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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability as of the measurement date. A three-tier, fair-value reporting hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements based on the observability of the inputs to the valuation of financial assets and liabilities. The three levels are: Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 1 assets may include equity and debt securities that are traded in an active exchange market, including shares of mutual funds. Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Level 2 assets and liabilities may include debt and equity securities, purchased loans and over-the-counter derivative contracts whose fair value is determined using a pricing model without significant unobservable market data inputs. Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in active markets. (a) Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis The following table presents fair value measurements for classes of Federated's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31:
|  | 2015 |  | 2014
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
in thousands |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 172,628 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 172,628 |  |  | $ | 115,267 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 115,267 |
Available-for-sale equity securities |  | 117,422 |  |  | 24,326 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 141,748 |  |  | 119,435 |  |  | 23,755 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 143,190 |
Trading securities – equity |  | 15,900 |  |  | 7,498 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 23,398 |  |  | 17,553 |  |  | 13,840 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 31,393 |
Trading securities – debt |  | 0 |  |  | 9,041 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 9,041 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 7,488 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 7,488 |
Other1 |  | 4 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 931 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 45 |
Total financial assets |  | $ | 305,954 |  |  | $ | 40,882 |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 347,746 |  |  | $ | 252,286 |  |  | $ | 45,097 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 297,383 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition-related future consideration liabilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,909 |  |  | 1,909 |
Other2 |  | 2,681 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 3,209 |  |  | 1,979 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,404 |
Total financial liabilities |  | $ | 2,681 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 2,630 |  |  | $ | 5,370 |  |  | $ | 1,979 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 4,313 |
1 | Amounts include structured trade finance loans held by Federated as well as futures contracts and/or foreign currency forward contracts held within certain consolidated sponsored investment companies.
2 | Amounts include investments sold short, foreign currency forward contracts and/or futures contracts held within certain consolidated sponsored investment companies, as well as certain liabilities attributable to structured trade finance loans held by Federated and Federated's interest rate Swap that expired on April 1, 2015.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Federated did not hold any nonfinancial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2015 or 2014. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include investments in money market funds and deposits with banks. Investments in Federated money market funds totaled $162.2 million and $107.6 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cash investments in money market funds are valued under the market approach through the use of quoted market prices in an active market, which is the NAV of the funds, and are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Available-for-sale equity securities Available-for-sale equity securities include investments in sponsored fluctuating-value mutual funds and are included in Investments—affiliates on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For investments in mutual funds that are publicly available, the securities are valued under the market approach through the use of quoted market prices available in an active market, which is the NAV of the funds, and are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. For certain investments in funds that are not publicly available but for which the NAV is calculated daily and for which there are no redemption restrictions, the securities are valued using NAV as a practical expedient and is classified as Level 2. There is no modeling or additional information needed to arrive at the fair values of any of these investments. Trading securities—equity Trading securities - equity primarily represent the equity securities held by consolidated sponsored investment companies (included in Investments—consolidated investment companies on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) as well as certain equity investments held in separate accounts for which Federated is the beneficiary (included in Investments—other on the Consolidated Balance Sheets). For publicly traded equity securities available in an active market, the fair value of these securities is classified as Level 1 when the fair value is based on unadjusted quoted market prices. In 2015, equity securities classified as Level 2 primarily relate to certain investments in funds that are not publicly available but for which the NAV is calculated daily and for which there are no redemption restrictions. These securities are valued using NAV as a practical expedient. There is no modeling or additional information needed to arrive at the fair values of any of these investments. In 2014, equity securities classified as Level 2 primarily related to the fair value of certain equity securities traded principally in foreign markets and held by consolidated investment companies. The fair value of these securities was determined by a third-party pricing service to account for changes to the fair value between the time the foreign market closes and the pricing time of the consolidated investment company. There were no material transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2015 or 2014. Trading securities—debt Trading securities - debt primarily represent domestic bonds held by consolidated sponsored investment companies. The fair value of these securities may include observable market data such as valuations provided by independent pricing services after considering factors such as the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions (Level 2). Acquisition-related future consideration liabilities From time to time, pursuant to purchase and sale agreements entered into in connection with certain business combinations, Federated may be required to make future consideration payments if certain contingencies are met. See Note (17) for additional information regarding the nature and timing of these payments. In connection with these arrangements entered into after January 1, 2009, Federated records a liability representing the estimated fair value of future consideration payments as of the acquisition date. The liability is subsequently re-measured at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. As of December 31, 2015, acquisition-related future consideration liabilities were recorded in Other current liabilities ($0.7 million) and Other long-term liabilities ($1.5 million) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management estimated the fair value of future consideration payments based primarily upon expected future cash flows using an income approach valuation methodology with unobservable market data inputs (Level 3). The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Federated's liability for future consideration payments related to these acquisitions for each year presented:
in thousands | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 6,489 |  |  | $ | 11,759 |
New acquisition adjustment1 | 2,090 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 330 |
Changes in fair value2 | 415 |  |  | (1,589 | ) |  | (941 | )
Contingent consideration payments | (2,253 | ) |  | (2,991 | ) |  | (4,659 | )
Ending balance | $ | 2,161 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 6,489 |
1 | Amounts include the preliminary fair value estimate of the contingent payment liability recorded in connection with new acquisitions or the revision thereof upon finalization of the valuation process related to initial purchase accounting.
2 | Amounts were included as Operating Expenses – Other on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(b) Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis Federated did not hold any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2015. (c) Fair Value Measurements of Other Financial Instruments The fair value of Federated's debt is estimated by management based upon expected future cash flows utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology under the income approach. The fair value of the liability is estimated using observable market data (Level 2) in estimating inputs including the discount rate. Based on this fair value estimate, the carrying value of debt appearing on the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=36462937&loc=d3e19207-110258 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 30 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14172-108612 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 28 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14064-108612 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13537-108611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13504-108611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13433-108611 + Details
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