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INVESTMENTS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fixed Maturities for Available for Sale and Equity Securities
At December 31, 2024, the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, allowance for credit losses and estimated fair value of fixed maturities, available for sale, were as follows (dollars in millions):
Amortized
cost
Gross
unrealized
gains
Gross
unrealized
losses
Allowance for credit lossesEstimated
fair
value
Investment grade (a):    
Corporate securities$13,107.1 $55.5 $(1,632.9)$(22.5)$11,507.2 
Certificates of deposit
470.0 18.3 — — $488.3 
United States Treasury securities and obligations of United States government corporations and agencies214.8 — (28.6)— 186.2 
States and political subdivisions3,238.3 12.1 (434.6)(0.5)2,815.3 
Foreign governments107.3 0.1 (15.3)(0.9)91.2 
Asset-backed securities1,475.1 7.5 (56.6)(0.1)1,425.9 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities819.8 5.3 (5.5)— 819.6 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities1,253.4 11.5 (121.6)— 1,143.3 
Collateralized loan obligations1,015.2 5.6 (4.0)— 1,016.8 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities2,275.3 3.7 (157.8)— 2,121.2 
Total investment grade fixed maturities, available for sale23,976.3 119.6 (2,456.9)(24.0)21,615.0 
Below-investment grade (a) (b):    
Corporate securities678.2 4.9 (30.4)(8.6)644.1 
States and political subdivisions23.6 0.1 (1.8)(2.9)19.0 
Asset-backed securities99.5 0.8 (9.9)— 90.4 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities382.9 22.0 (9.2)— 395.7 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities103.8 — (25.9)(1.6)76.3 
Total below-investment grade fixed maturities, available for sale1,288.0 27.8 (77.2)(13.1)1,225.5 
Total fixed maturities, available for sale$25,264.3 $147.4 $(2,534.1)$(37.1)$22,840.5 
_______________
(a)Investment ratings are assigned the second lowest rating by Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations ("NRSROs") (Moody's Investor Services, Inc. ("Moody's"), S&P Global Ratings ("S&P") or Fitch Ratings ("Fitch")), or if not rated by such firms, the rating assigned by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the "NAIC").  NAIC designations of "1" or "2" include fixed maturities generally rated investment grade (rated "Baa3" or higher by Moody's or rated "BBB-" or higher by S&P and Fitch).  NAIC designations of "3" through "6" are referred to as below-investment grade (which generally are rated "Ba1" or lower by Moody's or rated "BB+" or lower by S&P and Fitch).  References to investment grade or below-investment grade throughout our consolidated financial statements are determined as described above.
(b)Certain structured securities rated below-investment grade by NRSROs may be assigned a NAIC 1 or NAIC 2 designation based on the cost basis of the security relative to estimated recoverable amounts as determined by the NAIC. Refer to the table below for a summary of our fixed maturity securities, available for sale, by NAIC designations.
At December 31, 2023, the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, allowance for credit losses and estimated fair value of fixed maturities, available for sale, were as follows (dollars in millions):
Amortized
cost
Gross
unrealized
gains
Gross
unrealized
losses
Allowance for credit lossesEstimated
fair
value
Investment grade:    
Corporate securities$12,590.8 $73.0 $(1,347.8)$(26.6)$11,289.4 
United States Treasury securities and obligations of United States government corporations and agencies207.6 0.1 (13.3)— 194.4 
States and political subdivisions2,887.2 31.3 (360.2)(0.6)2,557.7 
Foreign governments92.7 1.2 (10.4)(0.4)83.1 
Asset-backed securities1,364.5 3.9 (92.4)(0.1)1,275.9 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities639.0 9.5 (0.5)— 648.0 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities1,170.8 7.0 (136.3)— 1,041.5 
Collateralized loan obligations1,042.5 3.3 (13.0)— 1,032.8 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities2,386.9 0.7 (240.9)— 2,146.7 
Total investment grade fixed maturities, available for sale22,382.0 130.0 (2,214.8)(27.7)20,269.5 
Below-investment grade:    
Corporate securities596.1 1.7 (34.6)(15.1)548.1 
States and political subdivisions9.6 — (0.5)(0.1)9.0 
Asset-backed securities111.7 0.2 (15.4)— 96.5 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities499.3 28.8 (16.4)— 511.7 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities100.5 — (29.1)— 71.4 
Total below-investment grade fixed maturities, available for sale1,317.2 30.7 (96.0)(15.2)1,236.7 
Total fixed maturities, available for sale$23,699.2 $160.7 $(2,310.8)$(42.9)$21,506.2 
Schedule of NAIC Designations and NRSRO Equivalent Ratings The following summarizes the NAIC designations and NRSRO equivalent ratings:
NAIC DesignationNRSRO Equivalent Rating
1AAA/AA/A
2BBB
3BB
4B
5CCC and lower
6In or near default
Schedule of Fixed Maturity Securities Available for Sale
A summary of our fixed maturity securities, available for sale, by NAIC designations (or for fixed maturity securities held by non-regulated entities, based on NRSRO ratings) as of December 31, 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):
NAIC designationAmortized costEstimated fair valuePercentage of total estimated fair value
1$16,091.7 $14,522.4 63.6 %
28,261.4 7,480.6 32.8 
Total NAIC 1 and 2 (investment grade)24,353.1 22,003.0 96.4 
3635.2 598.6 2.6 
4236.2 211.2 0.9 
518.6 13.9 0.1 
621.2 13.8 — 
Total NAIC 3,4,5 and 6 (below-investment grade)911.2 837.5 3.6 
$25,264.3 $22,840.5 100.0 %
Schedule of Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturities, available for sale, at December 31, 2024, by contractual maturity.  Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.  Structured securities (such as asset-backed securities, agency residential mortgage-backed securities, non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collectively referred to as "structured securities") frequently include provisions for periodic principal payments and permit periodic unscheduled payments.
