant Improvements</U>&#148;) described in the Work Letter attached hereto as <U>Exhibit B</U> (the &#147;<U>Work Letter</U>&#148;) to be constructed in the Premises pursuant to the Work Letter at a cost to Landlord not to exceed Four
Hundred Sixty-Nine Thousand Three Hundred Sixty-Five Dollars ($469,365) (the &#147;<U>TI Allowance</U>&#148;). The TI Allowance may be applied to the costs of (m)&nbsp;construction, (n) project review by Landlord (which fee shall equal three percent
(3%) of the cost of the Tenant Improvements, including the TI Allowance), (o) commissioning of mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems by a licensed, qualified commissioning agent hired by Tenant, and review of such party&#146;s commissioning
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">4 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
report by a licensed, qualified commissioning agent hired by Landlord, (p)&nbsp;space planning, architect, engineering and other related services performed by third parties unaffiliated with
Tenant, (q)&nbsp;building permits and other taxes, fees, charges and levies by Governmental Authorities (as defined below) for permits or for inspections of the Tenant Improvements, and (r)&nbsp;costs and expenses for labor, material, equipment and
fixtures. In no event shall the TI Allowance be used for (v)&nbsp;the cost of work that is not authorized by the Approved Plans (as defined in the Work Letter) or otherwise approved in writing by Landlord, (w)&nbsp;payments to Tenant or any
affiliates of Tenant, (x)&nbsp;the purchase of any furniture, personal property or other <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-building</FONT> system equipment, (y)&nbsp;costs resulting from any default by Tenant of its obligations under this Lease
or (z)&nbsp;costs that are recoverable by Tenant from a third party (e.g., insurers, warrantors, or tortfeasors). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall have until December&nbsp;31, 2018 to expend the unused portion of the TI Allowance, after which date
Landlord&#146;s obligation to fund such costs shall expire. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In no event shall any unused TI Allowance entitle
Tenant to a credit against Rent payable under this Lease. Tenant shall deliver to Landlord (a)&nbsp;a certificate of occupancy (or its substantial equivalent) for the Premises suitable for the Permitted Use (if required by Applicable Law for legal
occupancy of the Premises) and (b)&nbsp;a Certificate of Substantial Completion in the form of the American Institute of Architects document G704, executed by the project architect and the general contractor. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall have exclusive access to the Premises (subject to the terms, conditions and provisions of
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;4.6</U> below) from and after the Execution Date for purposes of (a)&nbsp;constructing the Tenant Improvements (in accordance with all of the terms, conditions and provisions of this Lease and the Work Letter), (b) the
placement of Tenant&#146;s furniture, fixtures, equipment and personal property, and (c)&nbsp;commencing business operations in the Premises; <U>provided</U>, however, that, prior to entering upon the Premises, Tenant shall furnish to Landlord
evidence satisfactory to Landlord that insurance coverages required of Tenant under the provisions of <U>Article 23</U> are in effect, and such entry shall be subject to all the terms and conditions of this Lease other than the payment of Base Rent,
the Property Management Fee (as defined below) or Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses (as defined below) (except that, in the event that Tenant uses the Premises for the purposes set forth in <U>Subsection (c)</U>&nbsp;above prior to
the Term Commencement Date, Tenant shall be obligated to pay the Property Management Fee and Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses from and after the date that Tenant first commences business operations in the Premises). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Lease, Tenant acknowledges that, as of the Execution Date,
Landlord is in the process of constructing certain work on the slab, vapor barrier and flooring in the portion of the first (1<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">st</SUP>) floor of the Premises outlined on <U>Exhibit J</U> attached hereto
(such work, the &#147;<U>Landlord Work</U>&#148;). From and after the Execution Date, Tenant shall permit Landlord to enter the Premises at all times (including during business hours) to construct the Landlord Work, and Tenant shall (at no cost to
Tenant) otherwise reasonably cooperate with Landlord throughout the construction process to enable Landlord to complete the Landlord Work in a timely and efficient manner. In constructing the Landlord Work, Landlord shall reasonably cooperate with
Tenant so as to cause as little interference to Tenant as is </P>
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reasonably possible; <U>provided</U>, however, that in no event shall Landlord&#146;s construction of the Landlord Work in the Premises (a)&nbsp;cause Rent (as defined below) to abate under this
Lease, (b)&nbsp;give rise to any claim by Tenant for damages or (c)&nbsp;constitute a forcible or unlawful entry, a detainer or an eviction of Tenant. In the event that Landlord fails to complete the Landlord Work on or before the Term Commencement
Date (as defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;4.1</U> above), the Term Commencement Date shall be extended on a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">day-for-day</FONT></FONT> basis until Landlord completes the
Landlord Work (such that the Term Commencement Date shall be the date immediately following the day that Landlord completes the Landlord Work). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord and Tenant shall mutually agree upon the selection of the architect, engineer, general contractor and
major subcontractors, and Landlord and Tenant shall each participate in the review of the competitive bid process; provided that the architects, engineers, general contractors and subcontractors listed on <U>Exhibit G</U> attached hereto are <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-approved</FONT> by Landlord for the initial Tenant Improvements. Landlord may refuse to approve any architects, consultants, contractors, subcontractors or material suppliers that Landlord reasonably believes could
cause labor disharmony or may not have sufficient experience, in Landlord&#146;s reasonable opinion, to perform work in an occupied Class &#147;A&#148; laboratory research building and in lab areas. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay all utility charges, together with any fees, surcharges and taxes thereon for the period beginning
on the date that Tenant first accesses the Premises for any reason after the Execution Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Condition of Premises</U>.
Tenant acknowledges that neither Landlord nor any agent of Landlord has made any representation or warranty with respect to the condition of the Premises, the Building or the Project, or with respect to the suitability of the Premises, the Building
or the Project for the conduct of Tenant&#146;s business. Tenant acknowledges that (a)&nbsp;it is fully familiar with the condition of the Premises and agrees to take the same in its condition &#147;as is&#148; as of the Execution Date and
(b)&nbsp;Landlord shall have no obligation to alter, repair or otherwise prepare the Premises for Tenant&#146;s occupancy or to pay for or construct any improvements to the Premises, except with respect to payment of the TI Allowance. Tenant&#146;s
taking of possession of the Premises shall, except as otherwise agreed to in writing by Landlord and Tenant, conclusively establish that the Premises, the Building and the Project were at such time in good, sanitary and satisfactory condition and
repair. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Rentable Area</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The term &#147;<U>Rentable Area</U>&#148; shall reflect such areas as reasonably calculated by Landlord&#146;s
architect, as the same may be reasonably adjusted from time to time by Landlord in consultation with Landlord&#146;s architect to reflect changes to the Premises, the Building or the Project, as applicable; provided that in no event will the Base
Rent payable pursuant to this Lease change as a result of any remeasurement of the Premises, Building or Project, unless due to a physical change of the same. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Rentable Area of the Building is generally determined by making separate calculations of Rentable Area
applicable to each floor within the Building and totaling the Rentable Area of all floors within the Building. The Rentable Area of a floor is computed by measuring to the outside finished surface of the permanent outer Building walls. The full area
</P>
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calculated as previously set forth is included as Rentable Area, without deduction for columns and projections or vertical penetrations, including stairs, elevator shafts, flues, pipe shafts,
vertical ducts and the like, as well as such items&#146; enclosing walls. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The term &#147;<U>Rentable
Area</U>,&#148; when applied to the Premises, is that area equal to the usable area of the Premises, plus an equitable allocation of Rentable Area within the Building that is not then utilized or expected to be utilized as usable area, including
that portion of the Building devoted to corridors, equipment rooms, restrooms, elevator lobby, atrium and mailroom. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Rentable Area of the Project is the total Rentable Area of all buildings within the Project. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Review of allocations of Rentable Areas as between tenants of the Building and the Project shall be made as
frequently as Landlord deems appropriate, including in order to facilitate an equitable apportionment of Operating Expenses (as defined below). If such review is by a licensed architect and allocations are certified by such licensed architect as
being correct, then Tenant shall be bound by such certifications. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Rent</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay to Landlord as Base Rent for the Premises, commencing on the Term Commencement Date, the sums set
forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.3</U>, subject to the rental adjustments provided in <U>Article 8</U> hereof. Base Rent shall be paid in equal monthly installments as set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.3</U>, subject to the rental
adjustments provided in <U>Article 8</U> hereof, each in advance on the first day of each and every calendar month during the Term. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition to Base Rent, commencing on the Expense Trigger Date (as defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5</U> below), Tenant shall pay to Landlord as additional rent (&#147;<U>Additional Rent</U>&#148;) at times hereinafter specified in this Lease (a)&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share (as defined below) of Operating
Expenses (as defined below), (b) the Property Management Fee (as defined below), (c) [intentionally omitted] and (d)&nbsp;any other amounts that Tenant assumes or agrees to pay under the provisions of this Lease that are owed to Landlord, including
any and all other sums that may become due by reason of any default of Tenant or failure on Tenant&#146;s part to comply with the agreements, terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease to be performed by Tenant, after notice and the lapse of any
applicable cure periods. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base Rent and Additional Rent shall together be denominated &#147;<U>Rent</U>.&#148;
Rent shall be paid to Landlord, without abatement, deduction or offset, in lawful money of the United States of America to the address set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8</U> or to such other person or at such other place as Landlord may
from time designate in writing. In the event the Term commences or ends on a day other than the first day of a calendar month, then the Rent for such fraction of a month shall be prorated for such period on the basis of the number of days in the
month and shall be paid at the then-current rate for such fractional month. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s obligation to pay
Rent shall not be discharged or otherwise affected by (a)&nbsp;any Applicable Laws now or hereafter applicable to the Premises, (b)&nbsp;any other restriction on </P>
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Tenant&#146;s use, (c)&nbsp;except as expressly provided herein, any casualty or taking or (d)&nbsp;any other occurrence; and Tenant waives all rights now or hereafter existing to terminate or
cancel this Lease or quit or surrender the Premises or any part thereof, or to assert any defense in the nature of constructive eviction to any action seeking to recover rent. Tenant&#146;s obligation to pay Rent with respect to any period or
obligations arising, existing or pertaining to the period prior to the date of the expiration or earlier termination of the Term or this Lease shall survive any such expiration or earlier termination; <U>provided</U>, however, that nothing in this
sentence shall in any way affect Tenant&#146;s obligations with respect to any other period. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Rent Adjustments</U>. Base Rent
shall be subject to an annual upward adjustment of three percent (3%) of the then-current Base Rent. The first such adjustment shall become effective commencing on the second (2<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP>) annual
anniversary of the Term Commencement Date, and subsequent adjustments shall become effective on every successive annual anniversary for so long as this Lease continues in effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Operating Expenses</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As used herein, the term &#147;<U>Operating Expenses</U>&#148; shall include: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Government impositions, including property tax costs consisting of real and personal property taxes (including
amounts due under any improvement bond upon the Building or the Project (including the parcel or parcels of real property upon which the Building, the other buildings in the Project and areas serving the Building and the Project are located)) or
assessments in lieu thereof imposed by any federal, state, regional, local or municipal governmental authority, agency or subdivision (each, a &#147;<U>Governmental Authority</U>&#148;); taxes on or measured by gross rentals received from the rental
of space in the Project; taxes based on the square footage of the Premises, the Building or the Project, as well as any parking charges, utilities surcharges or any other costs levied, assessed or imposed by, or at the direction of, or resulting
from Applicable Laws or interpretations thereof, promulgated by any Governmental Authority in connection with the use or occupancy of the Project or the parking facilities serving the Project; taxes on this transaction or any document to which
Tenant is a party creating or transferring an interest in the Premises; any fee for a business license to operate an office building; and any expenses, including the reasonable cost of attorneys or experts, reasonably incurred by Landlord in seeking
reduction by the taxing authority of the applicable taxes, less tax refunds obtained as a result of an application for review thereof; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All other costs of any kind paid or incurred by Landlord in connection with the operation or maintenance of the
Building and the Project (including the Amenities Building, which shall include (i)&nbsp;Project office rent at fair market rental for a commercially reasonable amount of space for Project management personnel located in the Amenities Building, to
the extent an office used for Project operations is maintained at the Project, plus customary expenses for such office, and (ii)&nbsp;fair market rent for the portion of the Amenities Building used in providing the Amenities Building Services), and
costs of repairs and replacements to improvements within the Project as appropriate to maintain the Project as required hereunder, including costs of funding such reasonable reserves as Landlord, consistent with good business practice, may establish
to provide for future repairs and replacements, or as any Lender (as defined below) may require; costs of utilities furnished to the Common Area; </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">8 </P>


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sewer fees; cable television; trash collection; cleaning, including windows (including those of the Amenities Building); heating, ventilation and
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">air-conditioning</FONT> (&#147;<U>HVAC</U>&#148;); maintenance of landscaping and grounds; snow removal; maintenance of drives and parking areas; maintenance of the roof (including that of the Amenities Building);
security services and devices; building supplies; maintenance or replacement of equipment utilized for operation and maintenance of the Project; license, permit and inspection fees; sales, use and excise taxes on goods and services purchased by
Landlord in connection with the operation, maintenance or repair of the Building or Project systems and equipment; telephone, postage, stationery supplies and other expenses incurred in connection with the operation, maintenance or repair of the
Project; accounting, legal and other professional fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Project; costs of furniture, draperies, carpeting, landscaping supplies, snow removal and other customary and ordinary items of personal property
provided by Landlord for use in Common Area or in the Project office; capital expenditures (amortized over the useful life thereof, as reasonably determined by Landlord, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, but in no event
longer than fifteen (15)&nbsp;years) (any such capital expenditures, &#147;<U>Permitted Capital Expenditures</U>&#148;); costs of complying with Applicable Laws (except to the extent such costs are incurred to remedy
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> as of the Execution Date with Applicable Laws); costs to keep the Project in compliance with, or costs or fees otherwise required under or incurred pursuant to any CC&amp;Rs (as defined below),
including condominium fees; insurance premiums, including premiums for commercial general liability, property casualty, earthquake, terrorism and environmental coverages; portions of insured losses paid by Landlord as part of the deductible portion
of a loss pursuant to the terms of insurance policies; service contracts; costs of services of independent contractors retained to do work of a nature referenced above; and costs of compensation (including employment taxes and fringe benefits) of
all persons who perform regular and recurring duties connected with the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">day-to-day</FONT></FONT> operation and maintenance of the Project, its equipment, the adjacent walks,
landscaped areas, drives and parking areas, including janitors, floor waxers, window washers, watchmen, gardeners, sweepers, plow truck drivers, handymen, and engineering/maintenance/facilities personnel. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding the foregoing, Operating Expenses shall not include any net income, franchise, capital stock,
estate or inheritance taxes, or taxes that are the personal obligation of Tenant or of another tenant of the Project; any leasing commissions; expenses that relate to preparation of rental space for a tenant; expenses of initial development and
construction, including grading, paving, landscaping and decorating (as distinguished from maintenance, repair and replacement of the foregoing); legal expenses relating to other tenants; costs of repairs to the extent reimbursed by payment of
insurance proceeds received by Landlord; interest upon loans to Landlord or secured by a loan agreement, mortgage, deed of trust, security instrument or other loan document covering the Project or a portion thereof (collectively, &#147;Loan
Documents&#148;) (<U>provided</U> that interest upon a government assessment or improvement bond payable in installments shall constitute an Operating Expense under <U>Subsection 9.1(a)</U>); salaries of executive officers of Landlord; depreciation
claimed by Landlord for tax purposes (<U>provided</U> that this exclusion of depreciation is not intended to delete from Operating Expenses actual costs of repairs and replacements and reasonable reserves in regard thereto that are provided for in
<U>Subsection 9.1(b)</U>); taxes that are excluded from Operating Expenses by the last sentence of <U>Subsection 9.1(a)</U>; costs or expenses incurred in connection with the financing or sale of the Project or any portion thereof; costs expressly
excluded from </P>
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Operating Expenses elsewhere in this Lease or that are charged to or paid by Tenant under other provisions of this Lease; professional fees and disbursements and other costs and expenses related
to the ownership (as opposed to the use, occupancy, operation, maintenance or repair) of the Project; costs incurred by Landlord due to the violation by Landlord of any law, code, regulation, ordinance or the like that would not have been incurred
but for such violation; costs, including permit, license and inspection costs, incurred with respect to the installation of other tenants&#146; or occupants&#146; improvements made for tenants or other occupants in the Building or incurred in
renovating or otherwise improving, decorating, painting or redecorating space for tenants or other occupants in the Building; expenses in connection with services or other benefits which are not offered to Tenant or for which Tenant is charged for
directly but which are provided to another tenant or occupant of the Building, without charge; electric power costs or other utility costs that any tenant pays directly to the local public service company; costs (including in connection therewith
all attorneys&#146; fees) arising from claims, disputes or potential disputes in connection with potential or actual claims, litigation or arbitrations pertaining to another tenant of the Building; advertising and promotional expenses; charitable or
political contributions; costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of art work (provided that costs to repair and maintain art work may be included in Operating Expenses); costs reimbursed by insurance or by other tenants of the Project;
penalties, fines or interest incurred as a result of Landlord&#146;s inability or failure to make payment of taxes or other obligations of Landlord when due and/or to file any tax or informational returns when due, or from Landlord&#146;s failure to
make any payment of taxes required to be made by Landlord hereunder before delinquency; bad debt loss, rent loss or reserves for bad debt or rental losses; capital expenditures other than Permitted Capital Expenditures; costs incurred to
investigate, remove or remediate any Hazardous Materials (a)&nbsp;at the Project in violation of Applicable Laws as of the Execution Date (unless placed at the Project by a Tenant Party), (b) to the extent brought onto the Project after the
Execution Date by (i)&nbsp;Landlord or any Landlord Parties, or (ii)&nbsp;a tenant at the Project other than Tenant (<U>provided</U>, however, in the event that Landlord is not able to determine which specific tenant brought the Hazardous Materials
onto the Project, this exclusion to Operating Expenses shall not apply, <U>provided</U>, further, that Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to determine which specific tenant, if any, brought the Hazardous Materials onto the Project), or
(c)&nbsp;to the extent reimbursed by payment of insurance proceeds received by Landlord; and any item that, if included in Operating Expenses, would involve a double collection for such item by Landlord. To the extent that Tenant uses more than
Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of any item of Operating Expenses, Tenant shall pay Landlord for such excess in addition to Tenant&#146;s obligation to pay Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of Operating Expenses (such excess, together with Tenant&#146;s Pro
Rata Share, &#147;<U>Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share</U>&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day
of each calendar month of the Term (and any period of occupancy prior to the Term as further described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5</U>), as Additional Rent, (a)&nbsp;the Property Management Fee (as defined below), (b) [intentionally
omitted] and (c)&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s estimate of Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses with respect to the Building and the Project, as applicable, for such month. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(w)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The &#147;<U>Property Management Fee</U>&#148; shall equal three percent (3%) of Base Rent<B> </B>due from Tenant.
Tenant shall pay the Property Management Fee in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.2</U> with respect to the entire Term (and any period of occupancy prior to the Term as </P>
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further described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5</U>), including any extensions thereof or any holdover periods, regardless of whether Tenant is obligated to pay Base Rent, Operating
Expenses or any other Rent with respect to any such period or portion thereof. For the first twelve (12)&nbsp;months of the Term (and any period of occupancy prior to the Term as further described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5</U>), the
Property Management Fee shall be calculated as if Tenant were paying One Hundred Forty-Five Thousand Seven Hundred <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Eighty-One</FONT> and 80/100 Dollars ($145,781.80) per month for Base Rent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Intentionally omitted]. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(y)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within ninety (90)&nbsp;days after the conclusion of each calendar year (or such longer period as may be reasonably
required by Landlord), Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a statement showing in reasonable detail the actual Operating Expenses, Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses, and the cost of providing utilities to the Premises for the previous
calendar year (&#147;<U>Landlord&#146;s Statement</U>&#148;). Any additional sum due from Tenant to Landlord shall be due and payable within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after receipt of an invoice therefor. If the amounts paid by Tenant pursuant to this
Section exceed Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses for the previous calendar year, then Landlord shall credit the difference against the Rent next due and owing from Tenant; <U>provided</U> that, if the Lease term has expired,
Landlord shall accompany Landlord&#146;s Statement with payment for the amount of such difference. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(z)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any amount
due under this Section for any period that is less than a full month shall be prorated for such fractional month on the basis of the number of days in the month. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord may, from time to time, modify Landlord&#146;s calculation and allocation procedures for Operating
Expenses, so long as such modifications produce Dollar results substantially consistent with Landlord&#146;s then-current practice at the Project. Landlord or an affiliate(s) of Landlord currently own other property(ies) adjacent to the Project or
its neighboring properties (collectively, &#147;<U>Neighboring Properties</U>&#148;). In connection with Landlord performing services for the Project pursuant to this Lease, similar services may be performed by the same vendor(s) for Neighboring
Properties. In such a case, Landlord shall reasonably allocate to each Building and the Project the costs for such services based upon the ratio that the square footage of the Building or the Project (as applicable) bears to the total square footage
of all of the Neighboring Properties or buildings within the Neighboring Properties for which the services are performed, unless the scope of the services performed for any building or property (including the Building and the Project) is
disproportionately more or less than for others, in which case Landlord shall equitably allocate the costs based on the scope of the services being performed for each building or property (including the Building and the Project). Since the Project
consists of multiple buildings, certain Operating Expenses may pertain to a particular building(s), certain Operating Expenses may pertain to the North Campus, and other Operating Expenses to the Project as a whole. Landlord reserves the right in
its reasonable discretion to allocate in a reasonable and equitable manner any such costs applicable to any particular building within the Project to such building, any costs applicable to the North Campus to the buildings comprising the North
Campus (including the Building), and other such costs applicable to the Project to each building in the Project (including the Building), with the tenants in each </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">11 </P>


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building being responsible for paying their respective proportionate shares of their buildings to the extent required under their leases. Landlord shall allocate such costs to the buildings
(including the Building) in a reasonable, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-discriminatory</FONT> manner, and such allocation shall be binding on Tenant. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s annual statement shall be final and binding upon Tenant unless Tenant, within forty-five
(45)&nbsp;days after Tenant&#146;s receipt thereof, shall contest any item therein by giving written notice to Landlord, specifying each item contested and the reasons therefor; <U>provided</U> that Tenant shall in all events pay the amount
specified in Landlord&#146;s annual statement, pending the results of the Independent Review and determination of the Accountant(s), as applicable and as each such term is defined below. If, during such thirty
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(30)-day</FONT> period, Tenant reasonably and in good faith questions or contests the correctness of Landlord&#146;s statement of Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses, Landlord shall provide Tenant with
reasonable access to Landlord&#146;s books and records to the extent relevant to determination of Operating Expenses, and such information as Landlord reasonably determines to be responsive to Tenant&#146;s written inquiries. In the event that,
after Tenant&#146;s review of such information, Landlord and Tenant cannot agree upon the amount of Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses, then Tenant shall have the right to have an independent public accounting firm hired by Tenant on
an hourly basis and not on a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">contingent-fee</FONT> basis (at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense) and approved by Landlord (which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold or delay) audit and review such of
Landlord&#146;s books and records for the year in question as directly relate to the determination of Operating Expenses for such year (the &#147;<U>Independent Review</U>&#148;), but not books and records of entities other than Landlord. Landlord
shall make such books and records available at the location where Landlord maintains them in the ordinary course of its business. Landlord need not provide copies of any books or records. Tenant shall commence the Independent Review within fifteen
(15)&nbsp;days after the date Landlord has given Tenant access to Landlord&#146;s books and records for the Independent Review. Tenant shall complete the Independent Review and notify Landlord in writing of Tenant&#146;s specific objections to
Landlord&#146;s calculation of Operating Expenses (including Tenant&#146;s accounting firm&#146;s written statement of the basis, nature and amount of each proposed adjustment) no later than sixty (60)&nbsp;days after Landlord has first given Tenant
access to Landlord&#146;s books and records for the Independent Review. Landlord shall review the results of any such Independent Review. The parties shall endeavor to agree promptly and reasonably upon Operating Expenses taking into account the
results of such Independent Review. If, as of the date that is sixty (60)&nbsp;days after Tenant has submitted the Independent Review to Landlord, the parties have not agreed on the appropriate adjustments to Operating Expenses, then the parties
shall engage a mutually agreeable independent third party accountant with at least ten (10)&nbsp;years&#146; experience in commercial real estate accounting in the Newark, California area, that has not represented Landlord or Tenant in any capacity
within the previous five (5)&nbsp;year period (the &#147;<U>Accountant</U>&#148;). If the parties cannot agree on the Accountant, each shall within ten (10)&nbsp;days after such impasse appoint an Accountant (different from the accountant and
accounting firm that conducted the Independent Review) and, within ten (10)&nbsp;days after the appointment of both such Accountants, those two Accountants shall select a third (which cannot be the accountant and accounting firm that conducted the
Independent Review). If either party fails to timely appoint an Accountant, then the Accountant the other party appoints shall be the sole Accountant. Within ten (10)&nbsp;days after appointment of the Accountant(s), Landlord and Tenant shall each
simultaneously give the </P>
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Accountants (with a copy to the other party) its determination of Operating Expenses, with such supporting data or information as each submitting party determines appropriate. Within ten
(10)&nbsp;days after such submissions, the Accountants shall by majority vote select either Landlord&#146;s or Tenant&#146;s determination of Operating Expenses. The Accountants may not select or designate any other determination of Operating
Expenses. The determination of the Accountant(s) shall bind the parties. If the parties agree or the Accountant(s) determine that the Operating Expenses actually paid by Tenant for the calendar year in question exceeded Tenant&#146;s obligations for
such calendar year, then Landlord shall, at Tenant&#146;s option, either (a)&nbsp;credit the excess to the next succeeding installments of estimated Additional Rent or (b)&nbsp;pay the excess to Tenant within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after delivery of
such results. If the parties agree or the Accountant(s) determine that Tenant&#146;s payments of Operating Expenses for such calendar year were less than Tenant&#146;s obligation for the calendar year, then Tenant shall pay the deficiency to
Landlord within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after delivery of such results. If the Independent Review reveals or the Accountant(s) determine that the Operating Expenses billed to Tenant by Landlord and paid by Tenant to Landlord for the applicable
calendar year in question exceeded by more than five percent (5%) what Tenant should have been billed during such calendar year, then Landlord shall pay the reasonable cost of the Independent Review and the reasonable cost of the Accountant(s). In
all other cases Tenant shall pay the cost of the Independent Review and the Accountant(s). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not
be responsible for Operating Expenses with respect to any time period prior to the Term Commencement Date; <U>provided</U>, however, that if Tenant commences business operations in the Premises prior to the Term Commencement Date, Tenant shall be
responsible for Operating Expenses from the date that Tenant so commences business operations in the Premises (the Term Commencement Date or such earlier date, as applicable, the &#147;<U>Expense Trigger Date</U>&#148;); and <U>provided</U>,
further, that Landlord may annualize certain Operating Expenses incurred prior to the Expense Trigger Date over the course of the budgeted year during which the Expense Trigger Date occurs, and Tenant shall be responsible for the annualized portion
of such Operating Expenses corresponding to the number of days during such year, commencing with the Expense Trigger Date, for which Tenant is otherwise liable for Operating Expenses pursuant to this Lease. Tenant&#146;s responsibility for
Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses shall continue to the later of (a)&nbsp;the date of termination of the Lease and (b)&nbsp;the date Tenant has fully vacated the Premises (provided that in the event of termination of the Lease due
to a default by Tenant, Tenant&#146;s responsibility for Operating Expenses will be governed by Article 31 and not the foregoing provisions). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating Expenses for the calendar year in which Tenant&#146;s obligation to share therein commences and for the
calendar year in which such obligation ceases shall be prorated on a basis reasonably determined by Landlord. Expenses such as taxes, assessments and insurance premiums that are incurred for an extended time period shall be prorated based upon the
time periods to which they apply so that the amounts attributed to the Premises relate in a reasonable manner to the time period wherein Tenant has an obligation to share in Operating Expenses. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after the end of each calendar month, Tenant shall submit to Landlord an invoice, or,
in the event an invoice is not available, an itemized list, of all costs and expenses that (a)&nbsp;Tenant has incurred (either internally or by employing third parties) during the prior month and (b)&nbsp;for which Tenant reasonably believes it is
entitled to reimbursements from Landlord pursuant to the terms of this Lease or the Work Letter. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">13 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event that the Building, North Campus or Project is less than
fully occupied during a calendar year, Tenant acknowledges that Landlord may extrapolate Operating Expenses that vary depending on the occupancy of the Building, North Campus or Project, as applicable, to equal Landlord&#146;s reasonable estimate of
what such Operating Expenses would have been, had the Building, North Campus or Project, as applicable, been ninety-five percent (95%) occupied during such calendar year; <U>provided</U>, however, that Landlord shall not recover more than one
hundred percent (100%) of Operating Expenses. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Taxes on Tenant</U><U>&#146;</U><U>s Property</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall be solely responsible for the payment of any and all taxes levied upon (a)&nbsp;personal property and
trade fixtures located at the Premises and (b)&nbsp;any gross or net receipts of or sales by Tenant, and shall pay the same prior to delinquency. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If any such taxes on Tenant&#146;s personal property or trade fixtures are levied against Landlord or
Landlord&#146;s property or, if the assessed valuation of the Building, the Property or the Project is increased by inclusion therein of a value attributable to Tenant&#146;s personal property or trade fixtures, and if Landlord, after written notice
to Tenant, pays the taxes based upon any such increase in the assessed value of the Building, the Property or the Project, then Tenant shall, upon demand, repay to Landlord the taxes so paid by Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If any improvements in or alterations to the Premises, whether owned by Landlord or Tenant and whether or not
affixed to the real property so as to become a part thereof, are assessed for real property tax purposes at a valuation higher than the valuation at which improvements conforming to Landlord&#146;s building standards (the &#147;<U>Building
Standard</U>&#148;) in other spaces in the Building are assessed, then the real property taxes and assessments levied against Landlord or the Building, the Property or the Project by reason of such excess assessed valuation shall be deemed to be
taxes levied against personal property of Tenant and shall be governed by the provisions of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;10.2</U>. Any such excess assessed valuation due to improvements in or alterations to space in the Project leased by other
tenants at the Project shall not be included in Operating Expenses. If the records of the applicable governmental assessor&#146;s office are available and sufficiently detailed to serve as a basis for determining whether such Tenant improvements or
alterations are assessed at a higher valuation than the Building Standard, then such records shall be binding on both Landlord and Tenant. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Security Deposit</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall deposit with Landlord on or before the Execution Date the sum set forth in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6</U> (the &#147;<U>Security Deposit</U>&#148;), which sum shall be held by Landlord as security for the faithful performance by Tenant of all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease to be kept and
performed by Tenant during the period commencing on the Execution Date and ending upon the expiration or termination of Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Lease. If Tenant Defaults (as defined below) with respect to any provision of this Lease,
including any provision relating to the payment of Rent, then Landlord may (but shall not be required to) use, apply or </P>
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retain all or any part of the Security Deposit for the payment of any Rent or any other sum in default, or to compensate Landlord for any other loss or damage that Landlord may suffer by reason
of Tenant&#146;s default. If any portion of the Security Deposit is so used or applied, then Tenant shall, within ten (10)&nbsp;days following demand therefor, deposit cash with Landlord in an amount sufficient to restore the Security Deposit to its
original amount, and Tenant&#146;s failure to do so shall be a material breach of this Lease. The provisions of this Article shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. TENANT HEREBY WAIVES THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 1950.7
OF THE CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of bankruptcy or
other debtor-creditor proceedings against Tenant, the Security Deposit shall be deemed to be applied first to the payment of Rent and other charges due Landlord for all periods prior to the filing of such proceedings. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord may deliver to any
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">successor-in-interest</FONT></FONT> to Landlord under this Lease the funds deposited hereunder by Tenant, and thereupon Landlord shall be discharged from any further liability with
respect to such deposit. This provision shall also apply to any subsequent transfers. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant shall fully
and faithfully perform every provision of this Lease to be performed by it, then the Security Deposit, or any balance thereof, shall be returned to Tenant (or, at Landlord&#146;s option, to the last assignee of Tenant&#146;s interest hereunder)
within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Security
Deposit shall be in cash, Landlord shall hold the Security Deposit in an account at a banking organization selected by Landlord; <U>provided</U>, however, that Landlord shall not be required to maintain a separate account for the Security Deposit,
but may intermingle it with other funds of Landlord. Landlord shall be entitled to all interest and/or dividends, if any, accruing on the Security Deposit. Landlord shall not be required to credit Tenant with any interest for any period during which
Landlord does not receive interest on the Security Deposit. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Security Deposit may be in the form of cash,
a letter of credit or any other security instrument acceptable to Landlord in its sole discretion. Tenant may at any time, except when Tenant is in Default (as defined below), deliver a letter of credit (the &#147;<U>L/C Security</U>&#148;) as the
entire Security Deposit, as follows: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant elects to deliver L/C Security, then Tenant shall provide
Landlord, and maintain in full force and effect throughout the Term and until the date that is ninety (90)&nbsp;days after the then-current Term Expiration Date, a letter of credit in the form of <U>Exhibit E</U> issued by an issuer reasonably
satisfactory to Landlord, in the amount of the Security Deposit, with an initial term of at least one year. Landlord may require the L/C Security to be <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-issued</FONT> by a different issuer at any time during the
Term if Landlord reasonably believes that the issuing bank of the L/C Security is or may soon become insolvent; provided, however, Landlord shall return the existing L/C Security to the existing issuer immediately upon receipt of the substitute L/C
Security. If any issuer of the L/C Security shall become insolvent or placed into FDIC receivership, then Tenant shall immediately deliver to Landlord (without the </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">15 </P>


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requirement of notice from Landlord) substitute L/C Security issued by an issuer reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, and otherwise conforming to the requirements set forth in this Article. As
used herein with respect to the issuer of the L/C Security, &#147;insolvent&#148; shall mean the determination of insolvency as made by such issuer&#146;s primary bank regulator (<I>i.e</I>., the state bank supervisor for state chartered banks; the
OCC or OTS, respectively, for federally chartered banks or thrifts; or the Federal Reserve for its member banks). If, at the Term Expiration Date, any Rent remains uncalculated or unpaid, then (i)&nbsp;Landlord shall with reasonable diligence
complete any necessary calculations, (ii)&nbsp;Tenant shall extend the expiry date of such L/C Security from time to time as Landlord reasonably requires and (iii)&nbsp;in such extended period, Landlord shall not unreasonably refuse to consent to an
appropriate reduction of the L/C Security. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord&#146;s actual and reasonable legal costs in handling Landlord&#146;s acceptance of L/C Security or its replacement or extension. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant delivers to Landlord satisfactory L/C Security in place of the entire Security Deposit, Landlord shall,
within thirty (30)&nbsp;days of Tenant&#146;s written request, remit to Tenant any cash Security Deposit Landlord previously held. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord may draw upon the L/C Security, and hold and apply the proceeds in the same manner and for the same
purposes as the Security Deposit, if (i)&nbsp;an uncured Default (as defined below) exists, (ii)&nbsp;as of the date that is forty-five (45)&nbsp;days before any L/C Security expires (even if such scheduled expiry date is after the Term Expiration
Date) Tenant has not delivered to Landlord an amendment or replacement for such L/C Security, reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, extending the expiry date to the earlier of (1)&nbsp;ninety (90) days after the then-current Term Expiration Date or
(2)&nbsp;the date that is one year after the then-current expiry date of the L/C Security, (iii)&nbsp;the L/C Security provides for automatic renewals, Landlord asks the issuer to confirm the current L/C Security expiry date, and the issuer fails to
do so within ten (10)&nbsp;business days, (iv)&nbsp;Tenant fails to pay (when and as Landlord reasonably requires) any bank charges for Landlord&#146;s transfer of the L/C Security or (v)&nbsp;the issuer of the L/C Security ceases, or announces that
it will cease, to maintain an office in the city where Landlord may present drafts under the L/C Security (and fails to permit drawing upon the L/C Security by overnight courier or facsimile). This Section does not limit any other provisions of this
Lease allowing Landlord to draw the L/C Security under specified circumstances. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not seek to
enjoin, prevent, or otherwise interfere with Landlord&#146;s draw under L/C Security, even if it violates this Lease. Tenant acknowledges that the only effect of a wrongful draw would be to substitute a cash Security Deposit for L/C Security,
causing Tenant no legally recognizable damage. Landlord shall hold the proceeds of any draw in the same manner and for the same purposes as a cash Security Deposit. In the event of a wrongful draw, the parties shall cooperate to allow Tenant to post
replacement L/C Security simultaneously with the return to Tenant of the wrongfully drawn sums, and Landlord shall upon request confirm in writing to the issuer of the L/C Security that Landlord&#146;s draw was erroneous. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Landlord transfers its interest in the Premises, then Tenant shall at Tenant&#146;s expense, within five
(5)&nbsp;business days after receiving a request from Landlord, deliver (and, if the issuer requires, Landlord shall consent to) an amendment to the L/C Security naming Landlord&#146;s grantee as substitute beneficiary. If the required Security
Deposit changes while L/C Security is in force, then Tenant shall deliver (and, if the issuer requires, Landlord shall consent to) a corresponding amendment to the L/C Security. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">16 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant, as of the fourth (4<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">th</SUP>) annual anniversary of the Term Commencement Date (the&nbsp;&#147;<U>L/C Security Reduction Date</U>&#148;), (a) has a market capitalization of Two Hundred Fifty Million Dollars ($250,000,000) or
more, and (b)&nbsp;has not been in Default under this Lease during the twelve (12)&nbsp;month period immediately preceding the L/C Security Reduction Date ((a) and (b), collectively, the&nbsp;&#147;<U>L/C Security Reduction Obligations</U>&#148;),
then Tenant, no later than sixty (60)&nbsp;days after the L/C Security Reduction Date, may notify Landlord in writing that Tenant desires to reduce the Security Deposit by the L/C Security Reduction Amount (as defined below), which notification
shall include (y)&nbsp;a certificate (in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Landlord) from Tenant&#146;s Chief Financial Officer certifying that Tenant has satisfied the L/C Security Reduction Obligations, and (z)&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s most
recent unconsolidated financial statements audited by a nationally recognized accounting firm. If, within ten (10)&nbsp;business days following Landlord&#146;s receipt of such notice, Landlord reasonably determines that Tenant has met the L/C
Security Reduction Obligations, then Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing and the Security Deposit shall be reduced by an amount equal to Two Hundred Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($225,000) (such amount, the &#147;<U>L/C Security Reduction
Amount</U>&#148;), such that the amount of the required Security Deposit under the Lease shall be Two Hundred Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($225,000). If Landlord is holding a cash Security Deposit, then it shall return to Tenant cash in an amount
equal to the L/C Security Reduction Amount within thirty (30)&nbsp;days of its approval of such certification. If the Security Deposit is in the form of the L/C Security, Tenant may provide to Landlord a replacement L/C Security in the amount of the
reduced Security Deposit. Provided such replacement L/C Security complies with the terms and provisions of this <U>Article 11</U>, Landlord shall, within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after its receipt of such replacement L/C Security, return to Tenant the
L/C Security then being held by Landlord. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Use</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall use the Premises for the Permitted Use, and shall not use the Premises, or permit or suffer the
Premises to be used, for any other purpose without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, which consent Landlord may withhold in its sole and absolute discretion. During the Term, Tenant shall, subject to Force Majeure, casualty and all of the other
terms, conditions and provisions of this Lease, have access to the Premises twenty-four (24)&nbsp;hours per day, seven (7)&nbsp;days per week. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not use or occupy the Premises in violation of Applicable Laws; zoning ordinances; or the
certificate of occupancy (or its substantial equivalent) issued for the Building or the Project, and shall, upon five (5)&nbsp;days&#146; written notice from Landlord, discontinue any use of the Premises that is declared or claimed by any
Governmental Authority having jurisdiction to be a violation of any of the above, or that in Landlord&#146;s reasonable opinion violates any of the above. Tenant shall comply with any direction of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction that
shall, by reason of the nature of Tenant&#146;s use or occupancy of the Premises, impose any duty upon Tenant or Landlord with respect to the Premises or with respect to the use or occupation thereof, and shall indemnify, defend (at the option of
and with counsel reasonably acceptable to the indemnified party(ies)), save, reimburse and hold harmless (collectively, &#147;<U>Indemnify</U>,&#148; &#147;<U>Indemnity</U>&#148; or &#147;<U>Indemnification</U>,&#148; as the case may require) the
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">17 </P>


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Landlord and its affiliates, employees, agents and contractors; and any lender, mortgagee, ground lessor or beneficiary (each, a &#147;<U>Lender</U>&#148; and, collectively with Landlord and its
affiliates, employees, agents and contractors, the &#147;<U>Landlord Indemnitees</U>&#148;) harmless from and against any and all demands, claims, liabilities, losses, costs, expenses, actions, causes of action, damages, suits or judgments, and all
reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys&#146; fees, charges and disbursements, regardless of whether the applicable demand, claim, action, cause of action or suit is voluntarily withdrawn or dismissed) incurred in investigating or
resisting the same (collectively, &#147;<U>Claims</U>&#148;) of any kind or nature that arise before, during or after the Term as a result of Tenant&#146;s breach of this Section. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not do or permit to be done anything that will invalidate or increase the cost of any fire,
environmental, extended coverage or any other insurance policy covering the Building or the Project, and shall comply with all rules, orders, regulations and requirements of the insurers of the Building and the Project, and Tenant shall promptly,
upon demand, reimburse Landlord for any additional premium charged for such policy by reason of Tenant&#146;s failure to comply with the provisions of this Article. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall keep all doors opening onto public corridors closed, except when in use for ingress and egress. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No additional locks or bolts of any kind shall be placed upon any of the doors or windows by Tenant, nor shall
any changes be made to existing locks or the mechanisms thereof without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. Tenant shall, upon termination of this Lease, return to Landlord all
keys to offices and restrooms either furnished to or otherwise procured by Tenant. In the event any key so furnished to Tenant is lost, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the cost of replacing the same or of changing the lock or locks opened by such lost
key if Landlord shall deem it necessary to make such change. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No awnings or other projections shall be
attached to any outside wall of the Building. No curtains, blinds, shades or screens shall be attached to or hung in, or used in connection with, any window or door of the Premises other than Landlord&#146;s standard window coverings. Neither the
interior nor exterior of any windows shall be coated or otherwise sunscreened without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, nor shall any bottles, parcels or other articles be placed on the windowsills or items attached to windows that are visible
from outside the Premises. No equipment, furniture or other items of personal property shall be placed on any exterior balcony without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No sign, advertisement or notice (&#147;<U>Signage</U>&#148;) shall be exhibited, painted or affixed by Tenant on
any part of the Premises or the Building without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent. Signage shall conform to Landlord&#146;s design criteria. For any Signage, Tenant shall, at Tenant&#146;s own cost and expense, (a)&nbsp;acquire all permits for
such Signage in compliance with Applicable Laws and (b)&nbsp;design, fabricate, install and maintain such Signage in a first-class condition. Tenant shall be responsible for reimbursing Landlord for costs incurred by Landlord in removing any of
Tenant&#146;s Signage upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Lease. Interior signs on entry doors to the Premises and the directory tablet shall be inscribed, painted or affixed for Tenant by Landlord at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and
expense, and shall be of a size, color </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>


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and type and be located in a place acceptable to Landlord. The directory tablet shall be provided exclusively for the display of the name and location of tenants only. Tenant shall not place
anything on the exterior of the corridor walls or corridor doors other than Landlord&#146;s standard lettering. At Landlord&#146;s option, Landlord may install any Tenant Signage, and Tenant shall pay all costs associated with such installation
within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after demand therefor. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subject to all of the terms, conditions and provisions of this
<U>Section&nbsp;12.7</U>, Tenant shall be entitled to install, at its sole cost and expense, a strip on the Building&#146;s monument sign (&#147;<U>Monument Signage</U>&#148;). The graphics, materials, size, color, design, lettering, lighting (if
any), specifications and exact location of the Monument Signage (collectively, the &#147;<U>Signage Specifications</U>&#148;) shall be subject to the prior written approval of Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. In addition,
the Monument Signage and all Signage Specifications therefore shall be subject to Tenant&#146;s receipt of all required governmental permits and approvals, and shall be subject to all Applicable Laws and any covenants, conditions and restrictions
affecting the Project. In the event Tenant does not receive the necessary permits and approvals for the Monument Signage, Tenant&#146;s and Landlord&#146;s rights and obligations under the remaining provisions of this Lease shall not be affected.
The cost of installation of the Monument Signage, as well as all costs of design and construction of such Monument Signage and all other costs associated with such Monument Signage, including, without limitation, permits, maintenance and repair,
shall be the sole responsibility of Tenant. Should the Monument Signage require maintenance or repairs as determined in Landlord&#146;s reasonable judgment, Landlord shall have the right to provide written notice thereof to Tenant, and Tenant shall
cause such repairs and/or maintenance to be performed within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after receipt of such notice from Landlord at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense. Should Tenant fail to perform such maintenance and repairs within the period
described in the immediately preceding sentence, Landlord shall have the right to cause such work to be performed and to charge Tenant, as Additional Rent, for the cost of such work. Upon the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, Tenant
shall, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense, cause the Monument Signage to be removed from the Building&#146;s monument sign and shall cause the monument sign to be restored to the condition existing prior to the placement of such Monument
Signage. If Tenant fails to remove such Monument Signage and to restore the monument sign as provided in the immediately preceding sentence on or before the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, then Landlord may perform such work, and
all costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in so performing such work shall be reimbursed by Tenant to Landlord within ten (10)&nbsp;days after Tenant&#146;s receipt of invoice therefore. The immediately preceding sentence shall survive the
expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The rights to the Monument Signage shall be personal to the originally named Tenant and
may not be transferred. Should the name of the original Tenant change, then the Monument Signage may be modified at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense to reflect the new name, but only if the new name does not (i)&nbsp;relate to an entity that is
of a character, reputation, or associated with a political orientation or a faction, that is inconsistent with the quality of the Building or would otherwise reasonably offend an institutional landlord of a project comparable to the Project, taking
into consideration the level and visibility of such signage or (ii)&nbsp;cause Landlord to be in default under any lease or license with another tenant of the Project. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant may only place equipment within the Premises with floor
loading consistent with the Building&#146;s structural design unless Tenant obtains Landlord&#146;s prior written approval. Tenant may place such equipment only in a location designed to carry the weight of such equipment. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall cause any equipment or machinery to be installed in the Premises so as to reasonably prevent sounds
or vibrations therefrom from extending into the Common Area or other offices in the Project. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall
not (a)&nbsp;do or permit anything to be done in or about the Premises that shall in any way obstruct or interfere with the rights of other tenants or occupants of the Project, or injure or annoy them, (b)&nbsp;use or allow the Premises to be used
for immoral, unlawful or objectionable purposes, (c)&nbsp;cause, maintain or permit any nuisance or waste in, on or about the Project or (d)&nbsp;take any other action that would in Landlord&#146;s reasonable determination in any manner adversely
affect other tenants&#146; quiet use and enjoyment of their space or adversely impact their ability to conduct business in a professional and suitable work environment. Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary, Tenant may not install
any security systems (including cameras) outside the Premises or that record sounds or images outside the Premises without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, which Landlord may withhold in its sole and absolute discretion. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding any other provision herein to the contrary, Tenant shall be responsible for all liabilities,
costs and expenses arising out of or in connection with the compliance of the Premises with the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. &#167; 12101, et seq., and any state and local accessibility laws, codes, ordinances and rules (collectively,
and together with regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, the &#147;<U>ADA</U>&#148;), and Tenant shall Indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees from and against Claims arising out of any such failure of the Premises to comply with the ADA. The Premises
have not undergone inspection by a Certified Access Specialist (as defined in California Civil Code Section&nbsp;55.52). A Certified Access Specialist can inspect the Premises and determine whether the Premises comply with all of the applicable
construction-related accessibility standards under State law. Although State law does not require a Certified Access Specialist inspection of the Premises, Landlord may not prohibit Tenant from obtaining a Certified Access Specialist inspection of
the Premises for the occupancy or potential occupancy of Tenant, if requested by Tenant. Landlord and Tenant shall agree on the arrangements for the time and manner of the Certified Access Specialist inspection, the payment of the fee for the
Certified Access Specialist inspection, and the cost of making any repairs necessary to correct violations of construction-related accessibility standards within the Premises. For the avoidance of doubt, &#147;Lenders&#148; shall also include
historic tax credit investors and new market tax credit investors. The provisions of this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall maintain temperature and humidity in the Premises in accordance with ASHRAE standards at all times.
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Rules and Regulations, CC&amp;Rs, Parking Facilities</U><U> and Common Area</U>.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall have the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive</FONT> right, in common with others, to
use the Common Area in conjunction with Tenant&#146;s use of the Premises for the Permitted Use, and such use of the Common Area and Tenant&#146;s use of the Premises shall be subject to the rules and regulations adopted by Landlord and attached
hereto as <U>Exhibit F</U>, together with such other reasonable and nondiscriminatory rules and regulations as are hereafter promulgated by Landlord in its sole and absolute discretion (the &#147;<U>Rules and Regulations</U>&#148;); provided that
any future Rules and Regulations do not materially and adversely affect Tenant&#146;s ability to use the Premises for the Permitted Use. Tenant shall and shall ensure that its contractors, subcontractors, employees, subtenants and invitees
faithfully observe and comply with the Rules and Regulations. Landlord shall not be responsible to Tenant for the violation or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-performance</FONT> by any other tenant or any agent, employee or invitee thereof of
any of the Rules and Regulations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Lease is subject to any recorded covenants, conditions or
restrictions on the Project or Property, as the same may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time (the &#147;<U>CC&amp;Rs</U>&#148;). Tenant shall, at its sole cost and expense, comply with the
CC&amp;Rs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall have a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive,</FONT> irrevocable license to
use Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of parking facilities serving the Building in common on an unreserved basis with other tenants of the Building during the Term at no additional cost. As of the Execution Date, Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of parking
facilities amounts to approximately one hundred thirty-seven (137)&nbsp;unreserved parking spaces (i.e., 3.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet of Rentable Area within the Premises). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant agrees not to unreasonably overburden the parking facilities and agrees to cooperate with Landlord and
other tenants in the use of the parking facilities. Landlord reserves the right to determine that parking facilities are becoming overcrowded and to limit Tenant&#146;s use thereof; provided that in no event shall Landlord exercise such right in a
manner that reduces Tenant&#146;s parking allocation below 3.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet of Rentable Area within the Premises. Upon such determination, Landlord may reasonably allocate parking spaces among Tenant and other tenants of the Building
or the Project. Nothing in this Section, however, is intended to create an affirmative duty on Landlord&#146;s part to monitor parking. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Project </U><U>Control by Landlord</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord reserves full control over the Building and the Project to the extent not inconsistent with Tenant&#146;s
enjoyment of the Premises as provided by this Lease. This reservation includes Landlord&#146;s right to subdivide the Project; convert the Building and other buildings within the Project to condominium units; change the size of the Project by
selling all or a portion of the Project or adding real property and any improvements thereon to the Project; grant easements and licenses to third parties; maintain or establish ownership of the Building separate from fee title to the Property; make
additions to or reconstruct portions of the Building and the Project; install, use, maintain, repair, replace and relocate for service to the Premises and other parts of the Building or the Project pipes, ducts, conduits, wires and appurtenant
fixtures, wherever located in the Premises, the Building or elsewhere at the Project; and alter or relocate </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">21 </P>


