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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 7. Income Taxes Corporate Income Tax The major components of consolidated net deferred income tax assets and liabilities recognized in our consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
Net deferred income tax assets |  |  | 17,636 |  |  |  | 13,385 |
Net deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 169 |
The components of our consolidated net deferred income tax assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
Net deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unearned revenues |  |  | 6,305 |  |  |  | 3,022 |
Lease liability over ROU assets under IFRS 16 |  |  | 3,693 |  |  |  | 581 |
Unamortized past service pension costs |  |  | 3,229 |  |  |  | 3,364 |
Accumulated provision for expected credit losses |  |  | 2,814 |  |  |  | 2,920 |
Unrealized foreign exchange gains |  |  | 1,509 |  |  |  | 403 |
Pension and other employee benefits |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  | 3,590 |
Accumulated write-down of inventories to net realizable values |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 662 |
Derivative financial instruments |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | (30 | )
NOLCO |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 10 |
Fixed asset impairment/depreciation due to shortened life of property and equipment |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 79 |
Excess MCIT over RCIT |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 1 |
Taxes and duties capitalized |  |  | (129 | ) |  |  | (141 | )
Customer list and trademark |  |  | (197 | ) |  |  | 129 |
Capitalized charges and others |  |  | (2,067 | ) |  |  | (1,205 | )
Total deferred income tax assets – net |  |  | 17,636 |  |  |  | 13,385 |
Net deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment property |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 241 |
Unrealized foreign exchange gains |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 5 |
Others |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | (77 | )
Total deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 169 |
Changes in our consolidated net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
Net deferred income tax assets – balances at beginning of the year |  |  | 13,385 |  |  |  | 19,556 |
Net deferred income tax liabilities – balances at beginning of the year |  |  | (169 | ) |  |  | (726 | )
Net balances at beginning of the year |  |  | 13,216 |  |  |  | 18,830 |
Benefit from (provision for) deferred income tax |  |  | 4,175 |  |  |  | (2,348 | )
Movement charged directly to other comprehensive loss |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | (3,239 | )
Others |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | (27 | )
Net balances at end of the year |  |  | 17,432 |  |  |  | 13,216 |
Net deferred income tax assets – balances at end of the year |  |  | 17,636 |  |  |  | 13,385 |
Net deferred income tax liabilities – balances at end of the year |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | (169 | )
The impact of the change in tax rates in our deferred income tax assets and liabilities under the CREATE law is included in the deferred income tax assets charged directly to other comprehensive income and provision for deferred income tax. The analysis of our consolidated net deferred income tax assets as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets to be recovered after 12 months |  |  | 15,336 |  |  |  | 10,127 |
Deferred income tax assets to be recovered within 12 months |  |  | 2,300 |  |  |  | 3,258 |
|  |  | 17,636 |  |  |  | 13,385 |
The analysis of our consolidated net deferred income tax liabilities as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income tax liabilities to be settled after 12 months |  |  | (221 | ) |  |  | (173 | )
Deferred income tax liabilities to be settled within 12 months |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 4 |
Net deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | (169 | )
Provision for (benefit from) income tax for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 consist of:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |  |
Current |  |  | 6,949 |  |  |  | 5,130 |  |  |  | 4,452 |
Deferred (Note 3) |  |  | (4,175 | ) |  |  | 2,348 |  |  |  | 3,989 |
|  |  | 2,774 |  |  |  | 7,478 |  |  |  | 8,441 |
The impact of the application of MCIT amounting to Php 5 million, Php 2 million and Php 1,426 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, was considered in the provisions for current and deferred income taxes. The reconciliation between the provision for income tax at the applicable statutory tax rate and the actual provision for corporate income tax for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |  |
Provision for income tax at the applicable statutory tax rate |  |  | 3,377 |  |  |  | 8,538 |  |  |  | 9,906 |
Tax effects of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity share in net loss (income) of associates and joint ventures |  |  | 427 |  |  |  | (284 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Nondeductible expenses |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 558 |  |  |  | 144 |
Loss (income) not subject to income tax |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (27 | )
NOLCO/MCIT expiration |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | 352 |
Tax adjustment due to CREATE |  | — |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | — |
Special deductible items and income subject to lower tax rate |  |  | (141 | ) |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | (537 | )
Income subject to final tax |  |  | (185 | ) |  |  | (186 | ) |  |  | (189 | )
Difference between Optional Standard Deduction, OSD, and itemized deductions |  |  | (765 | ) |  |  | (610 | ) |  |  | (426 | )