Amortized
cost
Estimated
fair
value
 (Dollars in millions)
Due in one year or less$687.7 $705.3 
Due after one year through five years2,378.9 2,322.4 
Due after five years through ten years2,056.3 2,004.4 
Due after ten years12,716.4 10,719.1 
Subtotal17,839.3 15,751.2 
Structured securities7,425.0 7,089.3 
Total fixed maturities, available for sale$25,264.3 $22,840.5 
Schedule of Investment Income
Net investment income consisted of the following (dollars in millions):
202420232022
General account assets:
Fixed maturities$1,222.1 $1,142.9 $1,084.1 
Equity securities35.0 1.7 5.9 
Mortgage loans126.5 97.4 63.0 
Policy loans9.0 8.6 8.4 
Other invested assets26.8 8.2 38.0 
Cash and cash equivalents39.0 20.9 5.9 
Policyholder and other special-purpose portfolios:
Trading securities5.0 6.5 7.7 
Options related to fixed indexed products:
Option income (loss)243.6 (48.3)(6.3)
Change in value of options12.2 177.3 (200.3)
Other special-purpose portfolios68.7 114.0 35.8 
Gross investment income1,787.9 1,529.2 1,042.2 
Less investment expenses39.1 29.5 26.3 
Net investment income$1,748.8 $1,499.7 $1,015.9 
Schedule of Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments
The following table sets forth the total investment gains (losses) for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):
 202420232022
Realized investment gains (losses): 
Gross realized gains on sales of fixed maturities, available for sale$11.5 $13.4 $99.8 
Gross realized losses on sales of fixed maturities, available for sale(54.9)(58.9)(104.0)
Equity securities, net— (0.6)(8.3)
Other, net(32.2)(23.2)(5.4)
Total realized investment gains (losses)(75.6)(69.3)(17.9)
Change in allowance for credit losses and write-downs (a)
(2.6)8.1 (52.6)
Change in fair value of equity securities (b)(0.4)0.4 (2.9)
Gain on dissolution of variable interest entities
3.9 — — 
Other changes in fair value (c)24.8 (8.2)(62.0)
Other investment gains (losses)25.7 0.3 (117.5)
Total investment gains (losses)$(49.9)$(69.0)$(135.4)
_________________
(a)    Changes in the allowance for credit losses includes $1.8 million, $2.4 million and $(1.8) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to investments held by VIEs.
(b)    Changes in the estimated fair value of equity securities (that were still held as of the end of the respective years) were $(0.3) million, $0.1 million and $(7.3) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(c)    Changes in the estimated fair value of trading securities that we have elected the fair value option (that were still held as of the end of the respective years) were $3.7 million, $(2.0) million and $(43.3) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Schedule of the Investments Sold at a Loss during 2022 Which had been Continuously in an Unrealized Loss Position
The following summarizes the investments sold at a loss during 2024 which had been continuously in an unrealized loss position exceeding 20 percent of the amortized cost basis prior to the sale for the period indicated (dollars in millions):
At date of sale
Number
of issuers
Amortized costFair value
Less than 6 months prior to sale6$8.0 $5.8 
Greater than or equal to 6 months and less than 12 months prior to sale10.5 0.4 
Greater than 12 months prior to sale725.7 11.8 
 $34.2 $18.0 
The following summarizes the investments in our portfolio rated below-investment grade not deemed to have credit losses which have been continuously in an unrealized loss position exceeding 20 percent of the cost basis for the period indicated as of December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Number
of issuers
Cost
basis
Unrealized
loss
Estimated
fair value
Less than 6 months2$25.2 $(6.4)$18.8 
Greater than 12 months449.8 (19.0)30.8 
Total$75.0 $(25.4)$49.6 
The following summarizes the investments sold at a loss during 2024 which had been continuously in an unrealized loss position exceeding 20 percent of the amortized cost basis prior to the sale for the period indicated (dollars in millions):
At date of sale
Number
of issuers
Amortized costFair value
Less than 6 months prior to sale12$14.2 $9.8 
Greater than or equal to 6 months and less than 12 months prior to sale613.0 7.6 
Greater than 12 months prior to sale714.0 7.8 
 $41.2 $25.2 
Schedule of Investments with Unrealized Losses Classified By Contractual Maturity Date
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of those fixed maturities, available for sale, with unrealized losses at December 31, 2024, by contractual maturity.  Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.  Structured securities frequently include provisions for periodic principal payments and permit periodic unscheduled payments.