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any other Common Area or facility, including private drives, lobbies, entrances and landscaping; <U>provided</U>, however, that such rights shall be exercised in a way that does not materially
adversely affect Tenant&#146;s beneficial use and occupancy of the Premises, including the Permitted Use and Tenant&#146;s access to the Premises. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord specifically reserves the right to allow the exclusive use of
corridors and restroom facilities located on specific floors to one or more tenants occupying such floors; <U>provided</U>, however, that Tenant shall not be deprived of the use of the corridors reasonably required to serve the Premises or of
restroom facilities serving the floor upon which the Premises are located. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Possession of areas of the
Premises necessary for utilities, services, safety and operation of the Building is reserved to Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall, at Landlord&#146;s request, promptly execute such further documents as may be reasonably
appropriate to assist Landlord in the performance of its obligations hereunder; <U>provided</U> that Tenant need not execute any document that creates additional liability for Tenant, unreasonably diminishes Tenant&#146;s rights hereunder or that
deprives Tenant of the quiet enjoyment and use of the Premises as provided for in this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord may,
at any and all reasonable times during <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-business</FONT> hours (or during business hours, if (a)&nbsp;with respect to <U>Subsections 14.4(u)</U> through <U>14.4(y)</U>, Tenant so requests, and (b)&nbsp;with respect
to <U>Subsection 14.4(z)</U>, if Landlord so requests), and upon twenty-four (24)&nbsp;hours&#146; prior notice (which may be oral or by email to the office manager or other Tenant-designated individual at the Premises; but <U>provided</U> that no
time restrictions shall apply or advance notice be required if an emergency necessitates immediate entry), enter the Premises to (u)&nbsp;inspect the same and to determine whether Tenant is in compliance with its obligations hereunder,
(v)&nbsp;supply any service Landlord is required to provide hereunder, (w)&nbsp;alter, improve or repair any portion of the Building other than the Premises for which access to the Premises is reasonably necessary, (x)&nbsp;post notices of
nonresponsibility, (y)&nbsp;access the telephone equipment, electrical substation and fire risers and (z)&nbsp;show the Premises to prospective tenants during the final year of the Term and current and prospective purchasers and lenders at any time.
In connection with any such alteration, improvement or repair as described in <U>Subsection 14.4(w)</U>, Landlord may erect in the Premises or elsewhere in the Project scaffolding and other structures reasonably required for the alteration,
improvement or repair work to be performed. In no event shall Tenant&#146;s Rent abate as a result of Landlord&#146;s activities pursuant to this Section; <U>provided</U>, however, that all such activities shall be conducted in such a manner so as
to cause as little interference to Tenant as is reasonably possible. Landlord shall at all times retain a key with which to unlock all of the doors in the Premises. If an emergency necessitates immediate access to the Premises, Landlord may use
whatever force is necessary to enter the Premises, and any such entry to the Premises shall not constitute a forcible or unlawful entry to the Premises, a detainer of the Premises, or an eviction of Tenant from the Premises or any portion thereof.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Quiet Enjoyment</U>. Landlord covenants that Tenant, upon paying the Rent and performing its obligations contained in this
Lease, may peacefully and quietly have, hold and enjoy the Premises, free from any claim by Landlord or persons claiming under Landlord, but subject to all of the terms and provisions hereof, provisions of Applicable Laws and rights of record to
which this Lease is or may become subordinate. This covenant is in lieu of any other quiet enjoyment covenant, either express or implied. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">22 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Utilities and Services</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay for all water (including the cost to service, repair and replace reverse osmosis, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">de-ionized</FONT> and other treated water), gas, heat, light, power, telephone, internet service, cable television, other telecommunications and other utilities supplied to the Premises, together with any fees, surcharges
and taxes thereon. If any such utility is not separately metered to Tenant, Tenant shall pay Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of all charges of such utility jointly metered with other premises as Additional Rent or, in the alternative, Landlord may, at
its option, monitor the usage of such utilities by Tenant and charge Tenant with the cost of purchasing, installing and monitoring such metering equipment, which cost shall be paid by Tenant as Additional Rent. Landlord may base its bills for
utilities on reasonable estimates; <U>provided</U> that Landlord adjusts such billings promptly thereafter or as part of the next Landlord&#146;s Statement to reflect the actual cost of providing utilities to the Premises. To the extent that Tenant
uses more than Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of any utilities, then Tenant shall pay Landlord for Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of such utilities to reflect such excess. In the event that the Building, North Campus or Project is less than fully
occupied during a calendar year, Tenant acknowledges that Landlord may extrapolate utility usage that varies depending on the occupancy of the Building, North Campus or Project (as applicable) to equal Landlord&#146;s reasonable estimate of what
such utility usage would have been had the Building, North Campus or Project, as applicable, been ninety-five percent (95%) occupied during such calendar year; <U>provided</U>, however, that Landlord shall not recover more than one hundred percent
(100%) of the cost of such utilities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall not be liable for, nor shall any eviction of Tenant
result from, the failure to furnish any utility or service, whether or not such failure is caused by accidents; breakage; casualties (to the extent not caused by the party claiming Force Majeure); Severe Weather Conditions (as defined below);
physical natural disasters (but excluding weather conditions that are not Severe Weather Conditions); strikes, lockouts or other labor disturbances or labor disputes (other than labor disturbances and labor disputes resulting solely from the acts or
omissions of the party claiming Force Majeure); acts of terrorism; riots or civil disturbances; wars or insurrections; shortages of materials (which shortages are not unique to the party claiming Force Majeure); government regulations, moratoria or
other governmental actions, inactions or delays; failures to grant consent or delays in granting consent by any Lender whose consent is required under any applicable Loan Document; failures by third parties to deliver gas, oil or another suitable
fuel supply, or inability of the party claiming Force Majeure, by exercise of reasonable diligence, to obtain gas, oil or another suitable fuel; or other causes beyond the reasonable control of the party claiming that Force Majeure has occurred
(collectively, &#147;<U>Force </U><U>Majeure</U>&#148;); or, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, Landlord&#146;s negligence. In the event of such failure, Tenant shall not be entitled to termination of this Lease or any abatement or
reduction of Rent, nor shall Tenant be relieved from the operation of any covenant or agreement of this Lease. &#147;<U>Severe Weather Conditions</U>&#148; means weather conditions that are materially worse than those that reasonably would be
anticipated for the Property at the applicable time based on historic meteorological records. In the event that the negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord (or any Landlord Party) causes an interruption of any utilities or services that
Landlord must provide pursuant to this Lease, Landlord shall use commercially reasonable efforts to pursue the restoration of such utilities and/or services as soon as reasonably possible. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">23 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay for, prior to delinquency of payment therefor, any
utilities and services that may be furnished to the Premises during or, if Tenant occupies the Premises after the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, after the Term, beyond those utilities provided by Landlord, including telephone,
internet service, cable television and other telecommunications, together with any fees, surcharges and taxes thereon. Upon Landlord&#146;s demand, utilities and services provided to the Premises that are separately metered shall be paid by Tenant
directly to the supplier of such utilities or services. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not, without Landlord&#146;s prior
written consent, use any device in the Premises (including data processing machines) that will in any way (a)&nbsp;increase the amount of ventilation, air exchange, gas, steam, electricity or water required or consumed in the Premises based upon
Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of the Building or Project (as applicable) beyond the existing capacity of the Building or the Project usually furnished or supplied for the Permitted Use or (b)&nbsp;exceed Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of the
Building&#146;s or Project&#146;s (as applicable) capacity to provide such utilities or services. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant
shall require utilities or services in excess of those usually furnished or supplied for tenants in similar spaces in the Building or the Project by reason of Tenant&#146;s equipment or extended hours of business operations, then Tenant shall first
procure Landlord&#146;s consent for the use thereof, which consent Landlord may condition upon the availability of such excess utilities or services, and Tenant shall pay as Additional Rent an amount equal to the cost of providing such excess
utilities and services. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall provide water in Common Area for lavatory and landscaping purposes
only, which water shall be from the local municipal or similar source; <U>provided</U>, however, that if Landlord determines that Tenant requires, uses or consumes water provided to the Common Area for any purpose other than ordinary lavatory
purposes, Landlord may install a water meter (&#147;<U>Tenant Water Meter</U>&#148;) and thereby measure Tenant&#146;s water consumption for all purposes. Tenant shall pay Landlord for the costs of any Tenant Water Meter and the installation and
maintenance thereof during the Term. If Landlord installs a Tenant Water Meter, Tenant shall pay for water consumed, as shown on such meter, as and when bills are rendered. If Tenant fails to timely make such payments, Landlord may pay such charges
and collect the same from Tenant. Any such costs or expenses incurred or payments made by Landlord for any of the reasons or purposes stated in this Section shall be deemed to be Additional Rent payable by Tenant and collectible by Landlord as such.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord reserves the right to stop service of the elevator, plumbing, ventilation, air conditioning and
utility systems (a &#147;<U>Service Stoppage</U>&#148;), when Landlord deems necessary or desirable, due to accident, emergency or the need to make repairs, alterations or improvements, until such repairs, alterations or improvements shall have been
completed, and Landlord shall further have no responsibility or liability for failure to supply elevator facilities, plumbing, ventilation, air conditioning or utility service when prevented from doing so by Force Majeure or, to the extent permitted
by Applicable Laws, Landlord&#146;s negligence. Without limiting the foregoing, it is expressly understood and agreed that any covenants on Landlord&#146;s part to furnish </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">24 </P>


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any service pursuant to any of the terms, covenants, conditions, provisions or agreements of this Lease, or to perform any act or thing for the benefit of Tenant, shall not be deemed breached if
Landlord is unable to furnish or perform the same by virtue of Force Majeure or, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, Landlord&#146;s negligence. Except in case of emergencies (in which event no notice shall be required), Landlord shall
provide Tenant with twenty-four (24)&nbsp;hours&#146; notice prior to any Service Stoppage (which notice may be oral or by email to the office manager or other Tenant-designated individual at the Premises). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the Execution Date, an existing <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">back-up</FONT> generator (the
&#147;<U>Generator</U>&#148;) is connected to the Premises&#146; emergency electrical panel. Landlord shall deliver the Generator to Tenant on the Execution Date in good working order, condition and repair. Except for Landlord&#146;s obligation to
deliver the Generator to Tenant on the Execution Date in good working order, condition and repair (as set forth in the immediately preceding grammatical sentence), Tenant acknowledges and agrees that Landlord has made no representation or warranty
(express or implied) regarding the condition of the Generator or the suitability of the Generator for Tenant&#146;s use. From and after the Execution Date, the Generator shall be the sole responsibility of Tenant and Landlord shall have no
obligations with respect thereto. Tenant shall, at its sole cost and expense, maintain and keep the Generator (a)&nbsp;in good condition and repair, (b)&nbsp;in accordance with industry standard practices, (c)&nbsp;in compliance with all Applicable
Laws (including, without limitation, any required permits); and Tenant shall otherwise be solely responsible for any repair, maintenance and/or replacement costs with respect to the Generator. If requested in writing by Landlord, Tenant shall
provide to Landlord copies of any Generator maintenance contracts and any Generator maintenance reports; <U>provided</U>, however, that Tenant shall not be required to provide such copies to Landlord more than one (1)&nbsp;time per year (except that
such limitation shall not apply at any time that Tenant is in Default of this Lease). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Lease, Landlord shall have no liability, and Tenant shall have no right or remedy, on account of any interruption
or impairment with respect to the Generator. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For the Premises, Tenant shall (subject to Landlord&#146;s
obligations as set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;18.1</U> below)&nbsp;(a) maintain and operate the HVAC systems used for the Permitted Use only (&#147;<U>Base HVAC</U>&#148;) and (b)&nbsp;subject to <U>Subsection 16.9(a)</U>, furnish HVAC
as reasonably required (except as this Lease otherwise provides) for reasonably comfortable occupancy of the Premises twenty-four (24)&nbsp;hours a day, every day during the Term, subject to casualty, eminent domain or as otherwise specified in this
Article. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section, Landlord shall have no liability, and Tenant shall have no right or remedy, on account of any interruption or impairment in HVAC services. In the event of any interruption or
impairment in HVAC services due to any portion of the HVAC system which Landlord is obligated to maintain hereunder, Landlord will use commercially reasonable efforts to correct such interruption or impairment as soon as reasonably possible. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For any utilities serving the Premises for which Tenant is billed directly by such utility provider, Tenant
agrees to furnish to Landlord (a)&nbsp;any invoices or statements for such utilities within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after Tenant&#146;s receipt thereof, (b)&nbsp;within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after Landlord&#146;s request, any other utility usage
information reasonably requested by Landlord, and (c)&nbsp;within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after each calendar year during the Term, authorization to allow Landlord to access Tenant&#146;s usage information necessary for Landlord to complete an ENERGY
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">25 </P>


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STAR<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> Statement of Performance (or similar comprehensive utility usage report (e.g., related to Labs 21), if requested by Landlord) and
any other information reasonably requested by Landlord for the immediately preceding year; and Tenant shall comply with any other energy usage or consumption requirements required by Applicable Laws. Tenant shall retain records of utility usage at
the Premises, including invoices and statements from the utility provider, throughout the Term and for such period of time after the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease as may be required in order for Landlord to comply with Applicable
Laws. Tenant acknowledges that any utility information for the Premises, the Building and the Project may be shared with third parties, including Landlord&#146;s consultants and Governmental Authorities. In the event that Tenant fails to comply with
this Section, Tenant hereby authorizes Landlord to collect utility usage information directly from the applicable utility providers. In addition to the foregoing, Tenant shall comply with all Applicable Laws related to the disclosure and tracking of
energy consumption at the Premises. The provisions of this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Alterations</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall make no alterations, additions or improvements other than the Tenant Improvements in or to the
Premises or engage in any construction, demolition, reconstruction, renovation or other work (whether major or minor) of any kind in, at or serving the Premises (&#147;<U>Alterations</U>&#148;) without Landlord&#146;s prior written approval, which
approval may be subject to the consent of one or more Lenders, if required under any applicable Loan Document, but which approval Landlord shall not otherwise unreasonably withhold; <U>provided</U>, however, that, in the event any proposed
Alteration affects (a)&nbsp;any structural portions of the Building, including exterior walls, the roof, the foundation or slab, foundation or slab systems (including barriers and subslab systems) or the core of the Building, (b)&nbsp;the exterior
of the Building or (c)&nbsp;any Building systems, including elevator, plumbing, HVAC, electrical, security, life safety and power, then Landlord may withhold its approval in its sole and absolute discretion. Tenant shall, in making any Alterations,
use only those architects, contractors, suppliers and mechanics of which Landlord has given prior written approval, which approval shall be in Landlord&#146;s commercially reasonable discretion. In seeking Landlord&#146;s approval, Tenant shall
provide Landlord, at least thirty (30)<B></B>&nbsp;days in advance of the desired commencement date of any proposed construction, with plans, specifications, bid proposals, certified stamped engineering drawings and calculations by Tenant&#146;s
engineer of record or architect of record (including connections to the Building&#146;s structural system, modifications to the Building&#146;s envelope, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-structural</FONT> penetrations in slabs or walls, and
modifications or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">tie-ins</FONT> to life safety systems), work contracts, requests for laydown areas and such other information concerning the nature and cost of the Alterations as Landlord may reasonably request,
provided that Tenant shall not commence any such Alterations that require Landlord&#146;s consent unless and until Tenant has received the written approval of Landlord and any and all Lenders whose consent is required under any applicable Loan
Document. In no event shall Tenant use or Landlord be required to approve any architects, consultants, contractors, subcontractors or material suppliers that Landlord reasonably believes could cause labor disharmony or may not have sufficient
experience, in Landlord&#146;s reasonable opinion, to perform work in an occupied Class &#147;A&#148; laboratory research building and in tenant-occupied lab areas. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">26 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not construct or permit to be constructed partitions or
other obstructions that might interfere with free access to mechanical installation or service facilities of the Building or with other tenants&#146; components located within the Building, or interfere with the moving of Landlord&#146;s equipment
to or from the enclosures containing such installations or facilities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall accomplish any work
performed on the Premises or the Building in such a manner as to permit any life safety systems to remain fully operable at all times. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any work performed on the Premises, the Building or the Project by Tenant or Tenant&#146;s contractors shall be
done at such times and in such manner as Landlord may from time to time reasonably designate; provided that Tenant will be permitted to perform Alterations during business hours so long as such Alterations do not create any noise, odors, vibration
or other disturbance which (in Landlord&#146;s sole discretion) could disturb other tenants of the Building. Tenant covenants and agrees that all work done by Tenant or Tenant&#146;s contractors shall be performed in full compliance with Applicable
Laws. Within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after completion of any Alterations, Tenant shall provide Landlord with complete &#147;as built&#148; drawing print sets and electronic CADD files on disc (or files in such other current format in common use as
Landlord reasonably approves or requires) showing any changes in the Premises, as well as a commissioning report prepared by a licensed, qualified commissioning agent hired by Tenant and approved by Landlord for all new or affected mechanical,
electrical and plumbing systems. Any such &#147;as built&#148; plans shall show the applicable Alterations as an overlay on the Building <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-built</FONT> plans; <U>provided</U> that Landlord provides the Building
&#147;as built&#148; plans to Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before commencing any Alterations or Tenant Improvements, Tenant shall
(a)&nbsp;give Landlord at least thirty (30)&nbsp;days&#146; prior written notice of the proposed commencement of such work and the names and addresses of the persons supply labor or materials therefor so that Landlord may enter the Premises to post
and keep posted thereon and therein notices or to take any further action that Landlord may reasonably deem proper for the protection of Landlord&#146;s interest in the Project and (b)&nbsp;shall, if required by Landlord, secure, at Tenant&#146;s
own cost and expense, a completion and lien indemnity bond satisfactory to Landlord for such work (<U>provided</U> that Landlord shall only be permitted to impose such requirement in connection with Alterations costing in excess of Seventy-Five
Thousand Dollars ($75,000)). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall repair any damage to the Premises caused by Tenant&#146;s removal
of any property from the Premises. During any such restoration period, Tenant shall pay Rent to Landlord as provided herein as if such space were otherwise occupied by Tenant. The provisions of this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier
termination of this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Premises plus any Alterations; Signage; Tenant Improvements; attached
equipment, decorations, fixtures and trade fixtures; laboratory casework and related appliances; and other additions and improvements attached to or built into the Premises made by either of the parties (including all floor and wall coverings;
paneling; sinks and related plumbing fixtures; fixed laboratory benches; exterior venting fume hoods; <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">walk-in</FONT> freezers and refrigerators; ductwork; conduits; electrical panels and circuits; attached machinery
and equipment; and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">built-in</FONT> furniture and cabinets, in each case, together with all additions and accessories thereto), shall (unless, prior to such construction or installation, Landlord elects otherwise in
writing) at all </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">27 </P>


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times remain the property of Landlord, shall remain in the Premises and shall (unless, prior to construction or installation thereof, Landlord elects otherwise in writing) be surrendered to
Landlord upon the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. For the avoidance of doubt, the items listed on <U>Exhibit H</U> attached hereto (which <U>Exhibit H</U> may be updated by Tenant from and after the Term Commencement Date, subject
to Landlord&#146;s written consent) constitute Tenant&#146;s property and shall be removed by Tenant upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article to the contrary, in no event shall Tenant remove any
improvement from the Premises in which any Lender has a security interest or as to which Landlord contributed payment, including the Tenant Improvements, without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, which consent Landlord may withhold in its sole
and absolute discretion; provided that Landlord hereby confirms that the items listed on <U>Exhibit H</U> remain the property of Tenant and may be removed by Tenant in its sole discretion (subject to the terms, conditions and provisions set forth in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;17.6</U> above). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant shall fail to remove any of its property from the
Premises prior to the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, then Landlord may, at its option, remove the same in any manner that Landlord shall choose and store such effects without liability to Tenant for loss thereof or damage thereto,
and Tenant shall pay Landlord, upon demand, any costs and expenses incurred due to such removal and storage or Landlord may, at its sole option and without notice to Tenant, sell such property or any portion thereof at private sale and without legal
process for such price as Landlord may obtain and apply the proceeds of such sale against any (a)&nbsp;amounts due by Tenant to Landlord under this Lease and (b)&nbsp;any expenses incident to the removal, storage and sale of such personal property.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to three percent (3%) of the cost to Tenant of all Alterations
to cover Landlord&#146;s overhead and expenses for plan review, engineering review, coordination, scheduling and supervision thereof or obtaining any required Lender consent. For purposes of payment of such sum, Tenant shall submit to Landlord
copies of all bills, invoices and statements covering the costs of such charges, accompanied by payment to Landlord of the fee set forth in this Section. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any extra expenses incurred by Landlord by reason of faulty
work done by Tenant or its contractors, or by reason of delays caused by such work, or by reason of inadequate <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">clean-up.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within sixty (60)&nbsp;days after final completion of any Alterations performed by Tenant with respect to the
Premises, Tenant shall submit to Landlord documentation showing the amounts expended by Tenant with respect to such Alterations, together with supporting documentation reasonably acceptable to Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall take, and shall cause its contractors to take, commercially reasonable steps to protect the
Premises during the performance of any Alterations or Tenant Improvements, including covering or temporarily removing any window coverings so as to guard against dust, debris or damage. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">28 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall require its contractors and subcontractors performing
work on the Premises to name Landlord and its affiliates and Lenders as additional insureds on their respective insurance policies. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, Tenant shall have no obligation to remove any
portion of the Tenant Improvements or any subsequent Alterations approved by Landlord, unless Landlord shall have notified Tenant in writing that removal at the end of the Term would be required at the time of Landlord&#146;s consent to such Tenant
Improvements or Alterations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Repairs and Maintenance</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall repair and maintain in good condition and repair the structural and exterior portions and Common
Area of the Building and the Project, including roofing and covering materials; foundations (excluding any architectural slabs, but including any structural slabs); exterior walls; plumbing; fire sprinkler systems (if any); the chiller(s) located on
the roof of the Building which do not exclusively serve the Premises or any other tenant&#146;s premises; elevators; and base Building electrical systems installed or furnished by Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except for services of Landlord, if any, required by <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;18.1</U>, Tenant shall at
Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense maintain and keep the Premises (including but not limited to the HVAC systems serving the Premises (other than the chiller(s) to be maintained by Landlord pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;18.</U><U>1</U> above), any
supplemental HVAC serving the Premises, and any other systems or equipment exclusively serving the Premises) and every part thereof in good condition and repair, damage thereto from ordinary wear and tear excepted, and shall, within ten
(10)&nbsp;days after receipt of written notice from Landlord, provide to Landlord any maintenance records that Landlord reasonably requests. Tenant shall, upon the expiration or sooner termination of the Term, surrender the Premises to Landlord in
as good a condition as when received, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and with the Tenant Improvements in as good a condition as existed on the Term Commencement Date; and shall, at Landlord&#146;s request and Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense,
remove all telephone and data systems, wiring and equipment from the Premises, and repair any damage to the Premises caused thereby. Landlord shall have no obligation to alter, remodel, improve, repair, decorate or paint the Premises or any part
thereof, other than pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Work Letter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall not be liable
for any failure to make any repairs or to perform any maintenance that is Landlord&#146;s obligation pursuant to this Lease unless such failure shall persist for an unreasonable time after Tenant provides Landlord with written notice of the need of
such repairs or maintenance. Tenant waives its rights under Applicable Laws now or hereafter in effect to make repairs at Landlord&#146;s expense. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If any excavation shall be made upon land adjacent to or under the Building, or shall be authorized to be made,
Tenant shall afford to the person causing or authorized to cause such excavation, license to enter the Premises for the purpose of performing such work as such person shall deem necessary or desirable to preserve and protect the Building from injury
or damage and to support the same by proper foundations, without any claim for damages or liability against Landlord and without reducing or otherwise affecting Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Lease. Landlord will use commercially reasonable
efforts to minimize any disruption to Tenant&#146;s business operations due to work performed in accordance with this Section. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">29 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Article relates to repairs and maintenance arising in the
ordinary course of operation of the Building and the Project. In the event of a casualty described in <U>Article 24</U>, <U>Article 24</U> shall apply in lieu of this Article. In the event of eminent domain, <U>Article 25</U> shall apply in lieu of
this Article. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Costs incurred by Landlord pursuant to this Article shall constitute Operating Expenses to the
extent permitted by Section&nbsp;9.1. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Liens</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to the immediately succeeding sentence, Tenant shall keep the Premises, the Building and the Project free
from any liens arising out of work or services performed, materials furnished to or obligations incurred by Tenant. Tenant further covenants and agrees that any mechanic&#146;s or materialman&#146;s lien filed against the Premises, the Building or
the Project for work or services claimed to have been done for, or materials claimed to have been furnished to, or obligations incurred by Tenant shall be discharged or bonded by Tenant within twenty (20)&nbsp;days after the filing thereof, at
Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Should Tenant fail to discharge or bond against any lien of the nature
described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;19.1</U>, Landlord may, at Landlord&#146;s election, pay such claim or post a statutory lien bond or otherwise provide security to eliminate the lien as a claim against title, and Tenant shall immediately
reimburse Landlord for the costs thereof as Additional Rent. Tenant shall Indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees from and against any Claims arising from any such liens, including any administrative, court or other legal proceedings related to such
liens. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event that Tenant leases or finances the acquisition of office equipment, furnishings or other
personal property of a removable nature utilized by Tenant in the operation of Tenant&#146;s business, Tenant warrants that any Uniform Commercial Code financing statement shall, upon its face or by exhibit thereto, indicate that such financing
statement is applicable only to removable personal property of Tenant located within the Premises. In no event shall the address of the Premises, the Building or the Project be furnished on a financing statement without qualifying language as to
applicability of the lien only to removable personal property located in an identified suite leased by Tenant. Should any holder of a financing statement record or place of record a financing statement that appears to constitute a lien against any
interest of Landlord or against equipment that may be located other than within an identified suite leased by Tenant, Tenant shall, within ten (10)&nbsp;days after filing such financing statement, cause (a)&nbsp;a copy of the lender security
agreement or other documents to which the financing statement pertains to be furnished to Landlord to facilitate Landlord&#146;s ability to demonstrate that the lien of such financing statement is not applicable to Landlord&#146;s interest and
(b)&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s lender to amend such financing statement and any other documents of record to clarify that any liens imposed thereby are not applicable to any interest of Landlord in the Premises, the Building or the Project. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">30 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">20.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Estoppel Certificate</U>. Tenant shall, within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after
receipt of written notice from Landlord, execute, acknowledge and deliver a statement in writing substantially in the form attached to this Lease as <U>Exhibit I</U>, or on any other form reasonably requested by a current or proposed Lender or
encumbrancer or proposed purchaser, (a)&nbsp;certifying that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or, if modified, stating the nature of such modification and certifying that this Lease as so modified is in full force and effect)
and the dates to which rental and other charges are paid in advance, if any, (b)&nbsp;acknowledging that there are not, to Tenant&#146;s knowledge, any uncured defaults on the part of Landlord hereunder, or specifying such defaults if any are
claimed, and (c)&nbsp;setting forth such further information with respect to this Lease or the Premises as may be requested thereon. Any such statements may be relied upon by any prospective purchaser or encumbrancer of all or any portion of the
Property. Tenant&#146;s failure to deliver any such statement within such the prescribed time shall, at Landlord&#146;s option, constitute a Default (as defined below) under this Lease, and, in any event, shall be binding upon Tenant that the Lease
is in full force and effect and without modification except as may be represented by Landlord in any certificate prepared by Landlord and delivered to Tenant for execution. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Hazardous Materials</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not cause or permit any Hazardous Materials (as defined below) to be brought upon, kept or used in or
about the Premises, the Building or the Project in violation of Applicable Laws by Tenant or any of its employees, agents, contractors or invitees (collectively with Tenant, each a &#147;<U>Tenant Party</U>&#148;). If (a)&nbsp;Tenant breaches such
obligation, (b)&nbsp;the presence of Hazardous Materials as a result of such a breach results in contamination of the Project, any portion thereof, or any adjacent property, (c)&nbsp;contamination of the Premises otherwise occurs during the Term or
any extension or renewal hereof or holding over hereunder (other than if such contamination results from migration of Hazardous Materials from outside the Premises not caused by a Tenant Party) or (d)&nbsp;contamination of the Project occurs as a
result of Hazardous Materials that are placed on or under or are released into the Project by a Tenant Party, then Tenant shall Indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees from and against any and all Claims of any kind or nature, including
(w)&nbsp;diminution in value of the Project or any portion thereof, (x)&nbsp;damages for the loss or restriction on use of rentable or usable space or of any amenity of the Project, (y)&nbsp;damages arising from any adverse impact on marketing of
space in the Project or any portion thereof and (z)&nbsp;sums paid in settlement of Claims that arise before, during or after the Term as a result of such breach or contamination. This Indemnification by Tenant includes costs incurred in connection
with any investigation of site conditions or any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">clean-up,</FONT> remedial, removal or restoration work required by any Governmental Authority because of Hazardous Materials for which Tenant is responsible under the
terms of this Section present in the air, soil or groundwater above, on, under or about the Project. Without limiting the foregoing, if the presence of any Hazardous Materials in, on, under or about the Project, any portion thereof or any adjacent
property caused or permitted by any Tenant Party results in any contamination of the Project, any portion thereof or any adjacent property, then Tenant shall promptly take all actions at its sole cost and expense as are necessary to return the
Project, any portion thereof or any adjacent property to its respective condition existing prior to the time of such contamination; <U>provided</U> that Landlord&#146;s written approval of such action shall first be obtained, which approval Landlord
shall not unreasonably withhold; and <U>provided</U>, further, that it shall be reasonable for Landlord to withhold its consent if such actions could have a material adverse long-term or </P>
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short-term effect on the Project, any portion thereof or any adjacent property. Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Section shall not be affected, reduced or limited by any limitation on the
amount or type of damages, compensation or benefits payable by or for Tenant under workers&#146; compensation acts, disability benefit acts, employee benefit acts or similar legislation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord acknowledges that it is not the intent of this Article to prohibit Tenant from operating its business
for the Permitted Use. Tenant may operate its business according to the custom of Tenant&#146;s industry so long as the use or presence of Hazardous Materials is strictly and properly monitored in accordance with Applicable Laws. As a material
inducement to Landlord to allow Tenant to use Hazardous Materials in connection with its business, Tenant agrees to deliver to Landlord (a)&nbsp;a list identifying each type of Hazardous Material to be present at the Premises that is subject to
regulation under any environmental Applicable Laws in the form of a Tier II form pursuant to Section&nbsp;312 of the Emergency Planning and Community <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Right-to-Know</FONT></FONT> Act
of 1986 (or any successor statute) or any other form reasonably requested by Landlord, (b)&nbsp;a list of any and all approvals or permits from Governmental Authorities required in connection with the presence of such Hazardous Material at the
Premises and (c)&nbsp;correct and complete copies of (i)&nbsp;notices of violations of Applicable Laws related to Hazardous Materials and (ii)&nbsp;plans relating to the installation of any storage tanks to be installed in, on, under or about the
Project (<U>provided</U> that installation of storage tanks shall only be permitted after Landlord has given Tenant its written consent to do so, which consent Landlord may withhold in its sole and absolute discretion) and closure plans or any other
documents required by any and all Governmental Authorities for any storage tanks installed in, on, under or about the Project for the closure of any such storage tanks (collectively, &#147;<U>Hazardous Materials Documents</U>&#148;). Tenant shall
deliver to Landlord updated Hazardous Materials Documents, within fourteen (14)&nbsp;days after receipt of a written request therefor from Landlord, not more often than once per year, unless (m)&nbsp;there are any changes to the Hazardous Materials
Documents or (n)&nbsp;Tenant initiates any Alterations or changes its business, in either case in a way that involves any material increase in the types or amounts of Hazardous Materials, in which case Tenant shall deliver updated Hazardous
Materials documents (without Landlord having to request them) before or, if not practicable to do so before, as soon as reasonably practicable after the occurrence of the events in <U>Subsection 21.2(m) or (n)</U>. For each type of Hazardous
Material listed, the Hazardous Materials Documents shall include (t)&nbsp;the chemical name, (u)&nbsp;the material state (e.g., solid, liquid, gas or cryogen), (v) the concentration, (w)&nbsp;the storage amount and storage condition (e.g., in
cabinets or not in cabinets), (x) the use amount and use condition (e.g., open use or closed use), (y) the location (e.g., room number or other identification) and (z)&nbsp;if known, the chemical abstract service number. Notwithstanding anything in
this Section to the contrary, Tenant shall not be required to provide Landlord with any documents containing information of a proprietary nature, unless such documents contain a reference to Hazardous Materials or activities related to Hazardous
Materials. Landlord may, at Landlord&#146;s expense, cause the Hazardous Materials Documents to be reviewed by a person or firm qualified to analyze Hazardous Materials to confirm compliance with the provisions of this Lease and with Applicable
Laws. In the event that a review of the Hazardous Materials Documents indicates <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> with this Lease or Applicable Laws, Tenant shall, at its expense, diligently take steps to bring its storage and
use of Hazardous Materials into compliance. Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary or Landlord&#146;s review into Tenant&#146;s Hazardous Materials Documents or use or disposal of hazardous materials, however, Landlord shall not have
and expressly disclaims any liability </P>
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related to Tenant&#146;s or other tenants&#146; use or disposal of Hazardous Materials, it being acknowledged by Tenant that Tenant is best suited to evaluate the safety and efficacy of its
Hazardous Materials usage and procedures. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant represents and warrants to Landlord that is not nor has it
been, in connection with the use, disposal or storage of Hazardous Materials, (a)&nbsp;subject to a material enforcement order issued by any Governmental Authority or (b)&nbsp;required to take any remedial action. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At any time, and from time to time, prior to the expiration of the Term, Landlord shall have the right to conduct
appropriate tests of the Project or any portion thereof to demonstrate that Hazardous Materials are present or that contamination has occurred due to the acts or omissions of a Tenant Party. Tenant shall pay all reasonable costs of such tests if
such tests reveal that Hazardous Materials exist at the Project as a result of a violation of this Lease by Tenant or any Tenant Party. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If underground or other storage tanks storing Hazardous Materials installed or utilized by Tenant are located on
the Premises, or are hereafter placed on the Premises by Tenant (or by any other party, if such storage tanks are utilized by Tenant), then Tenant shall monitor the storage tanks, maintain appropriate records, implement reporting procedures,
properly close any underground storage tanks, and take or cause to be taken all other steps necessary or required under the Applicable Laws. Tenant shall have no responsibility or liability for underground or other storage tanks installed by anyone
other than Tenant unless Tenant utilizes such tanks, in which case Tenant&#146;s responsibility for such tanks shall be as set forth in this Section. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall promptly report to Landlord any actual or suspected presence of mold or water intrusion at the
Premises of which Tenant becomes aware. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Article shall survive the
expiration or earlier termination of the Lease. During any period of time needed by Tenant or Landlord after the termination of this Lease to complete the removal from the Premises of any such Hazardous Materials, Tenant shall be deemed a holdover
tenant and subject to the provisions of <U>Article 27</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As used herein, the term &#147;<U>Hazardous
Material</U>&#148; means any toxic, explosive, corrosive, flammable, infectious, radioactive, carcinogenic, mutagenic or otherwise hazardous substance, material or waste that is or becomes regulated by Applicable Laws or any Governmental Authority.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Lease, Landlord shall have sole control over the equitable
allocation of fire control areas (as defined in the Uniform Building Code as adopted by the city or municipality(ies) in which the Project is located (the &#147;<U>UBC</U>&#148;)) within the Project for the storage of Hazardous Materials.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Lease, the quantity of Hazardous Materials allowed by this Section is specific to Tenant and shall not run with the Lease in the event of a Transfer (as defined in <U>Article 29</U>). In the event of
a Transfer, if the use of Hazardous Materials by such new tenant (&#147;<U>New Tenant</U>&#148;) is such that New Tenant utilizes fire control areas in the Project in excess of New Tenant&#146;s Pro </P>

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Rata Share of the Building or the Project, as applicable, then New Tenant shall, at its sole cost and expense and upon Landlord&#146;s written request, establish and maintain a separate area of
the Premises classified by the UBC as an &#147;H&#148; occupancy area for the use and storage of Hazardous Materials, or take such other action as is necessary to ensure that its share of the fire control areas of the Building and the Project is not
greater than New Tenant&#146;s Pro Rata Share of the Building or the Project, as applicable. Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary, Landlord shall not have and expressly disclaims any liability related to Tenant&#146;s or other
tenants&#146; use or disposal of fire control areas, it being acknowledged by Tenant that Tenant and other tenants are best suited to evaluate the safety and efficacy of its Hazardous Materials usage and procedures. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Odors and Exhaust</U>. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord would not enter into this Lease with Tenant unless Tenant assured
Landlord that under no circumstances will any other occupants of the Building or the Project (including persons legally present in any outdoor areas of the Project) be subjected to odors or fumes (whether or not noxious), and that the Building and
the Project will not be damaged by any exhaust, in each case from Tenant&#146;s operations, including in Tenant&#146;s vivarium. Landlord and Tenant therefore agree as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not cause or permit (or conduct any activities that would cause) any release of any odors or fumes
of any kind from the Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Building has a ventilation system that, in Landlord&#146;s judgment,
is adequate, suitable, and appropriate to vent the Premises in a manner that does not release odors affecting any indoor or outdoor part of the Project, Tenant shall vent the Premises through such system. If Landlord at any time reasonably
determines that any existing ventilation system is inadequate, or if no ventilation system exists, Tenant shall in compliance with Applicable Laws vent all fumes and odors from the Premises (and remove odors from Tenant&#146;s exhaust stream) as
Landlord reasonably requires. The placement and configuration of all ventilation exhaust pipes, louvers and other equipment shall be subject to Landlord&#146;s reasonable approval. Tenant acknowledges Landlord&#146;s legitimate desire to maintain
the Project (indoor and outdoor areas) in an odor-free manner, and Landlord may require Tenant to abate and remove all odors in a manner that goes beyond the requirements of Applicable Laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense, provide odor eliminators and other devices (such as
filters, air cleaners, scrubbers and whatever other equipment may in Landlord&#146;s reasonable judgment be necessary or appropriate from time to time) to completely remove, eliminate and abate any odors, fumes or other substances in Tenant&#146;s
exhaust stream that, in Landlord&#146;s judgment, emanate from Tenant&#146;s Premises. Any work Tenant performs under this Section shall constitute Alterations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s responsibility to remove, eliminate and abate odors, fumes and exhaust shall continue throughout
the Term. Landlord&#146;s approval of the Tenant Improvements shall not preclude Landlord from requiring additional measures to eliminate odors, fumes and other adverse impacts of Tenant&#146;s exhaust stream (as Landlord may reasonably designate in
Landlord&#146;s reasonable discretion). Tenant shall install additional equipment as Landlord reasonably requires from time to time under the preceding sentence. Such installations shall constitute Alterations. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant fails to install satisfactory odor control equipment
within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after Landlord&#146;s demand made at any time, then Landlord may, without limiting Landlord&#146;s other rights and remedies, require Tenant to cease and suspend any operations in the Premises that, in
Landlord&#146;s reasonable determination, cause odors, fumes or exhaust. For example, if Landlord determines that Tenant&#146;s production of a certain type of product causes odors, fumes or exhaust, and Tenant does not install satisfactory odor
control equipment within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after Landlord&#146;s request, then Landlord may require Tenant to stop producing such type of product in the Premises unless and until Tenant has installed odor control equipment satisfactory to
Landlord. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Insurance; Waiver of Subrogation</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall maintain insurance for the Building and the Project in amounts equal to full replacement cost
(exclusive of the costs of excavation, foundations and footings, engineering costs or such other costs to the extent the same are not incurred in the event of a rebuild and without reference to depreciation taken by Landlord upon its books or tax
returns) or such lesser coverage as Landlord may elect, <U>provided</U> that such coverage shall not be less than the amount of such insurance Landlord&#146;s Lender, if any, requires Landlord to maintain, providing protection against any peril
generally included within the classification &#147;Fire and Extended Coverage,&#148; together with insurance against sprinkler damage (if applicable), vandalism and malicious mischief. Landlord, subject to availability thereof, shall further insure,
if Landlord deems it appropriate, coverage against flood, environmental hazard, earthquake, loss or failure of building equipment, rental loss during the period of repairs or rebuilding, Workers&#146; Compensation insurance and fidelity bonds for
employees employed to perform services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Landlord may, but shall not be deemed required to, provide insurance for any improvements installed by Tenant or that are in addition to the standard improvements customarily
furnished by Landlord, without regard to whether or not such are made a part of or are affixed to the Building. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition, Landlord shall carry Commercial General Liability insurance with limits of not less than One Million
Dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence/general aggregate for bodily injury (including death), or property damage with respect to the Project. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall, at its own cost and expense, procure and maintain during the Term the following insurance for the
benefit of Tenant and Landlord (as their interests may appear) with insurers financially acceptable and lawfully authorized to do business in the state where the Premises are located: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial General Liability insurance on a broad-based occurrence coverage form, with coverages including but not
limited to bodily injury (including death), property damage (including loss of use resulting therefrom), premises/operations, personal&nbsp;&amp; advertising injury, and contractual liability with limits of liability of not less than $2,000,000 for
bodily injury and property damage per occurrence, $2,000,000 general aggregate, which limits may be met by use of excess and/or umbrella liability insurance <U>provided</U> that such coverage is at least as broad as the primary coverages required
herein. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">35 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial Automobile Liability insurance covering liability arising
from the use or operation of any auto, including those owned, hired or otherwise operated or used by or on behalf of the Tenant. The coverage shall be on a broad-based occurrence form with combined single limits of not less than $1,000,000 per
accident for bodily injury and property damage. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial Property insurance covering property damage to the
full replacement cost value and business interruption. Covered property shall include all tenant improvements in the Premises (to the extent not insured by Landlord pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;23.1</U>) and Tenant&#146;s Property
including personal property, furniture, fixtures, machinery, equipment, stock, inventory and improvements and betterments, which may be owned by Tenant or Landlord and required to be insured hereunder, or which may be leased, rented, borrowed or in
the care custody or control of Tenant, or Tenant&#146;s employees. Such insurance, with respect only to all Tenant Improvements, Alterations or other work performed on the Premises by Tenant (collectively, &#147;<U>Tenant Work</U>&#148;), shall name
Landlord and Landlord&#146;s current and future mortgagees as loss payees as their interests may appear. Such insurance shall be written on an &#147;all risk&#148; of physical loss or damage basis including the perils of fire, extended coverage,
electrical injury, mechanical breakdown, windstorm, vandalism, malicious mischief, sprinkler leakage, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">back-up</FONT> of sewers or drains, flood, earthquake and such other risks Landlord may from time to time
designate, for the full replacement cost value of the covered items with an agreed amount endorsement with no <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-insurance.</FONT> Business interruption coverage shall have limits sufficient to cover Tenant&#146;s
lost profits and necessary continuing expenses, including rents due Landlord under the Lease. The minimum period of indemnity for business interruption coverage shall be twelve (12)&nbsp;months plus twelve (12)&nbsp;months&#146; extended period of
indemnity. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Workers&#146; Compensation insurance as is required by statute or law, or as may be available on a
voluntary basis and Employers&#146; Liability insurance with limits of not less than the following: each accident, Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000); disease ($500,000); disease (each employee), Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Medical malpractice insurance at limits of not less than $1,000,000 each claim during such periods, if any, that
Tenant engages in the practice of medicine at the Premises. For avoidance of doubt, Tenant shall not be required to carry the foregoing medical malpractice insurance so long as Tenant is not (i)&nbsp;treating patients at the Premises,
(ii)&nbsp;conducting clinical trials on human beings at the Premises or (iii)&nbsp;otherwise engaging in the practice of medicine at the Premises. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pollution Legal Liability insurance is required if Tenant stores, handles, generates or treats Hazardous Materials,
as determined solely by Landlord, on or about the Premises. Such coverage shall include bodily injury, sickness, disease, death or mental anguish or shock sustained by any person; property damage including physical injury to or destruction of
tangible property including the resulting loss of use thereof, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">clean-up</FONT> costs, and the loss of use of tangible property that has not been physically injured or destroyed; and defense costs, charges and
expenses incurred in the investigation, adjustment or defense of claims for such compensatory damages. Coverage shall apply to both sudden and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-sudden</FONT> pollution conditions including the discharge,
dispersal, release or escape of smoke, vapors, soot, fumes, acids, alkalis, toxic chemicals, liquids or gases, waste materials or other irritants, contaminants </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">36 </P>


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or pollutants into or upon land, the atmosphere or any watercourse or body of water. Claims-made coverage is permitted, provided the policy retroactive date is continuously maintained prior to
the commencement date of this agreement, and coverage is continuously maintained during all periods in which Tenant occupies the Premises. Coverage shall be maintained with limits of not less than $1,000,000 per incident with a $2,000,000 policy
aggregate and for a period of two (2)&nbsp;years thereafter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During all construction by Tenant at the
Premises, with respect to tenant improvements being constructed (including the Tenant Improvements and any Alterations, insurance required in <U>Exhibit <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">B-1</FONT></U> must be in place. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The insurance required of Tenant by this Article shall be with companies at all times having a current rating of
not less than <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-</FONT> and financial category rating of at least Class&nbsp;VII in &#147;A.M. Best&#146;s Insurance Guide&#148; current edition. Tenant shall obtain for Landlord from the insurance companies/broker
or cause the insurance companies/broker to furnish certificates of insurance evidencing all coverages required herein to Landlord. Tenant shall give twenty (20)&nbsp;days&#146; prior written notice to Landlord if any such policy is to be cancelled
or reduced below the coverage requirements of this Article (except in the event of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-payment</FONT> of premium, in which case ten (10)&nbsp;days&#146; written notice shall be given). All such policies shall be
written as primary policies, not contributing with and not in excess of the coverage that Landlord may carry. Tenant&#146;s required policies shall contain severability of interests clauses stating that, except with respect to limits of insurance,
coverage shall apply separately to each insured or additional insured. Tenant shall, at least twenty-five (25)&nbsp;days prior to the expiration of such policies, furnish Landlord with renewal certificates of insurance or binders. Tenant agrees that
if Tenant does not take out and maintain such insurance, Landlord may (but shall not be required to) procure such insurance on Tenant&#146;s behalf and at its cost to be paid by Tenant as Additional Rent. Commercial General Liability, Commercial
Automobile Liability, Umbrella Liability and Pollution Legal Liability insurance as required above shall name Landlord, BioMed Realty, L.P., and BRE Edison Parent L.P., and their respective officers, employees, agents, general partners, members,
subsidiaries, affiliates and Lenders (&#147;<U>Landlord Parties</U>&#148;) as additional insureds as respects liability arising from work or operations performed by or on behalf of Tenant, Tenant&#146;s use or occupancy of Premises, and ownership,
maintenance or use of vehicles by or on behalf of Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In each instance where insurance is to name
Landlord Parties as additional insureds, Tenant shall, upon Landlord&#146;s written request, also designate and furnish certificates evidencing such Landlord Parties as additional insureds to (a)&nbsp;any Lender of Landlord holding a security
interest in the Building or the Project, (b)&nbsp;the landlord under any lease whereunder Landlord is a tenant of the real property upon which the Building is located if the interest of Landlord is or shall become that of a tenant under a ground
lease rather than that of a fee owner and (c)&nbsp;any management company retained by Landlord to manage the Project. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant assumes the risk of damage to any fixtures, goods, inventory, merchandise, equipment and leasehold
improvements, and Landlord shall not be liable for injury to Tenant&#146;s business or any loss of income therefrom, relative to such damage, all as more particularly set forth within this Lease. Tenant shall, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense,
carry such insurance as Tenant desires for Tenant&#146;s protection with respect to personal property of Tenant or business interruption. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">37 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant and its insurers hereby waive any and all rights of recovery
or subrogation against the Landlord Parties with respect to any loss, damage, claims, suits or demands, howsoever caused, that are covered, or should have been covered, by valid and collectible insurance, including any deductibles or self-insurance
maintained thereunder. If necessary, Tenant agrees to endorse the required insurance policies to permit waivers of subrogation as required hereunder and hold harmless and indemnify the Landlord Parties for any loss or expense incurred as a result of
a failure to obtain such waivers of subrogation from insurers. Such waivers shall continue so long as Tenant&#146;s insurers so permit. Any termination of such a waiver shall be by written notice to Landlord, containing a description of the
circumstances hereinafter set forth in this Section. Tenant, upon obtaining the policies of insurance required or permitted under this Lease, shall give notice to its insurance carriers that the foregoing waiver of subrogation is contained in this
Lease. If such policies shall not be obtainable with such waiver or shall be so obtainable only at a premium over that chargeable without such waiver, then Tenant shall notify Landlord of such conditions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord may require insurance policy limits required under this Lease to be raised to conform with requirements
of Landlord&#146;s Lender. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any costs incurred by Landlord pursuant to this Article shall constitute a
portion of Operating Expenses. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The provisions of this Article shall survive the expiration or earlier
termination of this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Damage or Destruction</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of a partial destruction of (a)&nbsp;the Premises, (b)&nbsp;the Building, (c)&nbsp;the Common Area or
(d)&nbsp;the Project ((a)-(d) collectively, the &#147;<U>Affected Areas</U>&#148;) by fire or other perils covered by extended coverage insurance not exceeding twenty-five percent (25%) of the full insurable value thereof, and <U>provided</U> that
(w)&nbsp;the damage thereto is such that the Affected Areas may be repaired, reconstructed or restored within a period of six (6)&nbsp;months from the date of the happening of such casualty, (x)&nbsp;Landlord shall receive insurance proceeds from
its insurer or Lender sufficient to cover the cost of such repairs, reconstruction and restoration (except for any deductible amount provided by Landlord&#146;s policy, which deductible amount, if paid by Landlord, shall constitute an Operating
Expense), (y) the repair, reconstruction or restoration of the Affected Areas is permitted by all applicable Loan Documents or otherwise consented to by any and all Lenders whose consent is required thereunder, and (z)&nbsp;such casualty was not
intentionally caused by a Tenant Party, then Landlord shall commence and proceed diligently with the work of repair, reconstruction and restoration of the Affected Areas and this Lease shall continue in full force and effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of any damage to or destruction of the Building or the Project other than as described in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;24.1</U>, Landlord may elect to repair, reconstruct and restore the Building or the Project, as applicable, in which case this Lease shall continue in full force and </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">38 </P>


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effect. If Landlord elects not to repair, reconstruct and restore the Building or the Project, as applicable, then this Lease shall terminate as of the date of such damage or destruction. In the
event of any damage or destruction (regardless of whether such damage is governed by <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;24.1</U> or this Section), if (a)&nbsp;in Landlord&#146;s determination as set forth in the Damage Repair Estimate (as defined below),
the Affected Areas cannot be repaired, reconstructed or restored within twelve (12)&nbsp;months after the date of the Damage Repair Estimate, (b)&nbsp;subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;24.6</U>, the Affected Areas are not actually repaired,
reconstructed and restored within eighteen (18)&nbsp;months after the date of the Damage Repair Estimate, or (c)&nbsp;the damage and destruction occurs within the last twelve (12)&nbsp;months of the then-current Term, then Tenant shall have the
right to terminate this Lease, effective as of the date of such damage or destruction, by delivering to Landlord its written notice of termination (a &#147;<U>Termination Notice</U>&#148;) (y) with respect to <U>Subsections 24.2(a)</U> and
<U>(c)</U>, no later than fifteen (15)&nbsp;days after Landlord delivers to Tenant Landlord&#146;s Damage Repair Estimate and (z)&nbsp;with respect to <U>Subsection 24.2(b)</U>, no later than fifteen (15)&nbsp;days after such eighteen
(18)&nbsp;month period (as the same may be extended pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;24.6</U>) expires. If Tenant provides Landlord with a Termination Notice pursuant to <U>Subsection 24.2(z)</U>, Landlord shall have an additional thirty
(30)&nbsp;days after receipt of such Termination Notice to complete the repair, reconstruction and restoration. If Landlord does not complete such repair, reconstruction and restoration within such thirty (30)&nbsp;day period, then Tenant may
terminate this Lease by giving Landlord written notice within two (2)&nbsp;business days after the expiration of such thirty (30)&nbsp;day period. If Landlord does complete such repair, reconstruction and restoration within such thirty (30)&nbsp;day
period, then this Lease shall continue in full force and effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As soon as reasonably practicable, but in
any event within sixty (60)&nbsp;days following the date of damage or destruction, Landlord shall notify Tenant of Landlord&#146;s good faith estimate of the period of time in which the repairs, reconstruction and restoration will be completed (the
&#147;<U>Damage Repair Estimate</U>&#148;), which estimate shall be based upon the opinion of a contractor reasonably selected by Landlord and experienced in comparable repair, reconstruction and restoration of similar buildings. Additionally,
Landlord shall give written notice to Tenant within sixty (60)&nbsp;days following the date of damage or destruction of its election not to repair, reconstruct or restore the Building or the Project, as applicable. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon any termination of this Lease under any of the provisions of this Article, the parties shall be released
thereby without further obligation to the other from the date possession of the Premises is surrendered to Landlord, except with regard to (a)&nbsp;items occurring prior to the damage or destruction and (b)&nbsp;provisions of this Lease that, by
their express terms, survive the expiration or earlier termination hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of repair,
reconstruction and restoration as provided in this Article, all Rent to be paid by Tenant under this Lease shall be abated proportionately based on the extent to which Tenant&#146;s use of the Premises is impaired during the period of such repair,
reconstruction or restoration, unless Landlord provides Tenant with other space during the period of repair, reconstruction and restoration that, in Tenant&#146;s reasonable opinion, is suitable for the temporary conduct of Tenant&#146;s business;
<U>provided</U>, however, that the amount of such abatement shall be reduced by the amount of Rent that is received by Tenant as part of the business interruption or loss of rental income with respect to the Premises from the proceeds of business
interruption or loss of rental income insurance. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">39 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article,
(a)&nbsp;Landlord shall not be required to repair, reconstruct or restore any damage or destruction to the extent that Landlord is prohibited from doing so by any applicable Loan Document or any Lender whose consent is required thereunder withholds
its consent, and (b)&nbsp;should Landlord be delayed or prevented from completing the repair, reconstruction or restoration of the damage or destruction to the Premises after the occurrence of such damage or destruction by Force Majeure or delays
caused by a Lender or Tenant Party, then the time for Landlord to commence or complete repairs, reconstruction and restoration shall be extended on a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">day-for-day</FONT></FONT> basis;
<U>provided</U>, however, that, at Landlord&#146;s election in the event of an occurrence under clause (b), Landlord shall be relieved of its obligation to make such repairs, reconstruction and restoration upon Landlord&#146;s delivery of written
notice to Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Landlord is obligated to or elects to repair, reconstruct or restore as herein
provided, then Landlord shall be obligated to make such repairs, reconstruction or restoration only with regard to (a)&nbsp;those portions of the Premises that were originally provided at Landlord&#146;s expense and (b)&nbsp;the Common Area portion
of the Affected Areas. The repairs, reconstruction or restoration of improvements not originally provided by Landlord or at Landlord&#146;s expense shall be the obligation of Tenant. In the event Tenant has elected to upgrade certain improvements
from the Building Standard, Landlord shall, upon the need for replacement due to an insured loss, provide only the Building Standard, unless Tenant again elects to upgrade such improvements and pay any incremental costs related thereto, except to
the extent that excess insurance proceeds, if received, are adequate to provide such upgrades, in addition to providing for basic repairs, reconstruction and restoration of the Premises, the Building and the Project. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article, Landlord shall not have any obligation
whatsoever to repair, reconstruct or restore the Premises if the damage resulting from any casualty covered under this Article occurs during the last twelve (12)&nbsp;months of the Term or any extension thereof, or to the extent that insurance
proceeds are not available therefor. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s obligation, should it elect or be obligated to repair,
reconstruct or restore, shall be limited to the Affected Areas, and shall be conditioned upon Landlord receiving any permits or authorizations required by Applicable Laws. Tenant shall, at its expense, replace or fully repair all of Tenant&#146;s
personal property and any Alterations installed by Tenant existing at the time of such damage or destruction. If Affected Areas are to be repaired, reconstructed or restored in accordance with the foregoing, Landlord shall make available to Tenant
any portion of insurance proceeds it receives that are allocable to the Alterations constructed by Tenant pursuant to this Lease; <U>provided</U> Tenant is not then in default under this Lease, and subject to the requirements of any Lender of
Landlord. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Article sets forth the terms and conditions upon which this Lease may terminate in the event
of any damage or destruction. Accordingly, the parties hereby waive the provisions of California Civil Code Sections 1932(2) and 1933(4) (and any successor statutes) permitting the parties to terminate this Lease as a result of any damage or
destruction. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">40 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Eminent Domain</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event (a)&nbsp;the whole of all Affected Areas or (b)&nbsp;such part thereof as shall substantially
interfere with Tenant&#146;s use and occupancy of the Premises for the Permitted Use shall be taken for any public or quasi-public purpose by any lawful power or authority by exercise of the right of appropriation, condemnation or eminent domain, or
sold to prevent such taking, Tenant or Landlord may terminate this Lease effective as of the date possession is required to be surrendered to such authority, except with regard to (y)&nbsp;items occurring prior to the taking and (z)&nbsp;provisions
of this Lease that, by their express terms, survive the expiration or earlier termination hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the
event of a partial taking of (a)&nbsp;the Building or the Project or (b)&nbsp;drives, walkways or parking areas serving the Building or the Project for any public or quasi-public purpose by any lawful power or authority by exercise of right of
appropriation, condemnation, or eminent domain, or sold to prevent such taking, then, without regard to whether any portion of the Premises occupied by Tenant was so taken, Landlord may elect to terminate this Lease (except with regard to
(y)&nbsp;items occurring prior to the taking and (z)&nbsp;provisions of this Lease that, by their express terms, survive the expiration or earlier termination hereof) as of such taking if such taking is, in Landlord&#146;s sole opinion, of a
material nature such as to make it uneconomical to continue use of the unappropriated portion for the Permitted Use. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the extent permitted under all applicable Loan Documents or otherwise consented to by any and all Lenders
whose consent is required thereunder, Tenant shall be entitled to any award that is specifically awarded as compensation for (a)&nbsp;the taking of Tenant&#146;s personal property that was installed at Tenant&#146;s expense and (b)&nbsp;the costs of
Tenant moving to a new location. Except as set forth in the previous sentence, any award for such taking shall be the property of Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, upon any taking of the nature described in this Article, this Lease continues in effect, then Landlord shall
promptly proceed to restore the Affected Areas to substantially their same condition prior to such partial taking. To the extent such restoration is infeasible, as determined by Landlord in its sole and absolute discretion, the Rent shall be
decreased proportionately to reflect the loss of any portion of the Premises no longer available to Tenant. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article, Landlord shall not be required to restore the Affected Areas to the
extent that Landlord is prohibited from doing so by any applicable Loan Document or any Lender whose consent is required thereunder withholds its consent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">25.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Article sets forth the terms and conditions upon which this Lease may terminate in the event of any damage
or destruction. Accordingly, the parties hereby waive the provisions of California Code of Civil Procedure Section&nbsp;1265.130 (and any successor statutes) permitting the parties to terminate this Lease as a result of any damage or destruction.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">26.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Surrender</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">26.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At least thirty (30)&nbsp;days prior to Tenant&#146;s surrender of possession of any part of the Premises, Tenant
shall provide Landlord with a facility decommissioning and Hazardous Materials closure plan for the Premises (&#147;<U>Exit Survey</U>&#148;) prepared by an independent third party </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">41 </P>


