<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001564590-18-015309.txt : 20180608
<SEC-HEADER>0001564590-18-015309.hdr.sgml : 20180608
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20180608161924
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001564590-18-015309
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		8
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20180608
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20180608
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20180608

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001466085
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798]
		IRS NUMBER:				264567130
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			MD
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-36041
		FILM NUMBER:		18889706

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 S. 16TH STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 3575
		CITY:			PHILADELPHIA
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			19102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		267-270-4800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 S. 16TH STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 3575
		CITY:			PHILADELPHIA
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			19102

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST, INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20110218

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20110211

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	EMPIRE AMERICAN REALTY TRUST INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20090610
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>irt-8k_20180608.htm
<DESCRIPTION>8-K
<TEXT>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="border-top:Double 3pt;padding-top:0pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;font-variant: normal;">UNITED STATES<br />SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<font style="font-weight:normal;"><br /></font><font style="text-transform:none;">Washington</font>, D.C. 20549</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">____________________</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;font-variant: normal;">FORM 8-K</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Current Report<br />Pursuant To Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):<font style="font-weight:bold;"> </font>June 8, 2018 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-variant: small-caps;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;">INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST, INC.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-36041</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">26-4567130</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:30.4%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Commission File Number)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(IRS Employer Identification Number)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Two Liberty Place</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">50 S. 16<sup style="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">th</sup> Street, Suite 3575</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Address of Principal Executive Offices)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(267) 270-4800</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area code)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Written communications pursuant to Rule&#160;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:9pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company&#160;as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.405) or Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.12b-2). </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:9pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Emerging growth company <font style="font-family:MS Mincho;">&#9744;</font> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:9pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act. <font style="font-family:MS Mincho;">&#9744;</font> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:9pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;border-top:Double 3pt;padding-top:0pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.69%;text-indent:-15.69%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12.5%;text-indent:-12.5%;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a><font style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 8.01&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Events.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Independence Realty Trust, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) previously commenced an &#8220;at the market&#8221; offering under which the Company may, through its sales agents, offer and sell over a period of time and from time to time shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $150 million (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;), as described in the Company&#8217;s prospectus supplement, dated November 13, 2017 (the &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;), to the prospectus, dated November 9, 2017, which forms part of the registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-218130) (the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to Rule 412 of Regulation C under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Company is filing the information included in Exhibit 99.1 (incorporated by reference herein) to this Current Report on Form 8-K for the purpose of replacing the disclosure under the heading &#8220;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&#8221; filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which forms part of the Registration Statement. Additionally, the disclosure under the heading &#8220;Legal Matters&#8221; that appears on page S-7 of the Prospectus Supplement is hereby restated and superseded in its entirety to read as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The legality of the securities to be offered hereby has been passed upon for us by Pepper Hamilton LLP. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the sales agents by Hogan Lovells US LLP.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12.5%;text-indent:-12.5%;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 9.01&nbsp;&nbsp;Financial Statements and Exhibits.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Exhibits.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit No.</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:12pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Description</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.1</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:82.06%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="irt-ex51_188.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP as to legality of the common shares</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8.1</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="irt-ex81_189.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP as to tax matters</font></a></p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:15.1%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.1</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:82.06%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="irt-ex51_188.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</font></a></p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:15.1%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.2</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:82.06%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="irt-ex81_189.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1)</font></a></p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:15.1%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.1</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:82.06%;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="irt-ex991_191.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:bold;">SIGNATURES</font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:8.33%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:50%;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST, INC.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Date: June 8, 2018 </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:50%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">By: <font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">/s/ James J. Sebra</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:50%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;James J. Sebra</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:58.33%;text-indent:-8.33%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:58.33%;text-indent:-8.33%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:58.33%;text-indent:-57.29%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>irt-ex51_188.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
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<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3000 Two Logan Square</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Eighteenth and Arch Streets</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Philadelphia, PA&nbsp;&nbsp;19103-2799</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">215.981.4000</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fax 215.981.4750</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit 5.1</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 8, 2018</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Two Liberty Place</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">50 S. 16<sup style="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">th</sup> Street, Suite 3575</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Re:</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registration Statement on Form S-3 </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We have acted as counsel to Independence Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Company</font>&#8221;), in connection with the offer and sale of up to $150,000,000 of the Company&#8217;s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (&#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Common Stock</font>&#8221;), covered by the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form S&#8209;3 (Registration No. 333-218130) (as the same may be amended and supplemented, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registration Statement</font>&#8221;) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;).&nbsp;&nbsp;The Common Stock will be sold pursuant to the At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2017, among the Company, Independence Realty Operating Partnership, L.P. (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Operating Partnership</font>&#8221;), Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Robert W. Baird &amp; Co. Incorporated, Capital One Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner &amp; Smith Incorporated and Stifel, Nicolaus &amp; Company, Incorporated (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement</font>&#8221;).</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In connection with our representation of the Company, and as a basis for the opinions hereinafter set forth, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Documents</font>&#8221;):</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>The Registration Statement, including the Prospectus dated November 9, 2017 therein (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Prospectus</font>&#8221;) and the Prospectus Supplement, dated November 13, 2017, related to the offer and sale of the Common Stock (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Prospectus Supplement</font>&#8221;);</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>The Articles of Restatement for the Company, as amended and supplemented through the date hereof (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Articles of Restatement</font>&#8221;), certified as of a recent date by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">SDAT</font>&#8221;);</p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="padding-left:8.65pt;padding-Right:5.75pt; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Philadelphia</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Boston</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Washington, D.C.</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Los Angeles</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">New York</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pittsburgh</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Detroit</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Berwyn</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.75pt;padding-Right:5.75pt;padding-Top:3.6pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Harrisburg</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Orange County</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Princeton</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Silicon Valley</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.75pt;padding-Right:1.45pt;padding-Top:3.6pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Wilmington</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />www.pepperlaw.com</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="g201806081936479103122.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:152px;height:28px;"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Independence Realty Trust, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Page 2</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 8, 2018</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a><font style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.