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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense was allocated in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Cost of revenues$2,503 $2,179 
Operating expenses 
Sales and marketing2,423 2,032 
Research and development1,777 1,474 
General and administrative5,077 3,330 
$11,780 $9,015 
Stock-based compensation expense by grant type or plan was as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Stock options$490 $477 
PSUs3,926 2,699 
RSUs6,062 4,638 
RSAs & DSUs108 108 
ESPP589 574 
401(k) stock match605 519 
$11,780 $9,015 
Stock Option Activity
Our stock option activity was as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2023
Options (#) Weighted Average
Exercise Price
($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period562,697 $56.24 
Granted30,148 150.76 
Exercised(68,088)32.06 
Forfeited(1,916)123.49 
Outstanding, end of period522,841 $64.60 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Options Granted, Assumptions
The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $54.53 per share. This was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Life (in years)3.9
Volatility39.7 %
Dividend yield— 
Risk-free interest rate4.2 %
PSU, RSU, RSA, and DSU
Activity for our PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs in aggregate was as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2023
#Weighted Average Grant
Date Fair Value
($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period712,158 $103.93 
Granted304,635 163.06 
Vested and common stock issued(305,123)74.70 
Forfeited(3,798)112.93 
Outstanding, end of period707,872 $141.92 
Summary of ESPP Activity
Our ESPP activity was as follows:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands, except shares)20232022
Amounts for shares purchased$241 $147 
Shares purchased2,549 1,698 
Fair Value Estimation of Common Stock Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, Assumptions
The fair value was estimated based on the market price of our common stock at the beginning of the offering period using the following assumptions:
Life (in years)0.5
Volatility46.4 %
Dividend yield— 
Risk-free interest rate2.5 %