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state-certified professional with appropriate expertise, which Exit Survey must be reasonably acceptable to Landlord. The Exit Survey shall comply with the American National Standards
Institute&#146;s Laboratory Decommissioning guidelines (ANSI/AIHA <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Z9.11-2008)</FONT> or any successor standards published by ANSI or any successor organization (or, if ANSI and its successors no longer exist, a
similar entity publishing similar standards). In addition, prior to, and as a condition to, Tenant&#146;s surrender of possession of any part of the Premises, Tenant shall (a)&nbsp;provide Landlord with written evidence of all appropriate
governmental releases obtained by Tenant in accordance with Applicable Laws, including laws pertaining to the surrender of the Premises, (b)&nbsp;place Laboratory Equipment Decontamination Forms on all decommissioned equipment to assure safe
occupancy by future users and (c)&nbsp;conduct a site inspection with Landlord. In addition, Tenant agrees to remain responsible after the surrender of the Premises for the remediation of any recognized environmental conditions set forth in the Exit
Survey (for which Tenant is responsible pursuant to the terms of this Lease) and comply with any recommendations set forth in the Exit Survey. During any period of time needed after the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease to complete the
requirements set forth in this Section, Tenant shall be deemed a holdover tenant and subject to the provisions of <U>Article 27</U>. Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of the Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">26.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No surrender of possession of any part of the Premises shall release Tenant from any of its obligations
hereunder, unless such surrender is accepted in writing by Landlord. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">26.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The voluntary or other surrender of
this Lease by Tenant shall not effect a merger with Landlord&#146;s fee title or leasehold interest in the Premises, the Building, the Property or the Project, unless Landlord consents in writing, and shall, at Landlord&#146;s option, operate as an
assignment to Landlord of any or all subleases. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">26.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The voluntary or other surrender of any ground or other
underlying lease that now exists or may hereafter be executed affecting the Building or the Project, or a mutual cancellation thereof or of Landlord&#146;s interest therein by Landlord and its lessor shall not effect a merger with Landlord&#146;s
fee title or leasehold interest in the Premises, the Building or the Property and shall, at the option of the successor to Landlord&#146;s interest in the Building or the Project, as applicable, operate as an assignment of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Holding Over</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, with Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, Tenant holds possession of all or any part of the Premises after
the Term, Tenant shall become a tenant from month to month after the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, and in such case Tenant shall continue to pay (a)&nbsp;Base Rent in accordance with <U>Article 7</U>, as adjusted in accordance with
<U>Article 8</U>, and (b)&nbsp;any amounts for which Tenant would otherwise be liable under this Lease if the Lease were still in effect, including payments for Tenant&#146;s Adjusted Share of Operating Expenses. Any such <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">month-to-month</FONT></FONT> tenancy shall be subject to every other term, covenant and agreement contained herein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Tenant remains in possession of the Premises after the expiration or earlier
termination of the Term without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">42 </P>


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(a) Tenant shall become a tenant at sufferance subject to the terms and conditions of this Lease, except that the monthly rent shall be equal to one hundred fifty percent (150%) of the Rent in
effect during the last thirty (30)&nbsp;days of the Term, and (b)&nbsp;Tenant shall be liable to Landlord for any and all damages suffered by Landlord as a result of such holdover, including any lost rent or consequential, special and indirect
damages (in each case, regardless of whether such damages are foreseeable). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acceptance by Landlord of Rent
after the expiration or earlier termination of the Term shall not result in an extension, renewal or reinstatement of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The foregoing provisions of this Article are in addition to and do not affect Landlord&#146;s right of reentry or
any other rights of Landlord hereunder or as otherwise provided by Applicable Laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">27.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The provisions of this
Article shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Indemnification and Exculpation</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant agrees to Indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees from and against any and all Claims of any kind or nature,
real or alleged, arising from (a)&nbsp;injury to or death of any person or damage to any property occurring within or about the Premises, the Building, the Property or the Project, arising directly or indirectly out of (i)&nbsp;the presence at or
use or occupancy of the Premises or Project by a Tenant Party, (ii)&nbsp;an act or omission on the part of any Tenant Party, (b)&nbsp;a breach or default by Tenant in the performance of any of its obligations hereunder (including any Claim asserted
by any Lender against any Landlord Indemnitees under any Loan Document as a direct result of such breach or default by Tenant) or (c)&nbsp;injury to or death of persons or damage to or loss of any property, real or alleged, arising from the serving
of alcoholic beverages at the Premises or Project, including liability under any dram shop law, host liquor law or similar Applicable Law, except to the extent directly caused by Landlord&#146;s negligence or willful misconduct. Tenant&#146;s
obligations under this Section shall not be affected, reduced or limited by any limitation on the amount or type of damages, compensation or benefits payable by or for Tenant under workers&#146; compensation acts, disability benefit acts, employee
benefit acts or similar legislation. Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary, Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for and Tenant
assumes all risk of (a)&nbsp;damage or losses caused by fire, electrical malfunction, gas explosion or water damage of any type (including broken water lines, malfunctioning fire sprinkler systems, roof leaks or stoppages of lines), unless any such
loss is due to Landlord&#146;s willful disregard of written notice by Tenant of need for a repair that Landlord is responsible to make for an unreasonable period of time, and (b)&nbsp;damage to personal property or scientific research, including
loss of records kept by Tenant within the Premises (in each case, regardless of whether such damages are foreseeable). Tenant further waives any claim for injury to Tenant&#146;s business or loss of income relating to any such damage or destruction
of personal property as described in this Section. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing or this Lease to the contrary, except (x)&nbsp;as otherwise provided herein (including <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;27.2</U>), (y) as may be
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">43 </P>


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provided by Applicable Laws or (z)&nbsp;in the event of Tenant&#146;s breach of <U>Article 21</U> or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;26.1</U>, in no event shall Landlord or Tenant be liable to the
other for any consequential, special or indirect damages arising out of this Lease, including lost profits (<U>provided</U> that this <U>Subsection 28.2(z)</U> shall not limit Tenant&#146;s liability for Base Rent or Additional Rent pursuant to this
Lease). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord and the Landlord Parties shall not be liable for any damages arising from any act, omission
or neglect of any other tenant in the Building or the Project, or of any other third party. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant
acknowledges that security devices and services, if any, while intended to deter crime, may not in given instances prevent theft or other criminal acts. Landlord shall not be liable for injuries or losses caused by criminal acts of third parties,
and Tenant assumes the risk that any security device or service may malfunction or otherwise be circumvented by a criminal. If Tenant desires protection against such criminal acts, then Tenant shall, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense, obtain
appropriate insurance coverage. Tenant&#146;s security programs and equipment for the Premises shall be coordinated with Landlord and subject to Landlord&#146;s reasonable approval. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">28.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The provisions of this Article shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Assignment or Subletting</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as hereinafter expressly permitted, none of the following (each, a &#147;<U>Transfer</U>&#148;), either
voluntarily or by operation of Applicable Laws, shall be directly or indirectly performed without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent: (a)&nbsp;Tenant selling, hypothecating, assigning, pledging, encumbering or otherwise transferring this Lease or
subletting the Premises or (b)&nbsp;a controlling interest in Tenant being sold, assigned or otherwise transferred (other than as a result of shares in Tenant being sold on a public stock exchange). For purposes of the preceding sentence,
&#147;control&#148; means (a)&nbsp;owning (directly or indirectly) more than fifty percent (50%) of the stock or other equity interests of another person or (b)&nbsp;possessing, directly or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of
the management and policies of such person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Tenant shall have the right to Transfer, without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, Tenant&#146;s interest in this Lease or the Premises or any part thereof to any person
that (i)&nbsp;acquires all or substantially all of the assets of Tenant, (ii)&nbsp;is a successor to Tenant by merger, consolidation or reorganization, or (iii)&nbsp;as of the date of determination and at all times thereafter directly, or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with Tenant (any person described in (i), (ii), or (iii), a &#147;<U>Tenant&#146;s Affiliate</U>&#148;); <U>provided</U> that Tenant shall notify Landlord in
writing at least ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the effectiveness of such Transfer to Tenant&#146;s Affiliate (an &#147;<U>Exempt Transfer</U>&#148;) and otherwise comply with the requirements of this Lease regarding such Transfer; and
<U>provided</U>, further, that the person that will be the tenant under this Lease after the Exempt Transfer has a net worth (as of both the day immediately prior to and the day immediately after the Exempt Transfer) that is equal to or greater than
the greater of (x)&nbsp;the net worth of the transferring Tenant as of the Execution Date, and (z)&nbsp;the lesser of (i)&nbsp;the net worth of the Transferring Tenant as of the date of the Exempt Transfer, and (ii)&nbsp;a net worth of Five Hundred
Million Dollars ($500,000,000). For purposes of the immediately preceding </P>
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sentence, &#147;control&#148; requires both (a)&nbsp;owning (directly or indirectly) more than fifty percent (50%) of the stock or other equity interests of another person and
(b)&nbsp;possessing, directly or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such person. In no event shall Tenant perform a Transfer to or with an entity that is a tenant at the Project or that is in
discussions or negotiations with Landlord or an affiliate of Landlord to lease premises at the Project or a property owned by Landlord or an affiliate of Landlord. Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary, if (a)&nbsp;Tenant or any
proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee of Tenant has been required by any prior landlord, Lender or Governmental Authority to take material remedial action in connection with Hazardous Materials contaminating a property if the contamination
resulted from such party&#146;s action or omission or use of the property in question or (b)&nbsp;Tenant or any proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee is subject to a material enforcement order issued by any Governmental Authority in connection
with the use, disposal or storage of Hazardous Materials, then Landlord shall have the right to terminate this Lease in Landlord&#146;s sole and absolute discretion (with respect to any such matter involving Tenant), and it shall not be unreasonable
for Landlord to withhold its consent to any proposed transfer, assignment or subletting (with respect to any such matter involving a proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event Tenant desires to effect a Transfer, then, at least thirty (30)&nbsp;but not more than ninety
(90)&nbsp;days prior to the date when Tenant desires the Transfer to be effective (the &#147;<U>Transfer Date</U>&#148;), Tenant shall provide written notice to Landlord (the &#147;<U>Transfer Notice</U>&#148;) containing information (including
references) concerning the character of the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee; the Transfer Date; the most recent unconsolidated financial statements of Tenant and of the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee satisfying the
requirements of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;40.2</U> (&#147;<U>Required Financials</U>&#148;); any ownership or commercial relationship between Tenant and the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee; copies of Hazardous Materials Documents for
the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee; and the consideration and all other material terms and conditions of the proposed Transfer, all in such detail as Landlord shall reasonably require. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord, in determining whether consent should be given to a proposed Transfer, may give consideration to
(a)&nbsp;the financial strength of Tenant and of such transferee, assignee or sublessee (notwithstanding Tenant remaining liable for Tenant&#146;s performance), (b) any change in use that such transferee, assignee or sublessee proposes to make in
the use of the Premises and (c)&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s desire to exercise its rights under <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;29.7</U> to cancel this Lease. In no event shall Landlord be deemed to be unreasonable for declining to consent to a Transfer if
any applicable Loan Document prohibits such assignment or any Lender whose consent is required thereunder withholds its consent, or if the Transfer is to a transferee, assignee or sublessee of poor reputation, lacking financial qualifications or
seeking a change in the Permitted Use, or jeopardizing directly or indirectly the status of Landlord or any of Landlord&#146;s affiliates as a Real Estate Investment Trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as the same may be amended from time
to time, the &#147;<U>Revenue Code</U>&#148;). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Lease to the contrary, (w)&nbsp;no Transfer shall be consummated on any basis such that the rental or other amounts to be paid by the occupant, assignee,
manager or other transferee thereunder would be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits derived by the business activities of such occupant, assignee, manager or other transferee; (x)&nbsp;Tenant shall not furnish or render any
</P>
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services to an occupant, assignee, manager or other transferee with respect to whom transfer consideration is required to be paid, or manage or operate the Premises or any capital additions so
transferred, with respect to which transfer consideration is being paid; (y)&nbsp;Tenant shall not consummate a Transfer with any person in which Landlord owns an interest, directly or indirectly (by applying constructive ownership rules set forth
in Section 856(d)(5) of the Revenue Code); and (z)&nbsp;Tenant shall not consummate a Transfer with any person or in any manner that could cause any portion of the amounts received by Landlord pursuant to this Lease or any sublease, license or other
arrangement for the right to use, occupy or possess any portion of the Premises to fail to qualify as &#147;rents from real property&#148; within the meaning of Section 856(d) of the Revenue Code, or any similar or successor provision thereto or
which could cause any other income of Landlord to fail to qualify as income described in Section 856(c)(2) of the Revenue Code. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The following are conditions precedent to a Transfer or to Landlord considering a request by Tenant to a
Transfer: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall remain fully liable under this Lease. Tenant agrees that it shall not be (and shall not
be deemed to be) a guarantor or surety of this Lease, however, and waives its right to claim that is it is a guarantor or surety or to raise in any legal proceeding any guarantor or surety defenses permitted by this Lease or by Applicable Laws; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant or the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee does not or cannot deliver the Required Financials,
then Landlord may elect to have either Tenant&#146;s ultimate parent company or the proposed transferee&#146;s, assignee&#146;s or sublessee&#146;s ultimate parent company provide a guaranty of the applicable entity&#146;s obligations under this
Lease, in a form acceptable to Landlord, which guaranty shall be executed and delivered to Landlord by the applicable guarantor prior to the Transfer Date; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the case of an Exempt Transfer, Tenant shall provide Landlord with evidence reasonably satisfactory to Landlord
that the Transfer qualifies as an Exempt Transfer; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall provide Landlord with evidence reasonably
satisfactory to Landlord that the value of Landlord&#146;s interest under this Lease shall not be diminished or reduced by the proposed Transfer. Such evidence shall include evidence respecting the relevant business experience and financial
responsibility and status of the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall reimburse Landlord
for Landlord&#146;s actual costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys&#146; fees, charges and disbursements incurred in connection with the review, processing and documentation of such request; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except with respect to an Exempt Transfer, if Tenant&#146;s transfer of rights or sharing of the Premises provides
for the receipt by, on behalf of or on account of Tenant of any consideration of any kind whatsoever (including a premium rental for a sublease or lump sum payment for an assignment, but excluding Tenant&#146;s reasonable costs in marketing and
subleasing the Premises) in excess of the rental and other charges due to Landlord under this Lease, Tenant shall pay fifty percent (50%) of all of such excess to Landlord, after making deductions for any
</P>
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reasonable marketing expenses, tenant improvement funds expended by Tenant, alterations, cash concessions, brokerage commissions, attorneys&#146; fees and free rent actually paid by Tenant. If
such consideration consists of cash paid to Tenant, payment to Landlord shall be made upon receipt by Tenant of such cash payment; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee shall agree that, in the event Landlord gives such proposed
transferee, assignee or sublessee notice that Tenant is in default under this Lease, such proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee shall thereafter make all payments otherwise due Tenant directly to Landlord, which payments shall be received by
Landlord without any liability being incurred by Landlord, except to credit such payment against those due by Tenant under this Lease, and any such proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee shall agree to attorn to Landlord or its successors and
assigns should this Lease be terminated for any reason; <U>provided</U>, however, that in no event shall Landlord or its Lenders, successors or assigns be obligated to accept such attornment; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s consent to any such Transfer shall be effected on Landlord&#146;s commercially reasonable forms;
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not then be in Default hereunder in any respect; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee&#146;s use of the Premises shall be the same as the Permitted Use;
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall not be bound by any provision of any agreement pertaining to the Transfer, except for
Landlord&#146;s written consent to the same; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall pay all transfer and other taxes (including interest
and penalties) assessed or payable for any Transfer; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s consent (or waiver of its rights) for any
Transfer shall not waive Landlord&#146;s right to consent or refuse consent to any later Transfer; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant
shall deliver to Landlord one executed copy of any and all written instruments evidencing or relating to the Transfer; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(o)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall deliver to Landlord a list of Hazardous Materials (as defined below), certified by the proposed
transferee, assignee or sublessee to be true and correct, that the proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee intends to use or store in the Premises. Additionally, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord, on or before the date any proposed transferee,
assignee or sublessee takes occupancy of the Premises, all of the items relating to Hazardous Materials of such proposed transferee, assignee or sublessee as described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;21.2</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any Transfer that is not in compliance with the provisions of this Article or with respect to which Tenant does
not fulfill its obligations pursuant to this Article shall be void and shall, at the option of Landlord, terminate this Lease. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding any Transfer, Tenant shall remain fully and
primarily liable for the payment of all Rent and other sums due or to become due hereunder, and for the full performance of all other terms, conditions and covenants to be kept and performed by Tenant. The acceptance of Rent or any other sum due
hereunder, or the acceptance of performance of any other term, covenant or condition thereof, from any person or entity other than Tenant shall not be deemed a waiver of any of the provisions of this Lease or a consent to any Transfer. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant delivers to Landlord a Transfer Notice indicating a desire to transfer this Lease to a proposed
transferee, assignee or sublessee other than pursuant to an Exempt Transfer, then Landlord shall have the option, exercisable by giving notice to Tenant at any time within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after Landlord&#146;s receipt of such Transfer
Notice, to terminate this Lease as of the date specified in the Transfer Notice as the Transfer Date, except for those provisions that, by their express terms, survive the expiration or earlier termination hereof. If Landlord exercises such option,
then Tenant shall have the right to withdraw such Transfer Notice by delivering to Landlord written notice of such election within five (5)&nbsp;days after Landlord&#146;s delivery of notice electing to exercise Landlord&#146;s option to terminate
this Lease. In the event Tenant withdraws the Transfer Notice as provided in this Section, this Lease shall continue in full force and effect. No failure of Landlord to exercise its option to terminate this Lease shall be deemed to be
Landlord&#146;s consent to a proposed Transfer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant sublets the Premises or any portion thereof,
Tenant hereby immediately and irrevocably assigns to Landlord, as security for Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Lease, all rent from any such subletting, and appoints Landlord as assignee and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorney-in-fact</FONT></FONT> for Tenant, and Landlord (or a receiver for Tenant appointed on Landlord&#146;s application) may collect such rent and apply it toward Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Lease;
<U>provided</U> that, until the occurrence of a Default (as defined below) by Tenant, Tenant shall have the right to collect such rent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">29.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event that Tenant enters into a sublease for the entire Premises in accordance with this Article that
expires within two (2)&nbsp;days of the Term Expiration Date, the term expiration date of such sublease shall, notwithstanding anything in this Lease, the sublease or any consent to the sublease to the contrary, be deemed to be the date that is two
(2)&nbsp;days prior to the Term Expiration Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">30.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Subordination and Attornment</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">30.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Lease shall be subject and subordinate to the lien of any mortgage, deed of trust, or lease in which Landlord
is tenant now or hereafter in force against the Building or the Project and to all advances made or hereafter to be made upon the security thereof without the necessity of the execution and delivery of any further instruments on the part of Tenant
to effectuate such subordination. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">30.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding the foregoing, Tenant shall execute and deliver upon
demand such further instrument or instruments evidencing such subordination of this Lease to the lien of any such mortgage or mortgages or deeds of trust or lease in which Landlord is tenant as may be required by Landlord; provided that such
instrument(s) contain commercially reasonable <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disturbance</FONT> language in favor of Tenant. If any Lender so elects, however, this Lease shall be </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">48 </P>


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deemed prior in lien to any such lease, mortgage, or deed of trust upon or including the Premises regardless of date and Tenant shall execute a statement in writing to such effect at
Landlord&#146;s request. If Tenant fails to execute any document required from Tenant under this Section within ten (10)&nbsp;days after written request therefor, Tenant hereby constitutes and appoints Landlord or its special <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorney-in-fact</FONT></FONT> to execute and deliver any such document or documents in the name of Tenant. Such power is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable. For the avoidance of
doubt, &#147;Lenders&#148; shall also include historic tax credit investors and new market tax credit investors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">30.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon written request of Landlord and opportunity for Tenant to review, Tenant agrees to execute any Lease
amendments not materially altering the terms of this Lease, if required by a Lender incident to the financing of the real property of which the Premises constitute a part. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">30.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event any proceedings are brought for foreclosure, or in the event of the exercise of the power of sale
under any mortgage or deed of trust made by Landlord covering the Premises, Tenant shall at the election of the purchaser at such foreclosure or sale attorn to the purchaser upon any such foreclosure or sale and recognize such purchaser as Landlord
under this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Defaults and Remedies</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Late payment by Tenant to Landlord of Rent and other sums due shall cause Landlord to incur costs not contemplated
by this Lease, the exact amount of which shall be extremely difficult and impracticable to ascertain. Such costs include processing and accounting charges and late charges that may be imposed on Landlord by the terms of any mortgage or trust deed
covering the Premises. Therefore, if any installment of Rent due from Tenant is not received by Landlord within three (3)&nbsp;days after the date such payment is due, Tenant shall pay to Landlord (a)&nbsp;an additional sum of five percent (5%) of
the overdue Rent as a late charge plus (b)&nbsp;interest at an annual rate (the &#147;<U>Default Rate</U>&#148;) equal to the lesser of (a)&nbsp;ten percent (10%) and (b)&nbsp;the highest rate permitted by Applicable Laws. The parties agree that
this late charge represents a fair and reasonable estimate of the costs that Landlord shall incur by reason of late payment by Tenant and shall be payable as Additional Rent to Landlord due with the next installment of Rent or within five
(5)&nbsp;business days after Landlord&#146;s demand, whichever is earlier. Landlord&#146;s acceptance of any Additional Rent (including a late charge or any other amount hereunder) shall not be deemed an extension of the date that Rent is due or
prevent Landlord from pursuing any other rights or remedies under this Lease, at law or in equity. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section, Tenant shall not be obligated to pay a late charge pursuant to this Section for the first (1<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">st</SUP>) late payment of Rent during any twelve (12)&nbsp;month period during the Term, unless Tenant fails to make such payment within five (5)&nbsp;days after Tenant&#146;s receipt of notice from Landlord
regarding such late payment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No payment by Tenant or receipt by Landlord of a lesser amount than the Rent
payment herein stipulated shall be deemed to be other than on account of the Rent, nor shall any endorsement or statement on any check or any letter accompanying any check or payment as Rent be deemed an accord and satisfaction, and Landlord may
accept such check or payment without prejudice to Landlord&#146;s right to recover the balance of such Rent or pursue any other </P>
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remedy provided in this Lease or in equity or at law. If a dispute shall arise as to any amount or sum of money to be paid by Tenant to Landlord hereunder, Tenant shall have the right to make
payment &#147;under protest,&#148; such payment shall not be regarded as a voluntary payment, and there shall survive the right on the part of Tenant to institute suit for recovery of the payment paid under protest. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant fails to pay any sum of money required to be paid by it hereunder or perform any other act on its part
to be performed hereunder, in each case within the applicable cure period (if any) described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;31.4</U>, then Landlord may (but shall not be obligated to), without waiving or releasing Tenant from any obligations of
Tenant, make such payment or perform such act; <U>provided</U> that such failure by Tenant unreasonably interfered with the use of the Building or the Project by any other tenant or with the efficient operation of the Building or the Project, or
resulted or could have resulted in a violation of Applicable Laws or the cancellation of an insurance policy maintained by Landlord. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of an emergency, Landlord shall have the right to enter the Premises and
act in accordance with its rights as provided elsewhere in this Lease. In addition to the late charge described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;31.1</U>, Tenant shall pay to Landlord as Additional Rent all sums so paid or incurred by Landlord,
together with interest at the Default Rate, computed from the date such sums were paid or incurred. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute a &#147;<U>Default</U>&#148; hereunder by Tenant: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant abandons the Premises; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant fails to make any payment of Rent, as and when due, or to satisfy its obligations under <U>Article 19</U>,
where such failure shall continue for a period of three (3)&nbsp;days after written notice thereof from Landlord to Tenant; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant fails to observe or perform any obligation or covenant contained herein (other than described in <U>Sections
31.4(a)</U> and <U>31.4(b)</U>) to be performed by Tenant, where such failure continues for a period of ten (10)&nbsp;days after written notice thereof from Landlord to Tenant; <U>provided</U> that, if the nature of Tenant&#146;s default is such
that it reasonably requires more than ten (10)&nbsp;days to cure, Tenant shall not be deemed to be in Default if Tenant commences such cure within such ten (10)&nbsp;day period and thereafter diligently prosecutes the same to completion; and
<U>provided</U>, further, that such cure is completed no later than sixty (60)&nbsp;days after Tenant&#146;s receipt of written notice from Landlord; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A receiver, trustee or custodian is appointed to or does take title, possession or control of all or substantially
all of Tenant&#146;s assets; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant files a voluntary petition under the United States Bankruptcy Code or any
successor statute (as the same may be amended from time to time, the &#147;<U>Bankruptcy Code</U>&#148;) or an order for relief is entered against Tenant pursuant to a voluntary or involuntary proceeding commenced under any chapter of the Bankruptcy
Code; </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">50 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any involuntary petition is filed against Tenant under any chapter of
the Bankruptcy Code and is not dismissed within one hundred twenty (120)&nbsp;days; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant fails to deliver an
estoppel certificate in accordance with <U>Article 20</U>; or </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s interest in this Lease is
attached, executed upon or otherwise judicially seized and such action is not released within one hundred twenty (120)&nbsp;days of the action. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notices
given under this Section shall specify the alleged default and shall demand that Tenant perform the provisions of this Lease or pay the Rent that is in arrears, as the case may be, within the applicable period of time, or quit the Premises. No such
notice shall be deemed a forfeiture or a termination of this Lease unless Landlord elects otherwise in such notice. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of a Default by Tenant, and at any time thereafter, with or without notice or demand and without
limiting Landlord in the exercise of any right or remedy that Landlord may have, Landlord has the right to do any or all of the following: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Halt any Tenant Improvements and Alterations and order Tenant&#146;s contractors, subcontractors, consultants,
designers and material suppliers to stop work; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Terminate Tenant&#146;s right to possession of the Premises by
written notice to Tenant or by any lawful means, in which case Tenant shall immediately surrender possession of the Premises to Landlord. In such event, Landlord shall have the immediate right to <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-enter</FONT> and
remove all persons and property, and such property may be removed and stored in a public warehouse or elsewhere at the cost and for the account of Tenant, all without service of notice or resort to legal process and without being deemed guilty of
trespass or becoming liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned thereby; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Terminate this Lease,
in which event Tenant shall immediately surrender possession of the Premises to Landlord. In such event, Landlord shall have the immediate right to <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-enter</FONT> and remove all persons and property, and such
property may be removed and stored in a public warehouse or elsewhere at the cost and for the account of Tenant, all without service of notice or resort to legal process and without being deemed guilty of trespass or becoming liable for any loss or
damage that may be occasioned thereby. In the event that Landlord shall elect to so terminate this Lease, then Landlord shall be entitled to recover from Tenant all damages incurred by Landlord by reason of Tenant&#146;s default, including: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The sum of: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:17%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The worth at the time of award of any unpaid Rent that had accrued at the time of such termination; plus </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:17%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid Rent that would have accrued during the period
commencing with termination of the Lease and ending at the time of award exceeds that portion of the loss of Landlord&#146;s rental income from the Premises that Tenant proves to Landlord&#146;s reasonable satisfaction could have been reasonably
avoided; plus </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">51 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:17%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">C.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid Rent
for the balance of the Term after the time of award exceeds that portion of the loss of Landlord&#146;s rental income from the Premises that Tenant proves to Landlord&#146;s reasonable satisfaction could have been reasonably avoided; plus </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:17%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">D.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any other amount necessary to compensate Landlord for all the detriment caused by Tenant&#146;s failure to perform
its obligations under this Lease or that in the ordinary course of things would be likely to result therefrom, including the cost of restoring the Premises to the condition required under the terms of this Lease, including any rent payments not
otherwise chargeable to Tenant (e.g., during any &#147;free&#148; rent period or rent holiday); plus </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:17%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">E.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At
Landlord&#146;s election, such other amounts in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as may be permitted from time to time by Applicable Laws; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At Landlord&#146;s election, as minimum liquidated damages in addition to any (A)&nbsp;amounts paid or payable to
Landlord pursuant to <U>Section 31.5(c)(i)(A)</U> prior to such election and (B)&nbsp;costs of restoring the Premises to the condition required under the terms of this Lease, an amount (the &#147;<U>Election Amount</U>&#148;) equal to either
(Y)&nbsp;the positive difference (if any, and measured at the time of such termination) between (1)&nbsp;the then-present value of the total Rent and other benefits that would have accrued to Landlord under this Lease for the remainder of the Term
if Tenant had fully complied with the Lease minus (2)&nbsp;the then-present cash rental value of the Premises as determined by Landlord for what would be the then-unexpired Term if the Lease remained in effect, computed using the discount rate of
the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco at the time of the award plus one (1)&nbsp;percentage point (the &#147;<U>Discount Rate</U>&#148;) or (Z)&nbsp;twelve (12) months (or such lesser number of months as may then be remaining in the Term) of
Base Rent and Additional Rent at the rate last payable by Tenant pursuant to this Lease, in either case as Landlord specifies in such election. Landlord and Tenant agree that the Election Amount represents a reasonable forecast of the minimum
damages expected to occur in the event of a breach, taking into account the uncertainty, time and cost of determining elements relevant to actual damages, such as fair market rent, time and costs that may be required to <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-lease</FONT> the Premises, and other factors; and that the Election Amount is not a penalty. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As used in <U>Sections
31.5(c)(i)(A)</U> and <U>(B)</U>, &#147;worth at the time of award&#148; shall be computed by allowing interest at the Default Rate. As used in <U>Section 31.5(c)(i)(C)</U>, the &#147;worth at the time of the award&#148; shall be computed by taking
the present value of such amount, using the Discount Rate. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition to any other remedies available to
Landlord at law or in equity and under this Lease, Landlord shall have the remedy described in California Civil Code Section&nbsp;1951.4 and may continue this Lease in effect after Tenant&#146;s Default or abandonment and recover Rent as it becomes
due, <U>provided</U> Tenant has the right to sublet or assign, subject only to reasonable limitations. In addition, Landlord shall not be liable in any way whatsoever for its </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">52 </P>


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failure or refusal to relet the Premises. For purposes of this Section, the following acts by Landlord will not constitute the termination of Tenant&#146;s right to possession of the Premises:
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acts of maintenance or preservation or efforts to relet the Premises, including alterations, remodeling,
redecorating, repairs, replacements or painting as Landlord shall consider advisable for the purpose of reletting the Premises or any part thereof; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The appointment of a receiver upon the initiative of Landlord to protect Landlord&#146;s interest under this Lease
or in the Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a Default by Tenant, Landlord may elect at any time to terminate this Lease and to
recover damages to which Landlord is entitled. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Landlord does not elect to terminate this Lease as
provided in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;31.5</U>, then Landlord may, from time to time, recover all Rent as it becomes due under this Lease. At any time thereafter, Landlord may elect to terminate this Lease and to recover damages to which
Landlord is entitled. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event Landlord elects to terminate this Lease and relet the Premises, Landlord
may execute any new lease in its own name. Tenant hereunder shall have no right or authority whatsoever to collect any Rent from such tenant. The proceeds of any such reletting shall be applied as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First, to the payment of any indebtedness other than Rent due hereunder from Tenant to Landlord, including storage
charges or brokerage commissions owing from Tenant to Landlord as the result of such reletting; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Second, to the
payment of the costs and expenses of reletting the Premises, including (i)&nbsp;alterations and repairs that Landlord deems reasonably necessary and advisable and (ii)&nbsp;reasonable attorneys&#146; fees, charges and disbursements incurred by
Landlord in connection with the retaking of the Premises and such reletting; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Third, to the payment of Rent and
other charges due and unpaid hereunder; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fourth, to the payment of future Rent and other damages payable by
Tenant under this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All of Landlord&#146;s rights, options and remedies hereunder shall be construed
and held to be nonexclusive and cumulative. Landlord shall have the right to pursue any one or all of such remedies, or any other remedy or relief that may be provided by Applicable Laws, whether or not stated in this Lease. No waiver of any default
of Tenant hereunder shall be implied from any acceptance by Landlord of any Rent or other payments due hereunder or any omission by Landlord to take any action on account of such default if such default persists or is repeated, and no express waiver
shall affect defaults other than as specified in such waiver. Notwithstanding any provision of this Lease to the contrary, in no event shall Landlord be required to mitigate its damages with respect to any default by Tenant, except as required by
Applicable Laws. Any </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">53 </P>


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such obligation imposed by Applicable Laws upon Landlord to relet the Premises after any termination of this Lease shall be subject to the reasonable requirements of Landlord to (a)&nbsp;lease to
high quality tenants on such terms as Landlord may from time to time deem appropriate in its discretion and (b)&nbsp;develop the Project in a harmonious manner with a mix of uses, tenants, floor areas, terms of tenancies, etc., as determined by
Landlord. Landlord shall not be obligated to relet the Premises to (y)&nbsp;any Tenant&#146;s Affiliate or (z)&nbsp;any party (i)&nbsp;unacceptable to a Lender, (ii)&nbsp;that requires Landlord to make improvements to or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-demise</FONT> the Premises, (iii)&nbsp;that desires to change the Permitted Use, (iv)&nbsp;that desires to lease the Premises for more or less than the remaining Term or (v)&nbsp;to whom Landlord or an affiliate of
Landlord may desire to lease other available space in the Project or at another property owned by Landlord or an affiliate of Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord&#146;s termination of (a)&nbsp;this Lease or (b)&nbsp;Tenant&#146;s right to possession of the Premises
shall not relieve Tenant of any liability to Landlord that has previously accrued or that shall arise based upon events that occurred prior to the later to occur of (y)&nbsp;the date of Lease termination and (z)&nbsp;the date Tenant surrenders
possession of the Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, Tenant waives any and all rights of
redemption granted by or under any present or future Applicable Laws if Tenant is evicted or dispossessed for any cause, or if Landlord obtains possession of the Premises due to Tenant&#146;s default hereunder or otherwise. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord shall not be in default or liable for damages under this Lease unless Landlord fails to perform
obligations required of Landlord within a reasonable time, but in no event shall such failure continue for more than thirty (30)&nbsp;days after written notice from Tenant specifying the nature of Landlord&#146;s failure; <U>provided</U>, however,
that if the nature of Landlord&#146;s obligation is such that more than thirty (30)&nbsp;days are required for its performance, then Landlord shall not be in default if Landlord commences performance within such thirty (30)&nbsp;day period and
thereafter diligently prosecutes the same to completion. In no event shall Tenant have the right to terminate or cancel this Lease or to withhold or abate rent or to set off any Claims against Rent as a result of any default or breach by Landlord of
any of its covenants, obligations, representations, warranties or promises hereunder, except as may otherwise be expressly set forth in this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">31.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event of any default by Landlord, Tenant shall give notice by registered or certified mail to any
(a)&nbsp;beneficiary of a deed of trust or (b)&nbsp;mortgagee under a mortgage covering the Premises, the Building or the Project and to any landlord of any lease of land upon or within which the Premises, the Building or the Project is located, and
shall offer such beneficiary, mortgagee or landlord a reasonable opportunity to cure the default, including time to obtain possession of the Building or the Project by power of sale or a judicial action if such should prove necessary to effect a
cure; <U>provided</U> that Landlord shall have furnished to Tenant in writing the names and addresses of all such persons who are to receive such notices. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">32.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Bankruptcy</U>. In the event a debtor, trustee or debtor in possession under the Bankruptcy Code, or another person with similar
rights, duties and powers under any other Applicable Laws, proposes to cure any default under this Lease or to assume or assign this Lease and is obliged to provide adequate assurance to Landlord that (a)&nbsp;a default shall be cured,
(b)&nbsp;Landlord shall be </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">54 </P>


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compensated for its damages arising from any breach of this Lease and (c)&nbsp;future performance of Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Lease shall occur, then such adequate assurances shall
include any or all of the following, as designated by Landlord in its sole and absolute discretion: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">32.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Those
acts specified in the Bankruptcy Code or other Applicable Laws as included within the meaning of &#147;adequate assurance,&#148; even if this Lease does not concern a shopping center or other facility described in such Applicable Laws; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">32.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A prompt cash payment to compensate Landlord for any monetary defaults or actual damages arising directly from a
breach of this Lease; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">32.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A cash deposit in an amount at least equal to the then-current amount of the Security
Deposit; or </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">32.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The assumption or assignment of all of Tenant&#146;s interest and obligations under this Lease.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">33.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Brokers</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">33.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant represents and warrants that it has had no dealings with any real estate broker or agent in connection with
the negotiation of this Lease other than Newmark Cornish and Carey (&#147;<U>Broker</U>&#148;), and that it knows of no other real estate broker or agent that is or might be entitled to a commission in connection with this Lease. Landlord represents
and warrants that it has had no dealings with any real estate broker or agent in connection with the negotiation of this Lease other than Kidder Mathews, and that it knows of no other real estate broker or agent that is or might be entitled to a
commission in connection with this Lease. Landlord shall compensate Broker in relation to this Lease pursuant to a separate agreement between Landlord and Broker. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">33.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant represents and warrants that no broker or agent has made any representation or warranty relied upon by
Tenant in Tenant&#146;s decision to enter into this Lease, other than as contained in this Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">33.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant
acknowledges and agrees that the employment of brokers by Landlord is for the purpose of solicitation of offers of leases from prospective tenants and that no authority is granted to any broker to furnish any representation (written or oral) or
warranty from Landlord unless expressly contained within this Lease. Landlord is executing this Lease in reliance upon Tenant&#146;s representations, warranties and agreements contained within <U>Sections 33.1</U> and <U>33.2</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">33.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant agrees to Indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees from any and all cost or liability for compensation claimed
by any broker or agent, other than Broker, employed or engaged by Tenant or claiming to have been employed or engaged by Tenant. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">34.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Definition of Landlord</U>. With regard to obligations imposed upon Landlord pursuant to this Lease, the term
&#147;<U>Landlord</U>,&#148; as used in this Lease, shall refer only to Landlord or Landlord&#146;s then-current <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">successor-in-interest.</FONT></FONT> In the event of any transfer,
assignment or conveyance of Landlord&#146;s interest in this Lease or in Landlord&#146;s fee title to or leasehold interest in the Property, as applicable, Landlord herein named (and in case of any subsequent transfers or conveyances, the subsequent
Landlord) shall be automatically freed and relieved, from and after the date of </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">55 </P>


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such transfer, assignment or conveyance, from all liability for the performance of any covenants or obligations contained in this Lease thereafter to be performed by Landlord and, without further
agreement, the transferee, assignee or conveyee of Landlord&#146;s in this Lease or in Landlord&#146;s fee title to or leasehold interest in the Property, as applicable, shall be deemed to have assumed and agreed to observe and perform any and all
covenants and obligations of Landlord hereunder during the tenure of its interest in the Lease or the Property. Landlord or any subsequent Landlord may transfer its interest in the Premises or this Lease without Tenant&#146;s consent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">35.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Limitation of Landlord</U><U>&#146;</U><U>s Liability</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">35.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Landlord is in default under this Lease and, as a consequence, Tenant recovers a monetary judgment against
Landlord, the judgment shall be satisfied only out of (a)&nbsp;the proceeds of sale received on execution of the judgment and levy against the right, title and interest of Landlord in the Building and the Project, (b)&nbsp;rent or other income from
such real property receivable by Landlord or (c)&nbsp;the consideration received by Landlord from the sale, financing, refinancing or other disposition of all or any part of Landlord&#146;s right, title or interest in the Building or the Project.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">35.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neither Landlord nor any of its affiliates, nor any of their respective partners, shareholders, directors,
officers, employees, members or agents shall be personally liable for Landlord&#146;s obligations or any deficiency under this Lease, and service of process shall not be made against any shareholder, director, officer, employee or agent of Landlord
or any of Landlord&#146;s affiliates. No partner, shareholder, director, officer, employee, member or agent of Landlord or any of its affiliates shall be sued or named as a party in any suit or action, and service of process shall not be made
against any partner or member of Landlord except as may be necessary to secure jurisdiction of the partnership, joint venture or limited liability company, as applicable. No partner, shareholder, director, officer, employee, member or agent of
Landlord or any of its affiliates shall be required to answer or otherwise plead to any service of process, and no judgment shall be taken or writ of execution levied against any partner, shareholder, director, officer, employee, member or agent of
Landlord or any of its affiliates. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">35.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each of the covenants and agreements of this Article shall be applicable
to any covenant or agreement either expressly contained in this Lease or imposed by Applicable Laws and shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">36.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Joint and Several Obligations</U>. If more than one person or entity executes this Lease as Tenant, then: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">36.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each of them is jointly and severally liable for the keeping, observing and performing of all of the terms,
covenants, conditions, provisions and agreements of this Lease to be kept, observed or performed by Tenant, and such terms, covenants, conditions, provisions and agreements shall be binding with the same force and effect upon each and all of the
persons executing this Agreement as Tenant; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">36.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The term &#147;<U>Tenant</U>,&#148; as used in this Lease,
shall mean and include each of them, jointly and severally. The act of, notice from, notice to, refund to, or signature of any one or </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">56 </P>


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more of them with respect to the tenancy under this Lease, including any renewal, extension, expiration, termination or modification of this Lease, shall be binding upon each and all of the
persons executing this Lease as Tenant with the same force and effect as if each and all of them had so acted, so given or received such notice or refund, or so signed. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">37.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Representations</U>. Tenant guarantees, warrants and represents that (a)&nbsp;Tenant is duly incorporated or otherwise
established or formed and validly existing under the laws of its state of incorporation, establishment or formation, (b)&nbsp;Tenant has and is duly qualified to do business in the state in which the Property is located, (c)&nbsp;Tenant has full
corporate, partnership, trust, association or other appropriate power and authority to enter into this Lease and to perform all Tenant&#146;s obligations hereunder, (d)&nbsp;each person (and all of the persons if more than one signs) signing this
Lease on behalf of Tenant is duly and validly authorized to do so and (e)&nbsp;neither (i) the execution, delivery or performance of this Lease nor (ii)&nbsp;the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will violate or conflict with any
provision of documents or instruments under which Tenant is constituted or to which Tenant is a party. In addition, Tenant guarantees, warrants and represents that none of (x)&nbsp;it, (y) its affiliates or partners nor (z)&nbsp;to the best of its
knowledge, its members, shareholders or other equity owners or any of their respective employees, officers, directors, representatives or agents is a person or entity with whom U.S. persons or entities are restricted from doing business under
regulations of the Office of Foreign Asset Control (&#147;<U>OFAC</U>&#148;) of the Department of the Treasury (including those named on OFAC&#146;s Specially Designated and Blocked Persons List) or under any statute, executive order (including the
September&nbsp;24, 2001, Executive Order Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism) or other similar governmental action. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">38.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Confidentiality</U>. Tenant shall keep the terms and conditions of this Lease and any information provided to Tenant or its
employees, agents or contractors pursuant to <U>Article 9</U> confidential and shall not (a)&nbsp;disclose to any third party any terms or conditions of this Lease or any other Lease-related document (including subleases, assignments, work letters,
construction contracts, letters of credit, subordination agreements, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disturbance</FONT> agreements, brokerage agreements or estoppels) or (b)&nbsp;provide to any third party an original or copy of this Lease (or
any Lease-related document). Landlord shall not release to any third party any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> financial information or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> information about Tenant&#146;s ownership
structure that Tenant gives Landlord. Notwithstanding the foregoing, confidential information under this Section may be released by Landlord or Tenant under the following circumstances: (x)&nbsp;if required by Applicable Laws (including, without
limitation, any applicable rules and regulations established by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission) or in any judicial proceeding; <U>provided</U> that the releasing party has given the other party reasonable notice of such
requirement, if feasible, (y)&nbsp;to a party&#146;s attorneys, accountants, brokers, lenders, potential lenders, investors, potential investors and other bona fide consultants or advisers (with respect to this Lease only); <U>provided</U> such
third parties agree to be bound by this Section or (z)&nbsp;to bona fide prospective assignees or subtenants of this Lease; <U>provided</U> they agree in writing to be bound by this Section. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">39.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Notices</U>. Except as otherwise stated in this Lease, any notice, consent, demand, invoice, statement or other communication
required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given by (a)&nbsp;personal delivery, (b)&nbsp;overnight delivery with a reputable international </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">57 </P>


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overnight delivery service, such as FedEx, or (c)&nbsp;facsimile or email transmission, so long as such transmission is followed within one (1)&nbsp;business day by delivery utilizing one of the
methods described in <U>Subsection 39(a)</U> or <U>(b)</U>. Any such notice, consent, demand, invoice, statement or other communication shall be deemed delivered (x)&nbsp;upon receipt, if given in accordance with <U>Subsection 39(a)</U>; (y) one
(1)&nbsp;business day after deposit with a reputable international overnight delivery service, if given if given in accordance with <U>Subsection 39(b)</U>; or (z)&nbsp;upon transmission, if given in accordance with <U>Subsection 39(c)</U>. Except
as otherwise stated in this Lease, any notice, consent, demand, invoice, statement or other communication required or permitted to be given pursuant to this Lease shall be addressed to Tenant at the Premises, or to Landlord or Tenant at the
addresses shown in <U>Sections 2.9</U> and <U>2.10</U> or <U>2.11</U>, respectively. Either party may, by notice to the other given pursuant to this Section, specify additional or different addresses for notice purposes. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Miscellaneous</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord reserves the right to change the name of the Building or the Project in its sole discretion. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To induce Landlord to enter into this Lease, Tenant agrees that it shall furnish to Landlord, from time to time,
within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after receipt of Landlord&#146;s written request, the most recent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">year-end</FONT> unconsolidated financial statements reflecting Tenant&#146;s current financial condition audited by
a nationally recognized accounting firm. Tenant shall, within ninety (90)&nbsp;days after the end of Tenant&#146;s financial year, furnish Landlord with a certified copy of Tenant&#146;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">year-end</FONT>
unconsolidated financial statements for the previous year audited by a nationally recognized accounting firm. Tenant represents and warrants that all financial statements, records and information furnished by Tenant to Landlord in connection with
this Lease are true, correct and complete in all respects. If audited financials are not otherwise prepared, unaudited financials complying with generally accepted accounting principles and certified by the chief financial officer of Tenant as true,
correct and complete in all respects shall suffice for purposes of this Section. The provisions of this Section shall not apply at any time while Tenant is a corporation whose shares are traded on any nationally recognized stock exchange. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Submission of this instrument for examination or signature by Tenant does not constitute a reservation of or
option for a lease, and shall not be effective as a lease or otherwise until execution by and delivery to both Landlord and Tenant. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The terms of this Lease are intended by the parties as a final, complete and exclusive expression of their
agreement with respect to the terms that are included herein, and may not be contradicted or supplemented by evidence of any other prior or contemporaneous agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord may, but shall not be obligated to, record a short form or memorandum hereof without Tenant&#146;s
consent. Within ten (10)&nbsp;days after receipt of written request from Landlord, Tenant shall execute a termination of any short form or memorandum of lease recorded with respect hereto. Tenant shall be responsible for the cost of recording any
short form or memorandum of this Lease, including any transfer or other taxes incurred in connection with such recordation. Neither party shall record this Lease. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">58 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where applicable in this Lease, the singular includes the plural and
the masculine or neuter includes the masculine, feminine and neuter. The words &#147;include,&#148; &#147;includes,&#148; &#147;included&#148; and &#147;including&#148; mean &#147;&#145;include,&#146; etc., without limitation.&#148; The word
&#147;shall&#148; is mandatory and the word &#147;may&#148; is permissive. The section headings of this Lease are not a part of this Lease and shall have no effect upon the construction or interpretation of any part of this Lease. Landlord and
Tenant have each participated in the drafting and negotiation of this Lease, and the language in all parts of this Lease shall be in all cases construed as a whole according to its fair meaning and not strictly for or against either Landlord or
Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Lease, each party shall pay its own costs and
expenses incurred in connection with this Lease and such party&#146;s performance under this Lease; <U>provided</U> that, if either party commences an action, proceeding, demand, claim, action, cause of action or suit against the other party arising
out of or in connection with this Lease, then the substantially prevailing party shall be reimbursed by the other party for all reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys&#146; fees and expenses, incurred by the substantially
prevailing party in such action, proceeding, demand, claim, action, cause of action or suit, and in any appeal in connection therewith (regardless of whether the applicable action, proceeding, demand, claim, action, cause of action, suit or appeal
is voluntarily withdrawn or dismissed). In addition, Landlord shall, upon demand, be entitled to all reasonable attorneys&#146; fees and all other reasonable costs incurred in the preparation and service of any notice or demand hereunder, regardless
of whether a legal action is subsequently commenced, or incurred in connection with any contested matter or other proceeding in bankruptcy court concerning this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Time is of the essence with respect to the performance of every provision of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each provision of this Lease performable by Tenant shall be deemed both a covenant and a condition. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, Tenant&#146;s obligations under this Lease are
independent and shall not be conditioned upon performance by Landlord. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whenever consent or approval of
either party is required, that party shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay such consent or approval, except as may be expressly set forth to the contrary. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any provision of this Lease that shall prove to be invalid, void or illegal shall in no way affect, impair or
invalidate any other provision hereof, and all other provisions of this Lease shall remain in full force and effect and shall be interpreted as if the invalid, void or illegal provision did not exist. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">59 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each of the covenants, conditions and agreements herein contained
shall inure to the benefit of and shall apply to and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective heirs; legatees; devisees; executors; administrators; and permitted successors and assigns. This Lease is for the sole benefit of the
parties and their respective heirs, legatees, devisees, executors, administrators and permitted successors and assigns, and nothing in this Lease shall give or be construed to give any other person or entity any legal or equitable rights. Nothing in
this Section shall in any way alter the provisions of this Lease restricting assignment or subletting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
Lease shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the state in which the Premises are located, without regard to such state&#146;s conflict of law principles. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant guarantees, warrants and represents that the individual or individuals signing this Lease have the power,
authority and legal capacity to sign this Lease on behalf of and to bind all entities, corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies, joint venturers or other organizations and entities on whose behalf such individual or individuals have
signed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Lease may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which, when taken together, shall
constitute one and the same document. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No provision of this Lease may be modified, amended or supplemented
except by an agreement in writing signed by Landlord and Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.18.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No waiver of any term, covenant or
condition of this Lease shall be binding upon Landlord unless executed in writing by Landlord. The waiver by Landlord of any breach or default of any term, covenant or condition contained in this Lease shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any
preceding or subsequent breach or default of such term, covenant or condition or any other term, covenant or condition of this Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.19.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, the parties waive trial by jury in any action, proceeding or
counterclaim brought by the other party hereto related to matters arising out of or in any way connected with this Lease; the relationship between Landlord and Tenant; Tenant&#146;s use or occupancy of the Premises; or any claim of injury or damage
related to this Lease or the Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">40.20.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Throughout the Term, Tenant shall have the right to use the
furniture, fixtures and equipment currently located within the Premises and listed on <U>Exhibit&nbsp;D</U> attached hereto (collectively, the &#147;<U>FF&amp;E</U>&#148;). Landlord has made no representations or warranties, express, implied or
otherwise, regarding the condition or working order of the FF&amp;E. Tenant confirms that it has had the reasonable opportunity to inventory and inspect the FF&amp;E and hereby represents that (i)&nbsp;it accepts the FF&amp;E &#147;<B>AS IS AND WITH
ALL FAULTS</B>&#148;, and (ii)&nbsp;it is satisfied that all items of FF&amp;E listed on <U>Exhibit&nbsp;D</U> attached hereto are currently located within the Premises and are hereby accepted by Tenant, subject to and in accordance with the terms
of this Section. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that Landlord shall continue to own the FF&amp;E, and Tenant shall acquire no ownership interest therein. Throughout the Term, Tenant shall be obligated to (a)&nbsp;maintain, repair, safeguard and keep
lien free the FF&amp;E, and (b)&nbsp;ensure that the FF&amp;E is covered by the insurance policy required to be maintained by Tenant pursuant to </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">60 </P>


