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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

a. Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although we believe that the included disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended  December 31, 2025 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2025 Annual Report”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our condensed consolidated financial position and condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows are included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date its financial statements were issued. No significant recognized or non-recognized subsequent events were noted other than those described in the footnotes.

 

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

b. Principles of Consolidation

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect our accounts and the accounts of IROP and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Pursuant to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 810, “Consolidation”, IROP is considered a variable interest entity of which we are the primary beneficiary. As our significant asset is our investment in IROP, substantially all of our assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities of IROP.

 

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

c. Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

d. Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash, including amounts restricted, may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance limit of $250 per institution. We mitigate credit risk by placing cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. To date, we have not experienced any losses on cash and cash equivalents.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

e. Restricted Cash

 

Restricted cash includes escrows of our funds held by lenders to fund certain expenditures, such as real estate taxes and insurance, or to be released at our discretion upon the occurrence of certain pre-specified events. As of  June 30, 2026 and  December 31, 2025, we had $24,184 and $24,058, respectively, of restricted cash.

 

Real Estate, Policy [Policy Text Block]

f. Investments in Real Estate

 

Investments in real estate are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs, including internal costs, that both add value and appreciably extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

Investments in real estate are classified as held for sale in the period in which certain criteria are met including when the sale of the asset is probable, necessary approvals are obtained, and actions required to complete the plan of sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan of sale will be made or the plan of sale will be withdrawn.

 

Allocation of Purchase Price of Acquired Assets

 

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805 (“ASC 805”), we evaluate our real estate acquisitions to determine if they should be accounted for as a business or as a group of assets. The evaluation includes an initial screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets. If the screen is met, the acquisition is not a business. The properties we have acquired met the screen test and are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Under asset acquisition accounting, the costs to acquire real estate, including transaction costs related to the acquisition, are accumulated and then allocated to the individual assets and liabilities acquired based upon their relative fair value. Transaction costs and fees incurred related to the financing of an acquisition are capitalized and amortized over the life of the related financing.

 

We estimate the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, building and improvements), identified intangible assets (consisting of in-place leases), and assumed debt at the date of acquisition, based on the evaluation of information and estimates available at that date.

 

The aggregate value of in-place leases is determined by evaluating various factors, including the terms of the leases that are in place and assumed lease-up periods. The value assigned to these intangible assets is amortized over the assumed lease up period, typically nine months. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we acquired in-place leases with a value of $0 and $753, respectively, related to our acquisitions that are discussed further in Note 3 “Investments in Real Estate". During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we acquired in-place leases with a value of $0 and $1,829, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recorded $1,146 and $3,305, respectively, of amortization for intangible assets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $1,976 and $3,829, respectively, of amortization for intangible assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we wrote-off fully amortized intangible assets of $6,227 and $1,584, respectively. As of  June 30, 2026, we expect to record additional amortization expense on current in-place intangible assets of $418 for the remainder of 2026.

 

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Management evaluates the recoverability of our investments in real estate assets, including related identifiable intangible assets, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”. This accounting standard requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of the assets is not assured.

 

 

We review our long-lived assets on an ongoing basis and evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value when there is an indicator of impairment. An impairment charge is recognized when it is determined that the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value. The estimated cash flows and estimated fair value used in the impairment analysis are determined based on our plans for the respective assets, including the expected hold period, and our assessment of market and economic conditions. The estimates consider matters such as current and historical rental rates and collection levels, occupancies for the respective and/or comparable properties, and recent sales data for comparable properties. Changes in our plans or views of market and economic conditions may result in adjustments to estimated future cash flows, which could lead to recognition of impairment losses. These losses, as guided by the applicable accounting standards, could be significant. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 we recorded no impairment charges on account of real estate classified as held for sale and sold properties.

 

Depreciation Expense

 

Depreciation expense for real estate assets is computed using a straight-line method based on a life of 40 years for buildings and improvements and five to ten years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recorded $63,171 and $125,123 of depreciation expense, respectively. For three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $57,396 and $113,850 of depreciation expense, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we wrote-off fully depreciated fixed assets of $6,898 and $11,668, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we wrote-off fully depreciated fixed assets of $8,296 and $16,088, respectively. 