Net movement in unrecognized deferred income tax assets and other adjustments |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (626 | ) |  |  | (762 | )
Actual provision for income tax |  |  | 2,774 |  |  |  | 7,478 |  |  |  | 8,441 |
The breakdown of our consolidated deductible temporary differences, carryforward benefits of unused tax credits from excess of MCIT over RCIT, and NOLCO (excluding those not recognized due to the adoption of the OSD method) for which no deferred income tax assets were recognized and the equivalent amount of unrecognized deferred income tax assets as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
Fixed asset impairment |  |  | 1,271 |  |  |  | 1,286 |
Accumulated provision for expected credit losses |  |  | 1,042 |  |  |  | 963 |
NOLCO |  |  | 592 |  |  |  | 327 |
Pension and other employee benefits |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 75 |
Lease liability over ROU assets under IFRS 16 |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 19 |
Unearned revenues |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 21 |
Excess MCIT over RCIT |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 22 |
Accumulated write-down of inventories to net realizable values |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |
Interest on subordinated shareholder advances |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )
Unrealized foreign exchange losses |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | 28 |
Provisions |  |  | (114 | ) |  |  | 787 |
|  |  | 2,949 |  |  |  | 3,537 |
Unrecognized deferred income tax assets |  |  | 748 |  |  |  | 901 |
DMPI and ePLDT availed of the OSD method in computing their taxable income. This assessment is based on projected taxable profits at a level where it is favorable to use OSD method. These companies are also expected to avail of the OSD method in the foreseeable future. Thus, certain deferred income tax assets of DMPI and ePLDT amounting to Php 135 million and Php 201 million as at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were not recognized. Our consolidated deferred income tax assets have been recorded to the extent that such consolidated deferred income tax assets are expected to be utilized against sufficient future taxable profit. Deferred income tax assets shown in the preceding table were not recognized as we believe that future taxable profit will not be sufficient to realize these deductible temporary differences and carryforward benefits of unused tax credits from excess of MCIT over RCIT, and NOLCO in the future. The breakdown of our consolidated excess MCIT and NOLCO as at December 31, 2022 are as follows:
Date Incurred |  | Expiry Date |  | MCIT |  |  | NOLCO |
|  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | — |
December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2026 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81 |
December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 1,016 |
|  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 1,097 |
NOLCO incurred by foreign affiliates which can be carried over indefinitely |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 155 |
|  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 1,252 |
Consolidated tax benefits |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 313 |
Consolidated unrecognized deferred income tax assets |  |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (148 | )
Consolidated recognized deferred income tax assets |  |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 165 |
The excess MCIT totaling Php 118 million as at December 31, 2022 can be deducted against future RCIT liability. The excess MCIT that was deducted against RCIT amounted to Php 5 million, Php 2 million and Php 1,426 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amount of expired MCIT amounted to Php 3 million, nil and Php 1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. NOLCO totaling Php 1,252 million as at December 31, 2022 can be claimed as deduction against future taxable income. The NOLCO claimed as deduction against taxable income amounted to Php 42 million, Php 556 million and Php 2,109 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amount of expired NOLCO amounted to Php 225 thousand, Php 990 million and 1,170 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Republic Act No. 11494 Bayanihan to Recover as One Act, or Bayanihan II Republic Act No. 11494, otherwise known as the Bayanihan to Recover as One Act, or Bayanihan II, was signed by the President on September 11, 2020. It contains the government’s second wave of relief measures to address the health and economic crises stemming from the COVID-19 outbreak. As part of mitigating the costs and losses stemming from the disruption of economic activities, Bayanihan II extends the carry-over of the NOLCO incurred in 2021 to 2022 as deductions from gross income for the next five consecutive taxable years immediately following the year of the loss. Hence, the carry-over period for the expiration of NOLCO incurred in 2021 and 2022 amounting to Php 81 million and Php 1,016 million, respectively, has been extended to five years from the previous three years. Registration with Clark Special Economic Zone ClarkTel is registered with Clark Special Economic Zone, or Economic Zones, under Republic Act No. 7227 otherwise known as the Bases Conversion and Development Act of 1992. As registrant, ClarkTel is entitled to all the rights, privileges and benefits established thereunder including tax and duty-free importation of capital equipment and a special income tax rate of 5% of gross income, as defined in Republic Act No. 7227. Our consolidated income derived from non-registered activities within the Economic Zones is subject to the RCIT rate at the end of the reporting period. See Note 20 – Equity

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