</font><font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font><font style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended through the date hereof;</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>A certificate of the SDAT as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent date;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>Resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company, or a duly authorized committee thereof, relating to the offer and sale of the Common Stock (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Resolutions</font>&#8221;), certified by an officer of the Company as being complete, accurate and in effect;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>The At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>Such other documents, records, instruments, and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In expressing the opinion set forth below, we have assumed the following:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>Each individual executing any of the Documents is legally competent to do so.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>Each individual executing any of the Documents on behalf of a party (other than the Company and the Operating Partnership) is duly authorized to do so.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>All Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic.&nbsp;&nbsp;The form and content of all Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not differ in any respect relevant to this opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered.&nbsp;&nbsp;All Documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents.&nbsp;&nbsp;All signatures on all Documents are genuine.&nbsp;&nbsp;All public records reviewed or relied upon by us or on our behalf are true and complete.&nbsp;&nbsp;All statements and information contained in the Documents are true and complete.&nbsp;&nbsp;There has been no oral or written modification of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of the Documents, by action or conduct of the parties or otherwise.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>The Common Stock will not be issued or transferred in violation of any restriction on ownership and transfer set forth in Article IV of the Articles of Restatement or other organizational document of the Company.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.<font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font>A sufficient number of authorized but unissued Common Stock will be available for issuance when the Common Stock is issued and sold under the At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="g201806081936479103122.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:152px;height:28px;"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Independence Realty Trust, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Page 3</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 8, 2018</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU3"></a><font style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.</font><font style="margin-left:72pt;"></font><font style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Prior to the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock under the At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement</font><font style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">, the ATM Offering Committee (as defined in the Resolutions) will determine the price and certain other terms of issuance of such shares in accordance with the Resolutions (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Corporate Proceedings</font><font style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8221;).</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Subject to the foregoing, it is our opinion that as of the date hereof:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>The Company is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good standing with the SDAT.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>The issuance of the Common Stock offered under the Prospectus Supplement on and after June 8, 2018 has been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and, when and if issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor in accordance with the Resolutions, the Corporate Proceedings and the At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement, the Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The foregoing opinion is limited to the substantive laws of the State of Maryland and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law.&nbsp;&nbsp;We express no opinion as to compliance with any federal or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Maryland, or as to federal or state laws regarding fraudulent transfers.&nbsp;&nbsp;We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">No opinion is rendered as to matters not specifically referred to herein and under no circumstances are you to infer from anything stated or not stated herein any opinion with respect to which such reference is not made.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:9pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">This opinion is being furnished to you for your submission to the Commission as an exhibit to a current report on Form 8-K (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">8-K</font>&#8221;), to be filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the 8-K and to the use of the name of our firm therein and under the section &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Legal Matters</font>&#8221; in the Registration Statement, Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act. </p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="g201806081937118773548.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:194px;height:34px;"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3000 Two Logan Square</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Eighteenth and Arch Streets</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Philadelphia, PA&nbsp;&nbsp;19103-2799</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">215.981.4000</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fax 215.981.4750</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit 8.1</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:53.85%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 8, 2018</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Independence Realty Trust, Inc. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Two Liberty Place</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">50 S. 16<sup style="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">th</sup> Street. Suite 3575<br />Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We have acted as counsel to Independence Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), in connection with its offer and sale from time to time of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $150,000,000 pursuant to pursuant to that certain At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement dated August 4, 2017 (the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;) by and among the Company, Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, Robert W. Baird &amp; Co. Incorporated, Capital One Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner &amp; Smith Incorporated, and Stifel, Nicolaus &amp; Company, Incorporated, each a sales agent, as more fully described in the Company&#8217;s prospectus supplement dated November 13, 2017 (the &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;) to the prospectus dated November 9, 2017 (the &#8220;Prospectus&#8221;) included in the registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-218130) (together with all pre- and post-effective amendments thereto to date, the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;).&nbsp;&nbsp;All capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the Registration Statement.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The opinions expressed herein are based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;), Treasury regulations thereunder (including proposed and temporary Treasury regulations) and interpretations of the foregoing as expressed in court decisions, legislative history and administrative determinations of the Internal Revenue Service (the &#8220;IRS&#8221;) (including its practices and policies in issuing private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS, except with respect to a taxpayer that receives such a ruling), all as of the date hereof.&nbsp;&nbsp;This opinion represents our best legal judgment with respect to the probable outcome on the merits and is not binding on the IRS or the courts.&nbsp;&nbsp;There can be no assurance that positions contrary to our opinion will not be taken by the IRS, or that a court considering the issues would not reach a conclusion contrary to such opinions.&nbsp;&nbsp;No assurance can be given that future legislative, judicial or administrative changes, on either a prospective or retroactive basis, would not adversely affect the opinions expressed herein.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a>In rendering the opinions expressed herein, we have examined such statutes, regulations, records, certificates and other documents as we have considered necessary or appropriate as a basis for such opinions, including but not limited to the Registration Statement </p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Philadelphia</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Washington, D.C.</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Los Angeles</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">New York</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Detroit</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Berwyn</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Harrisburg</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Orange County</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Princeton</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Silicon Valley</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Wilmington</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:7pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />www.pepperlaw.com</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="g201806081937118903548.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:152px;height:28px;"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Independence Realty Trust, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Page 2</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 8, 2018</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(including the Prospectus and Prospectu</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">s Supplement) and the discussion under the caption &#8220;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&#8221; contained in Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof and i</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">s incorporated by reference into the Prospectus Supplement (the &#8220;Tax Disclosure&#8221;).</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In rendering the opinions expressed herein, we have relied upon written representations as to factual matters of the Company contained in a letter to us dated June 8, 2018 regarding its consolidated assets, operations and activities (the &#8220;Management Representation Letter&#8221;).&nbsp;&nbsp;We have not made an independent investigation or audit of the facts set forth in the Management Representation Letter or in any other document.&nbsp;&nbsp;We consequently have relied upon the accuracy of the representations as to factual matters in the Management Representation Letter.&nbsp;&nbsp;After inquiry, we are not aware of any facts or circumstances contrary to, or inconsistent with, the representations that we have relied upon or the other assumptions set forth herein.&nbsp;&nbsp;Our opinion is limited to the tax matters specifically covered herein, and we have not addressed, nor have we been asked to address, any other tax matters relevant to the Company, the Operating Partnership or any other person.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We have assumed, with your consent, that, insofar as relevant to the opinions expressed herein: </p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(1)</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">the Company has been and will be operated in the manner described in the Management Representation Letter and the Registration Statement (including in the documents incorporated therein by reference); </p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(2)</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">all of the obligations imposed by the documents that we reviewed have been and will continue to be performed or satisfied in accordance with their terms; and all of such documents have been properly executed, are valid originals or authentic copies of valid originals, and all signatures thereon are genuine;</p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(3)</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">all representations made in the Management Representation Letter (and other factual information provided to us) are true, correct and complete and will continue to be true, correct and complete, and any representation or statement made in the Management Representation Letter &#8220;to the best of knowledge,&#8221; &#8220;to the knowledge&#8221; or &#8220;to the actual knowledge&#8221; of any person(s) or party(ies) or similarly qualified is true, correct and complete as if made without such qualification; and</p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(4)</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">all documents that we have reviewed have been properly executed, are valid originals or authentic copies of valid originals, and all signatures thereon are genuine. </p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Based upon, and subject to, the foregoing and the discussion below, we are of the opinion that:</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:3pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="g201806081937118903548.