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<U>Section 23.3(c)</U> of this Lease. With the exception of ordinary wear and tear, Tenant shall promptly repair or replace any FF&amp;E that becomes damaged, destroyed or for any reason is no
longer located at the Premises, and shall keep a detailed log of any such repairs or replacements. All replacements shall be of substantially similar style and quality as the original items of FF&amp;E so replaced. Tenant shall provide Landlord with
a copy of such log upon request. In no event shall Landlord have any liability or responsibility with respect to the FF&amp;E, and Landlord shall have no responsibility to repair or refurbish the FF&amp;E at any time. At the expiration or earlier
termination of the Term, Landlord and Tenant shall jointly inventory the FF&amp;E then located within the Premises, and Tenant shall pay to Landlord, within thirty (30)&nbsp;days following the effective date of expiration or earlier termination of
this Lease, an amount equal to the cost to repair or replace any items of the FF&amp;E which are no longer located at the Premises, are of inferior style or quality as compared with the original FF&amp;E, or which exhibit damage beyond ordinary wear
and tear as reasonably determined by Landlord. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Lease as of the date first above
written. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="13%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><U>LANDLORD</U>:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-PACIFIC</FONT> RESEARCH CENTER LP,</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a Delaware limited partnership</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><U>TENANT</U>:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.,</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a
Delaware corporation</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT A </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>PREMISES </U></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT B </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>WORK LETTER </U></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This
Work Letter (this &#147;<U>Work Letter</U>&#148;) is made and entered into as of the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; day of March, 2017, by and between <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-PACIFIC</FONT> RESEARCH CENTER LP, a Delaware limited partnership (&#147;<U>Landlord</U>&#148;), and PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (&#147;<U>Tenant</U>&#148;), and is attached to and made a
part of that certain Lease dated as of March &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 2017 (as the same may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the &#147;<U>Lease</U>&#148;), by and between Landlord and Tenant
for the Premises located at 7707 Gateway Boulevard, Newark, California. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>General Requirements</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Authorized Representatives</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Landlord designates, as Landlord&#146;s authorized representative (&#147;<U>Landlord&#146;s Authorized
Representative</U>&#148;), (i) Ben Evans as the person authorized to initial plans, drawings, approvals and to sign change orders pursuant to this Work Letter and (ii)&nbsp;an officer of Landlord as the person authorized to sign any amendments to
this Work Letter or the Lease. Tenant shall not be obligated to respond to or act upon any such item until such item has been initialed or signed (as applicable) by the appropriate Landlord&#146;s Authorized Representative. Landlord may change
either Landlord&#146;s Authorized Representative upon one (1)&nbsp;business day&#146;s prior written notice to Tenant. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant designates Tom O&#146;Neil (&#147;<U>Tenant&#146;s Authorized Representative</U>&#148;) as the person
authorized to initial and sign all plans, drawings, change orders and approvals pursuant to this Work Letter. Landlord shall not be obligated to respond to or act upon any such item until such item has been initialed or signed (as applicable) by
Tenant&#146;s Authorized Representative. Tenant may change Tenant&#146;s Authorized Representative upon one (1)&nbsp;business day&#146;s prior written notice to Landlord. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Schedule</U>. The schedule for design and development of the Tenant Improvements, including the time periods
for preparation and review of construction documents, approvals and performance, shall be in accordance with a schedule to be prepared by Tenant (the &#147;<U>Schedule</U>&#148;). Tenant shall prepare the Schedule so that it is a reasonable schedule
for the completion of the Tenant Improvements. The Schedule shall clearly identify all activities requiring Landlord participation, including specific dates and time periods when Tenant&#146;s contractor will require access to areas of the Project
outside of the Premises. As soon as the Schedule is completed, Tenant shall deliver the same to Landlord for Landlord&#146;s approval, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. Such Schedule shall be approved or
disapproved by Landlord within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after delivery to Landlord. Landlord&#146;s failure to respond within such ten (10)&nbsp;business day period shall be deemed approval by Landlord. If Landlord disapproves the Schedule, then
Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing of its objections to such Schedule, and the parties shall confer and negotiate in good faith to reach agreement on the Schedule. The Schedule shall be subject to adjustment as mutually agreed upon in writing
by the parties, or as provided in this Work Letter. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Tenant&#146;s Architects, Contractors and Consultants</U>. The
architect, engineering consultants, design team, general contractor and subcontractors responsible for the construction of the Tenant Improvements shall be selected by Tenant and approved by Landlord, which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably
withhold, condition or delay. Landlord may refuse to use any architects, consultants, contractors, subcontractors or material suppliers that Landlord reasonably believes could cause labor disharmony or may not have sufficient experience, in
Landlord&#146;s reasonable opinion, to perform work in an occupied Class &#147;A&#148; laboratory research building and in lab areas. All Tenant contracts related to the Tenant Improvements shall provide that Tenant may assign such contracts and any
warranties with respect to the Tenant Improvements to Landlord at any time. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Tenant Improvements</U>. All Tenant Improvements
shall be performed by Tenant&#146;s contractor, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense (subject to Landlord&#146;s obligations with respect to any portion of the TI Allowance) and in accordance with the Approved Plans (as defined below), the Lease
and this Work Letter. To the extent that the total projected cost of the Tenant Improvements (as reasonably projected by Landlord) exceeds the TI Allowance (such excess, the &#147;<U>Excess TI Costs</U>&#148;), Tenant shall advance to Landlord any
Excess TI Costs within ten (10)&nbsp;days after receipt of an invoice therefor, but in any case before Tenant commences the Tenant Improvements. If the actual Excess TI Costs are less than the Excess TI Costs paid by Tenant to Landlord, Landlord
shall credit Tenant with the overage paid by Tenant against Tenant&#146;s Rent obligations, beginning after Landlord has completed the final accounting for the Tenant Improvements (which final accounting shall be completed within thirty
(30)&nbsp;days following the completion of the Tenant Improvements). If the cost of the Tenant Improvements (as reasonably projected by Landlord) increases over Landlord&#146;s initial projection, then Landlord may notify Tenant and Tenant shall
deposit any additional Excess TI Costs with Landlord in the same way that Tenant deposited the initial Excess TI Costs. If Tenant fails to pay, or is late in paying, any sum due to Landlord under this Work Letter (and Tenant fails to cure such <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-payment</FONT> within three (3)&nbsp;business days after notice from Landlord), then Landlord shall have all of the rights and remedies set forth in the Lease for nonpayment of Rent (including the right to interest and
the right to assess a late charge), and for purposes of any litigation instituted with regard to such amounts the same shall be considered Rent. All material and equipment furnished by Tenant or its contractors as the Tenant Improvements shall be
new or &#147;like new;&#148; the Tenant Improvements shall be performed in a first-class, workmanlike manner; and the quality of the Tenant Improvements shall be of a nature and character not less than the Building Standard. Tenant shall take, and
shall require its contractors to take, commercially reasonable steps to protect the Premises during the performance of any Tenant Improvements, including covering or temporarily removing any window coverings so as to guard against dust, debris or
damage. All Tenant Improvements shall be performed in accordance with <U>Article 17</U> of the Lease; <U>provided</U> that, notwithstanding anything in the Lease or this Work Letter to the contrary, in the event of a conflict between this Work
Letter and <U>Article 17</U> of the Lease, the terms of this Work Letter shall govern. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Work Plans</U>. Tenant shall prepare and submit to Landlord for
approval schematics covering the Tenant Improvements prepared in conformity with the applicable provisions of this Work Letter (the &#147;<U>Draft Schematic Plans</U>&#148;). The Draft Schematic Plans shall contain sufficient information and detail
to accurately describe the proposed design to Landlord and such other information as Landlord may reasonably request. Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after receipt of the Draft Schematic Plans whether
Landlord approves or objects to the Draft Schematic Plans and of the manner, if any, in which the Draft Schematic Plans are unacceptable. Landlord&#146;s failure to respond within such ten (10)&nbsp;business day period shall be deemed approval by
Landlord. If Landlord reasonably objects to the Draft Schematic Plans, then Tenant shall revise the Draft Schematic Plans and cause Landlord&#146;s objections to be remedied in the revised Draft Schematic Plans. Tenant shall then resubmit the
revised Draft Schematic Plans to Landlord for approval, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. Landlord&#146;s approval of or objection to revised Draft Schematic Plans and Tenant&#146;s correction of the same shall
be in accordance with this Section until Landlord has approved the Draft Schematic Plans in writing or been deemed to have approved them. The iteration of the Draft Schematic Plans that is approved or deemed approved by Landlord without objection
shall be referred to herein as the &#147;<U>Approved Schematic Plans</U>.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Construction Plans</U>.
Tenant shall prepare final plans and specifications for the Tenant Improvements that (a)&nbsp;are consistent with and are logical evolutions of the Approved Schematic Plans and (b)&nbsp;incorporate any other Tenant-requested (and Landlord-approved)
Changes (as defined below). As soon as such final plans and specifications (&#147;<U>Construction Plans</U>&#148;) are completed, Tenant shall deliver the same to Landlord for Landlord&#146;s approval, which approval shall not be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned or delayed. All such Construction Plans shall be submitted by Tenant to Landlord in electronic .pdf, CADD and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">full-size</FONT> hard copy formats, and shall be approved or disapproved by Landlord
within ten (10)&nbsp;business days after delivery to Landlord. Landlord&#146;s failure to respond within such ten (10)&nbsp;business day period shall be deemed approval by Landlord. If the Construction Plans are disapproved by Landlord, then
Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing of its objections to such Construction Plans, and the parties shall confer and negotiate in good faith to reach agreement on the Construction Plans. Promptly after the Construction Plans are approved by
Landlord and Tenant, two (2)&nbsp;copies of such Construction Plans shall be initialed and dated by Landlord and Tenant, and Tenant shall promptly submit such Construction Plans to all appropriate Governmental Authorities for approval. The
Construction Plans so approved, and all change orders specifically permitted by this Work Letter, are referred to herein as the &#147;<U>Approved Plans</U>.&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Changes to the Tenant Improvements</U>. Any changes to the Approved Plans (each, a &#147;<U>Change</U>&#148;)
shall be requested and instituted in accordance with the provisions of this <U>Article 2</U> and shall be subject to the written approval of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-requesting</FONT> party in accordance with this Work Letter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Change Request</U>. Either Landlord or Tenant may request Changes after Landlord approves the Approved Plans by
notifying the other party thereof in writing in substantially the same form as the AIA standard change order form (a &#147;<U>Change Request</U>&#148;), which Change Request shall detail the nature and extent of any requested Changes, including
(a)&nbsp;the </P>
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Change, (b)&nbsp;the party required to perform the Change and (c)&nbsp;any modification of the Approved Plans and the Schedule, as applicable, necessitated by the Change. If the nature of a
Change requires revisions to the Approved Plans, then the requesting party shall be solely responsible for the cost and expense of such revisions and any increases in the cost of the Tenant Improvements as a result of such Change. Change Requests
shall be signed by the requesting party&#146;s Authorized Representative. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Approval of Changes</U>. All
Change Requests shall be subject to the other party&#146;s prior written approval, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-requesting</FONT> party shall have three
(3)&nbsp;business days after receipt of a Change Request to notify the requesting party in writing of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-requesting</FONT> party&#146;s decision either to approve or object to the Change Request. The <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-requesting</FONT> party&#146;s failure to respond within such three (3)&nbsp;business day period shall be deemed approval by the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-requesting</FONT> party. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Preparation of Estimates</U>. Tenant shall, before proceeding with any Change, using its best efforts, prepare
as soon as is reasonably practicable (but in no event more than five (5)&nbsp;business days after delivering a Change Request to Landlord or receipt of a Change Request) an estimate of the increased costs or savings that would result from such
Change, as well as an estimate of such Change&#146;s effects on the Schedule. Landlord shall have five (5)&nbsp;business days after receipt of such information from Tenant to (a)&nbsp;in the case of a Tenant-initiated Change Request, approve or
reject such Change Request in writing, or (b)&nbsp;in the case of a Landlord-initiated Change Request, notify Tenant in writing of Landlord&#146;s decision either to proceed with or abandon the Landlord-initiated Change Request. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Quality Control Program; Coordination</U>. Tenant shall provide Landlord with information regarding the
following (together, the &#147;<U>QCP</U>&#148;): (a) Tenant&#146;s general contractor&#146;s quality control program and (b)&nbsp;evidence of subsequent monitoring and action plans. The QCP shall be subject to Landlord&#146;s reasonable review and
approval and shall specifically address the Tenant Improvements. Tenant shall ensure that the QCP is regularly implemented on a scheduled basis and shall provide Landlord with reasonable prior notice and access to attend all inspections and meetings
between Tenant and its general contractor. At the conclusion of the Tenant Improvements, Tenant shall deliver the quality control log to Landlord, which shall include all records of quality control meetings and testing and of inspections held in the
field, including inspections relating to concrete, steel roofing, piping pressure testing and system commissioning. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Completion of Tenant Improvements</U>. Tenant, at its sole cost and expense (except for the TI Allowance), shall perform and
complete the Tenant Improvements in all respects (a)&nbsp;in substantial conformance with the Approved Plans, (b)&nbsp;otherwise in compliance with provisions of the Lease and this Work Letter and (c)&nbsp;in accordance with Applicable Laws, the
requirements of Tenant&#146;s insurance carriers, the requirements of Landlord&#146;s insurance carriers (to the extent Landlord provides its insurance carriers&#146; requirements to Tenant) and the board of fire underwriters having jurisdiction
over the Premises. The Tenant Improvements shall be deemed completed at such time as Tenant shall furnish to Landlord (t)&nbsp;evidence satisfactory to Landlord that (i)&nbsp;all Tenant Improvements have been completed and paid for in full (which
shall be evidenced by the architect&#146;s certificate of completion and the general contractor&#146;s and each </P>
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subcontractor&#146;s and material supplier&#146;s final unconditional waivers and releases of liens, each in a form acceptable to Landlord in its reasonable discretion and complying with
Applicable Laws, and a Certificate of Substantial Completion in the form of the American Institute of Architects document G704, executed by the project architect and the general contractor, together with a statutory notice of substantial completion
from the general contractor), (ii) all Tenant Improvements have been accepted by Landlord, (iii)&nbsp;any and all liens related to the Tenant Improvements have either been discharged of record (by payment, bond, order of a court of competent
jurisdiction or otherwise) or waived by the party filing such lien and (iv)&nbsp;no security interests relating to the Tenant Improvements are outstanding, (u)&nbsp;all certifications and approvals with respect to the Tenant Improvements that may be
required from any Governmental Authority and any board of fire underwriters or similar body for the use and occupancy of the Premises (including a certificate of occupancy (or its substantial equivalent) for the Premises for the Permitted Use), (v)
certificates of insurance required by the Lease to be purchased and maintained by Tenant, (w)&nbsp;an affidavit from Tenant&#146;s architect certifying that all work performed in, on or about the Premises is in accordance with the Approved Plans,
(x)&nbsp;complete &#147;as built&#148; drawing print sets, project specifications and shop drawings and electronic CADD files on disc (showing the Tenant Improvements as an overlay on the Building &#147;as built&#148; plans (<U>provided</U> that
Landlord provides the Building <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;as-built&#148;</FONT> plans provided to Tenant) of all contract documents for work performed by their architect and engineers in relation to the Tenant Improvements, (y)&nbsp;a
commissioning report prepared by a licensed, qualified commissioning agent hired by Tenant and approved by Landlord for all new or affected mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems (which report Landlord may hire a licensed, qualified
commissioning agent to peer review, and whose reasonable recommendations Tenant&#146;s commissioning agent shall perform and incorporate into a revised report) and (z)&nbsp;such other &#147;close out&#148; materials as Landlord reasonably requests
consistent with Landlord&#146;s own requirements for its contractors, such as copies of manufacturers&#146; warranties, operation and maintenance manuals and the like. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Insurance</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Property Insurance</U>. At all times during the period beginning with commencement of construction of the Tenant
Improvements and ending with final completion of the Tenant Improvements, Tenant shall maintain, or cause to be maintained (in addition to the insurance required of Tenant pursuant to the Lease), property insurance insuring Landlord and the Landlord
Parties, as their interests may appear. Such policy shall, on a completed values basis for the full insurable value at all times, insure against loss or damage by fire, vandalism and malicious mischief and other such risks as are customarily covered
by the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">so-called</FONT> &#147;broad form extended coverage endorsement&#148; upon all Tenant Improvements and the general contractor&#146;s and any subcontractors&#146; machinery, tools and equipment, all while each
forms a part of, or is contained in, the Tenant Improvements or any temporary structures on the Premises, or is adjacent thereto; <U>provided</U> that, for the avoidance of doubt, insurance coverage with respect to the general contractor&#146;s and
any subcontractors&#146; machinery, tools and equipment shall be carried on a primary basis by such general contractor or the applicable subcontractor(s). Tenant agrees to pay any deductible, and Landlord is not responsible for any deductible, for a
claim under such insurance. Such property insurance shall contain an express waiver of any right of subrogation by the insurer against Landlord and the Landlord Parties, and shall name Landlord and its affiliates as loss payees as their interests
may appear. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Workers&#146; Compensation Insurance</U>. At all times during the
period of construction of the Tenant Improvements, Tenant shall, or shall cause its contractors or subcontractors to, maintain statutory workers&#146; compensation insurance as required by Applicable Laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Liability</U>. Tenant assumes sole responsibility and liability for any and all injuries or the death of any persons, including
Tenant&#146;s contractors and subcontractors and their respective employees, agents and invitees, and for any and all damages to property caused by, resulting from or arising out of any act or omission on the part of Tenant, Tenant&#146;s
contractors or subcontractors, or their respective employees, agents and invitees in the prosecution of the Tenant Improvements. Tenant agrees to Indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees from and against all Claims due to, because of or arising out of any
and all such injuries, death or damage, whether real or alleged, and Tenant and Tenant&#146;s contractors and subcontractors shall assume and defend at their sole cost and expense all such Claims; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that nothing
contained in this Work Letter shall be deemed to Indemnify Landlord from or against liability caused by Landlord&#146;s negligence or willful misconduct. Any deficiency in design or construction of the Tenant Improvements shall be solely the
responsibility of Tenant, notwithstanding the fact that Landlord may have approved of the same in writing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>TI Allowance</U>.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Application of TI Allowance</U>. Landlord shall contribute the TI Allowance and any Excess TI Costs
advanced by Tenant to Landlord toward the costs and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of the Tenant Improvements, in accordance with <U>Article 4</U> of the Lease. If the entire TI Allowance is not applied toward or reserved for
the costs of the Tenant Improvements on or before the deadline set forth in Section&nbsp;4.3 of the Lease, then Tenant shall not be entitled to a credit of such unused portion of the TI Allowance. If the entire Excess TI Costs advanced by Tenant to
Landlord are not applied toward the costs of the Tenant Improvements, then Landlord shall promptly return such excess to Tenant following completion of the Tenant Improvements. Tenant may apply the TI Allowance for the payment of construction and
other costs in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Approval of Budget for the Tenant
Improvements</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth elsewhere in this Work Letter or the Lease, Landlord shall not have any obligation to expend any portion of the TI Allowance until Landlord and Tenant shall have approved in
writing the budget for the Tenant Improvements (the &#147;<U>Approved Budget</U>&#148;). Prior to Landlord&#146;s approval of the Approved Budget, Tenant shall pay all of the costs and expenses incurred in connection with the Tenant Improvements as
they become due. Landlord shall not be obligated to reimburse Tenant for costs or expenses relating to the Tenant Improvements that exceed the amount of the TI Allowance. Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay its approval of
any budget for Tenant Improvements that is proposed by Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Fund Requests</U>. Upon submission by
Tenant to Landlord of (a)&nbsp;a statement (a &#147;<U>Fund Request</U>&#148;) setting forth the total amount of the TI Allowance requested, (b)&nbsp;a summary of the Tenant Improvements performed using AIA standard form Application for Payment (G
702) executed by the general contractor and by the architect, (c)&nbsp;invoices from the general contractor, the architect, and any subcontractors, material suppliers and other parties requesting payment with respect to the amount of the TI
Allowance then being requested, (d)&nbsp;unconditional lien </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">B-6 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
releases from the general contractor and each subcontractor and material supplier with respect to previous payments made by either Landlord or Tenant for the Tenant Improvements in a form
acceptable to Landlord and complying with Applicable Laws and (e)&nbsp;conditional lien releases from the general contractor and each subcontractor and material supplier with respect to the Tenant Improvements performed that correspond to the Fund
Request each in a form acceptable to Landlord and complying with Applicable Laws, then Landlord shall, within thirty (30)&nbsp;days following receipt by Landlord of a Fund Request and the accompanying materials required by this Section, pay to (as
elected by Landlord) the applicable contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers or Tenant (for reimbursement for payments made by Tenant to such contractors, subcontractors or material suppliers either prior to Landlord&#146;s approval of the
Approved TI Budget or as a result of Tenant&#146;s decision to pay for the Tenant Improvements itself and later seek reimbursement from Landlord in the form of one lump sum payment in accordance with the Lease and this Work Letter), the amount of
Tenant Improvement costs set forth in such Fund Request; <U>provided</U>, however, that Landlord shall not be obligated to make any payments under this Section until the budget for the Tenant Improvements is approved in accordance with
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.2</U>, and any Fund Request under this Section shall be subject to the payment limits set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.2</U> above and <U>Article 4</U> of the Lease. Notwithstanding anything in this
Section to the contrary, Tenant shall not submit a Fund Request more often than every thirty (30)&nbsp;days. Any additional Fund Requests submitted by Tenant shall be void and of no force or effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Accrual Information</U>. In addition to the other requirements of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6</U>,
Tenant shall, no later than the second (2<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP>) business day of each month until the Tenant Improvements are complete, provide Landlord with an estimate of (a)&nbsp;the percentage of design and other
soft cost work that has been completed, (b)&nbsp;design and other soft costs spent through the end of the previous month, both from commencement of the Tenant Improvements and solely for the previous month, (c)&nbsp;the percentage of construction
and other hard cost work that has been completed, (d)&nbsp;construction and other hard costs spent through the end of the previous month, both from commencement of the Tenant Improvements and solely for the previous month, and (e)&nbsp;the estimated
date of Substantial Completion of the Tenant Improvements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Miscellaneous</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Incorporation of Lease Provisions</U>. <U>Sections 40.6</U> through <U>40.19</U> of the Lease are incorporated
into this Work Letter by reference, and shall apply to this Work Letter in the same way that they apply to the Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>General</U>. Except as otherwise set forth in the Lease or this Work Letter, this Work Letter shall not apply
to improvements performed in any additional premises added to the Premises at any time or from time to time, whether by any options under the Lease or otherwise; or to any portion of the Premises or any additions to the Premises in the event of a
renewal or extension of the original Term, whether by any options under the Lease or otherwise, unless the Lease or any amendment or supplement to the Lease expressly provides that such additional premises are to be delivered to Tenant in the same
condition as the initial Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">B-7 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Landlord and Tenant have executed this Work Letter to be effective on the
date first above written. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>LANDLORD</U>: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD></TR>


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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-PACIFIC</FONT> RESEARCH CENTER LP,</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a Delaware limited partnership</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><U>TENANT</U>:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.,</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a
Delaware corporation</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
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<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">B-8 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">B-1</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>TENANT WORK INSURANCE SCHEDULE </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tenant shall be responsible for requiring all of Tenant contractors doing construction or renovation work to purchase and maintain such
insurance as shall protect it from the claims set forth below which may arise out of or result from any Tenant Work whether such Tenant Work is completed by Tenant or by any Tenant contractors or by any person directly or indirectly employed by
Tenant or any Tenant contractors, or by any person for whose acts Tenant or any Tenant contractors may be liable: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claims under
workers&#146; compensation, disability benefit and other similar employee benefit acts which are applicable to the Tenant Work to be performed. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claims for damages because of bodily injury, occupational sickness or disease, or death of employees under any applicable
employer&#146;s liability law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claims for damages because of bodily injury, or death of any person other than Tenant&#146;s or
any Tenant contractors&#146; employees. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claims for damages insured by usual personal injury liability coverage which are
sustained (a)&nbsp;by any person as a result of an offense directly or indirectly related to the employment of such person by Tenant or any Tenant contractors or (b)&nbsp;by any other person. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claims for damages, other than to the Tenant Work itself, because of injury to or destruction of tangible property, including loss
of use therefrom. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claims for damages because of bodily injury or death of any person or property damage arising out of the
ownership, maintenance or use of any motor vehicle. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tenant contractors&#146; Commercial General Liability Insurance shall include
premises/operations (including explosion, collapse and underground coverage if such Tenant Work involves any underground work), elevators, independent contractors, products and completed operations, and blanket contractual liability on all written
contracts, all including broad form property damage coverage. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tenant contractors&#146; Commercial General, Automobile, Employers and
Umbrella Liability Insurance shall be written for not less than limits of liability as follows: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a. Commercial General Liability:</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bodily Injury and Property Damage</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Commercially reasonable amounts, but in any event no less than $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 general aggregate, with $2,000,000 products and completed operations aggregate.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">B-1-1 </P>


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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="92%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">b. Commercial Automobile Liability:</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bodily Injury and Property Damage</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">$1,000,000 per accident</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c. Employer&#146;s Liability:</P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each Accident</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Disease &#150; Policy Limit</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Disease &#150; Each Employee</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">$500,000</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">$500,000</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">$500,000</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">d. Umbrella Liability:</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bodily Injury and Property Damage</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Commercially reasonable amounts (excess of coverages a, b and c above), but in any event no less than $5,000,000 per occurrence / aggregate.</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All subcontractors for Tenant contractors shall carry the same coverages and limits as specified above, unless different
limits are reasonably approved by Landlord. The foregoing policies shall contain a provision that coverages afforded under the policies shall not be canceled or not renewed until at least thirty (30)&nbsp;days&#146; prior written notice has been
given to the Landlord. Certificates of insurance including required endorsements showing such coverages to be in force shall be filed with Landlord prior to the commencement of any Tenant Work and prior to each renewal. Coverage for completed
operations must be maintained for the lesser of ten (10)&nbsp;years and the applicable statue of repose following completion of the Tenant Work, and certificates evidencing this coverage must be provided to Landlord. The minimum A.M. Best&#146;s
rating of each insurer shall be <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-</FONT> VII. Landlord and its mortgagees shall be named as additional insureds under Tenant contractors&#146; Commercial General Liability, Commercial Automobile Liability and
Umbrella Liability Insurance policies as respects liability arising from work or operations performed, or ownership, maintenance or use of autos, by or on behalf of such contractors. Each contractor and its insurers shall provide waivers of
subrogation with respect to any claims covered or that should have been covered by valid and collectible insurance, including any deductibles or self-insurance maintained thereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any contractor&#146;s work involves the handling or removal of asbestos (as determined by Landlord in its sole and absolute discretion), such contractor
shall also carry Pollution Legal Liability insurance. Such coverage shall include bodily injury, sickness, disease, death or mental anguish or shock sustained by any person; property damage, including physical injury to or destruction of tangible
property (including the resulting loss of use thereof), <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">clean-up</FONT> costs and the loss of use of tangible property that has not been physically injured or destroyed; and defense costs, charges and expenses
incurred in the investigation, adjustment or defense of claims for such damages. Coverage shall apply to both sudden and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-sudden</FONT> pollution conditions including the discharge, dispersal, release or escape of
smoke, vapors, soot, fumes, acids, alkalis, toxic chemicals, liquids or gases, waste materials or other irritants, contaminants or pollutants into or upon land, the atmosphere or any watercourse or body of water. Claims-made coverage is permitted,
<U>provided</U> the policy retroactive date is continuously maintained prior to the Term Commencement Date, and coverage is continuously maintained during all periods in which Tenant occupies the Premises. Coverage shall be maintained with limits of
not less than $1,000,000 per incident with a $2,000,000 policy aggregate. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">B-1-2 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT C </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF TERM COMMENCEMENT DATE </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>AND TERM EXPIRATION DATE </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">THIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF TERM COMMENCEMENT DATE AND TERM EXPIRATION DATE is entered into as of
[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2017, with reference to that certain Lease (the &#147;<U>Lease</U>&#148;) dated as of [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2017, by
PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (&#147;<U>Tenant</U>&#148;), in favor of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-PACIFIC</FONT> RESEARCH CENTER LP, a Delaware limited partnership (&#147;<U>Landlord</U>&#148;). All capitalized
terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tenant hereby confirms the following: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant accepted possession of the Premises for construction of improvements or the installation of personal or other property on
[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], and for use in accordance with the Permitted Use on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]. Tenant first occupied the Premises for the Permitted Use on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Premises are in good order, condition and repair. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Tenant Improvements are Substantially Complete. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All conditions of the Lease to be performed by Landlord as a condition to the full effectiveness of the Lease have been satisfied,
and Landlord has fulfilled all of its duties in the nature of inducements offered to Tenant to lease the Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
accordance with the provisions of <U>Article 4</U> of the Lease, the Term Commencement Date is [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], and, unless the Lease is terminated prior to the
Term Expiration Date pursuant to its terms, the Term Expiration Date shall be [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Lease is in full force and effect, and the same represents the entire agreement between Landlord and Tenant concerning the
Premises[, except [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]]. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant has no existing defenses against the enforcement of the Lease by Landlord, and there exist no offsets or credits against Rent
owed or to be owed by Tenant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The obligation to pay Rent is presently in effect and all Rent obligations on the part of Tenant
under the Lease commenced to accrue on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], with Base Rent payable on the dates and amounts set forth in the chart below: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="84%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="36%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="33%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:19.10pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Dates</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Approximate</B><br><B>Square&nbsp;Feet&nbsp;of</B><br><B>Rentable Area</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Base&nbsp;Rent&nbsp;per&nbsp;Square</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Foot&nbsp;of&nbsp;Rentable&nbsp;Area</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Monthly&nbsp;Base&nbsp;Rent</B></TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">
<P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]/[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]/[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;]-[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]/[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]/[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">
<P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">$[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] monthly</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">C-1 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned Tenant has not made any prior assignment, transfer, hypothecation or
pledge of the Lease or of the rents thereunder or sublease of the Premises or any portion thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK] </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">C-2 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Tenant has executed this Acknowledgment of Term Commencement Date and Term
Expiration Date as of the date first written above. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">TENANT: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
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<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.,</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a
Delaware corporation</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">C-3 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT D </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>FF&amp;E </U></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2 Televisions </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 Multimedia projector and screen </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 formal boardroom table and
12 leather chairs </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 small conference room table and 8 leather chairs </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 small conference room table and 6 leather chairs </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 reception
desk </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approx. 18 cubicle stations </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approx. 18 office tables
+ chairs on the 2<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP> floor </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approx. 15 office tables + chairs on the 1<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">st</SUP> floor </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approx. 30 break room chairs (orange) </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Approx. 6 rest/lounge area chairs </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">D-1 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT E </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>FORM OF LETTER OF CREDIT </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[On letterhead or L/C letterhead of Issuer] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>LETTER OF CREDIT </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Date:
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>, 20<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> (the &#147;<U>Beneficiary</U>&#148;) </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention:
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;</U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">L/C. No.:
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loan No.:
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We establish in
favor of Beneficiary our irrevocable and unconditional Letter of Credit numbered as identified above (the &#147;<U>L/C</U>&#148;) for an aggregate amount of $<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>, expiring
at <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>:00 p.m. on <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> or, if such day is not a Banking Day, then the next
succeeding Banking Day (such date, as extended from time to time, the &#147;<U>Expiry Date</U>&#148;). &#147;<U>Banking Day</U>&#148; means a weekday except a weekday when commercial banks in
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> are authorized or required to close. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We authorize Beneficiary to draw on us (the &#147;<U>Issuer</U>&#148;) for the account of
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> (the &#147;<U>Account Party</U>&#148;), under the terms and conditions of this L/C. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Funds under this L/C are available by presenting the following documentation (the &#147;<U>Drawing Documentation</U>&#148;): (a) the original
L/C and (b)&nbsp;a sight draft substantially in the form of <U>Attachment 1</U>, with blanks filled in and bracketed items provided as appropriate. No other evidence of authority, certificate, or documentation is required. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Drawing Documentation must be presented at Issuer&#146;s office at
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> on or before the Expiry Date by personal presentation, courier or messenger service, or fax. Presentation by fax shall be
effective upon electronic confirmation of transmission as evidenced by a printed report from the sender&#146;s fax machine. After any fax presentation, but not as a condition to its effectiveness, Beneficiary shall with reasonable promptness deliver
the original Drawing Documentation by any other means. Issuer will on request issue a receipt for Drawing Documentation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We agree,
irrevocably, and irrespective of any claim by any other person, to honor drafts drawn under and in conformity with this L/C, within the maximum amount of this L/C, presented to us on or before the Expiry Date, <U>provided</U> we also receive (on or
before the Expiry Date) any other Drawing Documentation this L/C requires. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">E-1 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We shall pay this L/C only from our own funds by check or wire transfer, in compliance with the
Drawing Documentation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If Beneficiary presents proper Drawing Documentation to us on or before the Expiry Date, then we shall pay under
this L/C at or before the following time (the &#147;<U>Payment Deadline</U>&#148;): (a) if presentment is made at or before noon of any Banking Day, then the close of such Banking Day; and (b)&nbsp;otherwise, the close of the next Banking Day. We
waive any right to delay payment beyond the Payment Deadline. If we determine that Drawing Documentation is not proper, then we shall so advise Beneficiary in writing, specifying all grounds for our determination, within one Banking Day after the
Payment Deadline. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Partial drawings are permitted. This L/C shall, except to the extent reduced thereby, survive any partial drawings.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We shall have no duty or right to inquire into the validity of or basis for any draw under this L/C or any Drawing Documentation. We
waive any defense based on fraud or any claim of fraud. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Expiry Date shall automatically be extended by one year (but never beyond
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (the &#147;<U>Outside Date</U>&#148;)) unless, on or before the date 90 days before any Expiry Date, we have given Beneficiary
notice that the Expiry Date shall not be so extended (a &#147;<U>Nonrenewal Notice</U>&#148;). We shall promptly upon request confirm any extension of the Expiry Date under the preceding sentence by issuing an amendment to this L/C, but such an
amendment is not required for the extension to be effective. We need not give any notice of the Outside Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Beneficiary may from time
to time without charge transfer this L/C, in whole but not in part, to any transferee (the &#147;<U>Transferee</U>&#148;). Issuer shall look solely to Account Party for payment of any fee for any transfer of this L/C. Such payment is not a condition
to any such transfer. Beneficiary or Transferee shall consummate such transfer by delivering to Issuer the original of this L/C and a Transfer Notice substantially in the form of <U>Attachment 2</U>, purportedly signed by Beneficiary, and
designating Transferee. Issuer shall promptly reissue or amend this L/C in favor of Transferee as Beneficiary. Upon any transfer, all references to Beneficiary shall automatically refer to Transferee, who may then exercise all rights of Beneficiary.
Issuer expressly consents to any transfers made from time to time in compliance with this paragraph. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any notice to Beneficiary shall be
in writing and delivered by hand with receipt acknowledged or by overnight delivery service such as FedEx (with proof of delivery) at the above address, or such other address as Beneficiary may specify by written notice to Issuer. A copy of any such
notice shall also be delivered, as a condition to the effectiveness of such notice, to: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (or such replacement as Beneficiary
designates from time to time by written notice). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No amendment that adversely affects Beneficiary shall be effective without
Beneficiary&#146;s written consent. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">E-2 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This L/C is subject to and incorporates by reference: (a)&nbsp;the International Standby
Practices 98 (&#147;<U>ISP 98</U>&#148;); and (b)&nbsp;to the extent not inconsistent with ISP 98, Article 5 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:56%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Very truly yours, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:56%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[Issuer Signature] </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">E-3 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ATTACHMENT 1 TO EXHIBIT E </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">FORM OF SIGHT DRAFT </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[B<SMALL>ENEFICIARY</SMALL> L<SMALL>ETTERHEAD</SMALL>] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">TO: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Name and Address of Issuer] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SIGHT DRAFT </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">AT SIGHT, pay to the Order
of <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>, the sum of
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> United States Dollars ($<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>). Drawn under [Issuer] Letter of Credit
No. <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> dated
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Issuer is hereby
directed to pay the proceeds of this Sight Draft solely to the following account: <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>.] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Name and signature block, with signature or purported signature of Beneficiary] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Date: <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">E-1-1 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ATTACHMENT 2 TO EXHIBIT E </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">FORM OF TRANSFER NOTICE </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[B<SMALL>ENEFICIARY</SMALL> L<SMALL>ETTERHEAD</SMALL>] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">TO: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Name and Address of Issuer] (the
&#147;<U>Issuer</U>&#148;) </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>TRANSFER NOTICE </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">By signing below, the undersigned, Beneficiary (the &#147;<U>Beneficiary</U>&#148;) under Issuer&#146;s Letter of Credit No.
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> dated
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> (the &#147;<U>L/C</U>&#148;), transfers the L/C to the following transferee (the &#147;<U>Transferee</U>&#148;): </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Transferee Name and Address] </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The original L/C is enclosed.
Beneficiary directs Issuer to reissue or amend the L/C in favor of Transferee as Beneficiary. Beneficiary represents and warrants that Beneficiary has not transferred, assigned, or encumbered the L/C or any interest in the L/C, which transfer,
assignment, or encumbrance remains in effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Name and signature block, with signature or purported signature of Beneficiary] </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Date: <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">E-2-1 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT F </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>RULES AND REGULATIONS </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">NOTHING IN THESE RULES AND REGULATIONS (&#147;<U>RULES AND REGULATIONS</U>&#148;) SHALL SUPPLANT ANY PROVISION OF THE LEASE. IN THE EVENT OF A
CONFLICT OR INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THESE RULES AND REGULATIONS AND THE LEASE, THE LEASE SHALL PREVAIL. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Tenant Party shall
encumber or obstruct the common entrances, lobbies, elevators, sidewalks and stairways of the Building(s) or the Project or use them for any purposes other than ingress or egress to and from the Building(s) or the Project. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as specifically provided in the Lease, no sign, placard, picture, advertisement, name or notice shall be installed or
displayed on any part of the outside of the Premises or the Building(s) without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent. Landlord shall have the right to remove, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense and without notice, any sign installed or
displayed in violation of this rule. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Landlord objects in writing to any curtains, blinds, shades, screens, hanging plants or
other similar objects attached to or used in connection with any window or door of the Premises or placed on any windowsill, and (a)&nbsp;such window, door or windowsill is visible from the exterior of the Premises and (b)&nbsp;such curtain, blind,
shade, screen, hanging plant or other object is not included in plans approved by Landlord, then Tenant shall promptly remove such curtains, blinds, shades, screens, hanging plants or other similar objects at its sole cost and expense. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No deliveries shall be made that impede or interfere with other tenants in or the operation of the Project. Movement of furniture,
office equipment or any other large or bulky material(s) through the Common Area shall be restricted to such hours as Landlord may designate and shall be subject to reasonable restrictions that Landlord may impose. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not place a load upon any floor of the Premises that exceeds the load per square foot that (a)&nbsp;such floor was
designed to carry or (b)&nbsp;is allowed by Applicable Laws. Fixtures and equipment that cause noises or vibrations that may be transmitted to the structure of the Building(s) to such a degree as to be objectionable to other tenants shall be placed
and maintained by Tenant, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense, on vibration eliminators or other devices sufficient to eliminate such noises and vibrations to levels reasonably acceptable to Landlord and the affected tenants of the Project. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not use any method of HVAC other than that approved in writing by Landlord or present at the Project and serving the
Premises as of the Execution Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not install any radio, television or other antennae; cell or other
communications equipment; or other devices on the roof or exterior walls of the Premises except in accordance with the Lease. Tenant shall not interfere with radio, television or other digital or electronic communications at the Project or
elsewhere. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">F-1 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Canvassing, peddling, soliciting and distributing handbills or any other written
material within, on or around the Project (other than within the Premises) are prohibited. Tenant shall cooperate with Landlord to prevent such activities by any Tenant Party. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall store all of its trash, garbage and Hazardous Materials in receptacles within its Premises or in receptacles designated
by Landlord outside of the Premises. Tenant shall not place in any such receptacle any material that cannot be disposed of in the ordinary and customary manner of trash, garbage and Hazardous Materials disposal. Any Hazardous Materials transported
through Common Area shall be held in secondary containment devices. Tenant shall be responsible, at its sole cost and expense, for Tenant&#146;s removal of its trash, garbage and Hazardous Materials. Tenant is encouraged to participate in the waste
removal and recycling program in place at the Project. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Premises shall not be used for lodging or for any improper, immoral
or objectionable purpose. No cooking shall be done or permitted in the Premises; <U>provided</U>, however, that Tenant may use (a)&nbsp;equipment approved in accordance with the requirements of insurance policies that Landlord or Tenant is required
to purchase and maintain pursuant to the Lease for brewing coffee, tea, hot chocolate and similar beverages, (b)&nbsp;microwave ovens for employees&#146; use and (c)&nbsp;equipment shown on Tenant Improvement plans approved by Landlord;
<U>provided</U>, further, that any such equipment and microwave ovens are used in accordance with Applicable Laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant
shall not, without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, use the name of the Project, if any, in connection with or in promoting or advertising Tenant&#146;s business except as Tenant&#146;s address. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall comply with all safety, fire protection and evacuation procedures and regulations established by Landlord or any
Governmental Authority. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant assumes any and all responsibility for protecting the Premises from theft, robbery and
pilferage, which responsibility includes keeping doors locked and other means of entry to the Premises closed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall
not modify any locks to the Premises without Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, which consent Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay. Tenant shall furnish Landlord with copies of keys, pass cards or similar devices for
locks to the Premises. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall cooperate and participate in all reasonable security programs affecting the Premises. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall not permit any animals in the Project, other than for service animals or for use in laboratory experiments. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bicycles shall not be taken into the Building(s) (including the elevators and stairways of the Building) except into areas
designated by Landlord. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">F-2 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The water and wash closets and other plumbing fixtures shall not be used for any
purposes other than those for which they were constructed, and no sweepings, rubbish, rags or other substances shall be deposited therein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Discharge of industrial sewage shall only be permitted if Tenant, at its sole expense, first obtains all necessary permits and
licenses therefor from all applicable Governmental Authorities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">20.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Smoking is prohibited inside the Buildings, except in
designated outdoor areas of the Project (if any). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">21.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Project&#146;s hours of operation are currently 24 hours a day seven
days a week. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant shall comply with all orders, requirements and conditions now or hereafter imposed by Applicable Laws or
Landlord (&#147;<U>Waste Regulations</U>&#148;) regarding the collection, sorting, separation and recycling of waste products, garbage, refuse and trash generated by Tenant (collectively, &#147;<U>Waste Products</U>&#148;), including (without
limitation) the separation of Waste Products into receptacles reasonably approved by Landlord and the removal of such receptacles in accordance with any collection schedules prescribed by Waste Regulations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">23.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense, shall cause the Premises to be exterminated on a monthly basis to Landlord&#146;s
reasonable satisfaction and shall cause all portions of the Premises used for the storage, preparation, service or consumption of food or beverages to be cleaned daily in a manner reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, and to be treated against
infestation by insects, rodents and other vermin and pests whenever there is evidence of any infestation. Tenant shall not permit any person to enter the Premises or the Project for the purpose of providing such extermination services, unless such
persons have been approved by Landlord. If requested by Landlord, Tenant shall, at Tenant&#146;s sole cost and expense, store any refuse generated in the Premises by the consumption of food or beverages in a cold box or similar facility. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">24.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Tenant desires to use any portion of the Common Area for a Tenant-related event, Tenant must notify Landlord in writing at least
thirty (30)&nbsp;days prior to such event on the form attached as <U>Attachment 1</U> to this Exhibit, which use shall be subject to Landlord&#146;s prior written consent, not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. Notwithstanding
anything in this Lease or the completed and executed Attachment to the contrary, Tenant shall be solely responsible for setting up and taking down any equipment or other materials required for the event, and shall promptly pick up any litter and
report any property damage to Landlord related to the event. Any use of the Common Area pursuant to this Section shall be subject to the provisions of <U>Article 28</U> of the Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Landlord may waive any one or more of these Rules and Regulations for the benefit of Tenant or any other tenant, but no such waiver by
Landlord shall be construed as a waiver of such Rules and Regulations in favor of Tenant or any other tenant, nor prevent Landlord from thereafter enforcing any such Rules and Regulations against any or all of the tenants of the Project, including
Tenant. These Rules and Regulations are in addition to, and shall not be construed to in any way modify or amend, in whole or in part, the terms covenants, agreements and conditions of the Lease. Landlord reserves the right to make such other and
reasonable </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">F-3 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
additional rules and regulations as, in its judgment, may from time to time be needed for safety and security, the care and cleanliness of the Project, or the preservation of good order therein;
<U>provided</U>, however, that Tenant shall not be obligated to adhere to such additional rules or regulations until Landlord has provided Tenant with written notice thereof. Tenant agrees to abide by these Rules and Regulations and any such
additional rules and regulations issued or adopted by Landlord. Tenant shall be responsible for the observance of these Rules and Regulations by all Tenant Parties. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">F-4 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ATTACHMENT 1 TO EXHIBIT F </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>REQUEST FOR USE OF COMMON AREA </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U>REQUEST FOR USE OF COMMON AREA </U></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date&nbsp;of&nbsp;Request:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Landlord/Owner:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Tenant/Requestor:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Property&nbsp;Location:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Event&nbsp;Description:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Proposed&nbsp;Plan&nbsp;for&nbsp;Security&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Cleaning:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date of
Event:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Hours&nbsp;of&nbsp;Event:&nbsp;(to&nbsp;include&nbsp;set-up&nbsp;and&nbsp;take&nbsp;down):&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Location at Property (see attached
map):&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Attendees:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Open to the Public?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Food and/or Beverages?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If YES: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Will food be prepared on site?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Please&nbsp;describe:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Will alcohol be served?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Please&nbsp;describe:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Will attendees be charged for alcohol?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">F-1-1 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">



<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Is alcohol license or permit required?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Does caterer have alcohol license or permit:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;YES&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;N/A </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other Amenities (tent, booths, band, food trucks, bounce house,
etc.):<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other Event Details or Special
Circumstances:<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned certifies that the foregoing is true, accurate and complete and he/she is duly authorized to sign and submit
this request on behalf of the Tenant/Requestor named above. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC., </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a Delaware corporation </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="13%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">F-1-2 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT G </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>APPROVED VENDOR LIST </U></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">G-1 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT H </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>TENANT&#146;S PROPERTY </U></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P>

