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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Intangible assets and goodwill [abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 15. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Changes in goodwill and intangible assets account for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | Intangible Assets with |  |  | Intangible Assets with Finite Life |  |  | Total Intangible Assets with |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | Total Goodwill and |
|  | Indefinite Life |  |  | Trademark |  |  | Franchise |  |  | Licenses |  | Customer List |  |  |  | Spectrum |  |  | Others |  |  | Finite Life |  |  | Intangible Assets |  |  | Goodwill |  |  | Intangible Assets |
|  |  |  |  | (in million pesos) |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at beginning and end of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 799 |  |  |  | 14,363 |  |  |  | 14,363 |  |  |  | 62,033 |  |  |  | 76,396 |
Additions during the year (Note 11) |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 521 |  |  |  | 521 |  |  |  | 741 |  |  |  | 1,565 |  |  |  | 2,306 |
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Balances at end of the year |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 1,320 |  |  |  | 14,884 |  |  |  | 15,104 |  |  |  | 63,595 |  |  |  | 78,699 |
Accumulated amortization and impairment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at beginning of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 1,892 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 13,207 |  |  |  | 13,207 |  |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | 13,861 |
Amortization during the year (Notes 4 and 5) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 228 |
Business combinations |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71 |
Translation and other adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10 | )
Balances at end of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 2,078 |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | 13,496 |  |  |  | 13,496 |  |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | 14,150 |
Net balances at end of the year |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 938 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 1,388 |  |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  | 62,941 |  |  |  | 64,549 |
Estimated useful lives (in years) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 5-10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Remaining useful lives (in years) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4-9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at beginning and end of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 14,335 |  |  |  | 14,335 |  |  |  | 62,033 |  |  |  | 76,368 |
Additions during the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |
Balances at end of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 799 |  |  |  | 14,363 |  |  |  | 14,363 |  |  |  | 62,033 |  |  |  | 76,396 |
Accumulated amortization and impairment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at beginning of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,877 |  |  |  | 1,706 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 10,385 |  |  |  | 10,385 |  |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | 11,039 |
Amortization during the year (Notes 4 and 5) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,628 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,822 |  |  |  | 2,822 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,822 |
Balances at end of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 1,892 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 13,207 |  |  |  | 13,207 |  |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | 13,861 |
Net balances at end of the year |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,124 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1,156 |  |  |  | 1,156 |  |  |  | 61,379 |  |  |  | 62,535 |
Estimated useful lives (in years) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Remaining useful lives (in years) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
The consolidated goodwill and intangible assets of our reportable segments as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | Wireless |  |  | Fixed Line |  |  | Total |  |  | Wireless |  |  | Fixed Line |  |  | Total |
|  | (in million pesos) |
Franchise |  |  | 938 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 938 |  |  |  | 1,124 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,124 |
Customer list |  |  | — |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Licenses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |
Others |  |  | — |  |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 28 |
Total intangible assets |  |  | 938 |  |  |  | 670 |  |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  | 1,128 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1,156 |
Goodwill |  |  | 56,571 |  |  |  | 6,370 |  |  |  | 62,941 |  |  |  | 56,571 |  |  |  | 4,808 |  |  |  | 61,379 |
Total goodwill and intangible assets |  |  | 57,509 |  |  |  | 7,040 |  |  |  | 64,549 |  |  |  | 57,699 |  |  |  | 4,836 |  |  |  | 62,535 |
The consolidated future amortization of intangible assets as at December 31, 2022 are as follows:
Year |  | (in million pesos) |
2023 |  |  | 48 |
2024 |  |  | 192 |
2025 |  |  | 192 |
2026 |  |  | 191 |
2027 and onwards |  |  | 385 |
|  |  | 1,008 |
Amortization of Sun Cellular Trademark Trademark pertains to the “Sun Cellular” trademark of DMPI, resulting from PLDT’s acquisition of Digitel in 2011. It was assessed during the acquisition that the trademark would have indefinite useful life because we had no plans to fade out DMPI’s trademark. In October 2020, we implemented the rebranding of Sun Prepaid into Smart Prepaid. Subscribers retained their existing Sun numbers while having access to expanded retail customer care channels, data-centric offers of Smart alongside existing select Sun top-up offers. As a result, we fully amortized the "Sun Cellular" trademark until July 2021, of which Php 2,628 million and Php 1,877 million were recognized in 2021 and 2020. See Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Sun Prepaid Rebranding to Smart Prepaid and Note 3 – Management’s Use of Accounting Judgments, Estimates and Assumptions – Estimating useful lives of intangible assets with finite lives. Impairment Testing of Goodwill The organizational structure of PLDT and its subsidiaries is designed to monitor financial operations based on fixed line and wireless segmentation. Management provides guidelines and decisions on resource allocation, such as continuing or disposing of asset and operations by evaluating the performance of each segment through review and analysis of available financial information on the fixed line and wireless segments. As at December 31, 2022, the PLDT Group’s goodwill comprised of goodwill resulting from PGIH’s acquisition of Multisys, ePLDT’s acquisition of IPCDSI in 2012, PLDT’s acquisition of Digitel in 2011, ePLDT’s acquisition of ePDS in 2011, Smart’s acquisition of PDSI and Chikka in 2009, SBI’s acquisition of Airborne Access Corporation in 2008, and Smart’s acquisition of SBI in 2004. Although revenue streams may be segregated among the companies within the PLDT Group, cash inflows are not considered coming from independent group of assets on a per Company basis due largely to the significant portion of shared and commonly used network/platform that generates related revenue. On the other hand, PLDT has the largest fixed line network in the Philippines. PLDT’s transport facilities are installed nationwide to cover both domestic and international IP backbone to route and transmit IP traffic generated by the customers. In the same manner, PLDT has the most Internet Gateway facilities which are composed of high capacity IP routers and switches that serve as the main gateway of the Philippines to the Internet connecting to the World Wide Web. With PLDT’s network coverage, other fixed line subsidiaries share the same facilities to leverage on a Group perspective. Because of the significant common use of network facilities among fixed line and wireless companies within the Group, management deems that the Wireless and Fixed Line units are the lowest CGUs to which goodwill is to be allocated and tested for impairment given that the Fixed Line and Wireless operations generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount of the Wireless and Fixed Line CGUs have been determined using the value- in-use approach calculated using cash flow projections based on the financial budgets approved by the Board of Directors. The post-tax discount rates applied to cash flow projections are 7.38% for the Wireless and Fixed Line CGUs. Cash flows beyond the projection period of three years are determined using a 2% growth rate for the Wireless and Fixed Line CGUs, which is the same as the long-term average growth rate for the telecommunications industry. Other key assumptions used in the cash flow projections include revenue growth rate and capital expenditures. Based on the assessment of the VIU of the Wireless and Fixed Line CGUs, the recoverable amount of the Wireless and Fixed Line CGUs exceeded their carrying amounts, hence, no impairment was recognized in relation to goodwill as at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The accumulated impairment balance as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 is comprised of Php 438 million from PLDT’s acquisition of Digitel and Php 216 million from ePLDT’s acquisition of AGS.

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