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:152px;height:28px;"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Independence Realty Trust, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Page 3</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 8, 2018</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU3"></a><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1.</font><font style="margin-left:36pt;">Commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2011, the Company has, since the effective date of its REIT election, been organized and </font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">operated in a manner so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and the Company&#8217;s current and intended method of operation will enable it to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.<font style="margin-left:36pt;">The Tax Disclosure, to the extent that it describes pro</font>visions of federal income tax law and regulations or legal conclusions with respect thereto, is correct in all material respects.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in our opinion subsequent to the date of this letter.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company&#8217;s qualification for taxation as a REIT depends upon the Company&#8217;s ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating and other results, the requirements of the Code, including the requirements with regard to the sources of its gross income, the composition of its assets, the level of its distributions to shareholders and the diversity of its share ownership.&nbsp;&nbsp;We will not review the Company&#8217;s compliance with these requirements on a continuing basis.&nbsp;&nbsp;Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of the Company&#8217;s operations, the sources of its income, the nature of its assets, the level of its distributions to shareholders and the diversity of its share ownership for any given taxable year will satisfy the requirements under the Code for qualification and taxation as a REIT.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:15.38%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">This opinion letter has been prepared for your use in connection with the Prospectus Supplement, including submission to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to a current report filed on Form 8-K (the &#8220;Form 8-K&#8221;), to be filed by Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof, and speaks as of the date hereof. We do not purport to express any opinion herein concerning any law other than the federal income tax law of the United States. We consent to the filing of this legal opinion as an exhibit to the Form 8-K and to the use of the name of our firm therein and under the section &#8220;Legal Matters&#8221; in the Registration Statement, including the prospectus and Prospectus Supplement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Very truly yours,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;"><a name="Verdatum"></a>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Pepper Hamilton LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">PEPPER HAMILTON LLP</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />Exhibit 99.1</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The following discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax considerations associated with the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock, as well as the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws to maintain REIT status, and the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of maintaining REIT status. This discussion is based upon the laws, regulations, and reported judicial and administrative rulings and decisions in effect as of the date of the filing of this exhibit with the Securities and Exchange Commission, all of which are subject to change, retroactively or prospectively, and to possibly differing interpretations. This discussion does not purport to deal with the U.S. federal income and other tax consequences applicable to all investors in light of their particular investment or other circumstances, or to all categories of investors, some of whom may be subject to special rules (for example, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, partnerships, trusts, financial institutions and broker-dealers). No ruling on the U.S. federal, state, or local tax considerations relevant to our operation or to the purchase, ownership or disposition of our shares, has been requested from the IRS, or other tax authority. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors in order to determine the U.S. federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock, the tax treatment of a REIT and the effect of potential changes in the applicable tax laws.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Beginning with our taxable year ended December&#160;31, 2011, we elected to be taxed as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder and receive the beneficial U.S. federal income tax treatment described below, and we intend to continue operating as a REIT so long as REIT status remains advantageous. We cannot assure you that we will continue to meet the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws, which are highly technical and complex.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In brief, a corporation that invests primarily in real estate can, if it complies with the provisions in Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, qualify as a REIT and claim U.S. federal income tax deductions for the dividends it pays to its stockholders. Such a corporation generally is not taxed on its REIT taxable income to the extent such income is currently distributed to stockholders, thereby completely or substantially eliminating the &#8220;double taxation&#8221; that a corporation and its stockholders generally bear together. However, as discussed in greater detail below, a corporation could be subject to U.S. federal income tax in some circumstances even if it qualifies as a REIT and would likely suffer adverse consequences, including reduced cash available for distribution to its stockholders, if it failed to qualify as a REIT.</p>
<p style="margin-top:13pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">General</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In any year in which we qualify as a REIT and have a valid REIT election in place, we will claim deductions for the dividends we pay to the stockholders, and therefore will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of our REIT taxable income or capital gain which is currently distributed to our stockholders. We will, however, be subject to U.S. federal income tax at normal corporate rates on any REIT taxable income or capital gain not distributed.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Even though we qualify as a REIT, we nonetheless are subject to U.S. federal tax in the following circumstances:</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We are taxed at regular corporate rates on any REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains that we do not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified period after, the calendar year in which we recognized such income. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would include its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) in its income, would be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for its proportionate share of the tax deemed to have been paid, and an adjustment would be made to increase the stockholder&#8217;s basis in our common stock.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We may be subject to the alternative minimum tax, for tax years beginning before January 1, 2018.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a>&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we have net income from prohibited transactions, such income will be subject to a 100% tax. &#8220;Prohibited transactions&#8221; are, in general, sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, rather than for investment, other than foreclosure property.</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:1.34%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we have net income from the sale or disposition of &#8220;foreclosure property,&#8221; as described below, that is held primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to corporate tax on such income at the highest applicable rate (currently 21%).</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:1.34%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage113"></a>&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:3.46%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:95.2%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we fail to satisfy the 75% Gross Income Test or the 95% Gross Income Test, as discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount equal to (1)&#160;the greater of (a)&#160;the amount by which we fail the 75% Gross Income Test or (b)&#160;the amount by which we fail the 95% Gross Income Test, as the case may be, multiplied by (2)&#160;a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. &#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we fail to satisfy any of the REIT Asset Tests, as described below, other than certain de minimis failures, but our failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 21% of the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the Asset Tests.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we fail to satisfy any other REIT qualification requirements (other than a Gross Income or Asset Tests) and that violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we may retain our REIT qualification, but we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;<font style="font-size:10pt;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (2)&#160;95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year and (3)&#160;any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a)&#160;the amounts actually distributed (taking into account excess distributions from prior years), plus (b)&#160;retained amounts on which federal income tax is paid at the corporate level.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of our stockholders.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">A 100% tax may be imposed on some items of income and expense that are directly or constructively paid between us, our lessor or a TRS (as described below) if and to the extent that the IRS successfully adjusts the reported amounts of these items.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we acquire appreciated assets from a C corporation (i.e., a corporation generally subject to corporate income tax) in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis of the assets in our hands is determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the C corporation, we may be subject to tax on such appreciation at the highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if we subsequently recognize gain on a disposition of such assets during the five-year period following their acquisition from the C corporation. The results described in this paragraph would not apply if the non-REIT corporation elects, in lieu of this treatment, to be subject to an immediate tax when the asset is acquired by us.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.08%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We may have subsidiaries or own interests in other lower-tier entities that are C corporations, such as TRSs, the earnings of which would be subject to federal corporate income tax.</p></td>
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</table></div>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes other than U.S. federal income tax, including payroll taxes and state, local, and non-U.S. income, franchise property and other taxes on assets and operation. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.</p>
<p style="margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">REIT Qualification Tests</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:</p>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:1.34%;">