 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">H-1 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT I </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>FORM OF ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE </U></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">To:</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-Pacific</FONT> Research Center LP </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17190 Bernardo Center
Drive </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">San Diego, California 92128 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention: Legal Department </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">BioMed Realty, L.P. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17190
Bernardo Center Drive </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">San Diego, California 92128 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">Re:</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">First and second floors (the &#147;<U>Premises</U>&#148;) at 7707 Gateway Boulevard, Newark, California (the &#147;<U>Property</U>&#148;) </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned tenant (&#147;<U>Tenant</U>&#148;) hereby certifies to you as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant is a tenant at the Property under a lease (the &#147;<U>Lease</U>&#148;) for the Premises dated as of
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>], 20[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]. The Lease has not been cancelled, modified, assigned, extended or amended [except as follows:
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]], and there are no other agreements, written or oral, affecting or relating to Tenant&#146;s lease of the Premises or
any other space at the Property. The lease term expires on [<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>], 20[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant took possession of the Premises, currently consisting of
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>] square feet, on [<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>],
20[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>], and commenced to pay rent on [<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>], 20[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]. Tenant has full possession of the Premises, has not assigned
the Lease or sublet any part of the Premises, and does not hold the Premises under an assignment or sublease[, except as follows:
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]]. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All base rent, rent escalations and additional rent under the Lease have been paid through
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>], 20[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]. There is no prepaid rent[, except $[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]][, and the amount of security
deposit is $[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>] [in cash][OR][in the form of a letter of credit]]. Tenant currently has no right to any future rent abatement under the Lease. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base rent is currently payable in the amount of $[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>] per month. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant is currently paying estimated payments of additional rent of $[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>] per
month on account of real estate taxes, insurance, management fees and Common Area maintenance expenses. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All work to be
performed for Tenant under the Lease has been performed as required under the Lease and has been accepted by Tenant[, except
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]], and all allowances to be paid to Tenant, including allowances for tenant improvements, moving expenses or other
items, have been paid. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Lease is in full force and effect, free from default to Tenant&#146;s knowledge and free from any
event that could become a default under the Lease to Tenant&#146;s knowledge, and to Tenant&#146;s knowledge, Tenant has no claims against the landlord or offsets or defenses against rent, and there are no disputes with the landlord. Tenant has
received no notice of prior sale, transfer, assignment, hypothecation or pledge of the Lease or of the rents payable thereunder[, except
[<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>]]. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">I-1 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tenant has no rights or options to purchase the Property. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To Tenant&#146;s knowledge, no hazardous wastes have been generated, treated, stored or disposed of by or on behalf of Tenant in, on
or around the Premises or the Project in violation of any environmental laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned has executed this Estoppel
Certificate with the knowledge and understanding that [INSERT NAME OF LANDLORD, PURCHASER OR LENDER, AS APPROPRIATE] or its assignee is [acquiring the Property/making a loan secured by the Property] in reliance on this certificate and that the
undersigned shall be bound by this certificate. The statements contained herein may be relied upon by [INSERT NAME OF PURCHASER OR LENDER, AS APPROPRIATE], <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BMR-Pacific</FONT> Research Center LP, BioMed Realty, L.P., <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BRE-Edison</FONT> Parent L.P., and any [other] mortgagee of the Property and their respective successors and assigns. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any
capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the respective meanings given in the Lease. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dated this [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
day of [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 20[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC., </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">a Delaware corporation </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">By:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Name:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Title:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">I-2 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT J </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>LANDLORD WORK AREA </U></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<IMG SRC="g310331g0303134538062.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-21.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>d310331dex211.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-21.1
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 21.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SUBSIDIARIES OF PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH="51%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="47%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Subsidiary</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Jurisdiction of Formation/Organization</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Protagonist Pty Limited</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Australia</TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>d310331dex231.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.1
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 23.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> (No. 333-213120) of
Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. of our report dated March&nbsp;7, 2017 relating to the consolidated financial statements, which&nbsp;appears in this&nbsp;Form 10-K. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">San Jose, CA </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">March&nbsp;7, 2017 </P>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>d310331dex311.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-31.1
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 31.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Pursuant to Section&nbsp;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">I, Dinesh V. Patel, certify that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">1.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc.; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">2.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">3.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">4.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant
and we have: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&#146;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&#146;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&#146;s fourth fiscal quarter
in the case of an Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">5.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&#146;s auditors and the audit committee of the
registrant&#146;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&#146;s ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial information; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date: March&nbsp;7, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">President, Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 31.2 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Pursuant to Section&nbsp;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">I, Thomas P. O&#146;Neil, certify that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">1.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc.; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">2.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">3.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">4.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant
and we have: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&#146;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&#146;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&#146;s fourth fiscal quarter
in the case of an Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">5.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&#146;s auditors and the audit committee of the
registrant&#146;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&#146;s ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial information; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Thomas P. O&#146;Neil</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date: March&nbsp;7, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>Thomas P. O&#146;Neil</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Chief Financial Officer</TD></TR>
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<TYPE>EX-32.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>d310331dex321.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-32.1
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<TITLE>EX-32.1</TITLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 32.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;) and
Section&nbsp;1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. &#167;1350), Dinesh V. Patel, Chief Executive Officer of Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. (the &#147;Company&#148;), and Thomas P. O&#146;Neil, Chief Financial Officer of
the Company, each hereby certify that, to the best of his knowledge: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;The Company&#146;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended
December&nbsp;31, 2016 (the &#147;Annual Report&#148;), to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1, fully complies with the requirements of Section&nbsp;13(a) or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange Act; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date: March&nbsp;7, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D.</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">President, Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Thomas P. O&#146;Neil</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date:&nbsp;March 7, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>Thomas P. O&#146;Neil</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">Chief Financial Officer</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This certification accompanies the Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the
Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. </P>
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  <us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_B6CE5F64-0E05-4643-ACC9-26CF45CE96EA_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock-based Compensation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based
 on the estimated fair values of the awards as of the grant date
 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based
 compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service
 period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of
 the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately
 expected to vest. As such, the Company&amp;#x2019;s stock-based
 compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the date
 of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual
 forfeitures differ from those estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Stock-based compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees as consideration for services received is measured on
 the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration
 received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, using
 the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more
 reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees is periodically remeasured as the underlying options
 vest.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_5">-117000</us-gaap:AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments>
  <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_BC1AE778-704B-47C8-BF5C-99BAD09EED65_1_1">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="shares" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_8BDAA163-069E-4E77-BB83-32BBA211829A_1_3">2393829</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_533E0BF9-006B-4D89-B195-2E4E89B13B54_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Restricted Cash&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Restricted cash consisted of cash balances primarily held as
 security in connection with the Company&amp;#x2019;s corporate credit
 card.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy>
  <dei:DocumentType contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_78F63AA0-437D-487D-8162-5AA93D645EED_1_0">10-K</dei:DocumentType>
  <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_BC1AE778-704B-47C8-BF5C-99BAD09EED65_1_2">0001377121</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
  <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9006_27">2130000</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
  <dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_78F63AA0-437D-487D-8162-5AA93D645EED_1_2">2016-12-31</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
  <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_29">17029000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease>
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD_per_shares" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_10">-5.80</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted>
  <us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_083A67EC-7D1E-4641-8D1D-10F8E3006D35_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair
 value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s Level 3 financial instruments as
 follows (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="85%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Beginning balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,017&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Change in fair value upon revaluation&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,194&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;626&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability due to the issuance of Series C redeemable convertible
 preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,837&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Ending balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
 Liability:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Beginning balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,023&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Change in fair value upon revaluation&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;525&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(543&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant
 liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,005&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Ending balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
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  <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_B4381316-35F9-44BE-ACA1-DF1D58ADC4A6_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Basis of Presentation and Consolidation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
 accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary,
 Protagonist Pty Ltd and have been prepared in conformity with
 accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
 America (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions
 have been eliminated in consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The financial statements of Protagonist Pty Ltd use the Australian
 dollar as the functional currency since the majority of expense
 transactions occur in such currency. Gains and losses from foreign
 currency transactions were not material for all periods presented.
 The re-measurement from Australian dollar to U.S. dollars is
 outlined below:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="4%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="4%" align="left"&gt;a.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;Equity accounts, except for the
 change in retained earnings during the year, have been translated
 using historical exchange rates.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="4%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="4%" align="left"&gt;b.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;All other Australian dollar
 denominated assets and liabilities as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and
 2015 have been translated using the year-end exchange rate.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="4%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="4%" align="left"&gt;c.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;The consolidated statements of
 operations have been translated at the weighted average exchange
 rates in effect during each year, except for depreciation, which
 has been translated at historical exchange rates.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reported as a
 component of stockholders&amp;#x2019; equity (deficit) in accumulated
 other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
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  <dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_78F63AA0-437D-487D-8162-5AA93D645EED_1_3">2016</dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus>
  <dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_78F63AA0-437D-487D-8162-5AA93D645EED_1_1">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
  <dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_BC1AE778-704B-47C8-BF5C-99BAD09EED65_1_3">--12-31</dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate>
  <dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_BC1AE778-704B-47C8-BF5C-99BAD09EED65_1_5">Yes</dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus>
  <us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_2">6961000</us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
  <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_D1A1F849-BAA0-4546-BE46-1D6CA4865F3B_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Concentrations of Credit Risk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
 concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and
 available-for-sale securities. Substantially all the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s cash is held by one financial institution that
 management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may,
 at times, exceed federally insured limits.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
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 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability stems
 from the initial sale of the Company&amp;#x2019;s Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock wherein the Company was obligated to
 sell additional shares in subsequent closings contingent upon a
 majority of the stockholders of the outstanding redeemable
 convertible preferred stock and/or the achievement of certain
 development milestones. The subsequent closings were deemed to be
 freestanding financial instruments that were at the option of the
 holders. The Company estimated the fair value of this liability
 using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the
 Option Pricing Model. The change in fair value was recognized as a
 gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note
 10 for further discussion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock tranche liability and related valuations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The determination of the fair value of the redeemable convertible
 preferred stock warrant liability is discussed in Note 8.
 Generally, increases or decreases in the fair value of the
 underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock would result in a
 directionally similar impact in the fair value measurement of the
 warrant liability.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_A0E2D4B5-8101-46E6-AFB0-117205DC969A_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cash Equivalents&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at
 cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all
 highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of
 three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents
 consist of amounts invested in money market funds, commercial paper
 and government bonds.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_63C49BC8-9710-4301-8FDC-0AED567B3CBA_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;12. Equity Plans&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Equity Incentive Plan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In May 2007, the Company established its 2007 Stock Option and
 Incentive Plan (the &amp;#x201C;2007 Plan&amp;#x201D;) which provides for the
 granting of stock options to employees and consultants of the
 Company. Options granted under the 2007 Plan may be either
 incentive stock options (ISOs) or nonqualified stock options
 (NSOs). ISOs may be granted only to Company employees (including
 officers and directors who are also employees). NSOs may be granted
 to Company employees and consultants. Options under the 2007 Plan
 have a term of ten years and generally vest over a four-year period
 with one-year cliff vesting.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In July 2016, the Company&amp;#x2019;s board of directors and
 stockholders approved the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the
 &amp;#x201C;2016 Plan&amp;#x201D;) to replace the 2007 Stock Option Plan and
 became effective upon the IPO. The 2016 Plan is administered by the
 Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of
 Directors, which determines the types of awards to be granted,
 including the number of shares subject to the awards, the exercise
 price and the vesting schedule. Under the 2016 Plan, 1,200,000
 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock have been initially
 reserved for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock units
 and other awards to employees, directors and consultants. Options
 granted under the 2016 Plan expire no later than 10 years from the
 date of grant. The exercise price of each option may not be less
 than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the date
 of grant. Options may be granted to stockholders possessing more
 than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of
 stocks of the Company at an exercise price at least 110% of the
 fair value of the common stock at the date of grant and the options
 are not exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date
 of grant. Employee stock options generally vest 25% upon one year
 of continued service to the Company, with the remainder in monthly
 increments over three additional years. Upon adoption of the 2016
 Plan, no additional stock awards will be issued under the 2007
 Stock Option Plan. Options granted under the 2007 Stock Option Plan
 that were outstanding on the date the 2016 plan became effective
 remain subject to the terms of the 2007 Stock Option Plan. The
 number of options available for grant under the 2007 Plan was
 ceased and the number was added to the common stock reserved for
 issuance under the 2016 Plan. As of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, the
 Company has reserved 1,200,000 shares of common stock for issuance
 under the 2016 Plan.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock Options&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Activity under the Company&amp;#x2019;s equity incentive plans is set
 forth below:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="50%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options Outstanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;br /&gt;
 Available&amp;#xA0;for&lt;br /&gt;
 Grant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;br /&gt;
 Outstanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Average&lt;br /&gt;
 Exercise&lt;br /&gt;
 Price Per&lt;br /&gt;
 Share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Average&lt;br /&gt;
 Remaining&lt;br /&gt;
 Contractual&lt;br /&gt;
 Life (years)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br /&gt;
 Intrinsic&lt;br /&gt;
 Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;(in&amp;#xA0;thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2013&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,082&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;284,879&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.10&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7.92&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additional options authorized&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;240,425&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options granted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(199,519&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;199,519&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.83&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercised&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,548&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.30&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options forfeited&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,844&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,844&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.13&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;116,832&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;476,006&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.40&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.04&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additional options authorized&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;431,411&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options granted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(408,623&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;408,623&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.24&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercised&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(43,852&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.30&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options forfeited&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,599&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,599&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.40&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;147,219&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;833,178&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.33&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.56&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additional options authorized&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,697,088&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options granted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,679,979&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,679,979&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14.24&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercised&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(119,328&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.28&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;164,328&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10.39&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;27,820&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercisable &amp;#x2013; December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;492,714&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5.19&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7.70&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8,286&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options vested and expected to vest &amp;#x2013; December&amp;#xA0;31,
 2016&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,369,135&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10.37&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;27,596&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding, exercisable,
 vested and expected to vest were calculated as the difference
 between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock on December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016. The
 aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $169,000 for the
 year ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value of
 options exercised was immaterial for the years ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 During the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the
 estimated weighted-average grant-date fair value of common stock
 underlying options granted was $8.20, $0.69, and $0.82 per share,
 respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Employee Stock Options Valuation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The fair value of employee and director stock option awards was
 estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing
 model with the following assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="59%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="5%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="5%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4.16&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;5.95&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5.89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.08&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62.5&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;64.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;59.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;64.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.27&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;1.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.57&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;1.58&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Prior to the completion of the Company&amp;#x2019;s IPO, the fair value
 of the Company&amp;#x2019;s shares of common stock underlying its stock
 options had historically been determined by the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 Board of Directors. Because there had been no public market for the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock prior to August 2016, the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s Board of Directors had determined fair value of the
 common stock at the time of grant of the option by considering a
 number of objective and subjective factors including important
 developments in the Company&amp;#x2019;s operations, valuations
 performed by an independent third party, sales of redeemable
 convertible preferred stock, actual operating results and financial
 performance, the conditions in the biotechnology industry and the
 economy in general, the stock price performance and volatility of
 comparable public companies, and the lack of liquidity of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock, among other factors. For stock
 options granted after the completion of the IPO, the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s Board of Directors determined the fair value of
 each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of
 the Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock as reported on the date of
 grant.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In determining the fair value of the options granted, the Company
 uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assumptions
 discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally
 requires significant judgment to determine.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Expected Term&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#x2014;The Company&amp;#x2019;s expected term
 represents the period that the Company&amp;#x2019;s options granted are
 expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified
 method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end
 of the contractual term). The Company has very limited historical
 information to develop reasonable expectations about future
 exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior
 for its stock option grants.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Expected Volatility&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#x2014;Since the Company does not have a
 long trading history for its common stock, the expected volatility
 is estimated based on the average volatility for comparable
 publicly traded biopharmaceutical companies over a period equal to
 the expected term of the stock option grants. The comparable
 companies were chosen based on their similar size, stage in the
 life cycle or area of specialty.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Risk-Free Interest Rate&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#x2014;The risk-free interest rate is
 based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues in effect at the time
 of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of
 option.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Expected Dividend&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#x2014;The Company has never paid dividends
 on its common stock and has no plans to pay dividends on its common
 stock. Therefore, the Company used an expected dividend yield of
 zero.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock Options Granted to Non-employees&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Stock-based compensation related to stock options granted to
 non-employees is recognized as the stock options are earned. The
 fair value of the stock options granted was calculated at each
 reporting date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
 the following assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="58%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.59&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;9.97&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;9.4&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62.5&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;62.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;59.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;64.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.29&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;1.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.95&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2.34&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 During the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the
 Company granted 59,647, 4,816, and 11,805 shares, respectively, to
 non-employee consultants. The Company recorded stock-based
 compensation expense during the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016,
 2015, and 2014 of $505,000, $15,000, and $5,000, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Employee Stock Purchase Plan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In July 2016, the Company&amp;#x2019;s board of directors and
 stockholders approved the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the
 &amp;#x201C;2016 ESPP&amp;#x201D;), which became effective upon the IPO. The
 2016 ESPP is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan
 under Section&amp;#xA0;423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
 amended, and is administered by the Company&amp;#x2019;s board of
 directors and the Compensation Committee of the board of directors.
 Under the 2016 ESPP, 150,000 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common
 stock have been initially reserved for employee purchases of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock, with an automatic annual increase to
 the shares issuable under the 2016 ESPP on the first day of each
 fiscal year for a period of up to 10 years in an amount equal to
 (i)&amp;#xA0;the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares of common
 stock outstanding on December&amp;#xA0;31 of the preceding fiscal year
 and 300,000 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock, or
 (ii)&amp;#xA0;a lower number determined by the Board of Directors. The
 2016 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock at a discount through payroll
 deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. At the end
 of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at
 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 common stock at the beginning of the offering period or at the end
 of each applicable purchase period.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The fair value of the rights granted under the 2016 ESPP was
 calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the
 following assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="68%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="74%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="21%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year
 Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&amp;#xA0;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.60&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;52.48&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.45&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for both
 employees and non-employees for stock options and the 2016 ESPP was
 as follows (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="69%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Research and development&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,080&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;39&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 General and administrative&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,050&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;60&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total stock-based compensation expense&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,130&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;99&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;42&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 As of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 there was $12.6 million of total
 unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to stock
 options that the Company expects to recognize over a period of
 approximately 3.12 years.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_ADFE7EF2-9960-4A6B-A7CB-BE7D2FA7DEA9_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common
 Stockholders&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is
 calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common
 stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common
 stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of
 potentially dilutive securities. The net loss attributable to
 common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss of the
 Company for the accretion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common
 stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable
 to common stockholders for all periods presented since the effect
 of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net
 loss of the Company.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
  <dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_78F63AA0-437D-487D-8162-5AA93D645EED_1_4">FY</dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus>
  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_9A602B7F-A300-42FB-A6F2-578A40971CAB_1_4">-37320000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
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 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Comprehensive Loss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders&amp;#x2019;
 equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to
 stockholders. The Company&amp;#x2019;s foreign currency translation and
 unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities
 represent the only components of other comprehensive loss that are
 excluded from the reported net loss and that are presented in the
 consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="3" id="id_8601423_9933890F-44C9-416B-9962-CA4FFF21BCFC_1_5">0.014</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
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  <dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_BC1AE778-704B-47C8-BF5C-99BAD09EED65_1_6">No</dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers>
  <us-gaap:FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_3F34A9BA-A496-4D8A-94E7-66966A4DD688_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table presents the fair value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 financial assets and liabilities determined using the inputs
 defined above (amounts in thousands).&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,841&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,841&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Governmental bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,289&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,289&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total financial assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;73,899&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,169&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total financial assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,868&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,004&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Liabilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total financial liabilities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,123&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,123&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_FBC8881B-E07E-4B0E-867D-707DDD786D7A_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;3. Fair Value Measurements&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. The
 accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for
 measuring fair value, clarifies the definition of fair value and
 expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value
 is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or
 paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly
 transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The
 accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which
 prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in
 measuring fair value as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Level 1&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#x2014;Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active
 markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement
 date.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Level 2&amp;#x2014;&lt;/i&gt;Inputs (other than quoted market prices
 included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable
 for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at
 the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument&amp;#x2019;s
 anticipated life.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;Level 3&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#x2014;Inputs reflect management&amp;#x2019;s best
 estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset
 or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the
 risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in
 the inputs to the model.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In determining fair value, the Company utilizes quoted market
 prices, broker or dealer quotation, or valuation techniques that
 maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
 unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers
 counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table presents the fair value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 financial assets and liabilities determined using the inputs
 defined above (amounts in thousands).&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,841&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,841&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Governmental bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,289&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,289&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total financial assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;73,899&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,169&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Assets:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total financial assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,868&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,004&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Liabilities:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total financial liabilities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,123&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,123&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The corporate bonds, commercial paper and government bonds are
 classified as Level 2 as they were valued based upon quoted market
 prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for
 identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and
 model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs
 are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable
 market data for substantially the full term of the assets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Level 3 instruments are valued based on unobservable inputs that
 are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s assumptions in measuring fair value. The fair value
 measurements of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability and the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant
 liability were based on significant inputs not observed in the
 market and thus represent a Level 3 measurement.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability stems
 from the initial sale of the Company&amp;#x2019;s Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock wherein the Company was obligated to
 sell additional shares in subsequent closings contingent upon a
 majority of the stockholders of the outstanding redeemable
 convertible preferred stock and/or the achievement of certain
 development milestones. The subsequent closings were deemed to be
 freestanding financial instruments that were at the option of the
 holders. The Company estimated the fair value of this liability
 using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the
 Option Pricing Model. The change in fair value was recognized as a
 gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note
 10 for further discussion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock tranche liability and related valuations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The determination of the fair value of the redeemable convertible
 preferred stock warrant liability is discussed in Note 8.
 Generally, increases or decreases in the fair value of the
 underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock would result in a
 directionally similar impact in the fair value measurement of the
 warrant liability.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair
 value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s Level 3 financial instruments as
 follows (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="85%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Beginning balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,017&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Change in fair value upon revaluation&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,194&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;626&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability due to the issuance of Series C redeemable convertible
 preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,837&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Ending balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,643&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
 Liability:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Beginning balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,023&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Change in fair value upon revaluation&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;525&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(543&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant
 liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,005&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Ending balance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossRealizedGainLossNet contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_AC13E5B5-41F4-48A7-AEBA-A939DE78B562_1_1">0</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossRealizedGainLossNet>
  <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_3623E82E-8415-4F52-A44C-740BE9EB000C_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;7. Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lease Arrangements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company leases its facility under a noncancelable operating
 lease that expires in April 2018. The Company has provided a
 security deposit of $30,000 as collateral for the lease, which is
 included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table summarizes the Company&amp;#x2019;s future minimum
 lease payments as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="68%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="86%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="10%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ending December&amp;#xA0;31:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 2017&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 2018&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;87&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;455&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company&amp;#x2019;s rent expense was $408,000, $280,000 and
 $184,000 for the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014,
 respectively. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis
 over the term of the leases and accordingly, the Company records
 the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of
 rent expense as a deferred rent liability.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indemnifications&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into
 agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to
 such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and
 defend an indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the
 indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to
 those arising from third party actions. In some cases, the
 indemnification will continue after the termination of the
 agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the
 Company could be required to make under these provisions is not
 determinable. The Company has also entered into indemnification
 agreements with its directors and officers that may require the
 Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities
 that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or
 officers to the fullest extent permitted by California corporate
 law. The Company currently has directors&amp;#x2019; and officers&amp;#x2019;
 insurance. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs to
 defend lawsuits or settle claims related to the indemnification
 agreements. The Company believes that the fair value of these
 indemnification agreements is minimal and has not accrued any
 amounts for the obligations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_8">525000</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_F40DF920-E3DD-470A-99C5-8FEE29DB5F11_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;15. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common
 Stockholders&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 As the Company had net losses for the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31,
 2016, 2015 and 2014, all potential common shares were determined to
 be anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of
 the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common
 stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Numerator:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(37,177&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(14,858&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,072&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(558&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(75&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(146&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss attributable to common stockholders&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(37,735&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(14,933&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,218&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Denominator:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per common share,
 basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,501,796&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;251,717&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;227,197&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and
 diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5.80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(59.32&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(49.38&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" colspan="12"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em"&gt;
 The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities
 have been excluded from diluted net loss per share calculations for
 the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, because
 their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="12"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,323,103&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,899,134&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options to purchase common stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;833,178&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;476,006&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock on an
 as-converted basis&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;275,861&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;275,861&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,432,142&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,651,001&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="3" id="id_8601423_9933890F-44C9-416B-9962-CA4FFF21BCFC_1_6">0.000</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations>
  <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_750A5602-B852-4612-99CE-ED63253C198A_2_1">P3Y1M13D</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1>
  <us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_D73B5BC1-D36B-4CCE-8F5F-37CC75B594C8_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;5. Research Collaboration and License Agreement&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In October 2013, the Company&amp;#x2019;s former collaboration partner
 decided to abandon a collaboration program with the Company and,
 pursuant to the terms of the agreement between the Company and the
 former collaboration partner, the Company elected to assume the
 responsibility for the development and commercialization of the
 product. Upon the former collaboration partner&amp;#x2019;s abandonment,
 it assigned to the Company certain intellectual property arising
 from the collaboration and also granted the Company an exclusive
 license to certain background intellectual property rights of the
 former collaboration partner that relate to the products assumed by
 the Company. Upon the nomination of PTG-300 as a development
 candidate, the Company owed the former collaboration partner a
 payment of $250,000. If the Company initiates a Phase 1 clinical
 trial for PTG-300, it will pay the former collaboration partner an
 additional $250,000. The Company has the right, but not the
 obligation, to further develop and commercialize the products and,
 if the Company successfully develops and commercializes PTG-300
 without a partner, the Company will pay to the former collaboration
 partner up to an additional aggregate of $128.5 million for the
 achievement of certain development, regulatory and sales milestone
 events. In addition, the Company will pay to the former
 collaboration partner a low single digit royalty on worldwide net
 sales of the product until the later of ten years from the first
 commercial sale of the product or the expiration of the last patent
 covering the product. For the year ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016,
 the Company recorded research and development expense of $250,000
 under this agreement. There were no such costs incurred for the
 years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015 or 2014.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="3" id="id_8601423_9933890F-44C9-416B-9962-CA4FFF21BCFC_1_0">0.340</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
  <us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_9B9934BE-88B2-4797-A2A5-7FD2B93128C4_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fair Value of Financial Instruments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and
 liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the
 consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least
 annually). The carrying amount of the Company&amp;#x2019;s financial
 instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable and
 accrued expenses and other payables approximate fair value due to
 their short term maturities. See Note 3. Fair Value Measurements
 regarding the fair value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s other financial
 assets and liabilities.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy>
  <us-gaap:OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_D1609F5B-D303-4708-B2D2-F5B9D88B8842_1_0">408000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet>
  <us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_7">-34000</us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense>
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_19">14188000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities>
  <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_EEAD8298-F3EC-49DD-AF11-04177457A169_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;14. Income Taxes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 No provision for income taxes was recorded for the years ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Company has incurred net
 operating losses for all the periods presented. The Company has not
 reflected any benefit of such net operating loss carryforwards in
 the consolidated financial statements. The Company has established
 a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to
 the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The following table presents domestic and foreign components of net
 loss for the periods presented (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="57%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Domestic&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(34,977&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(10,483&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(9,515&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,200&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(4,375&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,557&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(37,177&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(14,858&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,072&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The effective tax rate of the provision for income taxes differs
 from the federal statutory rate as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="69%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Federal statutory income tax rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;34.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;34.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;34.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 State taxes, net of federal benefit&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4.1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Warrant revaluation&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(4.3&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5.5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Foreign tax rate difference&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1.6&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(6.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Change in valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(36.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(19.9&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(26.5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.4&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.6&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Provision for income taxes&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in
 thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="72%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Deferred tax assets:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,501&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;9,513&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Depreciation and amortization&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;419&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accruals/other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;908&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;293&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Research and development credits&amp;#xA0;&amp;amp; foreign credits&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;285&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;23,971&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,571&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(23,971&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(10,571&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon future
 taxable income, if any, the amount and timing of which are
 uncertain. The Company has established a valuation allowance to
 offset deferred tax assets as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015
 due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from its
 net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. The
 valuation allowance increased by approximately $13.4 million, $3.0
 million and $2.9 million during the year ended December&amp;#xA0;31,
 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in the valuation
 allowance is mainly related to the increase in net operating loss
 carryforwards incurred during the respective taxable years.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 At December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, the Company had net operating loss
 carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately
 $48.0 million which are available to offset future taxable income,
 if any, through 2033 and net operating loss carryforwards for state
 income tax purposes of approximately $37.7 million which are
 available to offset future taxable income, if any, through
 2033.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 At December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 the Company also had accumulated
 Australian tax losses of $9.2 million available for carry forward
 against future earnings which, under relevant tax laws, do not
 expire but may not be available under certain circumstances. As of
 December 31, 2016, the Company also had $1.1 million of federal and
 $0.6 million of state research and development tax credit
 carryforwards available to reduce future income taxes. The federal
 research and development tax credits will begin to expire in 2035,
 if not utilized. The state research and development tax credits
 have no expiration date.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 Federal and state laws impose substantial restrictions on the
 utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in
 the event of an ownership change for tax purposes, as defined in
 Section&amp;#xA0;382 of the Internal Revenue Code. As a result of such
 ownership changes, the Company&amp;#x2019;s ability to realize the
 potential future benefit of tax losses and tax credits that existed
 at the time of the ownership change may be significantly reduced.
 The Company&amp;#x2019;s deferred tax asset and related valuation
 allowance would be reduced as a result.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 It is the Company&amp;#x2019;s policy to include penalties and interest
 expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense, as
 necessary.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized
 tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="66%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Balance at beginning of year&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;805&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additions based on tax positions related to in prior years&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;707&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;690&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additions based on tax positions related to current year&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;619&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;115&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Balance at end of year&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,131&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;805&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The Company does not expect that its uncertain tax positions will
 materially change in the next twelve months. The reversal of the
 uncertain tax benefits would not impact the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 effective tax rate as the Company continues to maintain a full
 valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal
 jurisdiction, the State of California and Australia. The Company is
 not currently under examination by income tax authorities in
 federal, state or other jurisdictions. The Company&amp;#x2019;s tax
 returns for 2012 through 2016 remain open for examination due to
 the carryover of unused net operating losses and tax credits.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_07C2284E-2C57-4F9B-8F00-542F0A5BBD0C_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Available-for-Sale Securities&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 All marketable securities have been classified as
 &amp;#x201C;available-for-sale&amp;#x201D; and are carried at estimated fair
 value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing
 models for similar securities. Management determines the
 appropriate classification of its marketable securities at the time
 of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance
 sheet date. Short-term marketable securities have maturities less
 than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Long-term marketable
 securities have maturities greater than 365 days as of the balance
 sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings
 and are reported as a component of comprehensive loss. Realized
 gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than
 temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in
 interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the
 specific-identification method. Interest on marketable securities
 is included in interest income.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy>
  <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_3">32666000</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_8">-37177000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_21">-59328000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations>
  <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_9A602B7F-A300-42FB-A6F2-578A40971CAB_1_2">-76000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax>
  <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_9A602B7F-A300-42FB-A6F2-578A40971CAB_1_3">-67000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax>
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_C7D5D7B9-4341-4067-9F55-7B3AD3E95366_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in
 thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="69%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="10%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Laboratory equipment&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,650&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,452&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Furniture and computer equipment&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;163&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;140&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;48&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total property and equipment&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,875&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,640&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,313&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,031&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Property and equipment, net&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;562&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;609&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_14">3395000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9006_22">558000</us-gaap:IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock>
  <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_29997257-B43E-4CD9-8B7F-06DD85E5023A_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Impairment of Long-Lived Assets&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily comprised of
 property and equipment, for impairment or whenever events or
 changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
 asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by
 comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows
 which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are
 considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is
 measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets
 exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from
 the asset. There have been no such impairments of long-lived assets
 for any of the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_ABA4ED27-868D-4AC1-9B93-453492ED8B52_1_0">-34977000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_ABA4ED27-868D-4AC1-9B93-453492ED8B52_1_1">-2200000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_13">-115000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_11">1800000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets>
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_9">-37735000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic>
  <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_02DE8801-3478-41DC-8B73-461EB85FB08E_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2014-15, &lt;i&gt;Disclosure
 of Uncertainties About an Entity&amp;#x2019;s Ability to Continue as a
 Going Concern&lt;/i&gt;. ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform
 interim and annual assessments of an entity&amp;#x2019;s ability to
 continue as a going concern within one year of the date the
 financial statements are issued and provides guidance on
 determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in
 the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if
 conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity&amp;#x2019;s
 ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all
 entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods
 ending after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.
 The Company adopted this guidance effective December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016,
 and there was no impact on the disclosures to its consolidated
 financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In November 2015, FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2015-17, &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes
 (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes&lt;/i&gt;,
 which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are
 classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU
 eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance
 sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as noncurrent. The guidance is effective for annual
 periods beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2016 and for interim
 periods within those annual periods though early adoption is
 permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of the
 guidance will have a material effect on the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2016-02,
 &lt;i&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt; (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, (with the
 exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date, lessees
 will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use
 asset. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged, while lessees will
 no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing.
 Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02
 for fiscal years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2018, including
 interim periods within those fiscal years (January 1, 2019, for
 us). Early application is permitted. Lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition
 approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the
 beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not
 require any transition accounting for leases that expired before
 the earliest comparative period presented. While the Company is
 currently evaluating the impact that the guidance will have on its
 consolidated financial statements, the Company expects the
 non-cancellable operating lease commitments will be subject to the
 new guidance and recognized as right-of-use assets and operating
 lease liabilities on the Company&amp;#x2019;s consolidated balance
 sheets, but the Company does not expect the adoption of the new
 guidance to have a material impact on the Company&amp;#x2019;s results
 of operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09 Compensation-Stock
 Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based
 Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects
 of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions,
 including the income tax consequences, the determination of
 forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or
 liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.
 This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2016, and early
 adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
 impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on its
 consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&amp;#x201C;FASB&amp;#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&amp;#x201C;ASU&amp;#x201D;) No.&amp;#xA0;2016-13,&amp;#xA0;&lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments
 &amp;#x2013; Credit Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, which is intended to provide
 financial statement users with more useful information about
 expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting
 entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the
 existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology
 that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and
 supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected
 credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2019
 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2018.
 The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new
 guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2016-15, &lt;i&gt;Statement
 of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &amp;#x2013; Classification of Certain Cash
 Receipts and Cash Payments&lt;/i&gt;, which clarifies the classification
 of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statements of
 cash flow to eliminate the diversity in practice related to eight
 specific cash flow issues. This ASU is effective for fiscal years
 and interim periods within those years beginning after
 December&amp;#xA0;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company
 is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2016-18,
 &lt;i&gt;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &amp;#x2013; Restricted Cash,&lt;/i&gt;
 which requires the presentation of changes in restricted cash or
 restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This
 ASU is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2017, with early
 adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact
 of this new guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9006_30">-143000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
  <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_4">-32666000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
  <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_17">73169000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities>
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_27">106307000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations>
  <us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_4">-34000</us-gaap:GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_12">4000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets>
  <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_5">242000</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfQuarterlyFinancialInformationTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_1A884A0A-4635-426A-99C1-438A393C8E8C_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table presents the selected quarterly financial data
 for the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="62%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Consolidated Statements of
 Operations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Quarter Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March 31&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;June 30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;September&amp;#xA0;30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(In thousands,
 except per share amounts)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Loss from operations&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,040&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,091&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,138&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,397&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,747&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,098&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,084&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,248&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(40.96&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(19.07&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.87&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.67&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Loss from operations&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,689&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(3,083&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(4,021&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,001&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,697&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(3,219&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(3,449&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,493&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11.75&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(13.78&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(12.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(20.31&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfQuarterlyFinancialInformationTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsRollForwardTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_27539EF1-96A3-482C-A30C-7D056F27C6CA_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized
 tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="66%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Balance at beginning of year&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;805&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additions based on tax positions related to in prior years&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;707&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;690&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additions based on tax positions related to current year&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;619&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;115&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Balance at end of year&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,131&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;805&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsRollForwardTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-5" id="id_8601423_28AF2CD7-F8C7-4233-BEEC-E52E66A33FDC_1_0">13400000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount>
  <us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_7907DA9A-1D78-4FEF-94FC-93F8AF2A9456_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;1. Organization and Description of Business&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. (the &amp;#x201C;Company&amp;#x201D;) was
 incorporated in the state of Delaware on August&amp;#xA0;22, 2006 and
 is headquartered in Milpitas, California. The Company is a
 clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a proprietary peptide
 technology platform focused on discovering and developing new
 chemical entities to address significant unmet medical needs.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Protagonist Pty Ltd is a wholly-owned subsidiary located in
 Brisbane, Australia. The Company manages its operations as a single
 operating segment.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reverse Stock Split&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In July 2016, the Company&amp;#x2019;s board of directors approved an
 amendment to the Company&amp;#x2019;s amended and restated certificate
 of incorporation to effect a reverse split of the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 issued and outstanding common stock at a 1-for-14.5 ratio, which
 was effected on August&amp;#xA0;1, 2016. The par value and authorized
 shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock were not
 adjusted as a result of the reverse split. All issued and
 outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock and per
 share amounts contained in the consolidated financial statements
 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split
 for all periods presented. The consolidated financial statements
 have also been retroactively adjusted to reflect a proportional
 adjustment to the conversion ratio for each series of preferred
 stock in connection with the reverse stock split.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Initial Public Offering&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 On August&amp;#xA0;10, 2016, the Company&amp;#x2019;s registration statement
 on Form S-1 (File Nos. 333-212476 and 333-213071) relating to its
 initial public offering (&amp;#x201C;IPO&amp;#x201D;) of common stock became
 effective. The IPO closed on August&amp;#xA0;16, 2016 at which time the
 Company issued 7,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price of
 $12.00 per share. In addition, upon closing the IPO, all
 outstanding shares of the redeemable convertible preferred stock
 converted into 8,577,571 shares of common stock and there are no
 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding. In
 September 2016, the Company issued an additional 252,972 shares of
 common stock at a price of $12.00 per share following the
 underwriters&amp;#x2019; exercise of their option to purchase additional
 shares. The Company received an aggregate of $83.6 million in cash,
 net of underwriting discounts and commissions, and after deducting
 offering costs paid by the Company.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Liquidity&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The Company has incurred net losses from operations since inception
 and has an accumulated deficit of $64.6 million as of
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016. The Company&amp;#x2019;s ultimate success
 depends on the outcome of its research and development activities.
 The Company expects to incur additional losses and negative cash
 flows for the foreseeable future and it anticipates the need to
 raise additional capital to fully implement its business plan. The
 Company intends to raise such capital through the issuance of
 additional equity and/or strategic alliances with partner
 companies. As of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, the Company had $87.7
 million of cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities
 and management believes the existing cash, cash equivalents and
 available-for-sale securities will be sufficient to meet the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s anticipated operating and capital expenditure
 requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_0AC3803B-8ABB-4AF3-A0FF-8B99A4912E45_1_0">0</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_15">-29972000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations>
  <us-gaap:TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_394329C9-1FA1-4223-850A-95C24696DD60_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The table below provides information on the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015
 (in thousands, except shares and original issue price):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="51%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Original&lt;br /&gt;
 Issue&amp;#xA0;Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Authorized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Issued and&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Outstanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br /&gt;
 Liquidation&lt;br /&gt;
 Preference&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Series A&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.00&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,037,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,037,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,751&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,038&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Series B&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.50&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;40,000,000&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;36,000,000&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;18,825&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;18,000&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Series C&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.4979&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;80,337,411&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;35,147,617&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;16,420&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;17,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total redeemable convertible preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;126,374,911&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;77,185,117&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;36,996&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,538&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_5B0E6F0A-CFAF-4376-A838-CC458C2A0DE5_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for
 income taxes in accordance with the authoritative guidance for
 income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and
 liabilities are determined based on future tax consequences
 attributable to differences between the financial statement
 carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
 respective tax bases, and tax loss and credit carryforwards.
 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
 rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those
 temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The
 effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
 rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
 enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary
 to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
 realized.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if
 those positions are more likely than not of being sustained.
 Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount
 that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in
 recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the
 change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and
 penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax
 expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties recorded
 in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:LeaseExpirationDate1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_EF184BC0-F737-4E3E-9AB2-96092A4D1245_1_1">2024-06-30</us-gaap:LeaseExpirationDate1>
  <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_18">379000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment>
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_20">32000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_D4877148-D269-4703-9EFA-3D70EEDA928F_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the
 following (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Prepaid clinical and research related expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,488&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,253&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;906&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;305&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,394&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,558&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_B9ED57C3-F9FC-47F3-8C97-F9C7A805CB4D_1_8">0.0179</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum>
  <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_4BD11FD5-1572-4AC1-93CC-4B81DF8F5648_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;11. Common Stock&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance, on an
 as-converted basis, as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" border="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,323,103&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Options issued and outstanding&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;833,178&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Options available for future grants&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;164,328&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;147,219&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;275,861&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,558,157&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,579,361&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_C3341E02-56B6-4ADC-A785-16DD491B12B7_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in
 conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates,
 assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
 assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
 liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements
 and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
 reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its
 estimates, including those related to accruals for research and
 development activities, fair value of redeemable convertible
 preferred stock tranche liability, fair value of redeemable
 convertible preferred stock warrant liability, fair value of common
 stock, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Management bases
 these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and
 various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable
 under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events.
 Actual results may differ from those estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="3" id="id_8601423_9933890F-44C9-416B-9962-CA4FFF21BCFC_1_3">-0.016</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_E138BFC2-58F7-4E61-9418-941D7FA9DCE1_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Property and Equipment&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated
 depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line
 method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from
 three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
 shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the
 assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
 When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and
 accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance
 sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in
 the period realized.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_EB6DFC92-0AF0-4F15-A254-63F382096047_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;4. Balance Sheet Components&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cash Equivalents and Available-for-sale
 Securities&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities consisted of the
 following (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="68%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair&amp;#xA0;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,886&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(45&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,841&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Government bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,316&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(29&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,289&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,241&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(74&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,169&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Classified as:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;18,504&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Available-for-sale securities - current&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;56,515&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,150&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,169&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair&amp;#xA0;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,373&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,009&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,004&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Classified as:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Available-for-sale securities - current&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,868&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,004&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 All available-for-sale securities - current held as of
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015 had contractual
 maturities of less than one year. All available securities &amp;#x2013;
 noncurrent held as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 had contractual
 maturities of greater than one year but less than two years. There
 have been no material realized gains or losses on
 available-for-sale securities for the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the
 following (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Prepaid clinical and research related expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,488&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,253&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;906&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;305&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,394&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,558&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Property and Equipment, Net&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in
 thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="69%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="10%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Laboratory equipment&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,650&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,452&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Furniture and computer equipment&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;163&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;140&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Leasehold improvements&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;48&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total property and equipment&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,875&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,640&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,313&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,031&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Property and equipment, net&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;562&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;609&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Depreciation expense for the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016,
 2015 and 2014 was $317,000, $247,000 and $258,000, respectively. As
 of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015, $8,000 and $51,000,
 respectively, property and equipment, net, were located in
 Australia. The remainder of the assets are located in the United
 States.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accrued Expenses and Other Payables&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Accrued expenses and other payables consisted of the following (in
 thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accrued clinical and research related expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,617&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;976&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accrued employee related expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,420&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;754&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;235&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;149&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total accrued expenses and other payables&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,272&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,879&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_B9ED57C3-F9FC-47F3-8C97-F9C7A805CB4D_1_5">0.648</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum>
  <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_F07226C9-4F5B-49F7-A801-FACB8A8D6301_1_0">In July 2016, the Company&apos;s board of directors approved an amendment to the  Company&apos;s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse  split of the Company&apos;s issued and outstanding common stock at a 1-for-14.5  ratio, which was effected on August 1, 2016.</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_3E802CB5-0CE1-45D1-9759-391CCFCEBCE6_1_0">&lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" colspan="12"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em"&gt;
 The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities
 have been excluded from diluted net loss per share calculations for
 the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, because
 their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="12"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,323,103&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,899,134&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options to purchase common stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;833,178&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;476,006&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock on an
 as-converted basis&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;275,861&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;275,861&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,432,142&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,651,001&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_BDB17C86-BEE7-4665-9A70-E331CE56F667_1_1">707000</us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_8908BD2F-C2A5-4975-B5BA-28602B7E5BC5_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and
 diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in
 thousands, except share and per share data):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Numerator:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(37,177&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(14,858&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,072&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(558&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(75&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(146&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss attributable to common stockholders&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(37,735&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(14,933&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,218&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Denominator:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per common share,
 basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,501,796&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;251,717&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;227,197&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and
 diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5.80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(59.32&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(49.38&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;


