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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair value accounting establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2 - Quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability and model-based valuation techniques (e.g. the Black-Scholes model) for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).
As required by accounting guidance, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables set forth the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring (at least annually) and nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands).
  
Fair value at December 31, 2023
  
Level 1 (1)
Level 2 (2) 
Level 3
Total 
Assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents
$492,393 $— $— $492,393 
Restricted cash
101 — — 101 
Marketable securities
28,351 — — 28,351 
Trade receivables from provisional sales, net
— 86,897 — 86,897 
Deferred consideration
 — — 21,213 21,213 
 $520,845 $86,897 $21,213 $628,955 
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration 
$— $— $29,648 $29,648 
  Option liability - EMX shares (3)
— 1,431 — 1,431 
$— $1,431 $29,648 $31,079 
  
Fair value at December 31, 2022
  
Level 1 (1)
Level 2 (2) 
Level 3
Total 
Assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents
$655,453 $— $— $655,453 
Restricted cash 33,653 — — 33,653 
Marketable securities
44,841 — — 44,841 
Trade receivables from provisional sales, net
— 49,897 — 49,897 
Deferred consideration
 — — 24,369 24,369 
$733,947 $49,897 $24,369 $808,213 
1)Marketable securities of publicly quoted companies, consisting of investments, are valued using a market approach based upon unadjusted quoted prices in an active market obtained from securities exchanges.
2)The Company’s provisional metal sales contracts, included in Trade and other receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are valued using inputs derived from observable market data, including quoted commodity forward prices. The inputs do not involve significant management judgment. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
3)The fair value of the option liability, which represents the option of the holder to acquire a EMX common share from SSR (refer to Note 3 for further information), was determined using the Black-Scholes model. The inputs to the Black-Scholes model included the EMX share price on the closing date of CAD $2.19 per share, exercise price of CAD $2.27 per Unit, one year maturity, one-year risk-free rate of 4.8%, and annualized volatility of 34.1%.
Deferred and contingent consideration are included in Level 3 as certain assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value are not based on observable market data. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances for financial instruments that are recognized at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) in the consolidated financial statements (in thousands):
  20232022
Deferred consideration assets:
Balance as of January 1$24,369 
$
22,610 
Receipt of deferred consideration
(473)— 
Revaluations (2,683) 1,759 
Balance as of December 31
$
21,213 
$
24,369 
The Company's deferred consideration assets primarily consist of the contingent payment associated with completion of certain project milestones related to the Yenipazar royalty included in the Royalty Portfolio sale (refer to Note 3 for further information). The fair value of the deferred consideration was estimated using the discounted cash flow method. The significant assumptions include estimates of timing of achievement of development milestones and a discount rate between 12.0% and 12.5% at December 31, 2023 and between 11.0% and 12.5% at December 31, 2022. Increases to the discount rate will cause a decrease in the estimated value of the deferred consideration.
  
2023
2022
Contingent consideration liabilities:
Balance as of January 1
$— 
$
— 
Assumption of contingent consideration
 28,600  — 
Revaluations
1,048 — 
Balance as of December 31
$
29,648 
$
— 
The Company's contingent consideration liabilities include the contingent consideration tied to completion of operational milestones and delineation of new reserves at the Hod Maden project (refer to Note 3 for further information). The fair value of the $30.0 million in milestone payments payable to Lidya Mines in accordance with an agreed upon schedule beginning at the start of construction and ending on the first anniversary of commercial production is $25.2 million at December 31, 2023. The fair value of the contingent consideration tied to completion of operational milestones was determined using a discounted cash flow model. The significant assumptions include estimates of timing of completion of milestones and a discount rate of 6.0% at December 31, 2023. The fair value of the $84.0 million payable to Lidya Mines upon the delineation of an additional 500,000 gold equivalent ounces of mineral reserves at the Hod Maden project in excess of the project's current mineral reserves and resources is $4.4 million at December 31, 2023. The fair value of the contingent consideration tied to delineation of new reserves was determined using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model. The significant assumptions include estimates of timing of delineation of new reserves, a 10.0% probability of delineation of new reserves and a discount rate of 6.0% at December 31, 2023.
Fair values of financial assets and liabilities not already measured at fair value 
The fair value of the 2019 Notes and Term Loan as compared to the carrying amounts were as follows: 
December 31,
20232022
Level 
Carrying amount 
Fair value
Carrying amount 
 
Fair value 
2019 Notes (1) 
1
$
227,516 
$
216,545 
$
226,510 
$
257,025 
Term Loan (2) 
2
— — 70,000 71,419 
Total borrowings  
$
227,516 
$
216,545 
$
296,510 
$
328,444 
(1)The fair value disclosed for the Company's 2019 Notes is included in Level 1 as the basis of valuation uses a quoted price in an active market.
(2)The fair value disclosed for the Company's Term Loan is included in Level 2 as the fair value is determined by an independent third-party pricing source. On September 22, 2023, the Term Loan was terminated upon full repayment.