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">that elects to be taxed as a REIT;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:3.52%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its status as a REIT;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">that meets the gross income, asset and annual distribution requirements;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU3"></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU3"></a>the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons on at least 335 days in each full taxable year,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">proportionately adjusted for a partial taxable year; and</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU4"></a>&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">generally in which, at any time during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals or entities treated as individuals for this purpose.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The first six conditions must be met during each taxable year for which REIT status is sought, while the last two conditions do not have to be met until after the first taxable year for which a REIT election is made.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage114"></a>&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Share Ownership Tests. Our common stock and any other stock we issue must be held by a minimum of 100 persons (determined without attribution to the owners of any entity owning our stock) for at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for partial taxable years. In addition, at all times during the second half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (determined with attribution to the owners of any entity owning our stock). However, these two requirements do not apply until after the first taxable year for which we elect REIT status.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Our charter contains certain provisions intended to enable us to meet these requirements. First, it contains provisions restricting the transfer of our stock which would result in any person beneficially owning or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of any class or series of our outstanding capital stock, including our common stock, subject to certain exceptions. Our board of directors has granted such an exception for IRT and its subsidiaries to own, in the aggregate, up to 100% of our outstanding common stock. See &#8220;Description of Stock-Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.&#8221; Additionally, the terms of the options that may be granted to the independent directors will contain provisions that prevent them from causing a violation of these tests. Our charter also contains provisions requiring each holder of our shares to disclose, upon demand, constructive or beneficial ownership of shares as deemed necessary to comply with the requirements of the Code. Furthermore, stockholders failing or refusing to comply with our disclosure request will be required, under regulations of the Code, to submit a statement of such information to the IRS at the time of filing their annual income tax return for the year in which the request was made.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Subsidiary Entities. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation that is wholly owned by a REIT and is not a TRS. For purposes of the Asset and Gross Income Tests described below, all assets, liabilities and tax attributes of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as belonging to the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to U.S. federal income tax, but may be subject to state or local tax. Although we expect to hold all of our investments through our operating partnership, we may hold investments through qualified REIT subsidiaries. A TRS is described under &#8220;Asset Tests&#8221; below. A partnership is not subject to U.S. federal income tax and instead allocates its tax attributes to its partners. The partners are subject to U.S. federal income tax on their allocable share of the income and gain, without regard to whether they receive distributions from the partnership. Each partner&#8217;s share of a partnership&#8217;s tax attributes is determined in accordance with the partnership agreement. For purposes of the Asset and Gross Income Tests, we will be deemed to own a proportionate share of the assets of our operating partnership, and we will be allocated a proportionate share of each item of gross income of our operating partnership.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Asset Tests. At the close of each calendar quarter of each taxable year, we must satisfy a series of tests based on the composition of our assets. After initially meeting the Asset Tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the Asset Tests at the end of a later quarter solely due to changes in value of our assets. In addition, if the failure to satisfy the Asset Tests results from an acquisition during a quarter, the failure can be cured by disposing of non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with these tests and will act within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU5"></a><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU4"></a>At least 75% of the value of our assets must be represented by &#8220;real estate assets,&#8221; cash, cash items (including receivables) and government securities. Real estate assets include (i)&#160;real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property (including mortgages secured by both real and personal property if the value of such property does not exceed 15% of the total property securing the loan)), (ii)&#160;shares in other qualifying REITs and debt instruments issued by publicly-traded REITS (not to exceed 25% of our assets unless secured by interests in real property) and (iii) personal property leased in connection with real property to the extent that rents attributable to such personal property are treated as &#8220;rents from real property&#8221;; and (iv)&#160;any stock or </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">debt instrument (not otherwise a real estate asset) attributable to the temporary investment of &#8220;new capital,&#8221; but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we receiv</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ed the new capital. Property will qualify as being attributable to the temporary investment of new capital if the money used to purchase the stock or debt instrument is received by us in exchange for our stock or in a public offering of debt obligations th</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">at have a maturity of at least five years.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If we invest in any securities that do not qualify under the 75% test, such securities may not exceed either: (i)&#160;5% of the value of our assets as to any one issuer; or (ii)&#160;10% of the outstanding securities by vote or value of any one issuer. A partnership interest held by a REIT is not considered a &#8220;security&#8221; for purposes of these tests; instead, the REIT is treated as owning directly its proportionate share of the partnership&#8217;s assets. For purposes of the 10% value test, a REIT&#8217;s proportionate share is based on its proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by a partnership. For all of the other Asset Tests, a REIT&#8217;s proportionate share is based on its proportionate interest in the capital of the partnership. In addition, as discussed above, the stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary is not counted for purposes of the Asset Tests.</p>
<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% value test described above. Such securities include instruments that constitute &#8220;straight debt.&#8221; A security does not qualify as &#8220;straight debt&#8221; where a REIT (or a controlled TRS of the REIT) owns other securities of the issuer of that security which do not qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other securities constitute, in the aggregate, 1% or less of the total value of that issuer&#8217;s outstanding securities. In addition to straight debt, the following securities will not violate the 10% value test:</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(1)&#160;any loan made to an individual or an estate,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage115"></a>&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(2) certain rental agreements in which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT),</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(3)&#160;any obligation to pay rents from real property,</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(4) securities issued by governmental entities that are not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental entity,</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(5) any security issued by another REIT, and</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(6)&#160;any debt instrument issued by a partnership if the partnership&#8217;s income is such that the partnership would satisfy the 75% Gross Income Test described below. In applying the 10% value test, a debt security issued by a partnership is not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REIT&#8217;s proportionate interest in that partnership. Any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or another excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership if at least 75% of the partnership&#8217;s gross income is derived from sources that would qualify for the 75% Gross Income Test, and any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or another excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership to the extent of the REIT&#8217;s interest as a partner in the partnership.</p>
<p style="margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">A REIT may own the stock of a TRS. A TRS is a corporation (other than another REIT) that is owned in whole or in part by a REIT, and joins in an election with the REIT to be classified as a TRS. A corporation that is 35% owned by a TRS will also be treated as a TRS. Securities of a TRS are excepted from the 5% and 10% vote and value limitations on a REIT&#8217;s ownership of securities of a single issuer. However, no more than 25% (20% for years beginning after December 31, 2017) of the value of a REIT&#8217;s assets may be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. We have one TRS, which was inactive during 2017. If we do have an active TRS or form other TRSs in the future, we will be subject to a 100% excise tax on income from certain transactions with a TRS that are not on an arm&#8217;s-length basis.</p>
<p style="margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">A REIT is able to cure certain asset test violations. As noted above, a REIT cannot own securities of any one issuer representing more than 5% of the total value of the REIT&#8217;s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding securities, by vote or value, of any one issuer. However, a REIT would not lose its REIT status for failing to satisfy these 5% or 10% Asset Tests in a quarter if the failure is due to the ownership of assets the total value of which does not exceed the lesser of (i)&#160;1% of the total value of the REIT&#8217;s assets at the end of the quarter for which the measurement is done, or (ii)&#160;$10 million; provided in either case that the REIT either disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the REIT identifies the failure (or such other time period prescribed by the Treasury), or otherwise meets the requirements of those rules by the end of that period.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU5"></a><font style="color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU6"></a>If a REIT fails to meet any of the Asset Tests for a quarter and the failure exceeds the de minimis threshold described above, then the REIT still would be deemed to have satisfied the requirements if (i)&#160;following the REIT&#8217;s identification of&#160;the failure, the REIT files a schedule with a description of each asset that caused the failure, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury; (ii)&#160;the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (iii)&#160;the REIT disposes of&#160;the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the identification occurred or such other time period as is prescribed by the Treasury (or the requirements of the rules are otherwise met within that period); and (iv)&#160;the REIT pays&#160;a tax on the failure equal to the greater of (1)&#160;$50,000, or (2)&#160;an amount determined (under regulations) by multiplying (x)&#160;the highest rate of tax for corporations under Section&#160;11 of the Code, by (y)&#160;the net income generated by the assets for the period&#160;beginning on the first date of the failure and ending on the date the REIT has disposed of the assets (or otherwise satisfies the requirements).</p>
<p style="margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We believe that our holdings of securities and other assets comply with the foregoing Asset Tests, and we intend to monitor compliance with such tests on an ongoing basis. The values of some of our assets, however, may not be precisely valued, and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT Asset Tests. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our assets do not meet the requirements of the Asset Tests.</p>
<p style="margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Gross Income Tests. For each calendar year, we must satisfy two separate tests based on the composition of our gross income, as defined under our method of accounting.</p>
<p style="margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The 75% Gross Income Test. At least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions as discussed below under &#8220;-Hedging Transactions&#8221; and cancellation of indebtedness income) must result from (i)&#160;rents from real property,</p>