 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_BF592264-D8BA-49D2-BAED-CDE6FE16EEEC_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for both
 employees and non-employees for stock options and the 2016 ESPP was
 as follows (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="69%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Research and development&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,080&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;39&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 General and administrative&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,050&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;60&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total stock-based compensation expense&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,130&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;99&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;42&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_4A90BAA5-F478-4149-86C3-4A0EA7CD4593_1_0">0.00</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_830172F6-8D4A-457B-8D36-7F2F92A91447_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance, on an
 as-converted basis, as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" border="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,323,103&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Options issued and outstanding&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;833,178&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Options available for future grants&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;164,328&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;147,219&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;275,861&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,558,157&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,579,361&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9006_23">66904000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_14F6BA6F-2EF8-4CF1-AD1E-81F77B834AE7_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities consisted of the
 following (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="68%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair&amp;#xA0;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,270&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,886&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(45&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,841&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,769&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Government bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,316&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(29&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,289&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,241&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(74&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,169&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Classified as:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;18,504&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Available-for-sale securities - current&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;56,515&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,150&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;85,169&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair&amp;#xA0;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,373&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,009&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,004&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Classified as:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,136&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Available-for-sale securities - current&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,868&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,004&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_26">83648000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_3F37B981-213E-494F-9E36-CBC190B3F138_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in
 thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="72%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Deferred tax assets:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;21,501&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;9,513&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Depreciation and amortization&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;419&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;480&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accruals/other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;908&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;293&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Research and development credits&amp;#xA0;&amp;amp; foreign credits&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;285&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;23,971&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,571&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(23,971&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(10,571&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net deferred tax assets&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_7646998B-E6A4-4DF8-9E9B-E0B2CF6EA4B3_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The following table presents domestic and foreign components of net
 loss for the periods presented (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="57%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Domestic&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(34,977&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(10,483&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(9,515&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,200&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(4,375&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,557&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(37,177&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(14,858&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,072&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_BDB17C86-BEE7-4665-9A70-E331CE56F667_1_2">619000</us-gaap:UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions>
  <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9006_25">83648000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_E61F6C88-D52E-4D49-8702-7EB638661062_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table summarizes the Company&amp;#x2019;s future minimum
 lease payments as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="68%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="86%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="10%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ending December&amp;#xA0;31:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amount&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 2017&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 2018&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;87&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;455&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_D694760A-F52A-48AA-B6B0-FD4DCF399093_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Basis of Presentation and Consolidation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
 accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary,
 Protagonist Pty Ltd and have been prepared in conformity with
 accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
 America (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions
 have been eliminated in consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The financial statements of Protagonist Pty Ltd use the Australian
 dollar as the functional currency since the majority of expense
 transactions occur in such currency. Gains and losses from foreign
 currency transactions were not material for all periods presented.
 The re-measurement from Australian dollar to U.S. dollars is
 outlined below:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="4%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="4%" align="left"&gt;a.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;Equity accounts, except for the
 change in retained earnings during the year, have been translated
 using historical exchange rates.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="4%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="4%" align="left"&gt;b.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;All other Australian dollar
 denominated assets and liabilities as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and
 2015 have been translated using the year-end exchange rate.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="4%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="4%" align="left"&gt;c.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;The consolidated statements of
 operations have been translated at the weighted average exchange
 rates in effect during each year, except for depreciation, which
 has been translated at historical exchange rates.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reported as a
 component of stockholders&amp;#x2019; equity (deficit) in accumulated
 other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in
 conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates,
 assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
 assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
 liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements
 and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
 reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its
 estimates, including those related to accruals for research and
 development activities, fair value of redeemable convertible
 preferred stock tranche liability, fair value of redeemable
 convertible preferred stock warrant liability, fair value of common
 stock, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Management bases
 these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and
 various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable
 under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events.
 Actual results may differ from those estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Concentrations of Credit Risk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
 concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and
 available-for-sale securities. Substantially all the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s cash is held by one financial institution that
 management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may,
 at times, exceed federally insured limits.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cash Equivalents&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at
 cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all
 highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of
 three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents
 consist of amounts invested in money market funds, commercial paper
 and government bonds.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Restricted Cash&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Restricted cash consisted of cash balances primarily held as
 security in connection with the Company&amp;#x2019;s corporate credit
 card.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Available-for-Sale Securities&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 All marketable securities have been classified as
 &amp;#x201C;available-for-sale&amp;#x201D; and are carried at estimated fair
 value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing
 models for similar securities. Management determines the
 appropriate classification of its marketable securities at the time
 of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance
 sheet date. Short-term marketable securities have maturities less
 than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Long-term marketable
 securities have maturities greater than 365 days as of the balance
 sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings
 and are reported as a component of comprehensive loss. Realized
 gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than
 temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in
 interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the
 specific-identification method. Interest on marketable securities
 is included in interest income.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fair Value of Financial Instruments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and
 liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the
 consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least
 annually). The carrying amount of the Company&amp;#x2019;s financial
 instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable and
 accrued expenses and other payables approximate fair value due to
 their short term maturities. See Note 3. Fair Value Measurements
 regarding the fair value of the Company&amp;#x2019;s other financial
 assets and liabilities.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Property and Equipment&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated
 depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line
 method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from
 three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
 shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the
 assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
 When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and
 accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance
 sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in
 the period realized.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Impairment of Long-Lived Assets&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily comprised of
 property and equipment, for impairment or whenever events or
 changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
 asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by
 comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows
 which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are
 considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is
 measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets
 exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from
 the asset. There have been no such impairments of long-lived assets
 for any of the periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accrued Research and Development Costs&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company accrues for estimated costs of research and development
 activities conducted by third-party service providers, which
 include the conduct of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and
 contract manufacturing activities. The Company records the
 estimated costs of research and development activities based upon
 the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced, and
 include these costs in accrued expenses and other payables in the
 consolidated balance sheets and within research and development
 expense in the consolidated statements of operations. These costs
 are a significant component of the Company&amp;#x2019;s research and
 development expenses. The Company accrues for these costs based on
 factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance
 with agreements established with its third-party service providers.
 The Company makes significant judgments and estimates in
 determining the accrued liabilities balance in each reporting
 period. As actual costs become known, the Company adjusts its
 accrued liabilities. The Company has not experienced any material
 differences between accrued costs and actual costs incurred.
 However, the status and timing of actual services performed, number
 of patients enrolled, and the rate of patient enrollments may vary
 from the Company&amp;#x2019;s estimates, resulting in adjustments to
 expense in future periods. Changes in these estimates that result
 in material changes to the Company&amp;#x2019;s accruals could
 materially affect the Company&amp;#x2019;s results of operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Comprehensive Loss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders&amp;#x2019;
 equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to
 stockholders. The Company&amp;#x2019;s foreign currency translation and
 unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities
 represent the only components of other comprehensive loss that are
 excluded from the reported net loss and that are presented in the
 consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for
 income taxes in accordance with the authoritative guidance for
 income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and
 liabilities are determined based on future tax consequences
 attributable to differences between the financial statement
 carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
 respective tax bases, and tax loss and credit carryforwards.
 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
 rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those
 temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The
 effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
 rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
 enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary
 to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
 realized.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if
 those positions are more likely than not of being sustained.
 Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount
 that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in
 recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the
 change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and
 penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax
 expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties recorded
 in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Research and Development Costs&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist
 of salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, lab
 supplies and facility costs, as well as fees paid to others that
 conduct certain research and development activities on the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s behalf.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Research and Development Tax Incentive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company is eligible under the AusIndustry research and
 development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the
 Australian Taxation Office (&amp;#x201C;ATO&amp;#x201D;). The tax incentive
 is available to the Company on the basis of specific criteria with
 which the Company must comply. Specifically, the Company must have
 revenue of less than AUD 20.0&amp;#xA0;million and cannot be controlled
 by income tax exempt entities.&amp;#xA0;These research and development
 tax incentives are recognized as contra research and development
 expense when the right to receive has been attained and funds are
 considered to be collectible. The tax incentive is denominated in
 Australian dollars and, therefore, the related receivable is
 remeasured into U.S. dollars as of each reporting date.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Under certain conditions, research and development activities
 conducted outside Australia (&amp;#x201C;overseas finding&amp;#x201D;) also
 qualify for the research and development tax incentive. Funds
 received for overseas finding are at a risk of clawback until
 substantiation that less than 50% research and development
 expenditures for a project will be incurred overseas. A deferred
 tax incentive is recorded upon the cash receipt of the overseas
 finding funds and a reduction of research and development expenses
 is not recognized until the Company can substantiate that more than
 50% of the total project expenditure will occur in Australia.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 When there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received
 with remote risk of clawback, the relevant expenditure has been
 incurred, and the consideration can be reliably measured, the
 Company records the research and development incentive, including
 the overseas finding funds, as research and development tax
 incentive receivable and a reduction of research and development
 expenses for the balance to reflect that the funds are owed to the
 Company for the year the eligible costs are incurred.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;SBIR Grants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has been awarded Small Business Innovation Research
 (&amp;#x201C;SBIR&amp;#x201D;) grants from the National Institute of Diabetes
 and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of
 Health (&amp;#x201C;NIH&amp;#x201D;) in support of its research activities.
 The Company records the eligible costs incurred under the SBIR
 grants as a reduction of research and development expenses.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has determined that the Company&amp;#x2019;s obligation to
 issue additional shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s redeemable
 convertible preferred stock represents a freestanding financial
 instrument, which was accounted for as a liability. The
 freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability was initially recorded at fair value, with fair value
 changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. At
 the time of the exercise or expiration of the option, any remaining
 value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability is reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock
 with no further remeasurement required.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
 Liability&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has accounted for its freestanding warrants to purchase
 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s redeemable convertible preferred
 stock as liabilities at fair value upon issuance. At the end of
 each reporting period, changes in estimated fair value during the
 period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
 The Company continued to adjust the warrant liability for changes
 in fair value until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants or
 expiration on May&amp;#xA0;10, 2016, and no further remeasurement is
 required&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock-based Compensation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based
 on the estimated fair values of the awards as of the grant date
 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based
 compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service
 period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of
 the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately
 expected to vest. As such, the Company&amp;#x2019;s stock-based
 compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the date
 of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual
 forfeitures differ from those estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Stock-based compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees as consideration for services received is measured on
 the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration
 received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, using
 the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more
 reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees is periodically remeasured as the underlying options
 vest.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common
 Stockholders&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is
 calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common
 stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common
 stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of
 potentially dilutive securities. The net loss attributable to
 common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss of the
 Company for the accretion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common
 stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable
 to common stockholders for all periods presented since the effect
 of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net
 loss of the Company.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2014-15, &lt;i&gt;Disclosure
 of Uncertainties About an Entity&amp;#x2019;s Ability to Continue as a
 Going Concern&lt;/i&gt;. ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform
 interim and annual assessments of an entity&amp;#x2019;s ability to
 continue as a going concern within one year of the date the
 financial statements are issued and provides guidance on
 determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in
 the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if
 conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity&amp;#x2019;s
 ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all
 entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods
 ending after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.
 The Company adopted this guidance effective December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016,
 and there was no impact on the disclosures to its consolidated
 financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In November 2015, FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2015-17, &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes
 (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes&lt;/i&gt;,
 which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are
 classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU
 eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance
 sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as noncurrent. The guidance is effective for annual
 periods beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2016 and for interim
 periods within those annual periods though early adoption is
 permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of the
 guidance will have a material effect on the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2016-02,
 &lt;i&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt; (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, (with the
 exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date, lessees
 will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use
 asset. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged, while lessees will
 no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing.
 Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02
 for fiscal years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2018, including
 interim periods within those fiscal years (January 1, 2019, for
 us). Early application is permitted. Lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition
 approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the
 beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not
 require any transition accounting for leases that expired before
 the earliest comparative period presented. While the Company is
 currently evaluating the impact that the guidance will have on its
 consolidated financial statements, the Company expects the
 non-cancellable operating lease commitments will be subject to the
 new guidance and recognized as right-of-use assets and operating
 lease liabilities on the Company&amp;#x2019;s consolidated balance
 sheets, but the Company does not expect the adoption of the new
 guidance to have a material impact on the Company&amp;#x2019;s results
 of operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09 Compensation-Stock
 Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based
 Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects
 of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions,
 including the income tax consequences, the determination of
 forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or
 liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.
 This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2016, and early
 adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
 impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on its
 consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&amp;#x201C;FASB&amp;#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&amp;#x201C;ASU&amp;#x201D;) No.&amp;#xA0;2016-13,&amp;#xA0;&lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments
 &amp;#x2013; Credit Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, which is intended to provide
 financial statement users with more useful information about
 expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting
 entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the
 existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology
 that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and
 supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected
 credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2019
 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2018.
 The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new
 guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2016-15, &lt;i&gt;Statement
 of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &amp;#x2013; Classification of Certain Cash
 Receipts and Cash Payments&lt;/i&gt;, which clarifies the classification
 of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statements of
 cash flow to eliminate the diversity in practice related to eight
 specific cash flow issues. This ASU is effective for fiscal years
 and interim periods within those years beginning after
 December&amp;#xA0;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company
 is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&amp;#xA0;2016-18,
 &lt;i&gt;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &amp;#x2013; Restricted Cash,&lt;/i&gt;
 which requires the presentation of changes in restricted cash or
 restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This
 ASU is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&amp;#xA0;15, 2017, with early
 adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact
 of this new guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
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 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Research and Development Costs&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist
 of salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, lab
 supplies and facility costs, as well as fees paid to others that
 conduct certain research and development activities on the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s behalf.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy>
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 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;17. Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table presents the selected quarterly financial data
 for the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="62%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Consolidated Statements of
 Operations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Quarter Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March 31&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;June 30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;September&amp;#xA0;30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(In thousands,
 except per share amounts)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Loss from operations&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,040&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,091&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,138&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,397&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,747&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,098&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,084&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11,248&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(40.96&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(19.07&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.87&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.67&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Loss from operations&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,689&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(3,083&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(4,021&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,001&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,697&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(3,219&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(3,449&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,493&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11.75&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(13.78&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(12.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(20.31&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_35">558000</us-gaap:TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_A07D0448-451F-4E66-8D02-7C9ACA0A1829_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 The effective tax rate of the provision for income taxes differs
 from the federal statutory rate as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="69%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Year&amp;#xA0;Ended&amp;#xA0;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Federal statutory income tax rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;34.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;34.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;34.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 State taxes, net of federal benefit&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4.1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Warrant revaluation&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(4.3&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5.5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Foreign tax rate difference&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1.6&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(11.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(6.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Change in valuation allowance&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(36.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(19.9&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(26.5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.4&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.6&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Provision for income taxes&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.0&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_2226D548-CCEA-4A5E-87FF-1AAD81151A54_1_0">169000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_B9ED57C3-F9FC-47F3-8C97-F9C7A805CB4D_1_7">0.0127</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD_per_shares" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_6A2C5807-AD70-4B96-AC54-40AB2FC67422_1_0">8.20</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_6">2130000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
  <us-gaap:TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C9D14393-ACE2-4984-8E59-BB436440F5B2_1_2">558000</us-gaap:TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_872111E2-E1E1-45C3-A71B-ABD9C02C2B8C_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Accrued expenses and other payables consisted of the following (in
 thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accrued clinical and research related expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,617&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;976&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Accrued employee related expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,420&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;754&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;235&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;149&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total accrued expenses and other payables&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,272&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,879&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_B9ED57C3-F9FC-47F3-8C97-F9C7A805CB4D_1_4">0.625</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum>
  <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="shares" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_11">6501796</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted>
  <us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_B49C96AF-45C4-48AF-9B3F-E5848F19A41D_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;16. Subsequent Events&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In March 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a new
 office and laboratory space in Newark, California to relocate its
 operations to a larger facility. The lease commencement date is
 July&amp;#xA0;1, 2017 and the lease expires on June&amp;#xA0;30, 2024. The
 Company aggregate minimum lease payments totaling $13.4 million
 under the lease agreement and will provide the landlord with a
 letter of credit as the security deposit of $450,000.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_E0410FE9-4E87-47E8-931E-EB5148758219_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;13. 401(k) Plan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In March 2012, the Company adopted a retirement and savings plan
 under Section of 401(k) of Internal Revenue Code (the 401(k) Plan)
 covering all employees. The 401(k) Plan allows employees to make
 pre- and post-tax contributions up to the maximum allowable amount
 set by the IRS. The Company does not make matching contributions to
 the 401(k) plan on behalf of participants.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_9234DCD1-2239-4EEB-90D6-B2C336F8F608_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Activity under the Company&amp;#x2019;s equity incentive plans is set
 forth below:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="50%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options Outstanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;br /&gt;
 Available&amp;#xA0;for&lt;br /&gt;
 Grant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;br /&gt;
 Outstanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Average&lt;br /&gt;
 Exercise&lt;br /&gt;
 Price Per&lt;br /&gt;
 Share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Average&lt;br /&gt;
 Remaining&lt;br /&gt;
 Contractual&lt;br /&gt;
 Life (years)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br /&gt;
 Intrinsic&lt;br /&gt;
 Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;(in&amp;#xA0;thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2013&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,082&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;284,879&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.10&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7.92&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additional options authorized&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;240,425&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options granted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(199,519&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;199,519&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.83&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercised&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2,548&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.30&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options forfeited&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5,844&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(5,844&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.13&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;116,832&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;476,006&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.40&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.04&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additional options authorized&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;431,411&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options granted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(408,623&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;408,623&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.24&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercised&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(43,852&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.30&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options forfeited&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,599&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7,599&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.40&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;147,219&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;833,178&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.33&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.56&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Additional options authorized&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,697,088&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options granted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(1,679,979&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,679,979&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14.24&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercised&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(119,328&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.28&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Balances at December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;164,328&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,393,829&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10.39&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;27,820&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options exercisable &amp;#x2013; December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;492,714&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5.19&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7.70&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8,286&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Options vested and expected to vest &amp;#x2013; December&amp;#xA0;31,
 2016&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,369,135&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10.37&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;8.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;27,596&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationActivityTableTextBlock>
  <ptgx:OperatingLeaseExpirationDates contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_83E38D0C-C96B-419E-9A12-E4E5BF07EA82_1_1">2018-04</ptgx:OperatingLeaseExpirationDates>
  <ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_D22B339A-2E10-425B-919D-749DFA974144_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;9. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In April 2016, 1,999,998 shares of Series B redeemable convertible
 preferred stock were issued in connection with the exercise of
 warrants for cash proceeds of $20,000.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Following the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of the
 redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into 8,577,571
 shares of common stock and the related carrying value was
 reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital. There
 were no shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock
 outstanding as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The table below provides information on the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015
 (in thousands, except shares and original issue price):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="51%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Original&lt;br /&gt;
 Issue&amp;#xA0;Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Authorized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Issued and&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Outstanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Carrying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br /&gt;
 Liquidation&lt;br /&gt;
 Preference&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Series A&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.00&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,037,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,037,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,751&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,038&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Series B&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.50&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;40,000,000&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;36,000,000&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;18,825&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;18,000&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Series C&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.4979&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;80,337,411&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;35,147,617&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;16,420&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;17,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total redeemable convertible preferred stock&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;126,374,911&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;77,185,117&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;36,996&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,538&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 As only the passage of time was required for Series A, B and C to
 become redeemable, the Company was accreting the carrying value of
 Series A, B and C to their redemption value over the period from
 the respective date of issuance to July 2022, (the earliest
 redemption date) up to the IPO date. In the event of a change of
 control of the Company, proceeds would be distributed in accordance
 with the liquidation preferences set forth in the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation unless the
 holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock had converted
 their redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of common
 stock. Therefore, redeemable convertible preferred stock was
 classified outside of stockholders&amp;#x2019; equity (deficit) on the
 consolidated balance sheets, as Series A, B and C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock can be redeemed and as events
 triggering the liquidation preferences were not solely within the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s control.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company recorded $558,000, $75,000, and $146,000 for the
 accretion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock during the
 years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
 The accretion was recorded as an offset to the additional paid in
 capital until such balance was depleted and any remaining accretion
 was recorded to accumulated deficit.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock>
  <ptgx:StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_F07226C9-4F5B-49F7-A801-FACB8A8D6301_1_1">2016-08-01</ptgx:StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate>
  <ptgx:OperatingLeasesCommencementDate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_EF184BC0-F737-4E3E-9AB2-96092A4D1245_1_0">2017-07-01</ptgx:OperatingLeasesCommencementDate>
  <ptgx:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="pure" decimals="3" id="id_8601423_9933890F-44C9-416B-9962-CA4FFF21BCFC_1_2">-0.043</ptgx:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation>
  <ptgx:ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_37">1005000</ptgx:ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity>
  <ptgx:SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_33">5837000</ptgx:SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability>
  <ptgx:FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_7">4194000</ptgx:FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability>
  <ptgx:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_55880EF3-D6C5-486E-97E2-C8CB688727EC_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accrued Research and Development Costs&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company accrues for estimated costs of research and development
 activities conducted by third-party service providers, which
 include the conduct of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and
 contract manufacturing activities. The Company records the
 estimated costs of research and development activities based upon
 the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced, and
 include these costs in accrued expenses and other payables in the
 consolidated balance sheets and within research and development
 expense in the consolidated statements of operations. These costs
 are a significant component of the Company&amp;#x2019;s research and
 development expenses. The Company accrues for these costs based on
 factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance
 with agreements established with its third-party service providers.
 The Company makes significant judgments and estimates in
 determining the accrued liabilities balance in each reporting
 period. As actual costs become known, the Company adjusts its
 accrued liabilities. The Company has not experienced any material
 differences between accrued costs and actual costs incurred.
 However, the status and timing of actual services performed, number
 of patients enrolled, and the rate of patient enrollments may vary
 from the Company&amp;#x2019;s estimates, resulting in adjustments to
 expense in future periods. Changes in these estimates that result
 in material changes to the Company&amp;#x2019;s accruals could
 materially affect the Company&amp;#x2019;s results of operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsPolicyTextBlock>
  <ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_124EC0BF-E548-45C0-89BF-527C5587496D_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Research and Development Tax Incentive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company is eligible under the AusIndustry research and
 development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the
 Australian Taxation Office (&amp;#x201C;ATO&amp;#x201D;). The tax incentive
 is available to the Company on the basis of specific criteria with
 which the Company must comply. Specifically, the Company must have
 revenue of less than AUD 20.0&amp;#xA0;million and cannot be controlled
 by income tax exempt entities.&amp;#xA0;These research and development
 tax incentives are recognized as contra research and development
 expense when the right to receive has been attained and funds are
 considered to be collectible. The tax incentive is denominated in
 Australian dollars and, therefore, the related receivable is
 remeasured into U.S. dollars as of each reporting date.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Under certain conditions, research and development activities
 conducted outside Australia (&amp;#x201C;overseas finding&amp;#x201D;) also
 qualify for the research and development tax incentive. Funds
 received for overseas finding are at a risk of clawback until
 substantiation that less than 50% research and development
 expenditures for a project will be incurred overseas. A deferred
 tax incentive is recorded upon the cash receipt of the overseas
 finding funds and a reduction of research and development expenses
 is not recognized until the Company can substantiate that more than
 50% of the total project expenditure will occur in Australia.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 When there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received
 with remote risk of clawback, the relevant expenditure has been
 incurred, and the consideration can be reliably measured, the
 Company records the research and development incentive, including
 the overseas finding funds, as research and development tax
 incentive receivable and a reduction of research and development
 expenses for the balance to reflect that the funds are owed to the
 Company for the year the eligible costs are incurred.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock>
  <ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_A67865E8-820E-44B6-853C-3027CCC75818_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;10. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In August 2014, the Company completed the closing of the Series B
 Second Tranche and issued 18,000,000 shares of Series B redeemable
 convertible preferred stock for gross cash proceeds of $9.0
 million. At this time the Series B redeemable convertible preferred
 stock liability was remeasured at $2.3 million using a one-step
 binomial lattice model in combination with option pricing method
 based on the following assumptions: 100% probability of achievement
 of the development milestones, stock price of $0.50 per share,
 expected term of 0 years and risk-free rate of 0.5%. Upon the
 closing of the Series B Second Tranche, the Series B redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability was terminated and the
 balance of the liability of $2.3 million was reclassified to
 redeemable convertible preferred stock.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In July 2015, the Company entered into the Series C Preferred Stock
 Purchase Agreement (&amp;#x201C;the Series C Agreement&amp;#x201D;) for the
 issuance of up to 80,337,411 shares of Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock at a price of $0.4979 per share, in
 multiple closings. The initial closing occurred on July&amp;#xA0;10,
 2015, whereby 35,147,617 shares of Series C redeemable convertible
 preferred stock were issued for gross proceeds of approximately
 $17.5 million. According to the initial terms of the Series C
 Agreement, the Company could issue 45,189,794 additional shares
 under the same terms as the initial closing, in a subsequent
 closing (&amp;#x201C;Series C Second Tranche&amp;#x201D;) contingent upon the
 achievement of certain development milestones.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 On the date of the initial closing, the Company recorded a Series C
 redeemable convertible preferred stock liability of $1.0 million,
 as the fair value of the obligation/right to complete the Series C
 Second Tranche. The fair value of the Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability on the date of the initial
 closing was determined using a one-step binomial lattice model in
 combination with the option pricing method based on the following
 assumptions: 90% probability of achievement of the development
 milestones, stock price of $0.4979 per share, expected term of 1.0
 year, and risk-free rate of 0.5%.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 At December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015, the fair value of the Series C
 redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was remeasured and
 determined to be $1.6 million using a one-step binomial lattice
 model in combination with the Option Pricing Model based on the
 following assumptions: 95% probability of achievement of the
 development milestones, stock price of $0.4979 per share, expected
 term of 0.53 year, and risk-free rate of 0.9%.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In March 2016, the Company completed the closing of the Series C
 Second Tranche and issued 45,189,794 shares of Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock for net cash proceeds of $22.5 million.
 At this time the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock
 liability was remeasured at $5.8 million, determined using a hybrid
 method of the Option Pricing Model with a 67% weighted value per
 share and the PWERM with a 33% weighted value per share. The
 following assumptions were used in the Option Pricing Model:
 risk-free interest rate of 0.73%, expected life of 2.0 years and
 expected volatility of 52.0%. The PWERM method included
 probabilities of three IPO scenarios occurring in July 2016. The
 scenarios were weighted based on the Company&amp;#x2019;s estimate of
 each event occurring in deriving the estimated fair value. Upon the
 closing of the Series C Second Tranche, the Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability was terminated and the
 balance of the liability of $5.8 million was reclassified to
 redeemable convertible preferred stock.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="font-size:1px;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 For the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the
 Company recorded a charge of $4.2 million, $626,000 and $897,000,
 respectively, for the change in the fair value of the redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability in the consolidated
 statements of operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock>
  <ptgx:FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheAndWarrants contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_4F96A678-6900-46CF-A84D-634CEBEFAF0B_1_6">4719000</ptgx:FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheAndWarrants>
  <ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_A000E72D-9868-43F1-AA11-FF3940B6A54C_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;8. Preferred Stock Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In connection with the Series B redeemable convertible preferred
 stock financing, the Company issued warrants to purchase 4,000,000
 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at an
 exercise price of $0.01 per share. These warrants would become
 exercisable only when certain milestones were met on programs begun
 as a result of collaborations entered into in 2011 and 2012. In
 particular, 50% of the warrants would become exercisable upon the
 Company publicly announcing its first Investigational New Drug
 (&amp;#x201C;IND&amp;#x201D;) candidate to the extent such IND candidate was
 the result of, or related to, the Company&amp;#x2019;s previous
 collaboration(s) with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and/or Zealand
 Pharma A/S, and the balance would become exercisable upon the first
 dosing of a human patient in a clinical trial that was the result
 of, or related to, the Company&amp;#x2019;s previous collaboration(s)
 with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and/or Zealand Pharma A/S. In August
 2013, the initial closing date for the Series B financing, the
 Company issued 2,000,000 of the warrants (&amp;#x201C;First Tranche
 Warrants&amp;#x201D;). On August&amp;#xA0;15, 2014, in connection with the
 closing of the Series B second tranche financing, the Company
 issued the balance of the warrants (&amp;#x201C;Second Tranche
 Warrants&amp;#x201D;).&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The fair value of the warrants outstanding as of December&amp;#xA0;31,
 2015 was remeasured at $480,000, determined using a one-step
 binomial lattice model in combination with the Option Pricing Model
 and the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 0.90%,
 expected life of 1.6 years and expected volatility of 57.0% and
 probability of exercisability of 95% and 0% for the first tranche
 and second tranche, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In March 2016, the Company made a public announcement related to a
 preclinical candidate which triggered the achievement of the
 milestone and warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of Series B
 redeemable convertible preferred stock became exercisable as of
 that date. In April 2016, 1,999,998 shares of Series B redeemable
 convertible preferred stock were issued for cash proceeds of
 $20,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants. Immediately
 prior to the exercise of the warrants, the fair value of the
 warrants was remeasured at $1.0 million, determined using a hybrid
 method of the Option Pricing Model with a 67% weighted value per
 share and the probability-weighted expected return method
 (&amp;#x201C;PWERM&amp;#x201D;) with a 33% weighted value per share. The
 following assumptions were used in the Option Pricing Model:
 risk-free interest rate of 0.73%, expected life of 2.0 years and
 expected volatility of 52.0%. The PWERM method included
 probabilities of three IPO scenarios occurring in July 2016. The
 scenarios were weighted based on the Company&amp;#x2019;s estimate of
 each event occurring in deriving the estimated fair value. Upon the
 exercise of warrants, the redeemable convertible preferred stock
 warrant liability of $1.0 million was reclassified to redeemable
 convertible preferred stock.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In May 2016, the remaining warrants for the purchase of 2,000,000
 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock expired
 unexercised.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The Company recorded a charge of $525,000 and $872,000 for the
 years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2014, respectively,
 representing the increase in the fair value of the redeemable
 convertible preferred stock warrant liability in the consolidated
 statements of operations. The Company recorded a gain of $543,000
 for the year ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015, representing the
 decrease in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock warrant liability in the consolidated statements of
 operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantTextBlock>
  <ptgx:IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_10">1588000</ptgx:IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable>
  <ptgx:GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_7860A08E-0528-4AE7-882B-92F55B264494_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;6. Government Programs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Research and Development Tax Incentive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The Company recognized AUD 5.3&amp;#xA0;million ($4.0 million), AUD
 978,000 ($736,000) and AUD 639,000 ($577,000) as a reduction of
 research and development expenses for the years ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in connection
 with the research and development tax incentive from Australia. As
 of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and December&amp;#xA0;31, 2015, the research
 and development tax incentive receivable was AUD 3.1&amp;#xA0;million
 ($2.2 million) and AUD 978,000 ($715,000), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In March 2016, the Company received AUD 237,000 ($182,000) for
 overseas findings and recorded the funds as deferred tax incentive
 in accrued expenses and other payables on the consolidated balance
 sheet due to the possibility that the funds could have to be
 repaid. In October 2016, the Company received AUD 3.0&amp;#xA0;million
 ($2.2 million) including interest, in connection with the
 Australian research and development tax incentive. Of the funds
 received, AUD 1.0&amp;#xA0;million ($0.7 million) reduced the research
 and development tax incentive receivable and AUD 2.0&amp;#xA0;million
 ($1.5 million), which was for overseas findings, was recorded as
 deferred tax incentive in accrued expenses and other payables on
 the consolidated balance sheet due to the risk of clawback.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In December 2016, the Company&amp;#x2019;s research and development
 project under the AusIndustry research and development tax
 incentive program was complete and the Company substantiated that
 more than 50% of the total project expenditures occurred in
 Australia. Therefore, the overseas finding related incentive
 amounts are not deemed to be at risk of clawback and the Company
 recognized AUD 2.2&amp;#xA0;million ($1.6 million) as a reduction of
 research and development expenses for the overseas findings
 received in 2016.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;SBIR Grant&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In September 2015, the Company was awarded a Phase 1 SBIR Grant
 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
 Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (&amp;#x201C;NIH&amp;#x201D;)
 in support of research on orally stable peptide antagonists of the
 Interleukin-23 receptor (&amp;#x201C;IL-23R&amp;#x201D;) as potential
 treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (&amp;#x201C;IBD&amp;#x201D;). The
 total grant award was $224,000 and is for the period from September
 2015 to August 2016.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 In July 2016, the Company was awarded a Phase 1 SBIR Grant from the
 National Institute of Heart and Lung Diseases of the NIH in support
 of preclinical research aimed at discovering and optimizing lead
 molecules as novel peptide mimetics of the natural hepcidin
 hormone. The total grant award was $219,000 and is for the period
 from August 2016 to January 2017.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 The Company recognizes contra research and development when
 expenses related to the grants have been incurred and the grant
 funds become contractually due from NIH. The Company recorded
 $169,000 and $155,000 as a reduction of research and development
 expenses for the years ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015,
 respectively. The Company recorded a receivable for $100,000 and
 $155,000 as of December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, to
 reflect the eligible costs incurred under the grants that are
 contractually due to the Company and such amounts are included in
 the prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated
 balance sheets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock>
  <ptgx:SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_51EF5763-49F5-4725-91F8-39286242EB8B_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;SBIR Grants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has been awarded Small Business Innovation Research
 (&amp;#x201C;SBIR&amp;#x201D;) grants from the National Institute of Diabetes
 and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of
 Health (&amp;#x201C;NIH&amp;#x201D;) in support of its research activities.
 The Company records the eligible costs incurred under the SBIR
 grants as a reduction of research and development expenses.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock>
  <ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_B4135067-CB31-4236-86A9-86DA47218B54_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has determined that the Company&amp;#x2019;s obligation to
 issue additional shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s redeemable
 convertible preferred stock represents a freestanding financial
 instrument, which was accounted for as a liability. The
 freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability was initially recorded at fair value, with fair value
 changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. At
 the time of the exercise or expiration of the option, any remaining
 value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability is reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock
 with no further remeasurement required.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock>
  <ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_81E8A3A5-BB58-4EFE-A096-0CF754294204_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
 Liability&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has accounted for its freestanding warrants to purchase
 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s redeemable convertible preferred
 stock as liabilities at fair value upon issuance. At the end of
 each reporting period, changes in estimated fair value during the
 period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
 The Company continued to adjust the warrant liability for changes
 in fair value until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants or
 expiration on May&amp;#xA0;10, 2016, and no further remeasurement is
 required&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ptgx:RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock>
  <ptgx:TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_A3203E9B-A6AA-4E23-98BC-4CE0CB5B16D7_1_0">2022-07</ptgx:TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest>
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  <ptgx:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_C96F86D7-8DAE-43E4-8C92-5FE5ECEE9DAA_1_24">20000</ptgx:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability>
  <ptgx:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomesticExpirationPeriodStart contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0" id="id_8601423_C0994965-8561-4F0D-9680-5A3615F0E248_1_3">2035</ptgx:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomesticExpirationPeriodStart>
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  <ptgx:SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2022410x2022419_2027829x2394736" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_6BBE0217-8EF6-4902-B322-021BA6AE4198_1001_4">5837000</ptgx:SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability>
  <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2022410x2022419_2027829x2394737" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_6BBE0217-8EF6-4902-B322-021BA6AE4198_2001_7">-525000</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
  <ptgx:ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2022410x2022419_2027829x2394737" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_6BBE0217-8EF6-4902-B322-021BA6AE4198_2001_8">1005000</ptgx:ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity>
  <ptgx:ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2027723x2394725" id="id_8601423_0F53B58E-55D3-474F-A3FC-D9AAA5A86066_2001_4">2014-08-15</ptgx:ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate>
  <ptgx:ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2027829x2394737" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-5" id="id_8601423_F2BF3783-7D68-47A6-B748-B30D8CF390A8_2001_10">1000000</ptgx:ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2030148" id="id_8601423_B9ED57C3-F9FC-47F3-8C97-F9C7A805CB4D_1001_1">P4Y1M28D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
  <ptgx:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2030148" id="id_8601423_AC13E5B5-41F4-48A7-AEBA-A939DE78B562_5_3">P1Y</ptgx:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2030148_2037554x2316283" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_1001_1">P6Y7M2D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
  <ptgx:PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2030148_2039550x2022492" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_0BB13259-A7A0-4747-B7CC-950136BBB644_1001_1">0.50</ptgx:PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371" id="id_8601423_B9ED57C3-F9FC-47F3-8C97-F9C7A805CB4D_2001_2">P5Y11M12D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
  <ptgx:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371" id="id_8601423_AC13E5B5-41F4-48A7-AEBA-A939DE78B562_3_0">P1Y</ptgx:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod>
  <ptgx:TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371" unitRef="iso4217_AUD" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_5108F3DF-FB71-4A11-9353-1B9CC99E2816_1001_0">20000000</ptgx:TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities>
  <ptgx:PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_0BB13259-A7A0-4747-B7CC-950136BBB644_2001_0">0.50</ptgx:PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback>
  <ptgx:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371" id="id_8601423_AC13E5B5-41F4-48A7-AEBA-A939DE78B562_3_3">P2Y</ptgx:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod>
  <ptgx:AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371_2035021x2394727_2038064x2032310" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_3EDDC41E-3862-44B2-B400-1469BE966AD2_1001_2">128500000</ptgx:AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2028497x2033371_2037554x2316283" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_2001_2">P9Y11M19D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2084375" id="id_8601423_C86F149A-4F6F-421E-AF20-0B2E9672774F_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The fair value of the rights granted under the 2016 ESPP was
 calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the
 following assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="68%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="74%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="21%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year
 Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&amp;#xA0;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.60&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;52.48&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;0.45&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2084375" unitRef="pure" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_D5F884DD-B108-48B6-8ED2-20D3362702D4_1001_3">0.00</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2084375" unitRef="pure" decimals="4" id="id_8601423_D5F884DD-B108-48B6-8ED2-20D3362702D4_1001_1">0.5248</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2084375" unitRef="pure" decimals="4" id="id_8601423_D5F884DD-B108-48B6-8ED2-20D3362702D4_1001_2">0.0045</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2084375" id="id_8601423_D5F884DD-B108-48B6-8ED2-20D3362702D4_1001_0">P7M6D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1>
  <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_A574353B-5338-4E33-A36B-B2E630763116_9001_11">119328</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" id="id_8601423_70DA22BE-9484-41BD-A018-E18FC31C7464_5001_4">P8Y9M15D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="iso4217_USD_per_shares" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_F638F741-3944-40C4-8B11-80390E8BB4BE_9001_10">14.24</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_0056AA15-B40F-47DE-A73E-995B9262AEF4_9001_12">1697088</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" id="id_8601423_70DA22BE-9484-41BD-A018-E18FC31C7464_5001_5">P7Y8M12D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="iso4217_USD_per_shares" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_F638F741-3944-40C4-8B11-80390E8BB4BE_9001_11">1.28</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_A574353B-5338-4E33-A36B-B2E630763116_9001_10">1679979</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" id="id_8601423_70DA22BE-9484-41BD-A018-E18FC31C7464_5001_6">P8Y9M15D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
  <ptgx:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_0056AA15-B40F-47DE-A73E-995B9262AEF4_9001_14">0</ptgx:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod>
  <ptgx:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2420784" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_0056AA15-B40F-47DE-A73E-995B9262AEF4_9001_13">1679979</ptgx:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1 contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2421682" id="id_8601423_45CADF7D-5256-43AA-B820-6744C8AAB97D_1001_1">P4Y</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1>
  <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2421682" id="id_8601423_45CADF7D-5256-43AA-B820-6744C8AAB97D_1001_0">P10Y</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod>
  <ptgx:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029102x2421682" id="id_8601423_45CADF7D-5256-43AA-B820-6744C8AAB97D_1001_2">P1Y</ptgx:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod>
  <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029841x2029413" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_B2D18519-83BB-4808-90E3-04B541B7AEC8_1001_1">1050000</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
  <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2029841x2035076" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_B2D18519-83BB-4808-90E3-04B541B7AEC8_2001_0">1080000</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
  <ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2030922x2021401_2036468x2036042" unitRef="iso4217_AUD" decimals="-5" id="id_8601423_C59C4C20-D12C-4192-BAEA-88919903C7B4_2005_800001">5300000</ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction>
  <ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2030922x2021401_2036468x2036042" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-5" id="id_8601423_C59C4C20-D12C-4192-BAEA-88919903C7B4_2006_900001">4000000</ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction>
  <ptgx:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2031777x2024782" id="id_8601423_C250F80E-EED7-4F10-AF68-7602B0070658_1001_1">2033</ptgx:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear>
  <ptgx:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2031777x2037951" id="id_8601423_C250F80E-EED7-4F10-AF68-7602B0070658_2001_3">2033</ptgx:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear>
  <ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2032639x2394745" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_A3282FA2-1518-47EC-87F2-CC87BC46F73A_1001_0">169000</ptgx:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction>
  <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2035021x2394727_2038064x2032310" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_3EDDC41E-3862-44B2-B400-1469BE966AD2_2001_3">250000</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
  <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2072460" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="0" id="id_8601423_DFC38E6B-F51D-4F64-8FB9-D3F6C84B0AFF_1001_1">505000</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2072460" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_DFC38E6B-F51D-4F64-8FB9-D3F6C84B0AFF_1001_0">59647</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2316283" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_3001_8">0.0179</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2316283" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_3001_5">0.628</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2316283" id="id_8601423_7D239071-B709-42E2-A732-B4BDCDA5128D_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The fair value of the stock options granted was calculated at each
 reporting date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
 the following assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="58%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="9%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.59&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;9.97&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;9.4&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62.5&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;62.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;59.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;64.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.29&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;1.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.95&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2.34&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2316283" unitRef="pure" decimals="2" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_3001_9">0.00</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2316283" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_3001_7">0.0129</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2316283" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_9E781705-F21A-4EDD-8F0C-EDA922D134BD_3001_4">0.625</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2037554x2394751" id="id_8601423_725A27D4-495D-4323-8150-F957CEBF51A0_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The fair value of employee and director stock option awards was
 estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing
 model with the following assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="59%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="5%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="5%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year Ended
 December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2014&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4.16&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;5.95&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5.89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6.08&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Expected volatility&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62.5&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;64.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;59.8&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;64.7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Risk-free interest rate&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.27&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;1.79&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.57&amp;#xA0;&amp;#x2013;&amp;#xA0;1.58&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1.89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;%&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Dividend yield&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:OpenTaxYear contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2038123x2023256" id="id_8601423_38885945-6037-441A-AC26-049713453BBD_1001_0">2012</us-gaap:OpenTaxYear>
  <us-gaap:OpenTaxYear contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2038123x2030771" id="id_8601423_38885945-6037-441A-AC26-049713453BBD_2001_1">2016</us-gaap:OpenTaxYear>
  <us-gaap:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2039549x2040118" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_F7273CCD-2D70-4700-95E6-D8BE3F047E5C_12001_24">22488000</us-gaap:TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
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  <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2039549x2041089" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_8601423_F7273CCD-2D70-4700-95E6-D8BE3F047E5C_13001_31">-124374909</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities>
  <us-gaap:TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2039549x2041089" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_F7273CCD-2D70-4700-95E6-D8BE3F047E5C_13001_29">558000</us-gaap:TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue>
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  <ptgx:TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2039549x2041089" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_F7273CCD-2D70-4700-95E6-D8BE3F047E5C_13001_27">1025000</ptgx:TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue>
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  <us-gaap:IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2040323x2025075" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9003_22">558000</us-gaap:IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock>
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  <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues contextRef="eol_PE722378--1610-K0010_STD_366_20161231_0_2040323x2025075" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_8601423_7450CC8A-6055-4EBB-B6EB-E6226F17C0B8_9003_25">83648000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
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  <unit id="shares">
    <measure>shares</measure>
  </unit>
  <unit id="iso4217_USD_per_shares">
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      <unitNumerator>
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      </unitNumerator>
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        <measure>shares</measure>
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</xbrl>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>ptgx-20161231.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- RR Donnelley Xcelerate Taxonomy Schema, based on XBRL 2.1  http://www.rrdonnelley.com/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 7 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-03-07T20:32:01Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2005-2013 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company All Rights Reserved. -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2016-01-31"
  xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2016-01-31"
  xmlns:ptgx="http://www.protagonist-inc.com/20161231"
  xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric"
  xmlns:num="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric"
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  <element name="PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare" id="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback" id="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation" id="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials" id="ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage" id="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember" id="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability" id="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="PTG300Member" id="ptgx_PTG300Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity" id="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" id="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
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  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantTextBlock" id="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="RemeasuredFairValueOfWarrants" id="ptgx_RemeasuredFairValueOfWarrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction" id="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants" id="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock" id="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable" id="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivableMember" id="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivableMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable" id="ptgx_ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem"/>
  <element name="SecondTrancheWarrantsMember" id="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" id="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" id="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" id="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability" id="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" id="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionOwningMoreThanTenPercentOfVotingRightsPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionOwningMoreThanTenPercentOfVotingRightsPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceAndAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" id="ptgx_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceAndAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights" id="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember" id="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock" id="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate" id="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="StockOptionsOutstandingMember" id="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems" id="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable" id="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem"/>
  <element name="TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities" id="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest" type="xbrli:gYearMonthItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" id="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember" id="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
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  <element name="TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" id="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" id="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="WarrantsToPurchaseRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" id="ptgx_WarrantsToPurchaseRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>ptgx-20161231_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- RR Donnelley Xcelerate Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase, based on XBRL 2.1  http://www.rrdonnelley.com/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 7 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-03-07T20:32:01Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2005-2013 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company All Rights Reserved. -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
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<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>ptgx-20161231_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- RR Donnelley Xcelerate Taxonomy Definition Linkbase, based on XBRL 2.1  http://www.rrdonnelley.com/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 7 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-03-07T20:32:01Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2005-2013 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company All Rights Reserved. -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
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  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#DisclosureCommonStockScheduleOfCommonStockReservedForIssuance" roleURI="http://www.protagonist-inc.com/taxonomy/role/DisclosureCommonStockScheduleOfCommonStockReservedForIssuance"/>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>ptgx-20161231_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- RR Donnelley Xcelerate Taxonomy Labels Linkbase, based on XBRL 2.1  http://www.rrdonnelley.com/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 7 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-03-07T20:32:01Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2005-2013 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company All Rights Reserved. -->
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2187406_3_1">Aggregate amount of milestone payment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2187406_1_1">Aggregate Amount Of Milestone Payment</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024215_1_1">Amendment Flag</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022267_1_1">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021628_2_1">Antidilutive Securities [Axis]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024873_1_1">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021396_1_1">Antidilutive Securities, Name [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021396_2_1">Antidilutive Securities, Name [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesNameDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023136_1_1">Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023136_6_1">Total assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027910_1_1">Assets [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027910_2_1">Assets</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023790_6_1">Total current assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022272_2_1">Total financial assets</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2016/country-2016-01-31.xsd#country_AU" xlink:label="country_AU"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_AU_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022492_1_1">AUSTRALIA</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="country_AU_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022492_2_1">Australia [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_AU" xlink:to="country_AU_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021401_1_1">Australian Taxation Office [Member]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421622_3_1">Available for sale securities noncurrent contractual maturity period.</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems" xlink:to="ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027715_2_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421608_3_1">Cash and cash equivalents and available for sale securities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421608_1_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents and Available for Sale Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421608_2_1">Cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:to="ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025118_1_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025118_5_1">Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025118_2_1">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025340_1_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025340_2_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025342_2_1">Cash Equivalents</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022303_1_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394741_3_1">Cash equivalents and available for sale securities amortized cost.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394741_1_1">Cash Equivalents And Available For Sale Securities Amortized Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394741_6_1">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394744_3_1">Cash equivalents and available for sale securities fair value.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394744_1_1">Cash Equivalents And Available For Sale Securities Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394744_2_1">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Fair Value</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394742_3_1">Cash equivalents and available for sale securities gross unrealized gain.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394742_1_1">Cash Equivalents And Available For Sale Securities Gross Unrealized Gain</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394742_2_1">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Gains</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394743_3_1">Cash equivalents and available for sale securities gross unrealized loss.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394743_1_1">Cash Equivalents And Available For Sale Securities Gross Unrealized Loss</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027723_2_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Axis]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026851_1_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026851_2_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027294_1_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027294_2_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026641_1_1">Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026641_2_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, warrants exercisable</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2230497_3_1">Class of warrant or right number of warrants or rights issued.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2230497_1_1">Class Of Warrant Or Right Number Of Warrants Or Rights Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2230497_2_1">Number of convertible preferred stock issued upon exercise of stock warrants</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026204_1_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026204_2_1">Class of Warrant or Right [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2100756_3_1">Class of warrants or rights issuance date.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2100756_1_1">Class Of Warrants Or Rights Issuance Date</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2100756_2_1">Warrants issued date</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:label="ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394821_3_1">Collaborative agreement upfront payment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394821_1_1">Collaborative Agreement Upfront Payment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394821_2_1">Upfront payment based on agreement</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027973_1_1">Collaborative Arrangement Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027973_2_1">Research Collaboration and License Agreement</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023406_1_1">Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022745_2_1">Commitments and contingencies</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026024_1_1">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026024_2_1">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027090_1_1">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027090_2_1">Commitments and Contingencies</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026025_12_1">Total</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024271_1_1">Common Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024271_2_1">Common stock, shares authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022978_1_1">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022978_2_1">Common stock, shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022748_1_1">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022748_4_1">Balance, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022748_5_1">Balance, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022748_2_1">Common stock, shares outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025780_1_1">Common Stock, Value, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025780_2_1">Common stock, $0.00001 par value, 90,000,000 and 160,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and, 2015, respectively; 16,722,280 and 272,409 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024059_1_1">Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024059_2_1">Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021436_1_1">Compensation Related Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021436_2_1">Stock-based Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025367_1_1">Components of Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025367_2_1">Deferred tax assets:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024493_1_1">Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024493_2_1">Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025782_1_1">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025782_6_1">Comprehensive loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025783_1_1">Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025783_2_1">Comprehensive Loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024939_1_1">Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024939_2_1">Concentrations of Credit Risk</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023415_1_1">Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023415_2_1">Basis of Presentation and Consolidation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023626_1_1">Conversion of Stock, Amount Converted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023626_2_1">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public offering</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035329_1_1">Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares Issued upon Conversion</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035329_2_1">Number of shares converted</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035329_12_1">Shares issued upon conversion of preferred stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023193_1_1">Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares Reserved for Future Issuance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023193_2_1">Additional shares to be issued upon the achievement of certain development milestones</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022758_1_1">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022758_2_1">Corporate Bonds Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024507_1_1">Current Fiscal Year End Date</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024507_2_1">Current Fiscal Year End Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035341_1_1">Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035341_2_1">Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract" xlink:label="ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2326550_3_1">Debt instrument fair value carrying value.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2326550_1_1">Debt Instrument Fair Value Carrying Value [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2326550_2_1">Debt Instrument Fair Value Carrying Value [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract" xlink:to="ptgx_DebtInstrumentFairValueCarryingValueAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2145458_3_1">Deferred tax assets depreciation and amortization.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2145458_1_1">Deferred Tax Assets Depreciation And Amortization</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2145458_2_1">Depreciation and amortization</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026892_2_1">Research and development credits &amp; foreign credits</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation" xlink:label="ptgx_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2348856_3_1">Effective income tax rate reconciliation warrant revaluation.</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024350_2_1">Total unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to stock options</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394722_3_1">Fair value adjustment of tranche liability.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027610_1_1">Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027610_2_1">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027610_14_1">Change in fair value upon revaluation</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024160_1_1">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024160_2_1">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028078_1_1">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028078_2_1">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026312_1_1">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026313_2_1">Asset Class [Domain]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027828_2_1">Expected life</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035422_2_1">Expected volatility</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394748_3_1">Fair value assumptions probabilities number of initial public offering scenario.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394748_1_1">Fair Value Assumptions Probabilities Number Of Initial Public Offering Scenario</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394748_2_1">Fair value assumptions probabilities, number of IPO scenarios</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario" xlink:to="ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035423_1_1">Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035423_2_1">Fair value assumptions, risk-free interest rate</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035423_12_1">Risk-free interest rate</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsWeightedAverageVolatilityRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025900_2_1">Fair value assumptions, weighted volatility rate</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022410_1_1">Fair Value, Hierarchy [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022410_2_1">Fair Value, Hierarchy [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027829_1_1">Liability Class [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2027829_2_1">Liability Class [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025479_1_1">Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025479_2_1">Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026318_1_1">Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026318_2_1">Fair Value Measurements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026970_1_1">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2026970_2_1">Level 1 [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021995_1_1">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2021995_2_1">Level 2 [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022419_1_1">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2022419_2_1">Level 3 [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2182787_3_1">Fair value liabilities measured on recurring and nonrecurring basis.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2182787_1_1">Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2182787_2_1">Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2114316_3_1">Fair value liabilities measured on recurring and nonrecurring basis.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2114316_1_1">Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2114316_2_1">Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023283_1_1">Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023283_2_1">Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Company's Level 3 Financial Instruments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023114_1_1">Fair Value by Liability Class [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023114_2_1">Fair Value by Liability Class [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByLiabilityClassDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025260_1_1">Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2025260_2_1">Fair Value Measurements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023956_1_1">Fair Value Hierarchy [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2023956_2_1">Fair Value Hierarchy [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028091_1_1">Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028091_2_1">Fair Value of Financial Instruments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember" xlink:label="ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394723_3_1">First tranche warrants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394723_1_1">First Tranche Warrants [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394723_2_1">First Tranche Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember" xlink:to="ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember" xlink:label="ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417402_3_1">Furniture and computer equipment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417402_1_1">Furniture and Computer Equipment [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417402_2_1">Furniture and Computer Equipment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember" xlink:to="ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember" xlink:label="ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2239144_3_1">Future option grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2239144_1_1">Future Option Grants [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2239144_2_1">Options Available for Future Grants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember" xlink:to="ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033049_1_1">Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033049_14_1">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024630_1_1">General and Administrative Expense</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2024630_2_1">General and administrative</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029413_1_1">General and Administrative Expense [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029413_2_1">General and Administrative [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399725_3_1">Government programs disclosure.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399725_1_1">Government Programs Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399725_2_1">Government Programs</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420302_3_1">Government programs.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034283_1_1">Income Statement [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034283_2_1">Income Statement [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029841_1_1">Income Statement Location [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029841_2_1">Income Statement Location [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031134_1_1">Income Statement Location [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031134_2_1">Income Statement Location [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031777_1_1">Income Tax Authority [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031777_2_1">Income Tax Authority [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029842_1_1">Income Tax Authority [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029842_2_1">Income Tax Authority [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030922_2_1">Income Tax Authority, Name [Axis]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031570_1_1">Income Tax Authority, Name [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031570_2_1">Income Tax Authority, Name [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029645_2_1">Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2244245_3_1">Income tax disclosure.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2244245_1_1">Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2206854_3_1">Income tax disclosure.</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033310_1_1">Investment Income, Interest</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030091_1_1">Investment Type [Axis]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030520_1_1">Investments [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030520_2_1">Investments [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeCategorizationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IPOMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_IPOMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IPOMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029877_1_1">IPO [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IPOMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029877_2_1">Initial Public Offering [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IPOMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_IPOMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember" xlink:label="ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2255630_3_1">Laboratory equipment.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2255630_1_1">Laboratory Equipment [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2255630_2_1">Laboratory Equipment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember" xlink:to="ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030771_1_1">Latest Tax Year [Member]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseExpirationDate1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034690_1_1">Lease Expiration Date</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseExpirationDate1" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseExpirationDate1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028633_1_1">Leasehold Improvements [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028633_2_1">Leasehold Improvements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030961_1_1">Leases [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030961_2_1">Leases [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031177_1_1">Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031177_6_1">Total liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031178_1_1">Liabilities and Equity</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031178_6_1">Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034137_1_1">Liabilities and Equity [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034137_2_1">Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031608_1_1">Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031608_6_1">Total current liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028362_1_1">Liabilities, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028362_2_1">Current liabilities:</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029681_1_1">Financial and Nonfinancial Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029681_4_1">Financial liabilities, ending balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029681_5_1">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029681_2_1">Total financial liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032310_1_1">License Agreement Terms [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032310_2_1">Research Collaboration and License Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029716_1_1">Marketable Securities, Available-for-sale Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029716_2_1">Available-for-Sale Securities</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030148_1_1">Minimum [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030148_2_1">Minimum [Member]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029281_1_1">Money Market Funds [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029281_2_1">Money Market Funds [Member]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032942_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities, Continuing Operations</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033388_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033388_2_1">CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030371_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Continuing Operations</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030371_6_1">Net cash used in investing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030817_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030817_2_1">CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034376_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034376_6_1">Net cash used in operating activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029047_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029047_2_1">CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTITIVIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030161_1_1">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030161_6_1">Net loss</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034968_1_1">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034968_2_1">Numerator:</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032110_1_1">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032110_2_1">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032110_6_1">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear" xlink:label="ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2044095_3_1">Net operating loss carry forwards expiration year.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2044095_1_1">Net Operating Loss Carry Forwards Expiration Year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2044095_2_1">Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear" xlink:to="ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032113_1_1">New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032113_2_1">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029294_1_1">Noncash Investing and Financing Items [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029294_2_1">SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH FINANCING INFORMATION:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember" xlink:label="ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2072460_3_1">Non-employee consultants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2072460_1_1">Nonemployee Consultants [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2072460_2_1">Non-employee Consultants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember" xlink:to="ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_NonEmployeesMember" xlink:label="ptgx_NonEmployeesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_NonEmployeesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2316283_3_1">Non-employees.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_NonEmployeesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2316283_1_1">Non Employees [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_NonEmployeesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2316283_2_1">Non-employees [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_NonEmployeesMember" xlink:to="ptgx_NonEmployeesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised" xlink:label="ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2313058_3_1">Number of warrants expired unexercised.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2313058_1_1">Number Of Warrants Expired Unexercised</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2313058_2_1">Number of redeemable convertible preferred stock expired unexercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised" xlink:to="ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OpenTaxYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OpenTaxYear"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OpenTaxYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028197_1_1">Open Tax Year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OpenTaxYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028197_2_1">Open tax year</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OpenTaxYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OpenTaxYear_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029967_1_1">Operating Expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029967_6_1">Total operating expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032532_1_1">Operating Expenses [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032532_2_1">Operating expenses:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041941_3_1">Operating lease expiration dates.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041941_1_1">Operating Lease Expiration Dates</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates" xlink:to="ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate" xlink:label="ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2124166_3_1">Operating leases commencement date.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2124166_1_1">Operating Leases Commencement Date</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2124166_2_1">Lease commencement date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate" xlink:to="ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028198_1_1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028198_2_1">Aggregate minimum lease payments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028198_6_1">Total</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030177_1_1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Next Twelve Months</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030177_2_1">2017</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034763_1_1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Two Years</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034763_2_1">2018</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028881_1_1">Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028881_2_1">Rent expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028431_1_1">Operating Loss Carryforwards</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028431_2_1">Accumulated tax losses carry forward</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember" xlink:label="ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2348631_3_1">Option pricing model.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2348631_1_1">Option Pricing Model [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2348631_2_1">Option Pricing Model [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember" xlink:to="ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032787_1_1">Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032787_2_1">Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2067068_3_1">Organization consolidation and presentation of financial statements.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2067068_1_1">Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2067068_2_1">Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems" xlink:to="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2323227_3_1">Organization consolidation and presentation of financial statements.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2323227_1_1">Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2323227_2_1">Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable" xlink:to="ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029972_1_1">Other Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029972_2_1">Accrued expenses and other payables</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032125_1_1">Other Accrued Liabilities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032125_2_1">Other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029757_1_1">Other Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029757_2_1">Other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033988_1_1">Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033988_2_1">Other assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030836_1_1">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Available-for-sale Securities Adjustment, Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030836_2_1">Unrecognized loss on available-for-sale securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030613_1_1">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030613_2_1">(Loss) gain on translation of foreign operations</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032132_1_1">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032132_2_1">Other comprehensive loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032133_1_1">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net of Tax, Period Change [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032133_2_1">Other comprehensive loss:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029084_1_1">Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember" xlink:label="ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394822_3_1">Overseas findings.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394822_1_1">Overseas Findings [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394822_2_1">Overseas Findings [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember" xlink:to="ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034226_1_1">Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034226_2_1">Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032559_1_1">Payments to Acquire Available-for-sale Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2032559_14_1">Purchase of available-for-sale securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034791_1_1">Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034791_14_1">Purchase of property and equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041049_1_1">Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041049_2_1">401(k) Plan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394915_3_1">Percentage of project expenditures needed to be incurred for no clawback.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394915_1_1">Percentage Of Project Expenditures Needed To Be Incurred For No Clawback</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394915_2_1">Tax incentive rate related to research and development</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback" xlink:to="ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394833_3_1">Percentage of warrants exercisable upon new product announcement.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394833_1_1">Percentage Of Warrants Exercisable Upon New Product Announcement</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394833_2_1">Percentage of warrants exercisable upon new product announcement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement" xlink:to="ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394731_3_1">Percentage of weighted value per share.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394731_1_1">Percentage Of Weighted Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394731_2_1">Percentage of weighted value per share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare" xlink:to="ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394914_3_1">Percentage required for research and development expenses incurred to not be subject to clawback.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394914_1_1">Percentage Required For Research And Development Expenses Incurred To Not Be Subject To Clawback</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394914_2_1">Tax incentive rate related to research and development</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback" xlink:to="ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029102_1_1">Plan Name [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029102_2_1">Plan Name [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039004_1_1">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039004_2_1">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation" xlink:label="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394819_3_1">Potential milestone payments on contractual obligation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394819_1_1">Potential Milestone Payments On Contractual Obligation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394819_2_1">Potential milestone payment on collaboration arrangement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation" xlink:to="ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028253_1_1">Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028253_2_1">Preferred stock, par value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028472_1_1">Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028472_2_1">Preferred stock, shares authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039242_1_1">Preferred Stock, Shares Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039242_2_1">Preferred stock, shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030412_1_1">Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030412_2_1">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034043_1_1">Preferred Stock, Value, Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034043_2_1">Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value, 10,000,000 and no shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively; and no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037836_1_1">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037836_2_1">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037836_6_1">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033006_1_1">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033006_2_1">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials" xlink:label="ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417380_3_1">Prepaid manufacturing of clinical materials.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417380_1_1">Prepaid Manufacturing of Clinical Materials</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417380_2_1">Prepaid clinical and research related expenses</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394726_3_1">Probability of exercisability percentage.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394726_1_1">Probability Of Exercisability Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394726_2_1">Probability of exercisability percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage" xlink:to="ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2101463_3_1">Probability-weighted expected return method.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2101463_1_1">Probability Weighted Expected Return Method [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2101463_2_1">PWERM [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember" xlink:to="ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037843_1_1">Proceeds from Issuance Initial Public Offering</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037843_2_1">Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037843_12_1">Proceeds from stock issuance, net of underwriting discounts, commissions</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039021_1_1">Proceeds from Issuance of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/positiveLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039021_32_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039021_2_1">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of warrants</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039021_12_1">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability" xlink:label="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2423976_3_1">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of preferred stock warrant liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2423976_1_1">Proceeds from Issuance Of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Upon Exercise Of Preferred Stock Warrant Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2423976_2_1">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of preferred stock warrant liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability" xlink:to="ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029124_1_1">Proceeds from Sale and Maturity of Available-for-sale Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029124_2_1">Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035020_1_1">Proceeds from Sale of Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035020_2_1">Proceeds from sale of property and equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039031_1_1">Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039031_2_1">Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035021_1_1">Products and Services [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035021_2_1">Products and Services [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034475_1_1">Products and Services [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034475_2_1">Products and Services [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040239_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040239_2_1">Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030037_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030037_2_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035051_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035051_2_1">Total property and equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035053_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035053_2_1">Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035024_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035024_2_1">Property and equipment, net</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035024_6_1">Property and equipment, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036191_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036191_2_1">Property and Equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030893_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030893_2_1">Summary of Property and Equipment Net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029377_1_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2029377_2_1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_PTG300Member" xlink:label="ptgx_PTG300Member"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_PTG300Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394727_3_1">PTG 300.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_PTG300Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394727_1_1">PTG-300 [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_PTG300Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394727_2_1">PTG-300 [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_PTG300Member" xlink:to="ptgx_PTG300Member_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028273_1_1">Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028273_2_1">Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039050_1_1">Quarterly Financial Information [Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028497_1_1">Range [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2028497_2_1">Range [Axis]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030442_1_1">Range [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2030442_2_1">Range [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RangeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RangeMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037299_1_1">Receivable [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037299_2_1">Receivable [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394719_3_1">Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394719_1_1">Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394719_2_1">Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394719_12_1">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394719_14_1">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity" xlink:to="ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420300_3_1">Reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420300_1_1">Reclassification To Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420300_2_1">Reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420300_12_1">Tranche liability in connection with the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock financing</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" xlink:to="ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038448_1_1">Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038448_2_1">Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394753_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock liability fair value.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394753_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Liability Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394753_2_1">Fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041089_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041089_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2116618_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2116618_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Text Block ]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2116618_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394771_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394771_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394771_2_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420317_3_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420317_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420317_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417366_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417366_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417366_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420319_3_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420319_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420319_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394752_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394752_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394752_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394736_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394736_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394736_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394772_3_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394772_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394772_2_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417372_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417372_1_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417372_2_1">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394737_3_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035076_2_1">Research and Development [Member]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038838_2_1">Research and Development Costs</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2132046_3_1">Reduction of research and development expenses.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2095923_3_1">Research and development grants awarded during the period.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2095923_2_1">Research and development grants</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394735_3_1">Research and development incentive grant.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394735_1_1">Research And Development Incentive Grant [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394735_2_1">Research and Development Tax Incentive</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394755_3_1">Research and development tax incentive receivable.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394755_1_1">Research And Development Tax Incentive Receivable</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394755_2_1">Research and development tax incentive receivable</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417871_2_1">Research and Development Tax Incentive Receivable [Member]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2031755_2_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Domain]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036416_2_1">Sale of Stock [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable" xlink:label="ptgx_ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421838_3_1">Schedule cash equivalents and available for sale securities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421838_1_1">Schedule Cash Equivalents and Available for Sale Securities [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ScheduleCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421838_2_1">Schedule Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities [Table]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsRollForwardTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsRollForwardTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember" xlink:label="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394725_3_1">Second tranche warrants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394725_1_1">Second Tranche Warrants [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394725_2_1">Second Tranche Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember" xlink:to="ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039908_1_1">Security Deposit</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039908_2_1">Security deposit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDeposit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034488_1_1">Geographical [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034488_2_1">Geographical [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2297172_3_1">Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2297172_1_1">Series A- Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2297172_2_1">Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037696_1_1">Series B Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037696_2_1">Series B Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2274765_3_1">Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2274765_1_1">Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2274765_2_1">Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040118_1_1">Series C Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040118_2_1">Series C Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2083400_3_1">Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2083400_1_1">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2083400_2_1">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394720_3_1">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394720_1_1">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394720_2_1">Fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability reclassified</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394720_12_1">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability" xlink:to="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420310_3_1">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420310_1_1">Settlement Of Fair Value Of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420310_2_1">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420310_14_1">Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability due to the issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability" xlink:to="ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039916_1_1">Share-based Compensation</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039916_2_1">Stock-based compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399382_3_1">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award additional shares issuable maximum.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399382_1_1">Share Based Compensation Arrangement by Share Based Payment Award Additional Shares Issuable Maximum</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399382_2_1">Maximum number of outstanding stock issuance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum" xlink:to="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399383_3_1">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award additional shares issuance maximum period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399383_1_1">Share Based Compensation Arrangement by Share Based Payment Award Additional Shares Issuance Maximum Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2399383_2_1">Maximum period for additional outstanding stock issuance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod" xlink:to="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2316143_3_1">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award award cliff vesting period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2316143_1_1">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Award Cliff Vesting Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2316143_2_1">Cliff vesting period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod" xlink:to="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036265_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036265_2_1">Additional vesting years</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038869_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038869_2_1">Vesting percentage of requisite service period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040311_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Discount from Market Price, Offering Date</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040311_2_1">Percentage of discount from fair market value of common stock on offering date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036442_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036442_2_1">Expiration period</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039536_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039536_2_1">Options, weighted-average grant-date fair value</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034501_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034501_2_1">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Outstanding</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2041150_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035540_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035540_4_1">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Ending balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035540_5_1">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning balance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceAndAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2238232_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, and Additional Disclosures [Abstract]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036768_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039738_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040313_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Number</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040497_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036770_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Percentage of Outstanding Stock Maximum</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2398666_3_1">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award percentage of payroll deductions on annual compensation.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2398666_1_1">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Percentage Of Payroll Deductions On Annual Compensation</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation" xlink:to="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036989_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036989_2_1">Exercise price as a percentage of the fair market value of common stock on grant date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2350389_3_1">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award voting rights.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2350389_1_1">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Voting Rights</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2350389_2_1">Minimum percentage of voting right to grant stock option</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights" xlink:to="ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038291_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038291_2_1">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037515_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037515_2_1">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036990_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036990_2_1">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options granted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034505_1_1">Shares Issued, Price Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034505_2_1">Common stock price per share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038494_1_1">Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038494_2_1">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394745_3_1">Small business innovation research grant.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394745_1_1">Small Business Innovation Research Grant [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394745_2_1">SBIR Grant [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember" xlink:to="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417364_3_1">Small business innovation research (SBIR) grants.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417364_1_1">Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417364_2_1">SBIR Grants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037951_1_1">State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037951_2_1">State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039549_1_1">Class of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039549_2_1">Class of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040323_1_1">Equity Components [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040323_2_1">Equity Components [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039550_2_1">Geographical [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039551_1_1">Statement [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039551_2_1">Statement [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038498_2_1">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039336_1_1">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039336_2_1">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035883_2_1">Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040324_2_1">Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035553_1_1">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035142_1_1">Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035142_2_1">Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035143_1_1">Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035143_2_1">Reverse stock split ratio</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036458_1_1">Stockholders' Equity, Reverse Stock Split</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036458_2_1">Reverse stock split description</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate" xlink:label="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2119534_3_1">Stockholders equity reverse stock split effective date.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2119534_1_1">Stockholders Equity Reverse Stock Split Effective Date</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2119534_2_1">Reverse stock split effective date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate" xlink:to="ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038112_1_1">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038112_2_1">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public offering, Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038730_1_1">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038730_2_1">Common stock issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038730_12_1">Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs, Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039344_1_1">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Forfeited</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039344_14_1">Number of Options Outstanding, Options forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035145_1_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035145_2_1">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035145_14_1">Number of Options Outstanding, Options exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037191_1_1">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Conversion of Convertible Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037191_2_1">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public offering</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038306_1_1">Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038306_2_1">Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038502_1_1">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Stock Options Exercised</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038502_2_1">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember" xlink:label="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2196590_3_1">Stock options outstanding.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2196590_1_1">Stock Options Outstanding [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2196590_2_1">Options Issued and Outstanding [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember" xlink:to="ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035892_1_1">Subsequent Event [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035892_2_1">Subsequent Event [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039759_1_1">Subsequent Event [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039759_2_1">Subsequent Event [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039760_1_1">Subsequent Events [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039760_2_1">Subsequent Events [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040768_1_1">Subsequent Events [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040768_2_1">Subsequent Events</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039938_1_1">Subsequent Event [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039938_2_1">Subsequent Event [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037362_1_1">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037362_2_1">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039761_1_1">Subsequent Event Type [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039761_2_1">Subsequent Event Type [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040137_1_1">Sale of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040137_2_1">Sale of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2257603_3_1">Summary of significant accounting policy.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2257603_1_1">Summary Of Significant Accounting Policy [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2257603_2_1">Summary Of Significant Accounting Policy [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems" xlink:to="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2140275_3_1">Summary of significant accounting policy.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2140275_1_1">Summary Of Significant Accounting Policy [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2140275_2_1">Summary Of Significant Accounting Policy [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable" xlink:to="ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036297_1_1">Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures [Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036297_2_1">Balance Sheet Components</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalBalanceSheetDisclosuresTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036468_1_1">Tax Credit Carryforward [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036468_2_1">Tax Credit Carryforward [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardNameDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardNameDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040775_1_1">Tax Credit Carryforward, Name [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040775_2_1">Tax Credit Carryforward, Name [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardNameDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities" xlink:label="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2388872_3_1">Tax incentive research and development activities.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2388872_1_1">Tax Incentive Research And Development Activities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2388872_2_1">Research and development tax incentives</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities" xlink:to="ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038123_1_1">Tax Period [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038123_2_1">Tax Period [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TaxPeriodDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxPeriodDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxPeriodDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038317_1_1">Tax Period [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxPeriodDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038317_2_1">Tax Period [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxPeriodDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxPeriodDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039147_1_1">Temporary Equity, Accretion to Redemption Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/positiveLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039147_32_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, period accretion</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039147_2_1">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039147_12_1">Accretion of redemption of convertible preferred stock to redemption value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039948_1_1">Temporary Equity, Accretion to Redemption Value, Adjustment</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039948_14_1">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038125_1_1">Temporary Equity, by Class of Stock [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038125_2_1">Temporary Equity, by Class of Stock [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityByClassOfStockTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037014_1_1">Temporary Equity, Carrying Amount, Attributable to Parent</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037014_4_1">Balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037014_5_1">Balance</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037014_2_1">Convertible preferred stock, carrying value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037014_12_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035566_1_1">Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035566_2_1">Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421599_3_1">Temporary equity exercise of liability classified warrant shares.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421599_1_1">Temporary Equity Exercise Of Liability Classified Warrant Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421599_2_1">Exercise of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability, Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares" xlink:to="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421600_3_1">Temporary equity exercise of liability classified warrant value.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421600_1_1">Temporary Equity Exercise Of Liability Classified Warrant Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421600_2_1">Exercise of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue" xlink:to="ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2149075_3_1">Temporary equity issuance cost.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2149075_1_1">Temporary Equity Issuance Cost</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2149075_2_1">Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock, net issuance costs</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost" xlink:to="ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040529_1_1">Temporary Equity [Line Items]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040529_2_1">Temporary Equity [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035898_1_1">Temporary Equity, Liquidation Preference</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2035898_2_1">Convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038127_1_1">Temporary Equity, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038127_2_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417414_3_1">Temporary equity redemption date earliest.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417414_1_1">Temporary Equity Redemption Date Earliest</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2417414_2_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock redemption date</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/positiveLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039356_32_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares authorized</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040336_1_1">Temporary Equity, Shares Issued</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2040336_2_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2166501_3_1">Temporary equity, shares issued and outstanding.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2166501_1_1">Temporary Equity, Shares Issued and Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2166501_2_1">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued and outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding" xlink:to="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2171283_3_1">Temporary equity shares issue price.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2171283_1_1">Temporary Equity Shares Issue Price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2171283_2_1">Convertible preferred stock, original issue price</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2171283_12_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, price per share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice" xlink:to="ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039949_1_1">Temporary Equity, Shares Outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039949_4_1">Balance, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039949_5_1">Balance, Shares</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039949_2_1">Preferred stock outstanding</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2039949_12_1">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2325176_3_1">Temporary equity stock issued during period shares new issues.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2325176_1_1">Temporary Equity Stock Issued During Period Shares New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2325176_2_1">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036800_1_1">Temporary Equity, Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036800_2_1">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034524_1_1">Temporary Equity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2034524_2_1">Summary of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033750_1_1">Text Block [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2033750_2_1">Text Block [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037554_1_1">Title of Individual [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037554_2_1">Title of Individual [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037555_1_1">Relationship to Entity [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037555_2_1">Relationship to Entity [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038518_1_1">Trading Symbol</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038518_2_1">Trading Symbol</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420784_3_1">Two thousand seven and two thousand sixteen stock option plans.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420784_1_1">Two Thousand Seven And Two Thousand Sixteen Stock Option Plans [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2420784_2_1">2007 and 2016 Equity Incentive Plans [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember" xlink:to="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenAndTwoThousandSixteenStockOptionPlansMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421682_3_1">Two thousand seven stock option and incentive plan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421682_1_1">Two Thousand Seven Stock Option And Incentive Plan Member</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2421682_2_1">2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2084375_3_1">Two thousand sixteen employee stock purchase plan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2084375_1_1">Two Thousand Sixteen Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2084375_2_1">2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" xlink:to="ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ptgx-20161231.xsd#ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394747_3_1">Two thousand sixteen equity incentive plan.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394747_1_1">Two Thousand Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2394747_2_1">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037031_1_1">Unrecognized Tax Benefits</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037031_4_1">Balance at end of year</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2037031_5_1">Balance at beginning of year</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038141_1_1">Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Increase Resulting from Current Period Tax Positions</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2038141_2_1">Additions based on tax positions related to current year</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036826_1_1">Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Increase Resulting from Prior Period Tax Positions</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_8601423_2036826_2_1">Additions based on tax positions related to in prior years</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions_lbl"/>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>ptgx-20161231_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- RR Donnelley Xcelerate Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase, based on XBRL 2.1  http://www.rrdonnelley.com/ -->
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<!-- Round: 7 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-03-07T20:32:01Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2005-2013 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company All Rights Reserved. -->
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6769404064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>Document And Entity Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2016<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">2016<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">PTGX<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001377121<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">No<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">No<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Non-accelerated Filer<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,787,990<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>If the value is true, then the document is an amendment to previously-filed/accepted document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word "Other".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated) or (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>State aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold, or average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The public float should be reported on the cover page of the registrants form 10K.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Document and entity information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6769690208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,055<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Available-for-sale securities - current</a></td>
<td class="nump">56,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,868<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable', window );">Research and development tax incentive receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,241<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">715<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,558<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">83,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">609<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">93,990<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,845<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,163<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,247<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,879<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,435<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,126<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">480<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,435<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,249<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,996<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Stockholders' equity (deficit):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value, 10,000,000 and no shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively; and no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, $0.00001 par value, 90,000,000 and 160,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and, 2015, respectively; 16,722,280 and 272,409 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">152,393<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(245)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(102)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(64,593)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,416)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders' equity (deficit)</a></td>
<td class="nump">87,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,400)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 93,990<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,845<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Research and development tax incentive receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt and equity securities categorized neither as trading securities nor held-to-maturity securities and intended be sold or mature one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884222&amp;loc=d3e22054-111558<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investments in debt and equity securities which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading and which are intended to be sold or mature more than one year from the balance sheet date or operating cycle, if longer. Such securities are reported at fair value; unrealized gains (losses) related to Available-for-sale Securities are excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholders' equity (other comprehensive income), unless the Available-for-sale security is designated as a hedge or is determined to have had an other than temporary decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis. All or a portion of the unrealized holding gain (loss) of an Available-for-sale security that is designated as being hedged in a fair value hedge is recognized in earnings during the period of the hedge, as are other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis for investments in equity securities and debt securities that an entity intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. Other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis for debt securities categorized as Available-for-sale that an entity does not intend to sell and for which it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before the recovery of its amortized cost basis are bifurcated into credit losses and losses related to all other factors. Other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis related to credit losses are recognized in earnings, and losses related to all other factors are recognized in other comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Available-for-Sale Securities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505594<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),19)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=25496072&amp;loc=d3e14326-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred and payable to vendors for goods and services received classified as other, and expenses incurred but not yet paid, payable within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalent items which are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or entity statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits. Excludes compensating balance arrangements that are not agreements which legally restrict the use of cash amounts shown on the balance sheet. For a classified balance sheet represents the current portion only (the noncurrent portion has a separate concept); there is a separate and distinct element for unclassified presentations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount, attributable to parent, of an entity's issued and outstanding stock which is not included within permanent equity. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. Includes stock with a put option held by an ESOP and stock redeemable by a holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6769480016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,374,911<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">160,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,722,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,722,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate share number for all nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) held by stockholders. Does not include preferred shares that have been repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share amount of par value or stated value of stock classified as temporary equity. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (27)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65877616&amp;loc=d3e177068-122764<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of securities classified as temporary equity that are permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been sold (or granted) to the entity's shareholders. Securities issued include securities outstanding and securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been issued and are held by the entity's shareholders. Securities outstanding equals securities issued minus securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754413408">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,831<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,459<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General and administrative</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,961<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,963<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,860<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,319<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(32,666)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,319)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheAndWarrants', window );">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche and warrant liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,719)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(83)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,769)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(34)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,072)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (37,735)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,933)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,218)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (5.80)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (59.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (49.38)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,501,796<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">251,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">227,197<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheAndWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value adjustment of preferred stock tranche and warrant liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheAndWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net income after adjustments for dividends on preferred stock (declared in the period) and/or cumulative preferred stock (accumulated for the period).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64863997&amp;loc=d3e1377-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754334640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract', window );"><strong>Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,858)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (11,072)<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodChangeAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive loss:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">(Loss) gain on translation of foreign operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(76)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(54)<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Unrecognized loss on available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="num">(67)<span></span>
