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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

11. Income Taxes

The determination of the annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pretax income in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate, and the development of tax planning strategies during the year. In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, our tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, we recognized discrete tax benefits related to equity-based compensation under ASU 2016-09 of $6.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, resulting in an effective tax rate of -2.9% and 25.3%, respectively. Excluding the impact of the discrete tax items noted above, our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was  27.5% as compared to 27.9% in the same prior-year period.