<p style="margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage116"></a>(ii) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, (iii)&#160;gains from the sale or other disposition of real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) other than property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business, (iv)&#160;dividends from other qualifying REITs and gain (other than gain from prohibited transactions) from the sale of shares of other qualifying REITs, (v)&#160;other specified investments relating to real property or mortgages thereon, and (vi)&#160;income attributable to stock or a debt investment that is attributable to a temporary investment of new capital (as described under the 75% Asset Test above) received or earned during the one-year period beginning on the date we receive such new capital. In the case of real estate mortgage loans secured by both real and personal property, if the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all property securing the loan, then the personal property securing the loan will be treated as real property for purposes of determining whether the mortgage is qualifying under the 75% asset test and interest income that qualifies for purposes of the 75% gross income test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in real properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Income attributable to a lease of real property will generally qualify as &#8220;rents from real property&#8221; under the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test described below), subject to the rules discussed below:</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rent from a particular tenant will not qualify if we, or an owner of 10% or more of our stock, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the voting stock or the total number of shares of all classes of stock in, or 10% or more of the assets or net profits of, the tenant (subject to certain exceptions). The portion of rent attributable to personal property rented in connection with real property will not qualify, unless the portion attributable to personal property is 15% or less of the total rent received under, or in connection with, the lease.</p>
<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Generally, rent will not qualify if it is based in whole, or in part, on the income or profits of any person from the underlying property. However, rent will not fail to qualify if it is based on a fixed percentage (or designated varying percentages) of receipts or sales, including amounts above a base amount so long as the base amount is fixed at the time the lease is entered into, the provisions are in accordance with normal business practice and the arrangement is not an indirect method for basing rent on income or profits.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU7"></a><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU6"></a><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rental income will not qualify if we furnish or render services to tenants or manage or operate the un</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">derlying property, other than through a permissible &#8220;independent contractor&#8221; from whom we derive no revenue, or through a TRS. This requirement, however,&#160;does not apply to the extent that the services, management or operations we provide are &#8220;usually or cu</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">stomarily rendered&#8221; in connection with the rental of space, and are not otherwise considered &#8220;rendered to the occupant.&#8221; With respect to this rule, tenants will receive some services in connection with their leases of the real properties. Our intention is </font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">that the services to be provided are those usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space, and therefore, providing these services&#160;will not cause the rents received with respect to the properties to fail to qualify as rents from rea</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">l property for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test described below). The board of directors intends to hire qualifying independent contractors or to utilize TRSs to render services which it believes, after consultation with</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> our tax advisors, are not usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In addition, we have represented that, with respect to our leasing activities, we will not (i)&#160;charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person (except by reason of being based on a percentage of receipts or sales, as described above) (ii)&#160;charge rent that will be attributable to personal property in an amount greater than 15% of the total rent received under the applicable lease, or (iii)&#160;enter into any lease with a related party tenant.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amounts received as rent from a TRS are not excluded from rents from real property by reason of the related party rules described above, if the activities of the TRS and the nature of the properties it leases meet certain requirements. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, a 100% excise tax is imposed on transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the REIT&#8217;s tenants whose terms are not on an arms&#8217; length basis.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">It is possible that we will be paid interest on loans secured by real property. All interest income qualifies under the 95% Gross Income Test, and interest on loans secured by real property qualifies under the 75% Gross Income Test, provided in both cases, that the interest does not depend, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person (other than amounts based on a fixed percentage of receipts or sales). If a loan is secured by both real property and other property, all the interest on it will nevertheless qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test if the amount of the loan does not exceed the fair market value of the real property at the time we commit to make or acquire the loan. We expect that all of our loans secured by real property will be structured this way. Therefore, income generated through any investments in loans secured by real property should be treated as qualifying income under the 75% Gross Income Test.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The 95% Gross Income Test. In addition to deriving 75% of our gross income from the sources listed above, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions as discussed below under &#8220;-Hedging Transactions&#8221; and cancellation of indebtedness income) for the taxable year must be derived from (i)&#160;sources which satisfy the 75% Gross Income Test, (ii)&#160;dividends, (iii)&#160;interest, or (iv)&#160;gain from the sale or disposition of stock or other securities that are not assets held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to satisfy the 95% Gross Income Test.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Our share of income from the properties will primarily give rise to rental income and gains on sales of the properties, substantially all of which will generally qualify under the 75% Gross Income and 95% Gross Income Tests. Our anticipated operations indicate that it is likely that we will have little or no non-qualifying income.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage117"></a>&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">As described above, we may establish one or more TRSs. The gross income generated by these TRSs would not be included in our gross income. Any dividends from TRSs to us would be included in our gross income and qualify for the 95% Gross Income Test.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU7"></a>If we fail to satisfy either the 75% Gross Income or 95% Gross Income Tests for any taxable year, we may retain our status as a REIT for such year if: (i)&#160;the failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, (ii)&#160;we attach to our return a schedule describing the nature and amount of each item of our gross income, and (iii) any incorrect information on such schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade U.S. federal income tax. If this relief provision is available, we would remain subject to tax equal to the greater of the amount by which we failed </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the 75% Gross Income T</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">est or the 95% Gross Income Test, as applicable, multiplied by a fraction meant to reflect our profitability.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU8"></a>Annual Distribution Requirements. We are required&#160;to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to the excess of: (i)&#160;the sum of: (a)&#160;90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by&#160;excluding any net capital gain); and (b)&#160;90% of the net income (after tax) from foreclosure property; less (ii)&#160;the sum of some types of items of non-cash income. Whether sufficient amounts have been distributed is based on amounts paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we: (1)&#160;declared a dividend before the due date of our tax return (including extensions); (2)&#160;distribute the dividend within the 12-month period following the close of the taxable year (and not later than the date of the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration); and (3)&#160;file an election with our tax return. Additionally, dividends that we declare in October, November or December in a given year payable to stockholders of record in any such month will be treated as having been paid on December&#160;31 of that year so long as the dividends are actually paid during January of the following year. If we fail to meet the annual distribution requirements as a result of an adjustment to our U.S. federal income tax return by the IRS, or under certain other circumstances, we may cure the failure by paying a &#8220;deficiency dividend&#8221; (plus penalties and interest to the IRS) within a specified period.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the &#8220;TCJA&#8221;) may affect the amount of our REIT taxable income for 2018 and subsequent taxable years.&#160;&#160;The TCJA restricts the deductibility of interest expense by businesses (generally, to 30% of the business&#8217; adjusted taxable income) except, among others, real property businesses electing out of such restrictions; generally we expect our business to qualify as such a real property business, but businesses conducted by our taxable REIT subsidiaries may not qualify and we have not yet determined whether we will make such an election.&#160;&#160;If we do make such an election, the TCJA requires the use of the less favorable alternative depreciation system to depreciate real property.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We intend to pay sufficient dividends each year to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings; however, it may not always be possible to do so. It is possible that we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the annual distribution requirements due to tax accounting rules and other timing differences. We will closely monitor the relationship between our REIT taxable income and cash flow and, if necessary to comply with the annual distribution requirements, will borrow funds to fully provide the necessary cash flow.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Failure to Qualify. If we fail to qualify, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as a REIT in any taxable year, we may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met, we will not be able to deduct our dividends and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, thereby reducing cash available for distributions. In such event, all distributions to stockholders (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) will be taxable as dividends. This &#8220;double taxation&#8221; results from our failure to qualify as a REIT. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will not be eligible to elect REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Prohibited Transactions. As discussed above, we will be subject to a 100% U.S. federal income tax on any net income derived from &#8220;prohibited transactions.&#8221; Net income derived from prohibited transactions arises from the sale or exchange of property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business which is not foreclosure property. There is an exception to this rule for the sale of real property that:</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">has been held for at least two years;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">has aggregate expenditures which are includable in the basis of the property not in excess of 30% of the net selling price;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">in some cases, was held for production of rental income for at least two years;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:95.14%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU8"></a>in some cases, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures were made through an </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">independent contractor; and</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU9"></a>&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:3.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8226;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:95.32%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">when combined with other sales in the year, either does not cause the REIT to have made more than seven sales of property during the taxable year, or occurs in a year when the REIT disposes of less than 10% of its assets (measured by U.S. federal income tax basis or fair market value, and ignoring involuntary dispositions and sales of foreclosure property).