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<td class="num">(5)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (37,320)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,860)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,126)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831223<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments, of appreciation (loss) in value of unsold available-for-sale securities. Excludes amounts related to other than temporary impairment (OTTI) loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
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<th class="th"><div>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Series B Preferred Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Series C Preferred Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Common Stock [Member]</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">24,037,500<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 2,308<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 146<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2014</a></td>
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<td class="nump">42,037,500<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (1,483)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">226,009<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">(146)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(143)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">42<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">42<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">3<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">3<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,548<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">(54)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(54)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(11,072)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,072)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2014</a></td>
<td class="num">(12,621)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,558)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2014</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">228,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,345<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,147,617<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue', window );">Accretion of redemption of convertible preferred stock to redemption value</a></td>
<td class="nump">75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock', window );">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (75)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(75)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options</a></td>
<td class="nump">57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(14,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,858)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (27,400)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(102)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,416)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="nump">272,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue', window );">Exercise of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares', window );">Exercise of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,999,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,189,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,837<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue', window );">Accretion of redemption of convertible preferred stock to redemption value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock', window );">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (558)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(558)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">66,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (66,904)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public offering, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(124,374,909)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,577,571<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">83,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">83,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,752,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options</a></td>
<td class="nump">151<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">151<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options, Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">119,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(143)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(143)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(37,177)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 87,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,393<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (245)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (64,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,722,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,722,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity exercise of liability classified warrant shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity exercise of liability classified warrant value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquityExerciseOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrantValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity stock issued during period shares new issues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents the amount of recognized equity-based compensation during the period, that is, the amount recognized as expense in the income statement (or as asset if compensation is capitalized). Alternate captions include the words "stock-based compensation".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66904339&amp;loc=d3e4534-113899<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65896087&amp;loc=d3e11149-113907<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65896087&amp;loc=d3e11178-113907<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Adjustment to retained earnings for the increase in carrying amount of redeemable preferred stock that is classified as temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 3.C)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65877616&amp;loc=d3e177168-122764<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseInCarryingAmountOfRedeemablePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004921&amp;loc=d3e1436-108581<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The gross value of stock issued during the period upon the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of accretion of temporary equity to its redemption value during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount, attributable to parent, of an entity's issued and outstanding stock which is not included within permanent equity. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. Includes stock with a put option held by an ESOP and stock redeemable by a holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been issued and are held by the entity's shareholders. Securities outstanding equals securities issued minus securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of new stock classified as temporary equity issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>29
<FILENAME>R7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6918792368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost', window );">Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock, net issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">138<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity issuance cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquityIssuanceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesCPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>30
<FILENAME>R8.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6770045920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTITIVIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,072)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment', window );">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments', window );">Amortization of premium on available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability', window );">Change in fair value associated with redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,194<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">897<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(543)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">872<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable', window );">Research and development tax credit receivable</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,588)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">259<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,800)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,502)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="num">(115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">898<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">179<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,395<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">878<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">218<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(29,972)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,385)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,743)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Purchase of available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="num">(73,169)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,865)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(379)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(399)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(299)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Proceeds from sale of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(59,328)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,264)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(299)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability', window );">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of preferred stock warrant liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">151<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">83,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">106,307<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations', window );">Effect on exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(97)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,269)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,055<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,324<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,460<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,055<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,324<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH FINANCING INFORMATION:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability', window );">Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,837<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,308<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Tranche liability in connection with the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock financing</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue', window );">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 146<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1', window );">Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock at closing of initial public offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">66,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity', window );">Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid', window );">Purchase of property and equipment in accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value adjustment of tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in research and development tax incentive receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of preferred stock warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockUponExerciseOfPreferredStockWarrantLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ReclassificationToRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The sum of the periodic adjustments of the differences between securities' face values and purchase prices that are charged against earnings. This is called accretion if the security was purchased at a discount and amortization if it was purchased at premium. As a noncash item, this element is an adjustment to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Future cash outflow to pay for purchases of fixed assets that have occurred.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are the amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Includes effect from exchange rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49171198&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the stock converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockAmountConverted1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances in continuing operations held in foreign currencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49171198&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6939902&amp;loc=d3e20148-110875<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, including oil and gas property and timber property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in other obligations or expenses incurred but not yet paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of financing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of investing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, excluding discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to acquire debt and equity securities not classified as either held-to-maturity securities or trading securities which would be classified as available-for-sale securities and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26853-111562<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from entity's first offering of stock to the public.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of callable preferred stock which is identified as being convertible to another type of financial security at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the sale or maturity (principal being due) of securities not classified as either held-to-maturity securities or trading securities which are classified as available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26853-111562<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the sale of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders exercising their stock options. This item inherently excludes any excess tax benefit, which the entity may have realized and reported separately.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (j)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of accretion of temporary equity to its redemption value during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760070784">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and Description of Business<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Organization and Description of Business</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>1. Organization and Description of Business</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc. (the &#x201C;Company&#x201D;) was
 incorporated in the state of Delaware on August&#xA0;22, 2006 and
 is headquartered in Milpitas, California. The Company is a
 clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a proprietary peptide
 technology platform focused on discovering and developing new
 chemical entities to address significant unmet medical needs.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Protagonist Pty Ltd is a wholly-owned subsidiary located in
 Brisbane, Australia. The Company manages its operations as a single
 operating segment.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b><i>Reverse Stock Split</i></b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In July 2016, the Company&#x2019;s board of directors approved an
 amendment to the Company&#x2019;s amended and restated certificate
 of incorporation to effect a reverse split of the Company&#x2019;s
 issued and outstanding common stock at a 1-for-14.5 ratio, which
 was effected on August&#xA0;1, 2016. The par value and authorized
 shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock were not
 adjusted as a result of the reverse split. All issued and
 outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock and per
 share amounts contained in the consolidated financial statements
 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split
 for all periods presented. The consolidated financial statements
 have also been retroactively adjusted to reflect a proportional
 adjustment to the conversion ratio for each series of preferred
 stock in connection with the reverse stock split.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b><i>Initial Public Offering</i></b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 On August&#xA0;10, 2016, the Company&#x2019;s registration statement
 on Form S-1 (File Nos. 333-212476 and 333-213071) relating to its
 initial public offering (&#x201C;IPO&#x201D;) of common stock became
 effective. The IPO closed on August&#xA0;16, 2016 at which time the
 Company issued 7,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price of
 $12.00 per share. In addition, upon closing the IPO, all
 outstanding shares of the redeemable convertible preferred stock
 converted into 8,577,571 shares of common stock and there are no
 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding. In
 September 2016, the Company issued an additional 252,972 shares of
 common stock at a price of $12.00 per share following the
 underwriters&#x2019; exercise of their option to purchase additional
 shares. The Company received an aggregate of $83.6 million in cash,
 net of underwriting discounts and commissions, and after deducting
 offering costs paid by the Company.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b><i>Liquidity</i></b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The Company has incurred net losses from operations since inception
 and has an accumulated deficit of $64.6 million as of
 December&#xA0;31, 2016. The Company&#x2019;s ultimate success
 depends on the outcome of its research and development activities.
 The Company expects to incur additional losses and negative cash
 flows for the foreseeable future and it anticipates the need to
 raise additional capital to fully implement its business plan. The
 Company intends to raise such capital through the issuance of
 additional equity and/or strategic alliances with partner
 companies. As of December&#xA0;31, 2016, the Company had $87.7
 million of cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities
 and management believes the existing cash, cash equivalents and
 available-for-sale securities will be sufficient to meet the
 Company&#x2019;s anticipated operating and capital expenditure
 requirements.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6918022512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <b><i>Basis of Presentation and Consolidation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
 accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary,
 Protagonist Pty Ltd and have been prepared in conformity with
 accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
 America (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions
 have been eliminated in consolidation.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The financial statements of Protagonist Pty Ltd use the Australian
 dollar as the functional currency since the majority of expense
 transactions occur in such currency. Gains and losses from foreign
 currency transactions were not material for all periods presented.
 The re-measurement from Australian dollar to U.S. dollars is
 outlined below:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="4%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="4%" align="left">a.</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">Equity accounts, except for the
 change in retained earnings during the year, have been translated
 using historical exchange rates.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="4%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="4%" align="left">b.</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">All other Australian dollar
 denominated assets and liabilities as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 and
 2015 have been translated using the year-end exchange rate.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="4%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="4%" align="left">c.</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">The consolidated statements of
 operations have been translated at the weighted average exchange
 rates in effect during each year, except for depreciation, which
 has been translated at historical exchange rates.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reported as a
 component of stockholders&#x2019; equity (deficit) in accumulated
 other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Use of Estimates</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in
 conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates,
 assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
 assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
 liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements
 and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
 reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its
 estimates, including those related to accruals for research and
 development activities, fair value of redeemable convertible
 preferred stock tranche liability, fair value of redeemable
 convertible preferred stock warrant liability, fair value of common
 stock, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Management bases
 these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and
 various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable
 under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events.
 Actual results may differ from those estimates.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Concentrations of Credit Risk</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
 concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and
 available-for-sale securities. Substantially all the
 Company&#x2019;s cash is held by one financial institution that
 management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may,
 at times, exceed federally insured limits.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Cash Equivalents</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at
 cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all
 highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of
 three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents
 consist of amounts invested in money market funds, commercial paper
 and government bonds.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Restricted Cash</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Restricted cash consisted of cash balances primarily held as
 security in connection with the Company&#x2019;s corporate credit
 card.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Available-for-Sale Securities</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 All marketable securities have been classified as
 &#x201C;available-for-sale&#x201D; and are carried at estimated fair
 value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing
 models for similar securities. Management determines the
 appropriate classification of its marketable securities at the time
 of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance
 sheet date. Short-term marketable securities have maturities less
 than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Long-term marketable
 securities have maturities greater than 365 days as of the balance
 sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings
 and are reported as a component of comprehensive loss. Realized
 gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than
 temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in
 interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the
 specific-identification method. Interest on marketable securities
 is included in interest income.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Fair Value of Financial Instruments</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and
 liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the
 consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least
 annually). The carrying amount of the Company&#x2019;s financial
 instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable and
 accrued expenses and other payables approximate fair value due to
 their short term maturities. See Note 3. Fair Value Measurements
 regarding the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s other financial
 assets and liabilities.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Property and Equipment</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated
 depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line
 method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from
 three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
 shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the
 assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
 When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and
 accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance
 sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in
 the period realized.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily comprised of
 property and equipment, for impairment or whenever events or
 changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
 asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by
 comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows
 which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are
 considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is
 measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets
 exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from
 the asset. There have been no such impairments of long-lived assets
 for any of the periods presented.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Accrued Research and Development Costs</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company accrues for estimated costs of research and development
 activities conducted by third-party service providers, which
 include the conduct of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and
 contract manufacturing activities. The Company records the
 estimated costs of research and development activities based upon
 the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced, and
 include these costs in accrued expenses and other payables in the
 consolidated balance sheets and within research and development
 expense in the consolidated statements of operations. These costs
 are a significant component of the Company&#x2019;s research and
 development expenses. The Company accrues for these costs based on
 factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance
 with agreements established with its third-party service providers.
 The Company makes significant judgments and estimates in
 determining the accrued liabilities balance in each reporting
 period. As actual costs become known, the Company adjusts its
 accrued liabilities. The Company has not experienced any material
 differences between accrued costs and actual costs incurred.
 However, the status and timing of actual services performed, number
 of patients enrolled, and the rate of patient enrollments may vary
 from the Company&#x2019;s estimates, resulting in adjustments to
 expense in future periods. Changes in these estimates that result
 in material changes to the Company&#x2019;s accruals could
 materially affect the Company&#x2019;s results of operations.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b><i>Comprehensive Loss</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders&#x2019;
 equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to
 stockholders. The Company&#x2019;s foreign currency translation and
 unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities
 represent the only components of other comprehensive loss that are
 excluded from the reported net loss and that are presented in the
 consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Income Taxes</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for
 income taxes in accordance with the authoritative guidance for
 income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and
 liabilities are determined based on future tax consequences
 attributable to differences between the financial statement
 carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
 respective tax bases, and tax loss and credit carryforwards.
 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
 rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those
 temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The
 effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
 rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
 enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary
 to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
 realized.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if
 those positions are more likely than not of being sustained.
 Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount
 that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in
 recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the
 change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and
 penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax
 expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties recorded
 in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Research and Development Costs</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist
 of salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, lab
 supplies and facility costs, as well as fees paid to others that
 conduct certain research and development activities on the
 Company&#x2019;s behalf.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Research and Development Tax Incentive</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company is eligible under the AusIndustry research and
 development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the
 Australian Taxation Office (&#x201C;ATO&#x201D;). The tax incentive
 is available to the Company on the basis of specific criteria with
 which the Company must comply. Specifically, the Company must have
 revenue of less than AUD 20.0&#xA0;million and cannot be controlled
 by income tax exempt entities.&#xA0;These research and development
 tax incentives are recognized as contra research and development
 expense when the right to receive has been attained and funds are
 considered to be collectible. The tax incentive is denominated in
 Australian dollars and, therefore, the related receivable is
 remeasured into U.S. dollars as of each reporting date.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Under certain conditions, research and development activities
 conducted outside Australia (&#x201C;overseas finding&#x201D;) also
 qualify for the research and development tax incentive. Funds
 received for overseas finding are at a risk of clawback until
 substantiation that less than 50% research and development
 expenditures for a project will be incurred overseas. A deferred
 tax incentive is recorded upon the cash receipt of the overseas
 finding funds and a reduction of research and development expenses
 is not recognized until the Company can substantiate that more than
 50% of the total project expenditure will occur in Australia.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 When there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received
 with remote risk of clawback, the relevant expenditure has been
 incurred, and the consideration can be reliably measured, the
 Company records the research and development incentive, including
 the overseas finding funds, as research and development tax
 incentive receivable and a reduction of research and development
 expenses for the balance to reflect that the funds are owed to the
 Company for the year the eligible costs are incurred.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b><i>SBIR Grants</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has been awarded Small Business Innovation Research
 (&#x201C;SBIR&#x201D;) grants from the National Institute of Diabetes
 and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of
 Health (&#x201C;NIH&#x201D;) in support of its research activities.
 The Company records the eligible costs incurred under the SBIR
 grants as a reduction of research and development expenses.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has determined that the Company&#x2019;s obligation to
 issue additional shares of the Company&#x2019;s redeemable
 convertible preferred stock represents a freestanding financial
 instrument, which was accounted for as a liability. The
 freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability was initially recorded at fair value, with fair value
 changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. At
 the time of the exercise or expiration of the option, any remaining
 value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability is reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock
 with no further remeasurement required.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
 Liability</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has accounted for its freestanding warrants to purchase
 shares of the Company&#x2019;s redeemable convertible preferred
 stock as liabilities at fair value upon issuance. At the end of
 each reporting period, changes in estimated fair value during the
 period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
 The Company continued to adjust the warrant liability for changes
 in fair value until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants or
 expiration on May&#xA0;10, 2016, and no further remeasurement is
 required<b><i>.</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Stock-based Compensation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based
 on the estimated fair values of the awards as of the grant date
 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based
 compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service
 period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of
 the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately
 expected to vest. As such, the Company&#x2019;s stock-based
 compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the date
 of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual
 forfeitures differ from those estimates.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Stock-based compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees as consideration for services received is measured on
 the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration
 received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, using
 the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more
 reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees is periodically remeasured as the underlying options
 vest.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common
 Stockholders</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is
 calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common
 stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common
 stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of
 potentially dilutive securities. The net loss attributable to
 common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss of the
 Company for the accretion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common
 stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable
 to common stockholders for all periods presented since the effect
 of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net
 loss of the Company.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2014-15, <i>Disclosure
 of Uncertainties About an Entity&#x2019;s Ability to Continue as a
 Going Concern</i>. ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform
 interim and annual assessments of an entity&#x2019;s ability to
 continue as a going concern within one year of the date the
 financial statements are issued and provides guidance on
 determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in
 the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if
 conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity&#x2019;s
 ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all
 entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods
 ending after December&#xA0;15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.
 The Company adopted this guidance effective December&#xA0;31, 2016,
 and there was no impact on the disclosures to its consolidated
 financial statements.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In November 2015, FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2015-17, <i>Income Taxes
 (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes</i>,
 which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are
 classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU
 eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance
 sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as noncurrent. The guidance is effective for annual
 periods beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2016 and for interim
 periods within those annual periods though early adoption is
 permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of the
 guidance will have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s
 consolidated financial statements.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2016-02,
 <i>Leases</i> (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, (with the
 exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date, lessees
 will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use
 asset. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged, while lessees will
 no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing.
 Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02
 for fiscal years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2018, including
 interim periods within those fiscal years (January 1, 2019, for
 us). Early application is permitted. Lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition
 approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the
 beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not
 require any transition accounting for leases that expired before
 the earliest comparative period presented. While the Company is
 currently evaluating the impact that the guidance will have on its
 consolidated financial statements, the Company expects the
 non-cancellable operating lease commitments will be subject to the
 new guidance and recognized as right-of-use assets and operating
 lease liabilities on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance
 sheets, but the Company does not expect the adoption of the new
 guidance to have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s results
 of operations.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
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 Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based
 Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects
 of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions,
 including the income tax consequences, the determination of
 forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or
 liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.
 This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2016, and early
 adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
 impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on its
 consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&#x201C;FASB&#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&#x201C;ASU&#x201D;) No.&#xA0;2016-13,&#xA0;<i>Financial Instruments
 &#x2013; Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, which is intended to provide
 financial statement users with more useful information about
 expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting
 entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the
 existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology
 that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and
 supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected
 credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2019
 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2018.
 The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new
 guidance.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2016-15, <i>Statement
 of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#x2013; Classification of Certain Cash
 Receipts and Cash Payments</i>, which clarifies the classification
 of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statements of
 cash flow to eliminate the diversity in practice related to eight
 specific cash flow issues. This ASU is effective for fiscal years
 and interim periods within those years beginning after
 December&#xA0;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company
 is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2016-18,
 <i>Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#x2013; Restricted Cash,</i>
 which requires the presentation of changes in restricted cash or
 restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This
 ASU is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2017, with early
 adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact
 of this new guidance.</p>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760090208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>3. Fair Value Measurements</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. The
 accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for
 measuring fair value, clarifies the definition of fair value and
 expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value
 is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or
 paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly
 transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The
 accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which
 prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in
 measuring fair value as follows:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <i>Level 1</i>&#x2014;Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active
 markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement
 date.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <i>Level 2&#x2014;</i>Inputs (other than quoted market prices
 included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable
 for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at
 the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument&#x2019;s
 anticipated life.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <i>Level 3</i>&#x2014;Inputs reflect management&#x2019;s best
 estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset
 or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the
 risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in
 the inputs to the model.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In determining fair value, the Company utilizes quoted market
 prices, broker or dealer quotation, or valuation techniques that
 maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
 unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers
 counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table presents the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s
 financial assets and liabilities determined using the inputs
 defined above (amounts in thousands).</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Assets:</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,841</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,841</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,769</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,769</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Governmental bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,289</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,289</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total financial assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">73,899</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,169</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Assets:</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total financial assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,868</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,004</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Liabilities:</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,643</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,643</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">480</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">480</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total financial liabilities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,123</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,123</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The corporate bonds, commercial paper and government bonds are
 classified as Level 2 as they were valued based upon quoted market
 prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for
 identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and
 model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs
 are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable
 market data for substantially the full term of the assets.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Level 3 instruments are valued based on unobservable inputs that
 are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the
 Company&#x2019;s assumptions in measuring fair value. The fair value
 measurements of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability and the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant
 liability were based on significant inputs not observed in the
 market and thus represent a Level 3 measurement.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability stems
 from the initial sale of the Company&#x2019;s Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock wherein the Company was obligated to
 sell additional shares in subsequent closings contingent upon a
 majority of the stockholders of the outstanding redeemable
 convertible preferred stock and/or the achievement of certain
 development milestones. The subsequent closings were deemed to be
 freestanding financial instruments that were at the option of the
 holders. The Company estimated the fair value of this liability
 using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the
 Option Pricing Model. The change in fair value was recognized as a
 gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note
 10 for further discussion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock tranche liability and related valuations.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The determination of the fair value of the redeemable convertible
 preferred stock warrant liability is discussed in Note 8.
 Generally, increases or decreases in the fair value of the
 underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock would result in a
 directionally similar impact in the fair value measurement of the
 warrant liability.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair
 value of the Company&#x2019;s Level 3 financial instruments as
 follows (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <b>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability due to the issuance of Series C redeemable convertible
 preferred stock</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5,837</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant
 liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 Ending balance</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6916354064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>4. Balance Sheet Components</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <b><i>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-sale
 Securities</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities consisted of the
 following (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="68%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center">
 <b>Amortized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair&#xA0;Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,886</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(45</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,841</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,769</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,769</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Government bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,316</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(29</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,289</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,241</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(74</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,169</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Classified as:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash equivalents</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">18,504</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Available-for-sale securities - current</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">56,515</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,150</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,169</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="16"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center">
 <b>Amortized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair&#xA0;Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,373</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,009</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,004</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Classified as:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash equivalents</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Available-for-sale securities - current</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,868</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,004</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 All available-for-sale securities - current held as of
 December&#xA0;31, 2016 and December&#xA0;31, 2015 had contractual
 maturities of less than one year. All available securities &#x2013;
 noncurrent held as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 had contractual
 maturities of greater than one year but less than two years. There
 have been no material realized gains or losses on
 available-for-sale securities for the periods presented.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b><i>Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the
 following (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Prepaid clinical and research related expenses</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,488</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,253</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">906</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">305</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,394</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,558</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Property and Equipment, Net</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in
 thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="69%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="10%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Laboratory equipment</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,650</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,452</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Furniture and computer equipment</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">163</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">140</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Leasehold improvements</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">48</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total property and equipment</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,875</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,640</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1,313</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1,031</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Property and equipment, net</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">562</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">609</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Depreciation expense for the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016,
 2015 and 2014 was $317,000, $247,000 and $258,000, respectively. As
 of December&#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015, $8,000 and $51,000,
 respectively, property and equipment, net, were located in
 Australia. The remainder of the assets are located in the United
 States.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Accrued Expenses and Other Payables</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Accrued expenses and other payables consisted of the following (in
 thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Accrued clinical and research related expenses</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,617</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">976</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Accrued employee related expenses</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,420</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">754</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">235</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">149</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total accrued expenses and other payables</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5,272</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,879</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for supplemental balance sheet disclosures, including descriptions and amounts for assets, liabilities, and equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6604016496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Research Collaboration and License Agreement<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Research Collaboration and License Agreement</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>5. Research Collaboration and License Agreement</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In October 2013, the Company&#x2019;s former collaboration partner
 decided to abandon a collaboration program with the Company and,
 pursuant to the terms of the agreement between the Company and the
 former collaboration partner, the Company elected to assume the
 responsibility for the development and commercialization of the
 product. Upon the former collaboration partner&#x2019;s abandonment,
 it assigned to the Company certain intellectual property arising
 from the collaboration and also granted the Company an exclusive
 license to certain background intellectual property rights of the
 former collaboration partner that relate to the products assumed by
 the Company. Upon the nomination of PTG-300 as a development
 candidate, the Company owed the former collaboration partner a
 payment of $250,000. If the Company initiates a Phase 1 clinical
 trial for PTG-300, it will pay the former collaboration partner an
 additional $250,000. The Company has the right, but not the
 obligation, to further develop and commercialize the products and,
 if the Company successfully develops and commercializes PTG-300
 without a partner, the Company will pay to the former collaboration
 partner up to an additional aggregate of $128.5 million for the
 achievement of certain development, regulatory and sales milestone
 events. In addition, the Company will pay to the former
 collaboration partner a low single digit royalty on worldwide net
 sales of the product until the later of ten years from the first
 commercial sale of the product or the expiration of the last patent
 covering the product. For the year ended December&#xA0;31, 2016,
 the Company recorded research and development expense of $250,000
 under this agreement. There were no such costs incurred for the
 years ended December&#xA0;31, 2015 or 2014.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for collaborative arrangements in which the entity is a participant, including a) information about the nature and purpose of such arrangements; b) its rights and obligations thereunder; c) the accounting policy for collaborative arrangements; and d) the income statement classification and amounts attributable to transactions arising from the collaborative arrangement between participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 808<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6931272&amp;loc=SL5834143-161434<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6917245264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Government Programs<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract', window );"><strong>Text Block [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Government Programs</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>6. Government Programs</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b><i>Research and Development Tax Incentive</i></b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The Company recognized AUD 5.3&#xA0;million ($4.0 million), AUD
 978,000 ($736,000) and AUD 639,000 ($577,000) as a reduction of
 research and development expenses for the years ended
 December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in connection
 with the research and development tax incentive from Australia. As
 of December&#xA0;31, 2016 and December&#xA0;31, 2015, the research
 and development tax incentive receivable was AUD 3.1&#xA0;million
 ($2.2 million) and AUD 978,000 ($715,000), respectively.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In March 2016, the Company received AUD 237,000 ($182,000) for
 overseas findings and recorded the funds as deferred tax incentive
 in accrued expenses and other payables on the consolidated balance
 sheet due to the possibility that the funds could have to be
 repaid. In October 2016, the Company received AUD 3.0&#xA0;million
 ($2.2 million) including interest, in connection with the
 Australian research and development tax incentive. Of the funds
 received, AUD 1.0&#xA0;million ($0.7 million) reduced the research
 and development tax incentive receivable and AUD 2.0&#xA0;million
 ($1.5 million), which was for overseas findings, was recorded as
 deferred tax incentive in accrued expenses and other payables on
 the consolidated balance sheet due to the risk of clawback.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In December 2016, the Company&#x2019;s research and development
 project under the AusIndustry research and development tax
 incentive program was complete and the Company substantiated that
 more than 50% of the total project expenditures occurred in
 Australia. Therefore, the overseas finding related incentive
 amounts are not deemed to be at risk of clawback and the Company
 recognized AUD 2.2&#xA0;million ($1.6 million) as a reduction of
 research and development expenses for the overseas findings
 received in 2016.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b><i>SBIR Grant</i></b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In September 2015, the Company was awarded a Phase 1 SBIR Grant
 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
 Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (&#x201C;NIH&#x201D;)
 in support of research on orally stable peptide antagonists of the
 Interleukin-23 receptor (&#x201C;IL-23R&#x201D;) as potential
 treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (&#x201C;IBD&#x201D;). The
 total grant award was $224,000 and is for the period from September
 2015 to August 2016.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In July 2016, the Company was awarded a Phase 1 SBIR Grant from the
 National Institute of Heart and Lung Diseases of the NIH in support
 of preclinical research aimed at discovering and optimizing lead
 molecules as novel peptide mimetics of the natural hepcidin
 hormone. The total grant award was $219,000 and is for the period
 from August 2016 to January 2017.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The Company recognizes contra research and development when
 expenses related to the grants have been incurred and the grant
 funds become contractually due from NIH. The Company recorded
 $169,000 and $155,000 as a reduction of research and development
 expenses for the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015,
 respectively. The Company recorded a receivable for $100,000 and
 $155,000 as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, to
 reflect the eligible costs incurred under the grants that are
 contractually due to the Company and such amounts are included in
 the prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated
 balance sheets.</p>
 </div><span></span>
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</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760056080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b>7. Commitments and Contingencies</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <b><i>Lease Arrangements</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company leases its facility under a noncancelable operating
 lease that expires in April 2018. The Company has provided a
 security deposit of $30,000 as collateral for the lease, which is
 included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table summarizes the Company&#x2019;s future minimum
 lease payments as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="68%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="86%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="10%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom"><b>Year Ending December&#xA0;31:</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Amount</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 2017</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 2018</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">87</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">455</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company&#x2019;s rent expense was $408,000, $280,000 and
 $184,000 for the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014,
 respectively. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis
 over the term of the leases and accordingly, the Company records
 the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of
 rent expense as a deferred rent liability.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Indemnifications</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into
 agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to
 such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and
 defend an indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the
 indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to
 those arising from third party actions. In some cases, the
 indemnification will continue after the termination of the
 agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the
 Company could be required to make under these provisions is not
 determinable. The Company has also entered into indemnification
 agreements with its directors and officers that may require the
 Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities
 that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or
 officers to the fullest extent permitted by California corporate
 law. The Company currently has directors&#x2019; and officers&#x2019;
 insurance. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs to
 defend lawsuits or settle claims related to the indemnification
 agreements. The Company believes that the fair value of these
 indemnification agreements is minimal and has not accrued any
 amounts for the obligations.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6449706&amp;loc=d3e16207-108621<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68068213&amp;loc=d3e12565-110249<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=25496072&amp;loc=d3e14435-108349<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73718637&amp;loc=d3e25287-109308<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6907064480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Preferred Stock Warrants<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract', window );"><strong>Text Block [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantTextBlock', window );">Preferred Stock Warrants</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>8. Preferred Stock Warrants</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In connection with the Series B redeemable convertible preferred
 stock financing, the Company issued warrants to purchase 4,000,000
 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at an
 exercise price of $0.01 per share. These warrants would become
 exercisable only when certain milestones were met on programs begun
 as a result of collaborations entered into in 2011 and 2012. In
 particular, 50% of the warrants would become exercisable upon the
 Company publicly announcing its first Investigational New Drug
 (&#x201C;IND&#x201D;) candidate to the extent such IND candidate was
 the result of, or related to, the Company&#x2019;s previous
 collaboration(s) with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and/or Zealand
 Pharma A/S, and the balance would become exercisable upon the first
 dosing of a human patient in a clinical trial that was the result
 of, or related to, the Company&#x2019;s previous collaboration(s)
 with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and/or Zealand Pharma A/S. In August
 2013, the initial closing date for the Series B financing, the
 Company issued 2,000,000 of the warrants (&#x201C;First Tranche
 Warrants&#x201D;). On August&#xA0;15, 2014, in connection with the
 closing of the Series B second tranche financing, the Company
 issued the balance of the warrants (&#x201C;Second Tranche
 Warrants&#x201D;).</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The fair value of the warrants outstanding as of December&#xA0;31,
 2015 was remeasured at $480,000, determined using a one-step
 binomial lattice model in combination with the Option Pricing Model
 and the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 0.90%,
 expected life of 1.6 years and expected volatility of 57.0% and
 probability of exercisability of 95% and 0% for the first tranche
 and second tranche, respectively.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In March 2016, the Company made a public announcement related to a
 preclinical candidate which triggered the achievement of the
 milestone and warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of Series B
 redeemable convertible preferred stock became exercisable as of
 that date. In April 2016, 1,999,998 shares of Series B redeemable
 convertible preferred stock were issued for cash proceeds of
 $20,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants. Immediately
 prior to the exercise of the warrants, the fair value of the
 warrants was remeasured at $1.0 million, determined using a hybrid
 method of the Option Pricing Model with a 67% weighted value per
 share and the probability-weighted expected return method
 (&#x201C;PWERM&#x201D;) with a 33% weighted value per share. The
 following assumptions were used in the Option Pricing Model:
 risk-free interest rate of 0.73%, expected life of 2.0 years and
 expected volatility of 52.0%. The PWERM method included
 probabilities of three IPO scenarios occurring in July 2016. The
 scenarios were weighted based on the Company&#x2019;s estimate of
 each event occurring in deriving the estimated fair value. Upon the
 exercise of warrants, the redeemable convertible preferred stock
 warrant liability of $1.0 million was reclassified to redeemable
 convertible preferred stock.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In May 2016, the remaining warrants for the purchase of 2,000,000
 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock expired
 unexercised.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The Company recorded a charge of $525,000 and $872,000 for the
 years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016 and 2014, respectively,
 representing the increase in the fair value of the redeemable
 convertible preferred stock warrant liability in the consolidated
 statements of operations. The Company recorded a gain of $543,000
 for the year ended December&#xA0;31, 2015, representing the
 decrease in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock warrant liability in the consolidated statements of
 operations.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760079664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract', window );"><strong>Text Block [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTextBlock', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>9. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In April 2016, 1,999,998 shares of Series B redeemable convertible
 preferred stock were issued in connection with the exercise of
 warrants for cash proceeds of $20,000.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Following the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of the
 redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into 8,577,571
 shares of common stock and the related carrying value was
 reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital. There
 were no shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock
 outstanding as of December&#xA0;31, 2016.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The table below provides information on the Company&#x2019;s
 redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December&#xA0;31, 2015
 (in thousands, except shares and original issue price):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="51%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
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 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Shares</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Original<br />
 Issue&#xA0;Price</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Authorized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Issued and</b><br />
 <b>Outstanding</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Carrying</b><br />
 <b>Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Aggregate<br />
 Liquidation<br />
 Preference</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Series A</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.00</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,037,500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,037,500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,751</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,038</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Series B</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.50</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">40,000,000</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">36,000,000</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">18,825</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">18,000</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Series C</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.4979</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">80,337,411</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">35,147,617</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">16,420</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">17,500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total redeemable convertible preferred stock</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">126,374,911</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">77,185,117</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">36,996</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,538</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 As only the passage of time was required for Series A, B and C to
 become redeemable, the Company was accreting the carrying value of
 Series A, B and C to their redemption value over the period from
 the respective date of issuance to July 2022, (the earliest
 redemption date) up to the IPO date. In the event of a change of
 control of the Company, proceeds would be distributed in accordance
 with the liquidation preferences set forth in the Company&#x2019;s
 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation unless the
 holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock had converted
 their redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of common
 stock. Therefore, redeemable convertible preferred stock was
 classified outside of stockholders&#x2019; equity (deficit) on the
 consolidated balance sheets, as Series A, B and C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock can be redeemed and as events
 triggering the liquidation preferences were not solely within the
 Company&#x2019;s control.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company recorded $558,000, $75,000, and $146,000 for the
 accretion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock during the
 years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
 The accretion was recorded as an offset to the additional paid in
 capital until such balance was depleted and any remaining accretion
 was recorded to accumulated deficit.</p>
 </div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redeemable convertible preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6914292976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract', window );"><strong>Text Block [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityTextBlock', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>10. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In August 2014, the Company completed the closing of the Series B
 Second Tranche and issued 18,000,000 shares of Series B redeemable
 convertible preferred stock for gross cash proceeds of $9.0
 million. At this time the Series B redeemable convertible preferred
 stock liability was remeasured at $2.3 million using a one-step
 binomial lattice model in combination with option pricing method
 based on the following assumptions: 100% probability of achievement
 of the development milestones, stock price of $0.50 per share,
 expected term of 0 years and risk-free rate of 0.5%. Upon the
 closing of the Series B Second Tranche, the Series B redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability was terminated and the
 balance of the liability of $2.3 million was reclassified to
 redeemable convertible preferred stock.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In July 2015, the Company entered into the Series C Preferred Stock
 Purchase Agreement (&#x201C;the Series C Agreement&#x201D;) for the
 issuance of up to 80,337,411 shares of Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock at a price of $0.4979 per share, in
 multiple closings. The initial closing occurred on July&#xA0;10,
 2015, whereby 35,147,617 shares of Series C redeemable convertible
 preferred stock were issued for gross proceeds of approximately
 $17.5 million. According to the initial terms of the Series C
 Agreement, the Company could issue 45,189,794 additional shares
 under the same terms as the initial closing, in a subsequent
 closing (&#x201C;Series C Second Tranche&#x201D;) contingent upon the
 achievement of certain development milestones.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 On the date of the initial closing, the Company recorded a Series C
 redeemable convertible preferred stock liability of $1.0 million,
 as the fair value of the obligation/right to complete the Series C
 Second Tranche. The fair value of the Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability on the date of the initial
 closing was determined using a one-step binomial lattice model in
 combination with the option pricing method based on the following
 assumptions: 90% probability of achievement of the development
 milestones, stock price of $0.4979 per share, expected term of 1.0
 year, and risk-free rate of 0.5%.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 At December&#xA0;31, 2015, the fair value of the Series C
 redeemable convertible preferred stock liability was remeasured and
 determined to be $1.6 million using a one-step binomial lattice
 model in combination with the Option Pricing Model based on the
 following assumptions: 95% probability of achievement of the
 development milestones, stock price of $0.4979 per share, expected
 term of 0.53 year, and risk-free rate of 0.9%.</p>
 <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In March 2016, the Company completed the closing of the Series C
 Second Tranche and issued 45,189,794 shares of Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock for net cash proceeds of $22.5 million.
 At this time the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock
 liability was remeasured at $5.8 million, determined using a hybrid
 method of the Option Pricing Model with a 67% weighted value per
 share and the PWERM with a 33% weighted value per share. The
 following assumptions were used in the Option Pricing Model:
 risk-free interest rate of 0.73%, expected life of 2.0 years and
 expected volatility of 52.0%. The PWERM method included
 probabilities of three IPO scenarios occurring in July 2016. The
 scenarios were weighted based on the Company&#x2019;s estimate of
 each event occurring in deriving the estimated fair value. Upon the
 closing of the Series C Second Tranche, the Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability was terminated and the
 balance of the liability of $5.8 million was reclassified to
 redeemable convertible preferred stock.</p>
 <p style="font-size:1px;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 For the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the
 Company recorded a charge of $4.2 million, $626,000 and $897,000,
 respectively, for the change in the fair value of the redeemable
 convertible preferred stock liability in the consolidated
 statements of operations.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6751041216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Common Stock<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>11. Common Stock</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance, on an
 as-converted basis, as follows:</p>
 <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" border="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" align="center">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5,323,103</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Options issued and outstanding</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">833,178</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Options available for future grants</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">164,328</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">147,219</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Total</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74567-122707<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21484-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21488-112644<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.C)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187143-122770<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21506-112644<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(d))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405834&amp;loc=d3e23285-112656<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Preferred Stock<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6521494<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21564-112644<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6914292976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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 In May 2007, the Company established its 2007 Stock Option and
 Incentive Plan (the &#x201C;2007 Plan&#x201D;) which provides for the
 granting of stock options to employees and consultants of the
 Company. Options granted under the 2007 Plan may be either
 incentive stock options (ISOs) or nonqualified stock options
 (NSOs). ISOs may be granted only to Company employees (including
 officers and directors who are also employees). NSOs may be granted
 to Company employees and consultants. Options under the 2007 Plan
 have a term of ten years and generally vest over a four-year period
 with one-year cliff vesting.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In July 2016, the Company&#x2019;s board of directors and
 stockholders approved the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the
 &#x201C;2016 Plan&#x201D;) to replace the 2007 Stock Option Plan and
 became effective upon the IPO. The 2016 Plan is administered by the
 Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of
 Directors, which determines the types of awards to be granted,
 including the number of shares subject to the awards, the exercise
 price and the vesting schedule. Under the 2016 Plan, 1,200,000
 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock have been initially
 reserved for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock units
 and other awards to employees, directors and consultants. Options
 granted under the 2016 Plan expire no later than 10 years from the
 date of grant. The exercise price of each option may not be less
 than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the date
 of grant. Options may be granted to stockholders possessing more
 than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of
 stocks of the Company at an exercise price at least 110% of the
 fair value of the common stock at the date of grant and the options
 are not exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date
 of grant. Employee stock options generally vest 25% upon one year
 of continued service to the Company, with the remainder in monthly
 increments over three additional years. Upon adoption of the 2016
 Plan, no additional stock awards will be issued under the 2007
 Stock Option Plan. Options granted under the 2007 Stock Option Plan
 that were outstanding on the date the 2016 plan became effective
 remain subject to the terms of the 2007 Stock Option Plan. The
 number of options available for grant under the 2007 Plan was
 ceased and the number was added to the common stock reserved for
 issuance under the 2016 Plan. As of December&#xA0;31, 2016, the
 Company has reserved 1,200,000 shares of common stock for issuance
 under the 2016 Plan.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 18px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b><i>Stock Options</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Activity under the Company&#x2019;s equity incentive plans is set
 forth below:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="50%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"><b>Options Outstanding</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Options<br />
 Available&#xA0;for<br />
 Grant</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Options<br />
 Outstanding</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Weighted-</b><br />
 <b>Average<br />
 Exercise<br />
 Price Per<br />
 Share</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Weighted-</b><br />
 <b>Average<br />
 Remaining<br />
 Contractual<br />
 Life (years)</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Aggregate<br />
 Intrinsic<br />
 Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center">
 <b>(in&#xA0;thousands)</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2013</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,082</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">284,879</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.10</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7.92</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Additional options authorized</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">240,425</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options granted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(199,519</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">199,519</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.83</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercised</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,548</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.30</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options forfeited</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5,844</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5,844</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.13</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2014</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">116,832</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">476,006</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.40</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.04</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Additional options authorized</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">431,411</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options granted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(408,623</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">408,623</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.24</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercised</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(43,852</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.30</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options forfeited</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,599</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,599</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.40</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2015</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">147,219</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">833,178</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.33</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.56</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Additional options authorized</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,697,088</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options granted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1,679,979</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,679,979</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14.24</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercised</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(119,328</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.28</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">164,328</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10.39</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">27,820</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercisable &#x2013; December&#xA0;31, 2016</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">492,714</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5.19</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7.70</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8,286</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options vested and expected to vest &#x2013; December&#xA0;31,
 2016</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,369,135</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10.37</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">27,596</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding, exercisable,
 vested and expected to vest were calculated as the difference
 between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the
 Company&#x2019;s common stock on December&#xA0;31, 2016. The
 aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $169,000 for the
 year ended December&#xA0;31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value of
 options exercised was immaterial for the years ended
 December&#xA0;31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 During the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the
 estimated weighted-average grant-date fair value of common stock
 underlying options granted was $8.20, $0.69, and $0.82 per share,
 respectively.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Employee Stock Options Valuation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The fair value of employee and director stock option awards was
 estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing
 model with the following assumptions:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="59%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="5%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="5%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"><b>Year Ended
 December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected term (in years)</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4.16&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;5.95</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5.89</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.08</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected volatility</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62.5&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;64.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">59.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">64.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Risk-free interest rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.27&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;1.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.57&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;1.58</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.89</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Dividend yield</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Prior to the completion of the Company&#x2019;s IPO, the fair value
 of the Company&#x2019;s shares of common stock underlying its stock
 options had historically been determined by the Company&#x2019;s
 Board of Directors. Because there had been no public market for the
 Company&#x2019;s common stock prior to August 2016, the
 Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors had determined fair value of the
 common stock at the time of grant of the option by considering a
 number of objective and subjective factors including important
 developments in the Company&#x2019;s operations, valuations
 performed by an independent third party, sales of redeemable
 convertible preferred stock, actual operating results and financial
 performance, the conditions in the biotechnology industry and the
 economy in general, the stock price performance and volatility of
 comparable public companies, and the lack of liquidity of the
 Company&#x2019;s common stock, among other factors. For stock
 options granted after the completion of the IPO, the
 Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors determined the fair value of
 each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of
 the Company&#x2019;s common stock as reported on the date of
 grant.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In determining the fair value of the options granted, the Company
 uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assumptions
 discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally
 requires significant judgment to determine.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <i>Expected Term</i>&#x2014;The Company&#x2019;s expected term
 represents the period that the Company&#x2019;s options granted are
 expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified
 method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end
 of the contractual term). The Company has very limited historical
 information to develop reasonable expectations about future
 exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior
 for its stock option grants.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <i>Expected Volatility</i>&#x2014;Since the Company does not have a
 long trading history for its common stock, the expected volatility
 is estimated based on the average volatility for comparable
 publicly traded biopharmaceutical companies over a period equal to
 the expected term of the stock option grants. The comparable
 companies were chosen based on their similar size, stage in the
 life cycle or area of specialty.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <i>Risk-Free Interest Rate</i>&#x2014;The risk-free interest rate is
 based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues in effect at the time
 of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of
 option.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 4%; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 <i>Expected Dividend</i>&#x2014;The Company has never paid dividends
 on its common stock and has no plans to pay dividends on its common
 stock. Therefore, the Company used an expected dividend yield of
 zero.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Stock Options Granted to Non-employees</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Stock-based compensation related to stock options granted to
 non-employees is recognized as the stock options are earned. The
 fair value of the stock options granted was calculated at each
 reporting date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
 the following assumptions:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="58%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"><b>Year Ended
 December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected term (in years)</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.59&#xA0;&#x2013;9.97</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">9.4</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected volatility</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62.5&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;62.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">59.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">64.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Risk-free interest rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.29&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;1.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.95</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2.34</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Dividend yield</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 During the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the
 Company granted 59,647, 4,816, and 11,805 shares, respectively, to
 non-employee consultants. The Company recorded stock-based
 compensation expense during the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016,
 2015, and 2014 of $505,000, $15,000, and $5,000, respectively.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Employee Stock Purchase Plan</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In July 2016, the Company&#x2019;s board of directors and
 stockholders approved the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the
 &#x201C;2016 ESPP&#x201D;), which became effective upon the IPO. The
 2016 ESPP is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan
 under Section&#xA0;423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
 amended, and is administered by the Company&#x2019;s board of
 directors and the Compensation Committee of the board of directors.
 Under the 2016 ESPP, 150,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common
 stock have been initially reserved for employee purchases of the
 Company&#x2019;s common stock, with an automatic annual increase to
 the shares issuable under the 2016 ESPP on the first day of each
 fiscal year for a period of up to 10 years in an amount equal to
 (i)&#xA0;the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares of common
 stock outstanding on December&#xA0;31 of the preceding fiscal year
 and 300,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, or
 (ii)&#xA0;a lower number determined by the Board of Directors. The
 2016 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the
 Company&#x2019;s common stock at a discount through payroll
 deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. At the end
 of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at
 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company&#x2019;s
 common stock at the beginning of the offering period or at the end
 of each applicable purchase period.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The fair value of the rights granted under the 2016 ESPP was
 calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the
 following assumptions:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="68%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="74%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="21%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Year
 Ended</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,&#xA0;2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected term (in years)</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.60</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected volatility</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">52.48</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Risk-free interest rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.45</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Dividend yield</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Stock-Based Compensation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for both
 employees and non-employees for stock options and the 2016 ESPP was
 as follows (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="69%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Research and development</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,080</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">39</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">17</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 General and administrative</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,050</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">60</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">25</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total stock-based compensation expense</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,130</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">99</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">42</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 As of December&#xA0;31, 2016 there was $12.6 million of total
 unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to stock
 options that the Company expects to recognize over a period of
 approximately 3.12 years.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65895303&amp;loc=d3e17540-113929<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68057994&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5444-113901<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6907205616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>401(k) Plan<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">401(k) Plan</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>13. 401(k) Plan</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In March 2012, the Company adopted a retirement and savings plan
 under Section of 401(k) of Internal Revenue Code (the 401(k) Plan)
 covering all employees. The 401(k) Plan allows employees to make
 pre- and post-tax contributions up to the maximum allowable amount
 set by the IRS. The Company does not make matching contributions to
 the 401(k) plan on behalf of participants.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for pension and other postretirement benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 80<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65877416&amp;loc=SL14450702-114947<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65897934&amp;loc=d3e2410-114920<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6414203&amp;loc=d3e39675-114964<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49170846&amp;loc=d3e28014-114942<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66047640&amp;loc=d3e39622-114963<br></p></div>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760001232">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 <b>14. Income Taxes</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 No provision for income taxes was recorded for the years ended
 December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Company has incurred net
 operating losses for all the periods presented. The Company has not
 reflected any benefit of such net operating loss carryforwards in
 the consolidated financial statements. The Company has established
 a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to
 the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 The following table presents domestic and foreign components of net
 loss for the periods presented (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="57%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Domestic</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(34,977</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(10,483</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(9,515</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Foreign</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,200</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(4,375</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1,557</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total net loss</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(37,177</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(14,858</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,072</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 The effective tax rate of the provision for income taxes differs
 from the federal statutory rate as follows:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="69%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Federal statutory income tax rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">34.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">34.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">34.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 State taxes, net of federal benefit</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4.1</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Warrant revaluation</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(4.3</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(0.2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5.5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Foreign tax rate difference</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1.6</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(6.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Change in valuation allowance</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(36.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(19.9</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(26.5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.4</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.6</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Provision for income taxes</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in
 thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="72%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Deferred tax assets:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net operating loss carryforwards</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,501</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">9,513</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Depreciation and amortization</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">419</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">480</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Accruals/other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">908</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">293</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Research and development credits&#xA0;&amp; foreign credits</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,143</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">285</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total deferred tax assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">23,971</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,571</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Valuation allowance</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(23,971</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(10,571</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net deferred tax assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon future
 taxable income, if any, the amount and timing of which are
 uncertain. The Company has established a valuation allowance to
 offset deferred tax assets as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015
 due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from its
 net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. The
 valuation allowance increased by approximately $13.4 million, $3.0
 million and $2.9 million during the year ended December&#xA0;31,
 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in the valuation
 allowance is mainly related to the increase in net operating loss
 carryforwards incurred during the respective taxable years.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 At December&#xA0;31, 2016, the Company had net operating loss
 carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately
 $48.0 million which are available to offset future taxable income,
 if any, through 2033 and net operating loss carryforwards for state
 income tax purposes of approximately $37.7 million which are
 available to offset future taxable income, if any, through
 2033.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 At December&#xA0;31, 2016 the Company also had accumulated
 Australian tax losses of $9.2 million available for carry forward
 against future earnings which, under relevant tax laws, do not
 expire but may not be available under certain circumstances. As of
 December 31, 2016, the Company also had $1.1 million of federal and
 $0.6 million of state research and development tax credit
 carryforwards available to reduce future income taxes. The federal
 research and development tax credits will begin to expire in 2035,
 if not utilized. The state research and development tax credits
 have no expiration date.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 Federal and state laws impose substantial restrictions on the
 utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in
 the event of an ownership change for tax purposes, as defined in
 Section&#xA0;382 of the Internal Revenue Code. As a result of such
 ownership changes, the Company&#x2019;s ability to realize the
 potential future benefit of tax losses and tax credits that existed
 at the time of the ownership change may be significantly reduced.
 The Company&#x2019;s deferred tax asset and related valuation
 allowance would be reduced as a result.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 It is the Company&#x2019;s policy to include penalties and interest
 expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense, as
 necessary.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized
 tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
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 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
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 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
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 <td></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 Additions based on tax positions related to in prior years</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Additions based on tax positions related to current year</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 The Company does not expect that its uncertain tax positions will
 materially change in the next twelve months. The reversal of the
 uncertain tax benefits would not impact the Company&#x2019;s
 effective tax rate as the Company continues to maintain a full
 valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.</p>
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 The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal
 jurisdiction, the State of California and Australia. The Company is
 not currently under examination by income tax authorities in
 federal, state or other jurisdictions. The Company&#x2019;s tax
 returns for 2012 through 2016 remain open for examination due to
 the carryover of unused net operating losses and tax credits.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders<br></strong></div></th>
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 <b>15. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common
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 As the Company had net losses for the years ended December&#xA0;31,
 2016, 2015 and 2014, all potential common shares were determined to
 be anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss attributable to common stockholders</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(37,735</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(14,933</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,218</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Denominator:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per common share,
 basic and diluted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,501,796</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">251,717</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">227,197</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and
 diluted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5.80</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(59.32</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(49.38</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top" colspan="12">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em">
 The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities
 have been excluded from diluted net loss per share calculations for
 the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, because
 their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="12"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5,323,103</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,899,134</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options to purchase common stock</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">833,178</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">476,006</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock on an
 as-converted basis</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">275,861</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">275,861</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,432,142</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,651,001</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64863997&amp;loc=d3e1278-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64863997&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65016374&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6927942496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">Subsequent Events</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>16. Subsequent Events</b></p>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 In March 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a new
 office and laboratory space in Newark, California to relocate its
 operations to a larger facility. The lease commencement date is
 July&#xA0;1, 2017 and the lease expires on June&#xA0;30, 2024. The
 Company aggregate minimum lease payments totaling $13.4 million
 under the lease agreement and will provide the landlord with a
 letter of credit as the security deposit of $450,000.</p>
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</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6650033936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock', window );">Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited)</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
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 <b>17. Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited)</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table presents the selected quarterly financial data
 for the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016 and 2015:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td></td>
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 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>Consolidated Statements of
 Operations</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31</b></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>(In thousands,
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Loss from operations</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,040</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,091</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,138</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,397</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,747</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,098</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,084</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,248</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(40.96</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(19.07</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(0.87</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(0.67</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Loss from operations</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,689</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(3,083</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(4,021</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5,001</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,697</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(3,219</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(3,449</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5,493</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11.75</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(13.78</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(12.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for quarterly financial data. Includes, but is not limited to, tabular presentation of financial information for fiscal quarters, effect of year-end adjustments, and an explanation of matters or transactions that affect comparability of the information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68076893&amp;loc=d3e1570-108306<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68064558&amp;loc=d3e765-108305<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68064558&amp;loc=d3e725-108305<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6756992704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Presentation and Consolidation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <b><i>Basis of Presentation and Consolidation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
 accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary,
 Protagonist Pty Ltd and have been prepared in conformity with
 accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
 America (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions
 have been eliminated in consolidation.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The financial statements of Protagonist Pty Ltd use the Australian
 dollar as the functional currency since the majority of expense
 transactions occur in such currency. Gains and losses from foreign
 currency transactions were not material for all periods presented.
 The re-measurement from Australian dollar to U.S. dollars is
 outlined below:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="4%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="4%" align="left">a.</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">Equity accounts, except for the
 change in retained earnings during the year, have been translated
 using historical exchange rates.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="4%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="4%" align="left">b.</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">All other Australian dollar
 denominated assets and liabilities as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 and
 2015 have been translated using the year-end exchange rate.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="4%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="4%" align="left">c.</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">The consolidated statements of
 operations have been translated at the weighted average exchange
 rates in effect during each year, except for depreciation, which
 has been translated at historical exchange rates.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reported as a
 component of stockholders&#x2019; equity (deficit) in accumulated
 other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Use of Estimates</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in
 conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates,
 assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
 assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
 liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements
 and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
 reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its
 estimates, including those related to accruals for research and
 development activities, fair value of redeemable convertible
 preferred stock tranche liability, fair value of redeemable
 convertible preferred stock warrant liability, fair value of common
 stock, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Management bases
 these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and
 various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable
 under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events.
 Actual results may differ from those estimates.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Concentrations of Credit Risk</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Concentrations of Credit Risk</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
 concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and
 available-for-sale securities. Substantially all the
 Company&#x2019;s cash is held by one financial institution that
 management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may,
 at times, exceed federally insured limits.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Cash Equivalents</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at
 cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all
 highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of
 three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents
 consist of amounts invested in money market funds, commercial paper
 and government bonds.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy', window );">Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Restricted Cash</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Restricted cash consisted of cash balances primarily held as
 security in connection with the Company&#x2019;s corporate credit
 card.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy', window );">Available-for-Sale Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Available-for-Sale Securities</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 All marketable securities have been classified as
 &#x201C;available-for-sale&#x201D; and are carried at estimated fair
 value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing
 models for similar securities. Management determines the
 appropriate classification of its marketable securities at the time
 of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance
 sheet date. Short-term marketable securities have maturities less
 than 365 days as of the balance sheet date. Long-term marketable
 securities have maturities greater than 365 days as of the balance
 sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings
 and are reported as a component of comprehensive loss. Realized
 gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than
 temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in
 interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the
 specific-identification method. Interest on marketable securities
 is included in interest income.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy', window );">Fair Value of Financial Instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Fair Value of Financial Instruments</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and
 liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the
 consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least
 annually). The carrying amount of the Company&#x2019;s financial
 instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable and
 accrued expenses and other payables approximate fair value due to
 their short term maturities. See Note 3. Fair Value Measurements
 regarding the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s other financial
 assets and liabilities.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Property and Equipment</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated
 depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line
 method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from
 three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
 shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the
 assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
 When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and
 accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance
 sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in
 the period realized.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily comprised of
 property and equipment, for impairment or whenever events or
 changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
 asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by
 comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows
 which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are
 considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is
 measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets
 exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from
 the asset. There have been no such impairments of long-lived assets
 for any of the periods presented.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Accrued Research and Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Accrued Research and Development Costs</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company accrues for estimated costs of research and development
 activities conducted by third-party service providers, which
 include the conduct of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and
 contract manufacturing activities. The Company records the
 estimated costs of research and development activities based upon
 the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced, and
 include these costs in accrued expenses and other payables in the
 consolidated balance sheets and within research and development
 expense in the consolidated statements of operations. These costs
 are a significant component of the Company&#x2019;s research and
 development expenses. The Company accrues for these costs based on
 factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance
 with agreements established with its third-party service providers.
 The Company makes significant judgments and estimates in
 determining the accrued liabilities balance in each reporting
 period. As actual costs become known, the Company adjusts its
 accrued liabilities. The Company has not experienced any material
 differences between accrued costs and actual costs incurred.
 However, the status and timing of actual services performed, number
 of patients enrolled, and the rate of patient enrollments may vary
 from the Company&#x2019;s estimates, resulting in adjustments to
 expense in future periods. Changes in these estimates that result
 in material changes to the Company&#x2019;s accruals could
 materially affect the Company&#x2019;s results of operations.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b><i>Comprehensive Loss</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders&#x2019;
 equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to
 stockholders. The Company&#x2019;s foreign currency translation and
 unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities
 represent the only components of other comprehensive loss that are
 excluded from the reported net loss and that are presented in the
 consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Income Taxes</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for
 income taxes in accordance with the authoritative guidance for
 income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and
 liabilities are determined based on future tax consequences
 attributable to differences between the financial statement
 carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
 respective tax bases, and tax loss and credit carryforwards.
 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
 rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those
 temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The
 effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
 rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
 enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary
 to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
 realized.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if
 those positions are more likely than not of being sustained.
 Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount
 that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in
 recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the
 change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and
 penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax
 expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties recorded
 in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy', window );">Research and Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Research and Development Costs</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist
 of salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, lab
 supplies and facility costs, as well as fees paid to others that
 conduct certain research and development activities on the
 Company&#x2019;s behalf.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentiveGrantPolicyTextBlock', window );">Research and Development Tax Incentive</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Research and Development Tax Incentive</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company is eligible under the AusIndustry research and
 development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the
 Australian Taxation Office (&#x201C;ATO&#x201D;). The tax incentive
 is available to the Company on the basis of specific criteria with
 which the Company must comply. Specifically, the Company must have
 revenue of less than AUD 20.0&#xA0;million and cannot be controlled
 by income tax exempt entities.&#xA0;These research and development
 tax incentives are recognized as contra research and development
 expense when the right to receive has been attained and funds are
 considered to be collectible. The tax incentive is denominated in
 Australian dollars and, therefore, the related receivable is
 remeasured into U.S. dollars as of each reporting date.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Under certain conditions, research and development activities
 conducted outside Australia (&#x201C;overseas finding&#x201D;) also
 qualify for the research and development tax incentive. Funds
 received for overseas finding are at a risk of clawback until
 substantiation that less than 50% research and development
 expenditures for a project will be incurred overseas. A deferred
 tax incentive is recorded upon the cash receipt of the overseas
 finding funds and a reduction of research and development expenses
 is not recognized until the Company can substantiate that more than
 50% of the total project expenditure will occur in Australia.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 When there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received
 with remote risk of clawback, the relevant expenditure has been
 incurred, and the consideration can be reliably measured, the
 Company records the research and development incentive, including
 the overseas finding funds, as research and development tax
 incentive receivable and a reduction of research and development
 expenses for the balance to reflect that the funds are owed to the
 Company for the year the eligible costs are incurred.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSbirGrantsPolicyTextBlock', window );">SBIR Grants</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b><i>SBIR Grants</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has been awarded Small Business Innovation Research
 (&#x201C;SBIR&#x201D;) grants from the National Institute of Diabetes
 and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of
 Health (&#x201C;NIH&#x201D;) in support of its research activities.
 The Company records the eligible costs incurred under the SBIR
 grants as a reduction of research and development expenses.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityPolicyTextBlock', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
 Liability</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has determined that the Company&#x2019;s obligation to
 issue additional shares of the Company&#x2019;s redeemable
 convertible preferred stock represents a freestanding financial
 instrument, which was accounted for as a liability. The
 freestanding redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability was initially recorded at fair value, with fair value
 changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. At
 the time of the exercise or expiration of the option, any remaining
 value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
 liability is reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock
 with no further remeasurement required.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantLiabilityPolicyTextBlock', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
 Liability</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has accounted for its freestanding warrants to purchase
 shares of the Company&#x2019;s redeemable convertible preferred
 stock as liabilities at fair value upon issuance. At the end of
 each reporting period, changes in estimated fair value during the
 period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
 The Company continued to adjust the warrant liability for changes
 in fair value until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants or
 expiration on May&#xA0;10, 2016, and no further remeasurement is
 required<b><i>.</i></b></p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Stock-based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Stock-based Compensation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based
 on the estimated fair values of the awards as of the grant date
 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based
 compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service
 period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of
 the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately
 expected to vest. As such, the Company&#x2019;s stock-based
 compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the date
 of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual
 forfeitures differ from those estimates.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Stock-based compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees as consideration for services received is measured on
 the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration
 received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, using
 the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more
 reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to
 non-employees is periodically remeasured as the underlying options
 vest.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common
 Stockholders</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is
 calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common
 stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common
 stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of
 potentially dilutive securities. The net loss attributable to
 common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss of the
 Company for the accretion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common
 stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable
 to common stockholders for all periods presented since the effect
 of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net
 loss of the Company.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2014-15, <i>Disclosure
 of Uncertainties About an Entity&#x2019;s Ability to Continue as a
 Going Concern</i>. ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform
 interim and annual assessments of an entity&#x2019;s ability to
 continue as a going concern within one year of the date the
 financial statements are issued and provides guidance on
 determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in
 the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if
 conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity&#x2019;s
 ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all
 entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods
 ending after December&#xA0;15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.
 The Company adopted this guidance effective December&#xA0;31, 2016,
 and there was no impact on the disclosures to its consolidated
 financial statements.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In November 2015, FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2015-17, <i>Income Taxes
 (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes</i>,
 which is intended to simplify and improve how deferred taxes are
 classified on the balance sheet. The guidance in this ASU
 eliminates the current requirement to present deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance
 sheet and now requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets
 and liabilities as noncurrent. The guidance is effective for annual
 periods beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2016 and for interim
 periods within those annual periods though early adoption is
 permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of the
 guidance will have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s
 consolidated financial statements.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2016-02,
 <i>Leases</i> (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, (with the
 exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date, lessees
 will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use
 asset. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged, while lessees will
 no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing.
 Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02
 for fiscal years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2018, including
 interim periods within those fiscal years (January 1, 2019, for
 us). Early application is permitted. Lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition
 approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the
 beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not
 require any transition accounting for leases that expired before
 the earliest comparative period presented. While the Company is
 currently evaluating the impact that the guidance will have on its
 consolidated financial statements, the Company expects the
 non-cancellable operating lease commitments will be subject to the
 new guidance and recognized as right-of-use assets and operating
 lease liabilities on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance
 sheets, but the Company does not expect the adoption of the new
 guidance to have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s results
 of operations.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09 Compensation-Stock
 Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based
 Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects
 of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions,
 including the income tax consequences, the determination of
 forfeiture rates, classification of awards as either equity or
 liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.
 This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2016, and early
 adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
 impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will have on its
 consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&#x201C;FASB&#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&#x201C;ASU&#x201D;) No.&#xA0;2016-13,&#xA0;<i>Financial Instruments
 &#x2013; Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, which is intended to provide
 financial statement users with more useful information about
 expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting
 entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the
 existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology
 that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and
 supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected
 credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2019
 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim
 periods within those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2018.
 The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new
 guidance.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2016-15, <i>Statement
 of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#x2013; Classification of Certain Cash
 Receipts and Cash Payments</i>, which clarifies the classification
 of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statements of
 cash flow to eliminate the diversity in practice related to eight
 specific cash flow issues. This ASU is effective for fiscal years
 and interim periods within those years beginning after
 December&#xA0;15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company
 is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.&#xA0;2016-18,
 <i>Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) &#x2013; Restricted Cash,</i>
 which requires the presentation of changes in restricted cash or
 restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This
 ASU is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within
 those years beginning after December&#xA0;15, 2017, with early
 adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact
 of this new guidance.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability stems
 from the initial sale of the Company&#x2019;s Series C redeemable
 convertible preferred stock wherein the Company was obligated to
 sell additional shares in subsequent closings contingent upon a
 majority of the stockholders of the outstanding redeemable
 convertible preferred stock and/or the achievement of certain
 development milestones. The subsequent closings were deemed to be
 freestanding financial instruments that were at the option of the
 holders. The Company estimated the fair value of this liability
 using a one-step binomial lattice model in combination with the
 Option Pricing Model. The change in fair value was recognized as a
 gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note
 10 for further discussion on the redeemable convertible preferred
 stock tranche liability and related valuations.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The determination of the fair value of the redeemable convertible
 preferred stock warrant liability is discussed in Note 8.
 Generally, increases or decreases in the fair value of the
 underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock would result in a
 directionally similar impact in the fair value measurement of the
 warrant liability.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances.  Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 305<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6375392&amp;loc=d3e26790-107797<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4273-108586<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for salaries, bonuses, incentive awards, postretirement and postemployment benefits granted to employees, including equity-based arrangements; discloses methodologies for measurement, and the bases for recognizing related assets and liabilities and recognizing and reporting compensation expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(f(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6875567&amp;loc=d3e14489-108613<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68064133&amp;loc=d3e61082-112788<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28088331&amp;loc=SL29635902-196195<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73719730&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73719730&amp;loc=d3e13531-108611<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68064133&amp;loc=d3e61044-112788<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting.  The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64809438&amp;loc=d3e5614-111684<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3A-03)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27015204&amp;loc=d3e355100-122828<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3A-02)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27015204&amp;loc=d3e355033-122828<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3630-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for determining the fair value of financial instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73719730&amp;loc=d3e13279-108611<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 60<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=7493716&amp;loc=d3e21868-110260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.CC)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27011434&amp;loc=d3e125687-122742<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64802544&amp;loc=d3e202-110218<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32840-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884525&amp;loc=d3e40913-109327<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491622&amp;loc=d3e9504-115650<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116654&amp;loc=d3e32247-109318<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116654&amp;loc=d3e32280-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesAvailableForSaleSecuritiesPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for investments in debt and equity securities that are classified as available-for-sale. This policy also may describe the entity's accounting treatment for transfers between investment categories, how the entity determines whether impairments of available-for-sale securities are other than temporary, and how the fair values of such securities are determined.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, basis of assets, depreciation and depletion methods used, including composite deprecation, estimated useful lives, capitalization policy, accounting treatment for costs incurred for repairs and maintenance, capitalized interest and the method it is calculated, disposals and impairments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Research and Development<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6523717<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64851502&amp;loc=d3e6061-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64851502&amp;loc=d3e6143-108592<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64851502&amp;loc=d3e6132-108592<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6925708192">
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<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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 The following table presents the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total financial assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">73,899</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,169</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level 3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Assets:</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total financial assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,868</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,004</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Liabilities:</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,643</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,643</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">480</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">480</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total financial liabilities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,123</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,123</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Company's Level 3 Financial Instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair
 value of the Company&#x2019;s Level 3 financial instruments as
 follows (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="85%"></td>
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 <b>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of financial instruments measured at fair value, including those classified in shareholders' equity measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, fair value measurements recorded and the reasons for the measurements, level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are categorized and transfers between levels 1 and 2. Nonrecurring fair value measurements are those that are required or permitted in the statement of financial position in particular circumstances.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of liabilities measured at fair value measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Includes, but is not limited to, fair value measurements recorded and the reasons for the measurements, level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are categorized and transfers between levels 1 and 2.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19190-110258<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6929680272">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Cash Equivalents and Available-for-sale Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities consisted of the
 following (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="68%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center">
 <b>Amortized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair&#xA0;Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">11,270</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,886</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(45</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,841</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,769</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,769</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Government bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,316</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(29</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,289</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,241</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(74</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,169</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Classified as:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash equivalents</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">18,504</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Available-for-sale securities - current</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">56,515</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,150</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">85,169</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="16"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center">
 <b>Amortized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair&#xA0;Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,373</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,009</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,004</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Classified as:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash equivalents</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,136</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Available-for-sale securities - current</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,868</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,004</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the
 following (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Prepaid clinical and research related expenses</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,488</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,253</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">906</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">305</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Prepaid expenses and other current assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,394</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,558</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Summary of Property and Equipment Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in
 thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="69%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="10%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Laboratory equipment</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,650</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,452</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Furniture and computer equipment</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">163</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">140</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Leasehold improvements</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">48</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total property and equipment</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,875</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,640</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Property and equipment, net</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6911455152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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 The following table summarizes the Company&#x2019;s future minimum
 lease payments as of December&#xA0;31, 2016 (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom"><b>Year Ending December&#xA0;31:</b></td>
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 2017</p>
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 2018</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of future minimum payments required in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for operating leases having initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year and the total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6904672160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TextBlockAbstract', window );"><strong>Text Block [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The table below provides information on the Company&#x2019;s
 redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December&#xA0;31, 2015
 (in thousands, except shares and original issue price):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
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 Issue&#xA0;Price</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Authorized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Issued and</b><br />
 <b>Outstanding</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Carrying</b><br />
 <b>Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Aggregate<br />
 Liquidation<br />
 Preference</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Series A</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.00</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,037,500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,037,500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,751</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,038</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Series B</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.50</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">40,000,000</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">36,000,000</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">18,825</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Series C</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.4979</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">80,337,411</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">16,420</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">17,500</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 Total redeemable convertible preferred stock</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">126,374,911</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">36,996</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of temporary equity. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65877616&amp;loc=d3e177068-122764<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (27)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6929381920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Common Stock (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance</a></td>
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 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 The Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance, on an
 as-converted basis, as follows:</p>
 <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" border="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" align="center">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Options issued and outstanding</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">833,178</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Options available for future grants</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">164,328</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">147,219</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">275,861</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="font-size:1px;">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,558,157</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,579,361</td>
 <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="font-size:1px;">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information.  Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.</p></div>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Options<br />
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Weighted-</b><br />
 <b>Average<br />
 Exercise<br />
 Price Per<br />
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 <b>Average<br />
 Remaining<br />
 Contractual<br />
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Aggregate<br />
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" colspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2013</b></p>
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 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.10</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">240,425</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.83</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercised</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,548</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.30</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options forfeited</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5,844</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5,844</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.13</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2014</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">116,832</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">476,006</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.40</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.04</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Additional options authorized</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">431,411</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options granted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(408,623</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">408,623</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.24</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercised</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(43,852</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.30</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options forfeited</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7,599</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,599</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.40</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2015</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">147,219</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">833,178</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.33</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.56</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Additional options authorized</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,697,088</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options granted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1,679,979</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,679,979</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14.24</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercised</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(119,328</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.28</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 <b>Balances at December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">164,328</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10.39</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">27,820</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options exercisable &#x2013; December&#xA0;31, 2016</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">492,714</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5.19</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7.70</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8,286</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options vested and expected to vest &#x2013; December&#xA0;31,
 2016</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,369,135</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10.37</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">8.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">27,596</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Employees and Non-employees for Stock Options and the 2016 ESPP</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for both
 employees and non-employees for stock options and the 2016 ESPP was
 as follows (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="69%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Research and development</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,080</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">39</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">17</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 General and administrative</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,050</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">60</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">25</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total stock-based compensation expense</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,130</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">99</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">42</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_DirectorAndEmployeeMember', window );">Employee and Director [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Grant-date Fair Value of Stock Option Awards Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The fair value of employee and director stock option awards was
 estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing
 model with the following assumptions:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="59%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="5%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="5%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"><b>Year Ended
 December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected term (in years)</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4.16&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;5.95</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5.89</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.08</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected volatility</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62.5&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;64.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">59.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">64.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Risk-free interest rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.27&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;1.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.57&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;1.58</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.89</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Dividend yield</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonEmployeesMember', window );">Non-employees [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Grant-date Fair Value of Stock Option Awards Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The fair value of the stock options granted was calculated at each
 reporting date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
 the following assumptions:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="58%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="9%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center"><b>Year Ended
 December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected term (in years)</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.59&#xA0;&#x2013;9.97</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">9.4</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected volatility</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62.5&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;62.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">59.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">64.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Risk-free interest rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.29&#xA0;&#x2013;&#xA0;1.79</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.95</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2.34</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Dividend yield</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Expected term (in years)</p>
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 Expected volatility</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Risk-free interest rate</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 Dividend yield</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the allocation of equity-based compensation costs to a given line item on the balance sheet and income statement for the period. This may include the reporting line for the costs and the amount capitalized and expensed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of share-based compensation plans that may be presented in a single table for outstanding, vested and expected to vest, and exercisable awards. The information that may be disclosed in this table may include, but is not limited to, number of shares, weighted average exercise price, weighted average remaining contractual life, and aggregate intrinsic value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754337088">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
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 Domestic</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(10,483</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Effective Tax Rate of Provision For Income Taxes Differs From Federal Statutory Rate</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 The effective tax rate of the provision for income taxes differs
 from the federal statutory rate as follows:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="69%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="6%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Federal statutory income tax rate</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">34.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">34.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">34.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 State taxes, net of federal benefit</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6.5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4.1</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Warrant revaluation</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(4.3</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(0.2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5.5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Foreign tax rate difference</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(1.6</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(6.8</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Change in valuation allowance</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(36.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(19.9</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(26.5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1.4</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.6</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Provision for income taxes</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">0.0</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">%&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Components of Deferred Tax Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in
 thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="72%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="8%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="7%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Deferred tax assets:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net operating loss carryforwards</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">21,501</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">9,513</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Depreciation and amortization</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">419</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">480</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Accruals/other</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">908</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">293</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Research and development credits&#xA0;&amp; foreign credits</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,143</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">285</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total deferred tax assets</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">23,971</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">10,571</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Valuation allowance</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(23,971</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(10,571</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsRollForwardTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits</a></td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td></td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 Balance at end of year</p>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 217<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116239&amp;loc=d3e36027-109320<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 4%; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and
 diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in
 thousands, except share and per share data):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-STYLE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Numerator:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(37,177</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(14,858</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,072</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(558</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(75</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(146</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss attributable to common stockholders</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(37,735</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(14,933</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,218</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Denominator:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per common share,
 basic and diluted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,501,796</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">251,717</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">227,197</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and
 diluted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5.80</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(59.32</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(49.38</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>


