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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

11. Income Taxes

The determination of the annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pretax income in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate and the development of tax planning strategies during the year. In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, our tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 were 15.9% and 24.4%, respectively. During the three month period ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, we recognized a net discrete tax benefit of $2.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to equity-based compensation under ASU 2016-09.