</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU9"></a>Two supplemental alternative requirements are available to REITs seeking to satisfy the safe&#160;harbor. First (i) the aggregate adjusted tax bases of all such property sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 20% of the aggregate tax bases of all property of the REIT at the beginning of the year and (ii) the average annual percentage of properties sold by the REIT compared to all the REIT&#8217;s properties (measured by adjusted tax bases) in the current and two prior years did not exceed 10%, and second (i) the aggregate fair market value of all such property sold by the REIT during the year did not&#160;exceed 20% of the aggregate fair market value of all property of the REIT at the beginning of the year and (ii) the average annual percentage of properties sold by the REIT compared to all the REIT&#8217;s properties (measured by fair market value) in the current and two prior years did not exceed 10%.&#160;&#160; Our intention in acquiring and operating the properties is the production of rental income and we do not expect to hold any property for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage118"></a>&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Foreclosure Property. Foreclosure property is real property (including interests in real property) and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that is acquired by a REIT as a result of the REIT having bid in the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property; (2)&#160;for which the related loan or lease was made, entered into or acquired by the REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated; and (3)&#160;for which such REIT makes an election to treat the property as foreclosure property. REITs generally are subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 21%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions, even if the property is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Hedging Transactions. We may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest rate swaps or cap agreements, options, futures, contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Any income from a hedging transaction, including gain from a disposition of such a transaction, to manage risk of interest rate or price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, by us to acquire or own real estate assets which is clearly identified as such before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into and with respect to which we satisfy other identification requirements, will be disregarded for purposes of the 75% and 95% Gross Income Tests. There are also rules for disregarding income for purposes of the 75% and 95% Gross Income Tests with respect to hedges of certain foreign currency risks. In addition, if we entered into a hedging transaction (i) to manage the risk of interest rate, price changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made or (ii to manage the risk of currency fluctuations, and a portion of the hedged indebtedness or property is disposed of and in connection with such extinguishment or disposition we enter into a new clearly identified hedging transaction (a &#8220;Counteracting Hedge&#8221;), income from the applicable hedge and income from the Counteracting Hedge (including gain from the disposition of such Counteracting Hedge) will not be treated as gross income for purposes of the 95% and 75% gross income tests.&#160;&#160;To the extent we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% Gross Income Tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.</p>
<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU10"></a>Characterization of Property Leases. We may purchase either new or existing properties and lease them to tenants. Our ability to claim certain tax benefits associated with ownership of these properties, such as depreciation, would depend on a determination that the lease transactions are true leases, under which we would be the owner of the leased property for U.S. federal income tax purposes, rather than a conditional sale of the property or a financing transaction. A determination by the IRS that we are not the owner of any properties for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have adverse consequences to us, such as the denial of depreciation deductions (which could affect </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the determination of our REIT taxable income subject to the distribution requirements) or our satisfaction of the Asset Tests or the Gross Income Tests.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU10"></a>General. We operate as an UPREIT, which is a structure whereby we own a direct interest in our operating partnership, and our operating partnership, in turn, owns interests in other non-corporate entities that own properties. Such non-corporate entities generally are organized as limited liability companies, partnerships or trusts and are either disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes (if&#160;our operating partnership was the sole owner) or treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of our investment in our operating partnership. This discussion should also generally apply to any investment by us in a property partnership or other non-corporate entity.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">A partnership (that is not a publicly traded partnership taxed as a corporation) is not subject to tax as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate share of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the partnership, and are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive any distributions from the partnership. We will be required to take into account our allocable share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various Gross Income and Asset Tests, and in the computation of our REIT taxable income and U.S. federal income tax liability. Further, there can be no assurance that distributions from our operating partnership will be sufficient to pay the tax liabilities resulting from an investment in our operating partnership.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We intend that interests in our operating partnership (and any partnership invested in by our operating partnership with one or more partners) will fall within one of the &#8220;safe harbors&#8221; for the partnership to avoid being classified as a publicly traded partnership. However, our ability to satisfy the requirements of some of these safe harbors depends on the results of our actual operations and accordingly no assurance can be given that any such partnership would not be treated as a publicly traded partnership. Even if a partnership qualifies as a publicly traded partnership, it generally will not be treated as a corporation if at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year is from certain passive sources.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage119"></a>If for any reason our operating partnership (or any partnership invested in by our operating partnership) is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change, and as a result, we would most likely be unable to satisfy the Asset Tests and Gross Income Tests described above. In addition, any change in the status of any partnership may be treated as a taxable event, in which case we could incur a tax liability without a related cash distribution. Further, if any partnership was treated as a corporation, items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such partnership would be subject to corporate income tax, and the partners of any such partnership would be treated as stockholders, with distributions to such partners being treated as dividends.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Anti-abuse Treasury regulations have been issued under the partnership provisions of the Code that authorize the IRS, in some abusive transactions involving partnerships, to disregard the form of a transaction and recast it as it deems appropriate. The anti-abuse regulations apply where a partnership is utilized in connection with a transaction (or series of related transactions) with a principal purpose of substantially reducing the present value of the partners&#8217; aggregate U.S. federal tax liability in a manner inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions. The anti-abuse regulations contain an example in which a REIT contributes the proceeds of a public offering to a partnership in exchange for a general partnership interest. The limited partners contribute real property assets to the partnership, subject to liabilities that exceed their respective aggregate bases in such property. The example concludes that the use of the partnership is not inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions, and thus, cannot be recast by the IRS. However, the anti-abuse regulations are extraordinarily broad in scope and are applied based on an analysis of all the facts and circumstances. As a result, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not attempt to apply the anti-abuse regulations to us. Any such action could potentially jeopardize our status as a REIT and materially affect the tax consequences and economic return resulting from an investment in us.</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU11"></a>Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners. Although a partnership agreement will generally determine the allocation of a partnership&#8217;s income and losses among the partners, such allocations may be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Section&#160;704(b) of the Code and the Treasury regulations. If any allocation is not </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having &#8220;substantial economic effect,&#8221; the item subject to the allocation w</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ill be reallocated in accordance with the partners&#8217; economic interests in the partnership. We believe that the allocations of taxable income and loss in our operating partnership agreement comply with the requirements of Section&#160;704(b) of the Code and the </font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Treasury regulations.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU11"></a>Pursuant to Section&#160;704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to property contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for units must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or loss attributable to the property at the time of contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value and the adjusted basis of the property at the time of contribution. These allocations are designed to eliminate book-tax differences by allocating to contributing partners lower amounts of depreciation deductions and increased taxable income and gain attributable to the contributed property than would ordinarily be the case for economic or book purposes. With respect to any property purchased by our operating partnership, such property will generally have an initial tax basis equal to its fair market value, and accordingly, Section&#160;704(c) will not apply, except as described further below in this paragraph. The application of the principles of Section&#160;704(c) in tiered partnership arrangements is not entirely clear. Accordingly, the IRS may assert a different allocation method than the one selected by our operating partnership to cure any book-tax differences. In certain circumstances, we create book-tax differences by adjusting the values of&#160;properties for economic or book purposes and generally the rules of Section&#160;704(c) of the Code would apply to such differences as well.</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Some expenses incurred in the conduct of our operating partnership&#8217;s activities may not be deducted in the year they were paid. To the extent this occurs, the taxable income of our operating partnership may exceed its cash receipts for the year in which the expense is paid. As discussed above, the costs of acquiring properties must generally be recovered through depreciation deductions over a number of years. Prepaid interest and loan fees, and prepaid management fees are other examples of expenses that may not be deducted in the year they were paid.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">U.S. Federal Income Taxation of Stockholders</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders. This section summarizes the taxation of domestic stockholders that are not tax-exempt organizations. For these purposes, a domestic stockholder is a beneficial owner of our common stock that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">any trust if (1)&#160;a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2)&#160;it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage120"></a>If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds&#160;our shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding our common stock should consult its tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares by the partnership.</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Certain high-income U.S. individuals, estates, and trusts are subject to an additional 3.8% tax on net investment income. For these purposes, net investment income includes dividends and gains from sales of stock. In the case of an individual, the tax is 3.8% of the lesser of the individual&#8217;s net investment income, or the excess of the individual&#8217;s modified adjusted gross income over an amount equal to (1)&#160;$250,000 in the case of a married individual filing a joint return or a surviving spouse, (2)&#160;$125,000 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return, or (3)&#160;$200,000 in the case of a single individual.