 

Casualty Related Costs

 

Occasionally, we incur losses at our communities from wind storms, floods, fires and similar hazards. In these cases, we estimate the carrying value of the damaged property and record a casualty loss for the difference between the estimated carrying value and the insurance proceeds, if any. Any amount of insurance recovery in excess of the amount of the losses incurred is considered a gain contingency and is recorded in casualty (gains) losses, net when the proceeds are received. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recorded $553 and $476 of casualty gains, net, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $255 and $139 of casualty losses, net, respectively.

 

Real Estate Held for Development and Sale, Policy [Policy Text Block]

g. Investments in Real Estate Under Development

 

We capitalize direct and indirect project costs incurred during the development period such as construction, insurance, architectural, legal, interest costs, and real estate taxes. At such time as the development is considered substantially complete, the capitalization of certain indirect costs such as real estate taxes, interest costs, and all project-related costs in real estate under development are reclassified to investments in real estate. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recorded $1,520 and $3,077, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in real estate under development. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $1,587 and $3,147, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in real estate under development. 

 

As of  June 30, 2026 and  December 31, 2025, the carrying value of our investments in real estate under development in Denver, Colorado and Austin, Texas, as applicable, totaled $67,814 and $60,116, respectively, net of $182,934 and $67,511 placed in service, respectively, and was recorded as a separate line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended  June 30, 2026, our previously disclosed development property in Denver, Colorado was completed and transitioned into our stabilized operating portfolio.

 

Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]

h. Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities

 

We have entered into joint ventures with unrelated third parties to acquire, develop, own, operate, and manage real estate assets. Our joint ventures are funded with a combination of debt and equity. We will consolidate entities that we control as well as any variable interest entity ("VIE") where we are the primary beneficiary. Under the VIE model, we consolidate an entity when we have the ability to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, we consolidate an entity when we control the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. We separately analyzed the initial accounting for each of our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and concluded that each investment is a voting interest entity. Our equity interest varies for each of our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities between 66.6% and 90% but, in each case, we share control of the major decisions that most significantly impact the joint ventures with our partners. Since we do not control the joint venture through our ownership interest, they are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and are included in investments in unconsolidated real estate entities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Under the equity method of accounting, the investments are carried at cost plus our share of net earnings or losses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recorded $466 and $985, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $1,014 and $1,969, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. 

 

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

i. Revenue and Expenses

 

Rental and Other Property Revenue

 

We apply FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”) with respect to our accounting for rental income. We primarily lease apartment units under operating leases generally with terms of one year or less. Rental payments are generally due monthly and rental revenues are recognized on an accrual basis when earned. We have elected to account for lease (i.e., fixed payments including base rent) and non-lease components (i.e., tenant reimbursements and certain other service fees) as a single combined operating lease component since (1) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease and non-lease components is the same, (2) the lease component is the predominant element, and (3) the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease.

 

We make ongoing estimates of the collectability of our base rents, tenant reimbursements, and other service fees included within rental and other property revenue. If collectability is not probable, we adjust rental and other property income for the amount of uncollectible revenue.

 

Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]

j. Derivative Instruments

 

We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with our borrowings. The principal objective of such arrangements is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with our operating and financial structure, as well as to hedge specific anticipated transactions. While these instruments may impact our periodic cash flows, they benefit us by minimizing the risks and/or costs previously described. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are major financial institutions with which we, and our affiliates, may also have other financial relationships. In the event of nonperformance by the counterparties, we are potentially exposed to credit loss. However, because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties, we do not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to meet their obligations.

 

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, we measure each derivative instrument at fair value and record such amounts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of the effective portions of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income and changes in the fair value of the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges, if any, are recognized in earnings. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the changes in fair value of the derivative instrument are recognized in earnings. Any derivatives that we designate in hedge relationships are done so at inception. At inception, we determine whether or not the derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in the designated interest rate risk associated with the identified indebtedness using regression analysis. At each reporting period, we update our regression analysis and use the hypothetical derivative method to measure any ineffectiveness.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

k. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the instruments’ complexity for disclosure purposes. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:

 

 

Level 1: Valuations are based on unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. The types of assets carried at Level 1 fair value generally are equity securities listed in active markets. As such, valuations of these investments do not entail a significant degree of judgment.