 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; WORD-SPACING: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ORPHANS: 2; WIDOWS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top" colspan="12">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em">
 The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities
 have been excluded from diluted net loss per share calculations for
 the years ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, because
 their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2em">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="12"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="10" align="center">
 <b>Year&#xA0;Ended&#xA0;December&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2015</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2014</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5,323,103</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,899,134</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Options to purchase common stock</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">833,178</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">476,006</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock on an
 as-converted basis</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">275,861</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">275,861</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; break-inside: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,393,829</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">6,432,142</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,651,001</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by antidilutive securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754376064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited) (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table presents the selected quarterly financial data
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Loss from operations</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,040</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,091</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,138</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,397</td>
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 Net loss</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,747</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,098</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7,084</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11,248</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 Loss from operations</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,689</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(3,083</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(4,021</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 Net loss</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2,697</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(3,219</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(3,449</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(5,493</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common
 stockholders, basic and diluted</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(11.75</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(13.78</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(12.79</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of quarterly financial data. Includes, but is not limited to, financial information for fiscal quarters, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and earnings per share data.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)-(j)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68076893&amp;loc=d3e1280-108306<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6771247344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and Description of Business - Additional Information (Detail)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 16, 2016 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2014 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2013 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit', window );">Reverse stock split description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">In July 2016, the Company's board of directors approved an amendment to the  Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse  split of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock at a 1-for-14.5  ratio, which was effected on August 1, 2016.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate', window );">Reverse stock split effective date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Aug.  01,  2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1', window );">Reverse stock split ratio</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.06896<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from stock issuance, net of underwriting discounts, commissions | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 83,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion', window );">Number of shares converted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,577,571<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (64,593)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (27,416)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 87,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Common stock issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,752,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_IPOMember', window );">Initial Public Offering [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from stock issuance, net of underwriting discounts, commissions | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 83,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Common stock issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">252,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Common stock price per share | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_IPOMember', window );">Initial Public Offering [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion', window );">Number of shares converted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,577,571<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,037,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,037,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Initial Public Offering [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash and cash equivalents and available for sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Organization consolidation and presentation of financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stockholders equity reverse stock split effective date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplitEffectiveDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for each share of convertible preferred stock that is converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21506-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from entity's first offering of stock to the public.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Ratio applied to the conversion of stock split, for example but not limited to, one share converted to two or two shares converted to one.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.C)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187143-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Stock Split<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6525746<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteStockSplitConversionRatio1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:pureItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the reverse stock split arrangement. Also provide the retroactive effect given by the reverse split that occurs after the balance sheet date but before the release of financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.C)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187143-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been issued and are held by the entity's shareholders. Securities outstanding equals securities issued minus securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_IPOMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_IPOMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6649002480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary Of Significant Accounting Policy [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities', window );">Research and development tax incentives</a></td>
<td class="nump">AUD 20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback', window );">Tax incentive rate related to research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Australia [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary Of Significant Accounting Policy [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback', window );">Tax incentive rate related to research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of project expenditures needed to be incurred for no clawback.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_PercentageOfProjectExpendituresNeededToBeIncurredForNoClawback</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage required for research and development expenses incurred to not be subject to clawback.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback</td>
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<td>num:percentItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Summary of significant accounting policy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicyLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tax incentive research and development activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_AU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>60
<FILENAME>R38.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6770453296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 85,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,004<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bonds Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,841<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Governmental Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,289<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember', window );">Money Market Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember', window );">Commercial Paper [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member', window );">Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member', window );">Level 1 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">73,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Level 2 [Member] | Corporate Bonds Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,841<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Level 2 [Member] | Governmental Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,289<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Level 2 [Member] | Commercial Paper [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Level 3 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Level 3 [Member] | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Level 3 [Member] | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total financial liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial and nonfinancial obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBondSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember</td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6770703776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Company's Level 3 Financial Instruments (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Change in fair value upon revaluation</a></td>
<td class="num">(525)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 543<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (872)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability', window );">Change in fair value upon revaluation</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,194)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(626)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(897)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity', window );">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,005)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability due to the issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,837)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity', window );">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Level 3 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Level 3 [Member] | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability', window );">Change in fair value upon revaluation</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,194<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability', window );">Settlement of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability due to the issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,837)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Level 3 [Member] | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Change in fair value upon revaluation</a></td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(543)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity', window );">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,005)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure', window );">Financial liabilities, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value adjustment of tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value liabilities measured on recurring and nonrecurring basis.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6939902&amp;loc=d3e20148-110875<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial and nonfinancial obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6756967264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components - Summary of Cash Equivalents and Available-for-sale Securities (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 85,241<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,009<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(74)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">85,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,004<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,136<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Available-for-sale securities - current</a></td>
<td class="nump">56,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,868<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bonds Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,886<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,373<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(45)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,841<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,368<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Governmental Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,289<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember', window );">Money Market Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,136<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,136<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember', window );">Commercial Paper [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue', window );">Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash equivalents and available for sale securities amortized cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash equivalents and available for sale securities fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesFairValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash equivalents and available for sale securities gross unrealized gain.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGain</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash equivalents and available for sale securities gross unrealized loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_CashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt and equity securities categorized neither as trading securities nor held-to-maturity securities and intended be sold or mature one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884222&amp;loc=d3e22054-111558<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investments in debt and equity securities which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading and which are intended to be sold or mature more than one year from the balance sheet date or operating cycle, if longer. Such securities are reported at fair value; unrealized gains (losses) related to Available-for-sale Securities are excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholders' equity (other comprehensive income), unless the Available-for-sale security is designated as a hedge or is determined to have had an other than temporary decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis. All or a portion of the unrealized holding gain (loss) of an Available-for-sale security that is designated as being hedged in a fair value hedge is recognized in earnings during the period of the hedge, as are other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis for investments in equity securities and debt securities that an entity intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. Other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis for debt securities categorized as Available-for-sale that an entity does not intend to sell and for which it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before the recovery of its amortized cost basis are bifurcated into credit losses and losses related to all other factors. Other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis related to credit losses are recognized in earnings, and losses related to all other factors are recognized in other comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Available-for-Sale Securities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505594<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBondSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6756995072">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossRealizedGainLossNet', window );">Realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">317,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 258,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">562,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">609,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_AU', window );">Australia [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 51,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod', window );">Available-for-sale securities current contractual maturity</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod', window );">Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod', window );">Available-for-sale securities - noncurrent</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Available for sale securities contractual maturity period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Available for sale securities noncurrent contractual maturity period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesNoncurrentContractualMaturityPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Balance sheet components.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_BalanceSheetComponentsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossRealizedGainLossNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the difference between the gross realized gains and losses realized on the sale of debt or equity securities categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities. Additionally, this item would include any losses recognized for other than temporary impairments (OTTI) of the subject investments in debt and equity securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73527792&amp;loc=d3e27357-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossRealizedGainLossNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_AU">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_AU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6905144528">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components - Summary of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials', window );">Prepaid clinical and research related expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,253<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">906<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">305<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,558<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Prepaid manufacturing of clinical materials.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_PrepaidManufacturingOfClinicalMaterials</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6757544512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components - Summary of Property and Equipment Net (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,875<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,640<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,313)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,031)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">609<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember', window );">Laboratory Equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,452<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Furniture and Computer Equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">163<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">140<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember', window );">Leasehold Improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Total property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 62<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=ptgx_LaboratoryEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=ptgx_FurnitureAndComputerEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>66
<FILENAME>R44.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6910289072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Balance Sheet Components - Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Payables (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_AccruedClinicalAndResearchRelatedExpensesCurrent', window );">Accrued clinical and research related expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,617<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 976<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrent', window );">Accrued employee related expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">754<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">235<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">149<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total accrued expenses and other payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,879<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_AccruedClinicalAndResearchRelatedExpensesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued clinical and research related expenses current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_AccruedClinicalAndResearchRelatedExpensesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations, excluding pension and other postretirement benefits, incurred through that date and payable for perquisites provided to employees pertaining to services received from them. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Current Liabilities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6509677<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Current Liabilities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6509677<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>67
<FILENAME>R45.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6757880304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Research Collaboration and License Agreement - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,705,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,831,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,459,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LicenseAgreementTermsMember', window );">Research Collaboration and License Agreement [Member] | PTG-300 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment', window );">Upfront payment based on agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PotentialMilestonePaymentsOnContractualObligation', window );">Potential milestone payment on collaboration arrangement</a></td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Research Collaboration and License Agreement [Member] | PTG-300 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment', window );">Aggregate milestone payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 128,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate amount of milestone payment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_AggregateAmountOfMilestonePayment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Collaborative agreement upfront payment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Potential milestone payments on contractual obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6769612640">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Government Programs - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="6">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="6">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2014 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2014 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>AUD</div>
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<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 2,241,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 169,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants', window );">Research and development grants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 219,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 224,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable', window );">Grants receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">155,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember', window );">Australian Taxation Office [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities', window );">Research and development tax incentives</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember', window );">Australian Taxation Office [Member] | Research and Development Tax Incentive Receivable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities', window );">Research and development tax incentives</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember', window );">Australian Taxation Office [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback', window );">Tax incentive rate related to research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember', window );">Overseas Findings [Member] | Australian Taxation Office [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable', window );">Research and development tax incentive receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">715,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 3,100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 978,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_DeferredTaxIncentive', window );">Deferred tax incentive</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 182,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 237,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis=us-gaap_ResearchMember', window );">Research and Development Tax Incentive [Member] | Australian Taxation Office [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems', window );"><strong>Government Programs [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction', window );">Reduction of research and development expenses related to tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 2,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 5,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 736,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 978,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 577,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">AUD 639,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_DeferredTaxIncentive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred tax incentive.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_DeferredTaxIncentive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Government programs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_GovernmentProgramsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage required for research and development expenses incurred to not be subject to clawback.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_PercentageRequiredForResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesIncurredToNotBeSubjectToClawback</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reduction of research and development expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesReduction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Research and development grants awarded during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Research and development tax incentive receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tax incentive research and development activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TaxIncentiveResearchAndDevelopmentActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts due under the terms of governmental, corporate, or foundation grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrantsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_HealthCareOrganizationRevenueSourcesAxis=ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_HealthCareOrganizationRevenueSourcesAxis=ptgx_SmallBusinessInnovationResearchGrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis=ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis=ptgx_ResearchAndDevelopmentTaxIncentiveReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=ptgx_OverseasFindingsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis=us-gaap_ResearchMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAxis=us-gaap_ResearchMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754337088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit', window );">Security deposit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates', window );">Lease expiration date</a></td>
<td class="text">2018-04<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet', window );">Rent expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 408,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 280,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 184,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Operating lease expiration dates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_OperatingLeaseExpirationDates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rental expense for the reporting period incurred under operating leases, including minimum and any contingent rent expense, net of related sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41499-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of an asset, typically cash, provided to a counterparty to provide certain assurance of performance by the entity pursuant to the terms of a written or oral agreement, such as a lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.8,17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SecurityDeposit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6760152560">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Detail)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 368<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">87<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 455<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeasesAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable letter-terms in excess of one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6772731008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Preferred Stock Warrants - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>IPO</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2014 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2013 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2014 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 31, 2016 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,488,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,362,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RemeasuredFairValueOfWarrants', window );">Remeasured fair value of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity', window );">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,005,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (543,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 872,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByLiabilityClassAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity', window );">Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationTechniqueAxis=ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember', window );">Option Pricing Model [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare', window );">Percentage of weighted value per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationTechniqueAxis=ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember', window );">PWERM [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare', window );">Percentage of weighted value per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario', window );">Fair value assumptions probabilities, number of IPO scenarios | IPO</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=ptgx_FirstTrancheWarrantsMember', window );">First Tranche Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued', window );">Number of convertible preferred stock issued upon exercise of stock warrants | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage', window );">Probability of exercisability percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember', window );">Second Tranche Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate', window );">Warrants issued date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Aug. 15,  2014<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage', window );">Probability of exercisability percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding, fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.73%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm', window );">Expected life</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued', window );">Number of convertible preferred stock issued upon exercise of stock warrants | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Warrants exercise price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement', window );">Percentage of warrants exercisable upon new product announcement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm', window );">Expected life</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage', window );">Probability of exercisability percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,999,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, warrants exercisable | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised', window );">Number of redeemable convertible preferred stock expired unexercised | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Class of warrant or right number of warrants or rights issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsOrRightsIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Class of warrants or rights issuance date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ClassOfWarrantsOrRightsIssuanceDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value assumptions probabilities number of initial public offering scenario.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_FairValueAssumptionsProbabilitiesNumberOfInitialPublicOfferingScenario</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of warrants expired unexercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_NumberOfWarrantsExpiredUnexercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of warrants exercisable upon new product announcement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_PercentageOfWarrantsExercisableUponNewProductAnnouncement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of weighted value per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_PercentageOfWeightedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Probability of exercisability percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reclassification of preferred stock warrant liability to equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ReclassificationOfPreferredStockWarrantLiabilityToEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_RemeasuredFairValueOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Remeasured fair value of warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_RemeasuredFairValueOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6939902&amp;loc=d3e20148-110875<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period the instrument, asset or liability is expected to be outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Measure of dispersion, in percentage terms (for instance, the standard deviation or variance), for a given stock price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Risk-free interest rate assumption used in valuing an instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of callable preferred stock which is identified as being convertible to another type of financial security at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been sold (or granted) to the entity's shareholders. Securities issued include securities outstanding and securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of outstanding derivative securities that permit the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specified price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,577,571<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock redemption date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2022-07<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, period accretion</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 558,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 146,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Temporary Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,999,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity redemption date earliest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquityRedemptionDateEarliest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearMonthItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for each share of convertible preferred stock that is converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21506-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of callable preferred stock which is identified as being convertible to another type of financial security at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of accretion of temporary equity to its redemption value during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been sold (or granted) to the entity's shareholders. Securities issued include securities outstanding and securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been issued and are held by the entity's shareholders. Securities outstanding equals securities issued minus securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6772442384">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock - Summary of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Temporary Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,374,911<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued and outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference', window );">Convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,538<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Temporary Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice', window );">Convertible preferred stock, original issue price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.0000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,037,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued and outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,037,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent', window );">Convertible preferred stock, carrying value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,751<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference', window );">Convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Temporary Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice', window );">Convertible preferred stock, original issue price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.5000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.50<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued and outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent', window );">Convertible preferred stock, carrying value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference', window );">Convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems', window );"><strong>Temporary Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice', window );">Convertible preferred stock, original issue price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4979<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4979<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,337,411<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,337,411<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued and outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,147,617<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent', window );">Convertible preferred stock, carrying value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference', window );">Convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity shares issue price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity, shares issued and outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedAndOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount, attributable to parent, of an entity's issued and outstanding stock which is not included within permanent equity. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. Includes stock with a put option held by an ESOP and stock redeemable by a holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityCarryingAmountAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate liquidation preference (or restrictions) of stock classified as temporary equity that has a preference in involuntary liquidation considerably in excess of the par or stated value of the shares. The liquidation preference is the difference between the preference in liquidation and the par or stated values of the share. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.28(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityLiquidationPreference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of securities classified as temporary equity that are permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesARedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>74
<FILENAME>R52.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6770560000">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 10, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2014</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,185,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,488,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,362,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability', window );">Fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability reclassified</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,837,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,308,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,374,911<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability', window );">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,194,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 626,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">897,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember', window );">Second Tranche Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage', window );">Probability of exercisability percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,147,617<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,189,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue', window );">Fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage', window );">Probability of exercisability percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm', window );">Fair value assumptions, expected term</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 months 11 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Fair value assumptions, risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.73%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4979<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4979<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,337,411<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,337,411<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Fair value assumptions, expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability', window );">Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock tranche liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 626,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 897,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Option Pricing Model [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsWeightedAverageVolatilityRate', window );">Fair value assumptions, weighted volatility rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | PWERM [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsWeightedAverageVolatilityRate', window );">Fair value assumptions, weighted volatility rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Second Tranche Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Additional shares to be issued upon the achievement of certain development milestones</a></td>
<td class="nump">45,189,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,999,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue', window );">Fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage', window );">Probability of exercisability percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm', window );">Fair value assumptions, expected term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Fair value assumptions, risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.50<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.5000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized', window );">Redeemable convertible preferred stock, authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value adjustment of tranche liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_FairValueAdjustmentOfTrancheLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Probability of exercisability percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ProbabilityOfExercisabilityPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redeemable convertible preferred stock liability fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiabilityFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Tranche Liability [Line Items]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockTrancheLiabilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement of fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_SettlementOfFairValueOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Temporary equity shares issue price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate number of nonredeemable convertible preferred shares reserved for future issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.28)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesReservedForFutureIssuance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period the instrument, asset or liability is expected to be outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Measure of dispersion, in percentage terms (for instance, the standard deviation or variance), for a given stock price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Risk-free interest rate assumption used in valuing an instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsWeightedAverageVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average expected volatility of stock price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssumptionsWeightedAverageVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of callable preferred stock which is identified as being convertible to another type of financial security at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of securities classified as temporary equity that are permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been sold (or granted) to the entity's shareholders. Securities issued include securities outstanding and securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquitySharesIssued</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=ptgx_SecondTrancheWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesCRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationTechniqueAxis=ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationTechniqueAxis=ptgx_OptionPricingModelMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationTechniqueAxis=ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationTechniqueAxis=ptgx_ProbabilityWeightedExpectedReturnMethodMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6929605264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Common Stock - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance (Detail) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,558,157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,579,361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,323,103<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember', window );">Options Issued and Outstanding [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,393,829<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">833,178<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">275,861<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember', window );">Options Available for Future Grants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">164,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,219<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate number of common shares reserved for future issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_StockOptionsOutstandingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=ptgx_FutureOptionGrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>76
<FILENAME>R54.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6757986976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Common stock reserved for issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,558,157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,579,361<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 169,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Options, weighted-average grant-date fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.69<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.82<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Expected dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,130,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 99,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Total unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Period of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs to be recognized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years 1 month 13 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Additional vesting years</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Common stock reserved for issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Vesting percentage of requisite service period</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod', window );">Expiration period</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent', window );">Exercise price as a percentage of the fair market value of common stock on grant date</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionOwningMoreThanTenPercentOfVotingRightsPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent', window );">Exercise price as a percentage of the fair market value for option holding more than 10% total combined voting power</a></td>
<td class="nump">110.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights', window );">Minimum percentage of voting right to grant stock option</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember', window );">2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Common stock reserved for issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">150,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Expected dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate', window );">Percentage of discount from fair market value of common stock on offering date</a></td>
<td class="nump">85.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum', window );">Maximum percentage of outstanding stock issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum', window );">Maximum number of outstanding stock issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod', window );">Maximum period for additional outstanding stock issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember', window );">2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation', window );">Maximum percentage of payroll deductions on eligible compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember', window );">2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod', window );">Expiration period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Additional vesting years</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod', window );">Cliff vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember', window );">Non-employee Consultants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Options granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,816<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,805<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 505,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award additional shares issuable maximum.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuableMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award additional shares issuance maximum period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAdditionalSharesIssuanceMaximumPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award award cliff vesting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardCliffVestingPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionOwningMoreThanTenPercentOfVotingRightsPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award option owning more than ten percent of voting rights purchase price of common stock percent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionOwningMoreThanTenPercentOfVotingRightsPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award percentage of payroll deductions on annual compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfPayrollDeductionsOnAnnualCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award voting rights.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardVotingRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the expense recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate number of common shares reserved for future issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation is expected to be recognized for equity-based compensation plans, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period which an employee's right to exercise an award is no longer contingent on satisfaction of either a service condition, market condition or a performance condition, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Discount rate from fair value on offering date that participants pay for shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the reporting period as calculated by applying the disclosed option pricing methodology.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum number of shares that may be issued in accordance with the plan as a proportion of outstanding capital stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfOutstandingStockMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of vesting of share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period from grant date that an equity-based award expires, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Purchase price of common stock expressed as a percentage of its fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardPurchasePriceOfCommonStockPercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSevenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonemployeeConsultantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>77
<FILENAME>R55.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6758042672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans - Schedule of Activity under Equity Incentive Plans (Detail) - 2007 and 2016 Equity Incentive Plans [Member] - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2013</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Options Available for Grant, Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">147,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,082<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Options Available for Grant, Additional options authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,697,088<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">431,411<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">240,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod', window );">Options Available for Grant, Options granted</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,679,979)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(408,623)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(199,519)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod', window );">Options Available for Grant, Options exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Options Available for Grant, Options forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,844<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Options Available for Grant, Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">164,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,082<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">833,178<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">476,006<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">284,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Options granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,679,979<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">408,623<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Options exercised</a></td>
<td class="num">(119,328)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,852)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,548)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Options forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,599)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,844)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,393,829<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">833,178<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">476,006<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">284,879<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">492,714<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.83<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Options Outstanding, Options vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,369,135<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.39<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.40<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Options vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)</a></td>
<td class="text">8 years 9 months 15 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">8 years 6 months 22 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">8 years 15 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 11 months 1 day<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years), Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years), Options vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">8 years 9 months 15 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,820<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,596<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of shares available for grant exercised in period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantExercisedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of shares available for grant granted in period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrantGrantedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under an established share-based compensation plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The difference between the maximum number of shares (or other type of equity) authorized for issuance under the plan (including the effects of amendments and adjustments), and the sum of: 1) the number of shares (or other type of equity) already issued upon exercise of options or other equity-based awards under the plan; and 2) shares (or other type of equity) reserved for issuance on granting of outstanding awards, net of cancellations and forfeitures, if applicable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the balance sheet date, the number of shares into which fully vested and expected to vest stock options outstanding can be converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the balance sheet date, the weighted-average exercise price for outstanding stock options that are fully vested or expected to vest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees could have acquired the underlying shares with respect to stock options that were terminated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares related to Restricted Stock Award forfeited during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans - Schedule of Grant-date Fair Value of Employee and Director Stock Option Awards Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years 10 months 21 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 29 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum', window );">Expected volatility, Minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">62.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum', window );">Expected volatility, Maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">64.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.89%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, Minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.27%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.57%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, Maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.79%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.58%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 1 month 28 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 11 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the maximum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the minimum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expected term of share-based compensation awards, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>79
<FILENAME>R57.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6756836480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans - Schedule of Grant-date Fair Value of Non-employees Stock Option Awards Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years 10 months 21 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 29 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum', window );">Expected volatility, Minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">62.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum', window );">Expected volatility, Maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">64.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.89%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, Minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.27%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.57%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, Maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.79%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.58%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 1 month 28 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 11 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonEmployeesMember', window );">Non-employees [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">9 years 4 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum', window );">Expected volatility, Minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">62.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum', window );">Expected volatility, Maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">62.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.95%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.34%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, Minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.29%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum', window );">Risk-free interest rate, Maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.79%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonEmployeesMember', window );">Non-employees [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years 7 months 2 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonEmployeesMember', window );">Non-employees [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">9 years 11 months 19 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the maximum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the minimum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expected term of share-based compensation awards, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonEmployeesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=ptgx_NonEmployeesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>80
<FILENAME>R58.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6929737776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans - Schedule of Fair Value of Rights under 2016 ESPP Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years 10 months 21 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 29 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.89%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember', window );">2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected term (in years)</a></td>
<td class="text">7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected volatility</a></td>
<td class="nump">52.48%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-free interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.45%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expected term of share-based compensation awards, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ptgx_TwoThousandSixteenEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6926878384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Plans - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Employees and Non-employees for Stock Options and the 2016 ESPP (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Total stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember', window );">Research and Development [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Total stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">General and Administrative [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Total stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,050<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 60<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the expense recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>82
<FILENAME>R60.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754396640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount', window );">Increase in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,900,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsStateAndLocal', window );">Research and development tax credit carryforwards, state</a></td>
<td class="nump">600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic', window );">Research and development tax credit carryforwards, federal</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomesticExpirationPeriodStart', window );">Federal research and development tax credits, expiration start date</a></td>
<td class="text">2035<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis=us-gaap_EarliestTaxYearMember', window );">Earliest Tax Year [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OpenTaxYear', window );">Open tax year</a></td>
<td class="text">2012<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis=us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember', window );">Latest Tax Year [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OpenTaxYear', window );">Open tax year</a></td>
<td class="text">2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_AustralianTaxationOfficeMember', window );">Australian Taxation Office [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Accumulated tax losses carry forward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember', window );">Domestic Tax Authority [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Accumulated tax losses carry forward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year</a></td>
<td class="text">2033<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember', window );">State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Accumulated tax losses carry forward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 37,700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year</a></td>
<td class="text">2033<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomesticExpirationPeriodStart">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred tax assets operating loss carryforwards domestic expiration period start.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomesticExpirationPeriodStart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Income tax disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net operating loss carry forwards expiration year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible domestic operating loss carryforwards. Excludes state and local operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsStateAndLocal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible state and local operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsStateAndLocal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Income Tax Expense (or Benefit)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6515339<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OpenTaxYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tax year that remains open to examination under enacted tax laws, in CCYY format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OpenTaxYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116654&amp;loc=d3e32123-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis=us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TaxPeriodAxis=us-gaap_LatestTaxYearMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6925074528">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Domestic and Foreign Components of Net Loss (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="8">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic', window );">Domestic</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (34,977)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,483)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (9,515)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,375)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,557)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Total net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (11,248)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,084)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,098)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,747)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,449)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,219)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,697)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,072)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to domestic operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to foreign operations, which is defined as Income or Loss generated from operations located outside the entity's country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6757424560">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Summary of Effective Tax Rate of Provision For Income Taxes Differs From Federal Statutory Rate (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract', window );"><strong>Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Federal statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State taxes, net of federal benefit</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.10%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation', window );">Warrant revaluation</a></td>
<td class="num">(4.30%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.20%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5.50%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential', window );">Foreign tax rate difference</a></td>
<td class="num">(1.60%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11.80%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6.80%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Change in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(36.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19.90%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26.50%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations', window );">Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effective income tax rate reconciliation warrant revaluation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationWarrantRevaluation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to statutory income tax expense (benefit) outside of the country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to state and local income tax expense (benefit), net of federal tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6910201312">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Tax Assets (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred tax assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,501<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,513<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">480<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther', window );">Accruals/other</a></td>
<td class="nump">908<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">293<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards', window );">Research and development credits &amp; foreign credits</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,143<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">285<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross', window );">Total deferred tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,571<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(23,971)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,571)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet', window );">Net deferred tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred tax assets depreciation and amortization.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_DeferredTaxAssetsDepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Deferred Tax Asset<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6510090<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of a valuation allowances, of deferred tax assets attributable to deductible tax credit carryforwards including, but not limited to, research, foreign, general business, alternative minimum tax, and other deductible tax credit carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Carryforwards<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506874<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from reserves and accruals, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6914351744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits', window );">Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions', window );">Additions based on tax positions related to in prior years</a></td>
<td class="nump">707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions', window );">Additions based on tax positions related to current year</a></td>
<td class="nump">619<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits', window );">Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 805<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrecognized tax benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Unrecognized Tax Benefit<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6527854<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions that have been or will be taken in current period tax return.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions taken in prior period tax returns.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6769556864">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="8">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract', window );"><strong>Numerator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (11,248)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,084)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,098)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,747)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,449)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,219)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,697)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,072)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment', window );">Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(558)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(75)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (37,735)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,933)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,218)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract', window );"><strong>Denominator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per common share, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,501,796<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">251,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">227,197<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.67)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.87)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (19.07)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (40.96)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (20.31)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (12.79)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (13.78)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11.75)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5.80)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (59.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (49.38)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net income after adjustments for dividends on preferred stock (declared in the period) and/or cumulative preferred stock (accumulated for the period).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64863997&amp;loc=d3e1377-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease to net income for accretion of temporary equity to its redemption value to derive net income apportioned to common stockholders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TemporaryEquityAccretionToRedemptionValueAdjustment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>88
<FILENAME>R66.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6649314544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,393,829<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,432,142<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,651,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,323,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,899,134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_WarrantsToPurchaseRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Warrants to Purchase Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">275,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">275,861<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Options to Purchase Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,393,829<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">833,178<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">476,006<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Antidilution<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505113<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Diluted Earnings Per Share<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6510752<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Contingent Stock Agreement<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6508534<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_WarrantsToPurchaseRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ptgx_WarrantsToPurchaseRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>89
<FILENAME>R67.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6767961312">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate', window );">Lease commencement date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul.  01,  2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseExpirationDate1', window );">Lease expiration date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 30,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Aggregate minimum lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 455,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit', window );">Security deposit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Aggregate minimum lease payments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,400,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit', window );">Security deposit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 450,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Operating leases commencement date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ptgx_OperatingLeasesCommencementDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ptgx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date which lease or group of leases is set to expire, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseExpirationDate1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable letter-terms in excess of one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SecurityDeposit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of an asset, typically cash, provided to a counterparty to provide certain assurance of performance by the entity pursuant to the terms of a written or oral agreement, such as a lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.8,17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SecurityDeposit</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Detail information of subsequent event by type. User is expected to use existing line items from elsewhere in the taxonomy as the primary line items for this disclosure, which is further associated with dimension and member elements pertaining to a subsequent event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754409808">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Supplementary Financial Data (Unaudited) - Summary of Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="8">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (11,397)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,138)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,091)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,040)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,001)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,021)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,083)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,689)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (32,666)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (9,319)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="num">$ (11,248)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,084)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,098)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,747)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,449)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,219)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,697)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (37,177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,072)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.67)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.87)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (19.07)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (40.96)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (20.31)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (12.79)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (13.78)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11.75)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5.80)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (59.32)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (49.38)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