</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU12"></a><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU12"></a>As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable &#8220;U.S. stockholder&#8221; must generally take into account as ordinary income distributions made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain.&#160;&#160;For purposes of determining whether a distribution is made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to our preferred stock, </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10</p>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">then to our common stock. A U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations. In addition, divi</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">dends paid to a U.S. stockholder generally will not qualify as &#8220;qualified dividend income&#8221; for the maximum tax rate accorded to capital gains. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid to individuals, trusts and estates by domestic C corp</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">orations and certain qualified foreign corporations. Because we are not generally subject to federal income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income distributed to our stockholders, our dividends generally will not be eligible for the 20% rate (in the</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> case of taxpayers whose taxable income exceeds certain thresholds depending on filing status) on qualified dividend income.&#160;&#160;</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">However, under the TCJA, regular dividends from REITs are treated as income from a pass-through entity and are eligible for a 20% deduction. As a result, our regular dividends will be taxed at 80% of an individual&#8217;s marginal tax rate. The current maximum rate is 37%, resulting in a maximum rate&#160;of 29.6%. However, the maximum 20% tax rate for qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT dividends attributable to dividends received by us from non-REIT corporations.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Distributions that are designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (generally taxable at a maximum rate of 20% in the case of non-corporate domestic stockholders, subject to a maximum rate of 25% for certain recapture of real estate depreciation) to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which the stockholder that receives such distribution has held its stock. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some types of capital gain dividends as ordinary income. We may also decide to retain, rather than distribute, our net long-term capital gains and pay any tax thereon. In such instances, stockholders would include their proportionate shares of such gains in income, receive a credit on their returns for their proportionate share of our tax payments, and increase the tax basis of their shares of stock by the after-tax amount of such gain.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The aggregate amount of dividends that we may designate as &#8220;capital gain dividends&#8221; or &#8220;qualified dividend income&#8221; with respect to any taxable year may not exceed the dividends paid by us with respect to such year, including dividends that are paid in the following year (if they are declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if made with or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration) are treated as paid with respect to such year. Dividend income is characterized as &#8220;portfolio&#8221; income under the passive loss rules and cannot be offset by a stockholder&#8217;s current or suspended passive losses. Although stockholders generally recognize taxable income in the year that a distribution is received, any distribution we declare in October, November or December of any year that is payable to a stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December&#160;31 of the year it was declared if paid by us during January of the following calendar year. Because we are not a pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, stockholders may not use any of our operating or capital losses to reduce their tax liabilities.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In certain circumstances, we may have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in shares of our stock. In such a case, you would be taxed on 100% of the dividend in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in shares of our stock.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In general, the sale of our common stock held for more than 12 months will produce long-term capital gain or loss. All other sales will produce short-term gain or loss. In each case, the gain or loss is equal to the difference between the amount of cash and fair market value of any property received from the sale and the stockholder&#8217;s basis in the common stock sold. However, any loss from a sale or exchange of common stock by a stockholder who has held such stock for six months or less generally will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent that the stockholder treated our distributions as long-term capital gains.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU13"></a>We will report to our domestic stockholders and to the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, and the amount (if any) of U.S. federal income tax we withhold. A stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless such stockholder: (i)&#160;is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories; or (ii)&#160;provides us with a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements. A stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding can be credited against the stockholder&#8217;s U.S. federal income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11</p>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">withhold a portion of distributions made to any stockholders who fail to cer</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">tify their non-foreign status to us. See the &#8220;Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders&#8221; portion of this section.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Domestic stockholders that hold our common stock through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds) may be subject to withholding on dividends in respect of, and the gain from the sale of, such common stock, as discussed in &#8220;Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders-Recent Changes in U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding&#8221; below.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage121"></a>&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU13"></a>Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders. Our distributions to a stockholder that is a domestic tax-exempt entity should not constitute UBTI unless the stockholder borrows funds (or otherwise incurs acquisition indebtedness within the</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">meaning of the Code) to acquire its common stock, or the common stock is otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business of the tax-exempt entity. Furthermore, part or all of the income or gain recognized with respect to our stock held by certain domestic tax-exempt entities including social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal service plans (all of which are exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (9), (17)&#160;or (20)&#160;of the Code), may be treated as UBTI. Special rules apply to the ownership of REIT shares by Section&#160;401(a) tax-exempt pension trusts. If we would fail to satisfy the &#8220;five or fewer&#8221; share ownership test (discussed above with respect to&#160;the share ownership tests), and if Section&#160;401(a) tax-exempt pension trusts were treated as individuals, tax-exempt pension trusts owning more than 10% by value of our stock may be required to treat a percentage of our dividends as UBTI. This rule applies&#160;if: (i)&#160;at least one tax-exempt pension trust owns more than 25% by value of our shares, or (ii) one or more tax-exempt pension trusts (each owning more than 10% by value of our shares) hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of our shares. The percentage treated as UBTI is our gross income (less direct expenses) derived from an unrelated trade or business (determined as if we were a tax-exempt pension trust) divided by our gross income from all sources (less direct expenses). If this percentage is less than 5%, however, none of the dividends will be treated as UBTI.</p>
<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Prospective tax-exempt purchasers should consult their own tax advisors as to the applicability of these rules and consequences to their particular circumstances.</p>
<p style="margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">General. The rules governing the U.S. federal income taxation of beneficial owners of our common stock that are nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations and other foreign investors (collectively, &#8220;Non-U.S. Stockholders&#8221;) are complex, and as such, only a summary of such rules is provided in this exhibit. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their own tax advisors to determine the impact that U.S. federal, state and local income tax or similar laws will have on such investors as a result of an investment in our common stock.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding. Withholding at a rate of 30% required on dividends in respect of, and after December&#160;31, 2018, withholding at a rate of 30% will be required on gross proceeds from the sale of, shares of our common stock held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury (unless alternative procedures apply pursuant to an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the relevant foreign government) to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to shares in, and accounts maintained by, the institution to the extent such shares or accounts are held by certain U.S. persons or by certain Non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons. Accordingly, the entity through which our shares are held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends in respect of, and after December&#160;31, 2018, gross proceeds from the sale of, our shares held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity will be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i)&#160;certifies to us that such entity does not have any &#8220;substantial U.S. owners&#8221; or (ii)&#160;provides certain information regarding the entity&#8217;s &#8220;substantial U.S. owners,&#8221; which we will in turn provide to the Secretary of the Treasury. Non-U.S. stockholders are encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of these rules on their investment in our common stock.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU14"></a><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU14"></a>Distributions-In General. Distributions paid by us that are not attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests and not designated by us as capital gain dividends will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">12</p>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">dividends to Non-U.S. Stockholders ordinarily will be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the dividend unless an applicable</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. However, if income from the investment in our shares of common stock is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder&#8217;s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the Non-U.S. Stockholder generally wil</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">l be subject to a tax at the graduated rates applicable to ordinary income, in the same manner as domestic stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends (and may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. stockholder th</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">at is a foreign corporation that is not entitled to any treaty exemption). Dividends in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder&#8217;s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> shares. Instead, they will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that such dividends exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. Stockholder&#8217;s shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. Stockholder would otherwise be subjec</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">t to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of his shares, as described in the &#8220;Sale of Shares&#8221; portion of this Section below.