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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| 1. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business Vertex, Inc. (“Vertex”) and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) operate as solutions providers of state, local, and value added tax calculation, compliance, and analytics, offering software products that are sold through software license and software as a service (“cloud”) subscriptions. The Company also provides implementation and training services in connection with its software license and cloud subscriptions, transaction tax returns outsourcing, and other tax-related services. The Company sells to customers located throughout the United States of America (“U.S.”) and internationally. Basis of Consolidation The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On August 30, 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of ecosio GmbH (“ecosio”). Upon its acquisition, ecosio became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and its operations have been included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements commencing on the acquisition date. Prior to June 5, 2024, the Company owned an 80% controlling equity interest in Systax Sistemas Fiscais LTDA (“Systax”), a provider of Brazilian transaction tax content and software. Systax was determined to be a variable interest entity and the accounts were included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Vertex did not have full decision-making authority over Systax; however, Vertex was the entity that most significantly participated in the variability of the fair value of Systax’s net assets and was considered the entity most closely associated to Systax. As such, Vertex was deemed the primary beneficiary of Systax and consolidated Systax into its condensed consolidated financial statements. On June 5, 2024, Vertex acquired the remaining 20% equity interest in Systax, resulting in Systax becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and is consolidated into the condensed consolidated financial statements. Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information and include the accounts of the Company. Certain information and disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Annual Report”) filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from audited financial statements included in the 2024 Annual Report. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025, the interim condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare the annual audited consolidated financial statements and include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items necessary for the fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements. The operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements include: (i) the estimated allowance for subscription cancellations; (ii) expected credit losses associated with the allowance for doubtful accounts; (iii) allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities; (iv) the reserve for self-insurance; (v) assumptions related to achievement of technological feasibility for software developed for sale; (vi) product life cycles; (vii) estimated useful lives and potential impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets, and capitalized cloud computing arrangement software implementation costs; (viii) potential impairment of goodwill; (ix) determination of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration transferred in acquisitions; (x) amortization period of deferred commissions; (xi) Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model (“Black-Scholes model”) input assumptions used to determine the fair value of certain stock-based compensation awards and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) purchase rights; (xii) measurement of future purchase commitment, fair value of contingent consideration liabilities related to cash and stock earn-out payments, contingent consideration and deferred purchase consideration liabilities associated with acquisitions; (xiii) measurements of long-term investment and warrant rights; and (xiv) the potential outcome of future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Actual results may differ from these estimates. ​ Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures Supplemental balance sheet disclosures are as follows for the respective periods: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | As of September 30, | ​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024
​ |  | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​
Prepaid expenses and other current assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Prepaid expenses | ​ | $ | 21,663 | ​ | $ | 15,223
Unamortized cloud computing implementation costs | ​ | ​ | 4,088 | ​ | ​ | 4,088
Prepaid insurance | ​ | ​ | 1,149 | ​ | ​ | 1,488
Prepaid licenses and support | ​ | ​ | 21,632 | ​ | ​ | 15,879
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ​ | $ | 48,532 | ​ | $ | 36,678
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other assets: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Unamortized cloud computing implementation costs | ​ | $ | 9,096 | ​ | $ | 10,173
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 4,036 | ​ | ​ | 3,900
Total other assets | ​ | $ | 13,132 | ​ | $ | 14,073
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accrued general expenses | ​ | $ | 15,294 | ​ | $ | 14,862
Accrued contract labor and professional fees | ​ | ​ | 18,307 | ​ | ​ | 15,152
Accrued income and other taxes | ​ | ​ | 6,187 | ​ | ​ | 5,155
Accrued expenses | ​ | $ | 39,788 | ​ | $ | 35,169
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ Cloud computing software implementation costs incurred in hosting arrangements are capitalized and included as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets, or other assets, once available for their intended use. These costs are amortized using the straight-line method over their respective contract service periods, including periods covered by an option to extend, ranging from two to five years. Amortization expense for capitalized cloud computing implementation costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $871 and $2,895, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $1,005 and $2,994, respectively, and are included in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. ​ Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software ​ On September 18, 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-06, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. ASU 2025-06 replaces the existing stage-based capitalization model with a principles-based approach. Under the new guidance, software development costs are capitalized only when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (ii) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform its intended function. The standard also consolidates guidance for website development costs from Subtopic 350-50 into Subtopic 350-40 and introduces enhanced disclosure requirements related to capitalized software costs. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal years. The standard can be adopted retrospectively, prospectively or on a modified prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period, provided that the financial statements for that period have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and will determine the appropriate transition method prior to adoption. Income Tax Disclosures ​ On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to disclose additional information in specified categories in the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. ASU 2023-09 also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold and eliminates certain existing disclosures. In addition to new disclosures associated with the rate reconciliation, the standard requires information pertaining to taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated for federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is continuing to assess the potential impacts of the standard, but does not expect this pronouncement to have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements, other than the required changes to the income tax disclosures. Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. Entities will be required to provide disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements for both interim and annual reporting periods. The standard does not change the expense captions that an entity presents on the face of the income statement. The standard will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Entities are required to adopt the standard prospectively; however, entities are permitted to apply the amendments retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is continuing to assess the potential impacts of the standard, but does not expect this pronouncement to have a material effect on its financial statements, other than the required changes to the disclosures.

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