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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

12.

Income Taxes

Our interim income tax (benefit) provision is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that period. The estimated annual effective tax rate requires judgment and is dependent upon several factors. We provide for income taxes under the liability method. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.

We provide a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that these items will expire before we are able to realize their benefit. We calculate the valuation allowance in accordance with the authoritative guidance relating to income taxes, which requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence regarding the realizability of these deferred tax assets, when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.

In December 2019, COVID-19 emerged in China and has since spread throughout the world causing severe disruption to the global economy. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law. There were several income tax provisions and other non-tax matters incorporated into law as a result of the enactment of the CARES Act. The Company applied certain articles of the CARES Act in the interim income tax (benefit) provision, including the increased interest deduction allowed up to 50 percent of adjusted taxable income for tax years 2019 and 2020. In addition, the Company delayed the employer-side of the FICA payments until 2021. The Company will continue to assess other aspects of the CARES Act and will account for them accordingly, if applicable.

Our effective income tax rate was 20.7% and 32.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 8.5% and 32.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate change was primarily due to lower pre-tax income in the current year, resulting in the Company’s permanent book and tax differences having a proportionately greater impact on the effective tax rate in the current year.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $0.9 million during fiscal 2020 primarily from the statute expiration of prior year tax positions. As of June 30, 2020, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $0.8 million, of which $0.7 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized

tax benefits through income tax expense. As of June 30, 2020, we had less than $0.1 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties.

The Company is subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and taxing authorities in various states. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns remain subject to examination by tax authorities for the years 2016 to 2019. The Company’s state income tax returns are under examination by certain states for tax years 2015 to 2017, and other state income tax returns are subject to examination for tax years 2014 to 2019. Tax returns for years prior to 2014 remain open in a number of states due to tax attributes generated but not yet utilized. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional tax deficiencies in each of the tax jurisdictions and, accordingly, makes appropriate adjustments to the tax provision as deemed necessary.