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Accounts Receivable, Net | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract] |
Accounts Receivable, Net |
4. | Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations arising from the sale of products or services. Accounts receivable have normal trade terms less than one year and are initially stated at the amounts billed to the customers. Accounts receivable are subsequently measured at amortized cost net of allowance for credit loss. As part of its analysis for implementation of the CECL standard as of January 1, 2020, the Company reviewed historical loss rates, customer payment trends and collection rates on customer balances. Estimated loss rates were developed using historical credit loss experience, adjusted for future expectations using probability-weighted assumptions about potential outcomes. Receivables are written off against the allowance for credit loss when it is probable that amounts will not be collected based on terms of the customer contracts, and subsequent recoveries reverse the previous write-off and apply to the receivable in the period recovered. The Company periodically evaluates the adequacy of its allowance for expected credit losses by comparing its actual historical write-offs to its previously recorded estimates. The Company identified portfolio segments based on type of business, industry in which the customer operates and historical credit loss patterns. The following presents by portfolio segment Accounts receivable, net and the activity in the A llowance for credit loss for the six months ended June 30, 2020:
($ in thousands) |  | Commercial Services (Driver-billed) (1) |  |  | Commercial Services (All other) |  |  | Government Solutions |  |  | Total |
Accounts Receivable, Net at January 1, 2020 (2) |  | $ | 9,793 |  |  | $ | 51,158 |  |  | $ | 31,744 |  |  | $ | 92,695 |
Allowance for credit loss at January 1, 2020 (2) |  | $ | 5,272 |  |  | $ | 1,406 |  |  | $ | 1,778 |  |  | $ | 8,456 |
Credit loss expense |  |  | 2,744 |  |  |  | 6,256 |  |  |  | 1,723 |  |  |  | 10,723 |
Write-offs, net of recoveries |  |  | (5,449 | ) |  |  | (334 | ) |  |  | (466 | ) |  |  | (6,249 | )
Allowance for credit loss at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 2,567 |  |  | $ | 7,328 |  |  | $ | 3,035 |  |  | $ | 12,930 |
Accounts Receivable, Net at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 7,926 |  |  | $ | 48,934 |  |  | $ | 68,392 |  |  | $ | 125,252 |
| (1) | Driver-billed consists of receivables from drivers of rental cars and fleet management companies for which the Company bills on behalf of its customers. Receivables not collected from drivers within a defined number of days are transferred to customers subject to applicable bad debt sharing agreements.
| (2) | This includes a $0.8 million increase to Allowance for credit loss as a result of adopting the CECL standard.
The estimated credit loss expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 includes a specific provision of $3.5 million for accounts receivable due from one of our Commercial Services (All other) customers who filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Concentration of Credit Risk Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue and accounts receivable. Revenue from one of the Government Solutions customers as a percent of total revenue is presented below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively:
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
City of New York Department of Transportation |  |  | 40.5 | % |  |  | 12.4 | % |  |  | 31.6 | % |  |  | 10.4 | %
The City of New York Department of Transportation represents 42.2% of accounts receivable, net as of June 30, 2020. Significant customer revenue generated through the Company’s Commercial Services partners as a percent of total revenue is presented below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively:
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Hertz Corporation |  | (1) |  |  | 19.6 | % |  |  | 13.0 | % |  |  | 19.0 | %
Avis Budget Group, Inc. |  | (1) |  |  | 16.5 | % |  | (1) |  |  |  | 13.1 | %
Enterprise Holdings, Inc. |  | (1) |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | (1) |  |  |  | 13.7 | %
| (1) | Customer revenue for the period was below 10% of total revenue.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2196772 + Details
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