 

 

Level 2: Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

 

 

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

 

FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Given that cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are short term in nature with limited fair value volatility, the carrying amount is deemed to be a reasonable approximation of fair value and the fair value input is classified as a Level 1 fair value measurement. The fair value input for derivatives is classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our unsecured revolver, term loans, and mortgage indebtedness is based on a discounted cash flows valuation technique. As this technique utilizes current credit spreads, which are generally unobservable, this is classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy. We determine appropriate credit spreads based on the type of debt and its maturity. There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The following table summarizes the carrying amount and the fair value of our financial instruments as of the periods indicated: 

 

 

 

As of June 30, 2026

 

 

As of December 31, 2025

 

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Estimated

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Estimated

 

Financial Instrument

 

Amount

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Amount

 

 

Fair Value

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$22,513

 

 

$22,513

 

 

$23,564

 

 

$23,564

 

Restricted cash

 

 

24,184

 

 

 

24,184

 

 

 

24,058

 

 

 

24,058

 

Derivative assets

 

 

14,850

 

 

 

14,850

 

 

 

9,840

 

 

 

9,840

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unsecured revolver

 

 

265,563

 

 

 

270,137

 

 

 

194,357

 

 

 

200,399

 

Unsecured term loans

 

 

746,421

 

 

 

751,797

 

 

 

598,858

 

 

 

602,687

 

Secured credit facilities

 

 

586,334

 

 

 

560,805

 

 

 

593,167

 

 

 

569,169

 

Mortgages

 

 

696,043

 

 

 

664,482

 

 

 

746,548

 

 

 

717,612

 

Unsecured notes

 

 

149,022

 

 

 

150,208

 

 

 

148,545

 

 

 

150,247

 

Derivative liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

346

 

 

 

346

 

 

Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]

l. Deferred Financing Costs

 

Costs incurred in connection with debt financing are deferred and classified within indebtedness and charged to interest expense over the terms of the related debt agreements, under the effective interest method.

 

Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]

m. Office Leases

 

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases”, lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet at the lease commencement date for all leases, except those leases with terms of less than a year. We lease corporate office space under leases with terms of up to 10 years and that may include extension options, but that do not include any residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. As of  June 30, 2026 and  December 31, 2025, we had $2,461 and $2,771, respectively, of operating lease right-of-use assets and $2,744 and $3,082, respectively, of operating lease liabilities related to our corporate office leases. The operating lease right-of-use assets are presented within other assets and the operating lease liabilities are presented within other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recorded $198 and $394, respectively, of total operating lease expense which is recorded within property management expense and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $117 and $237, respectively, of total operating lease expense which is recorded within property management expense and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

n. Income Taxes

 

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT. Accordingly, we recorded no income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

 

To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders; however, we believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify and maintain treatment as a REIT and intend to operate in such a manner so that we will remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

o. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Below is a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements that could have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2025-12, Codification Improvements, as part of its ongoing project to clarify, correct and improve various topics within the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The amendments cover 33 specific issues, two of which are particularly relevant to REITs, (i) clarifications on the calculation of diluted earnings per share when a loss from continuing operations exists (Topic 260), and (ii) the exclusion of certain lease receivables from enhanced credit loss disclosures (Topic 310). The standard is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted on an issue-by-issue basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-12 on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and disclosures.

 

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements. The update is designed to better align hedge accounting with an entity's risk management activities by making targeted improvements to the hedge accounting model. Key amendments include, Similar Risk Assessment, which replaces the “shared risk exposure” requirement for grouping forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge with a “similar risk exposure” requirement, permitting broader aggregation of hedged risks, Choose-Your-Rate Debt which introduces a model for hedging interest payments on variable-rate borrowings where the borrower can change reference rates without automatically triggering hedge de-designation, and Net Written Options which clarifies that certain instruments, such as, interest rate swaps with floors, may qualify as hedging instruments without being subject to the net written option test, provided. The standard is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is generally required to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-09 on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and disclosures.

 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure of information about specific cost and expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods commencing in 2028 and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the ASU will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and disclosures.