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage122"></a>Distributions Attributable to Sale or Exchange of Real Property. Distributions that are attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests will be taxed to a Non-U.S. Stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Non-U.S. Stockholders would thus be required to file U.S. federal income tax returns and would be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to domestic stockholders, and would be subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Also, such dividends may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a corporate Non-U.S. Stockholder not entitled to any treaty exemption. However, generally a capital gain dividend from a REIT is not treated as effectively connected income for a foreign investor if (i)&#160;the distribution is received with regard to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States; and (ii)&#160;the foreign investor does not own more than 10% of the class of stock at any time during the tax year within which the distribution is received. We expect that our common stock will continue to be regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding on Distributions. For U.S. federal income tax withholding purposes and subject to the discussion above under &#8220;Recent Changes in U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding,&#8221; we will generally withhold tax at the rate of 30% on the amount of any distribution (other than distributions designated as capital gain dividends) made to a Non-U.S. Stockholder, unless the Non-U.S. Stockholder provides us with a properly completed IRS (i)&#160;Form W-8BEN evidencing that such Non-U.S. Stockholder is eligible for an exemption or reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty (in which case we will withhold at the lower treaty rate) or (ii)&#160;Form W-8ECI claiming that the dividend is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder&#8217;s conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. (in which case we will not withhold tax). We are also generally required to withhold tax at the rate of 21% (35% for years beginning prior to January 1, 2018) on the portion of any dividend to a Non-U.S. Stockholder that is or could be designated by us as a capital gain dividend, to the extent attributable to gain on a sale or exchange of an interest in U.S. real property. Such withheld amounts of tax do not represent actual tax liabilities, but rather, represent payments in respect of those tax liabilities described in the preceding two paragraphs. Therefore, such withheld amounts are creditable by the Non-U.S. Stockholder against its actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, including those described in the preceding two paragraphs. The Non-U.S. Stockholder would be entitled to a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such Non-U.S. Stockholder&#8217;s actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, provided that the Non-U.S. Stockholder files applicable returns or refund claims with the IRS.</p>
<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Sales of Shares. Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Stockholder upon a sale of shares of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, provided that: (i)&#160;such gain is not effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Stockholder of a trade or business within the United States; (ii)&#160;the Non-U.S. Stockholder is not present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions apply; and (iii) our REIT is &#8220;domestically controlled,&#8221; which generally means that less than 50% in value of our shares was held directly or indirectly by foreign persons during the five year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter, during the entire period of our existence.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU15"></a>We cannot assure you that we will qualify as &#8220;domestically controlled.&#8221; If we were not domestically controlled, a Non-U.S. Stockholder&#8217;s sale of common shares would be subject to tax, unless our common shares were regularly traded on an established securities market and the selling Non-U.S. Stockholder has not directly, or indirectly, owned during a specified testing period more than 10% in value of our shares of common stock. We believe that our </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">13</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">common stock will continue to be regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States. If the gain on the sale of shares w</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ere subject to taxation, the Non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as domestic stockholders with respect to such gain, and the purchaser of such common stock may be required to withhold 15% of the gross purchase price.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU15"></a>If the proceeds of a disposition of common stock are paid by or through a U.S. office of a broker-dealer, the payment is generally subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless the disposing Non-U.S. Stockholder certifies as to its name, address and non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, U.S. information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds if the payment is made outside the United States through a foreign office of a foreign broker-dealer. Under Treasury regulations, if the proceeds from a disposition of common stock paid to or through a foreign office of a U.S. broker-dealer or a non-U.S. office of a foreign broker-dealer that is (i)&#160;a &#8220;controlled foreign corporation&#8221; for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii)&#160;a person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for a three-year period was effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, (iii)&#160;a foreign partnership with one or more partners who are U.S. persons and who, in the aggregate, hold more than 50% of the income or capital interest in the partnership, or (iv)&#160;a foreign partnership engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, then (A)&#160;backup withholding will not apply unless the broker-dealer has actual knowledge that the owner is not a Non-U.S. Stockholder, and (B)&#160;information reporting will not apply if the Non-U.S. Stockholder certifies its non-U.S. status and further certifies that it has not been, and at the time the certificate is furnished reasonably expects not to be, present in the U.S. for a period aggregating 183 days or more during each calendar year to which the certification pertains. Prospective foreign purchasers should consult their tax advisors concerning these rules.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Recent legislation provides for additional exemptions from provisions relating to ownership of interests in U.S. real estate by non-U.S. persons applicable to &#8220;qualified shareholders&#8221; and &#8220;qualified foreign pension plans,&#8221; as further described below.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Subject to the exception discussed below, any distribution to a &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; who holds REIT stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to U.S. tax as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and thus will not be subject to special withholding rules under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Act of 1980 (&#8220;FIRPTA&#8221;).&#160;&#160;While a &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; will not be subject to FIRPTA withholding on REIT distributions, certain investors of a &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; (i.e., non-U.S. persons who hold interests in the &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; (other than interests solely as a creditor), and hold more than 10% of the stock of such REIT (whether or not by reason of the investor&#8217;s ownership in the &#8220;qualified Shareholder&#8221;)) may be subject to FIRPTA withholding.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In addition, a sale of our stock by a &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; who holds such stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation under FIRPTA. As with distributions, certain investors of a &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; (i.e., non-U.S. persons who hold interests in the &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; (other than interests solely as a creditor), and hold more than 10% of the stock of such REIT (whether or not by reason of the investor&#8217;s ownership in the &#8220;qualified shareholder)) may be subject to FIRPTA withholding on a sale of our stock.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">A &#8220;qualified shareholder&#8221; is a foreign person that (i) either is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty which includes an exchange of information program and whose principal class of interests is listed and regularly traded on one or more recognized stock exchanges (as defined in such comprehensive income tax treaty), or is a foreign partnership that is created or organized under foreign law as a limited partnership in a jurisdiction that has an agreement for the exchange of information with respect to taxes with the United States and has a class of limited partnership units representing greater than 50% of the value of all the partnership units that is regularly traded on the NYSE or NASDAQ markets, (ii) is a qualified collective investment vehicle (defined below), and (iii) maintains records on the identity of each person who, at any time during the foreign person&#8217;s taxable year, is the direct owner of 5% or more of the class of interests or units (as applicable) described in (1), above.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU16"></a>A qualified collective investment vehicle is a foreign person that (i) would be eligible for a reduced rate of withholding under the comprehensive income tax treaty described above, even if such entity holds more than 10% of the stock of such REIT, (ii) is publicly traded, is treated as a partnership under the Code, is a withholding foreign partnership, and would be treated as a &#8220;United States real property holding corporation&#8221; if it were a domestic </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">14</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">corporation, or (iii) is designated as such by the Secretary of the Treasury and is either (a) fiscally transparent within the meaning of section 894, or (b) required to include di</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">vidends in its gross income, but is entitled to a deduction for distributions to its investors.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Qualified Foreign Pension Funds. Any distribution to a &#8220;qualified foreign pension fund&#8221; (or an entity all of the interests of which are held by a &#8220;qualified foreign pension fund&#8221;) who holds REIT stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to U.S. tax as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and thus will not be subject to special withholding rules under FIRPTA.&#160;&#160;In addition, a sale of our stock by a &#8220;qualified foreign pension fund&#8221; that holds such stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation under FIRPTA.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU16"></a>A qualified foreign pension fund is any trust, corporation or other organization or arrangement (i) which is created or organized under the law of a country other than the United States, (ii) which is established to provide retirement or pension benefits to participants or beneficiaries that are current or former employees (or persons designated by such employees) of one or more employers in consideration for services rendered (iii) which does not have a single participant or beneficiary with a right to more than 5% of its assets or income, (iv) which is subject to government regulation and provides annual information reporting about its beneficiaries to the relevant tax authorities in the country&#160;in which it is established or operates, and (v) with respect to which, under the laws of the country in which it is established or operates, (a) contributions to such organization or arrangement that would otherwise be subject to tax under such laws are deductible or excluded from the gross income of such entity or taxed at a reduced rate, or (b) taxation of any investment income of such organization or arrangement is deferred or such income is taxed at a reduced rate.</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The tax provisions relating to qualified shareholders and qualified foreign pension funds are complex.&#160;&#160;Stockholders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the impact of those provisions on them.</p>
<p style="margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Other Tax Considerations</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">State and Local Taxes. We and you may be subject to state or local taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or reside. Our and your state and local tax treatment may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our shares of common stock.</p>
<p style="margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="eolPage123"></a><a name="IRT_EX991_1162_HTM__AEIOULASTRENDEREDPAG"></a>&#160;Legislative Proposals. You should recognize that our and your present U.S. federal income tax treatment may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative actions at any time, which may be retroactive in effect.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by Congress, the IRS and the Treasury Department, and statutory changes as well as promulgation of new regulations, revisions to existing statutes, and revised interpretations of established concepts occur frequently. You should consult your advisors concerning the status of legislative proposals that may pertain to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">15</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></body>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