Amortized
cost
Estimated
fair
value
 (Dollars in millions)
Due in one year or less$133.0 $131.8 
Due after one year through five years1,618.5 1,551.5 
Due after five years through ten years1,244.2 1,166.8 
Due after ten years11,659.1 9,625.7 
Subtotal14,654.8 12,475.8 
Structured securities4,693.4 4,301.2 
Total$19,348.2 $16,777.0 
Schedule of the Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Investments
The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair values of our investments with unrealized losses for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

 Less than 12 months12 months or greaterTotal
Description of securitiesFair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Corporate securities$1,200.7 $(35.5)$4,035.6 $(740.7)$5,236.3 $(776.2)
United States Treasury securities and obligations of United States government corporations and agencies44.7 (3.8)141.5 (24.8)186.2 (28.6)
States and political subdivisions831.9 (20.5)896.1 (212.1)1,728.0 (232.6)
Foreign governments17.4 (1.0)10.0 (1.1)27.4 (2.1)
Asset-backed securities124.8 (1.3)807.9 (64.3)932.7 (65.6)
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities297.1 (5.3)3.1 (0.2)300.2 (5.5)
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities128.0 (1.4)884.6 (129.4)1,012.6 (130.8)
Collateralized loan obligations162.9 (0.7)66.8 (3.3)229.7 (4.0)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities174.5 (1.2)1,642.7 (182.5)1,817.2 (183.7)
Total fixed maturities, available for sale$2,982.0 $(70.7)$8,488.3 $(1,358.4)$11,470.3 $(1,429.1)

The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair values of our investments with unrealized losses for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2023 (dollars in millions):

 Less than 12 months12 months or greaterTotal
Description of securitiesFair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Fair
value
Unrealized
losses
Corporate securities$332.0 $(5.3)$5,199.0 $(640.6)$5,531.0 $(645.9)
United States Treasury securities and obligations of United States government corporations and agencies126.7 (10.2)34.5 (3.1)161.2 (13.3)
States and political subdivisions236.9 (3.8)990.0 (181.2)1,226.9 (185.0)
Foreign governments6.2 — 21.1 (2.3)27.3 (2.3)
Asset-backed securities46.9 (0.8)1,066.8 (106.0)1,113.7 (106.8)
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities73.4 (0.4)7.1 (0.1)80.5 (0.5)
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities69.0 (1.3)1,062.9 (151.4)1,131.9 (152.7)
Collateralized loan obligations75.0 (0.3)590.9 (12.7)665.9 (13.0)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities203.8 (2.4)1,914.1 (267.6)2,117.9 (270.0)
Total fixed maturities, available for sale$1,169.9 $(24.5)$10,886.4 $(1,365.0)$12,056.3 $(1,389.5)
Schedule of Changes in the Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses Related to Investments Held by Vies
The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses related to fixed maturities, available for sale, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):
Corporate securitiesStates and political subdivisionsForeign governmentsAsset-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securitiesTotal
Allowance at December 31, 2021$7.4 $— $0.2 $— $— $7.6 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded48.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 — 50.4 
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded10.3 0.3 (0.3)— — 10.3 
Reduction for securities disposed during the period
(12.2)(0.1)— — — (12.3)
Allowance at December 31, 202254.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 — 56.0 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded7.3 0.3 0.1 — — 7.7 
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded(7.3)(0.4)— (0.2)— (7.9)
Reduction for securities disposed during the period
(12.7)(0.1)(0.1)— — (12.9)
Allowance at December 31, 202341.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 — 42.9 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded8.9 — 0.3 — 1.6 10.8 
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded(9.2)2.7 0.3 — — (6.2)
Reduction for securities disposed during the period
(10.3)(0.1)— — — (10.4)
Allowance at December 31, 2024$31.1 $3.3 $1.0 $0.1 $1.6 $37.1 
The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses related to investments held by VIEs for each of the three years ended December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):
Corporate securities
Allowance at December 31, 2021$3.7 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded7.8 
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded(3.0)
Reduction for securities disposed during the period
(3.0)
Allowance at December 31, 20225.5 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded0.8 
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded(0.3)
Reduction for securities disposed during the period
(2.9)
Allowance at December 31, 20233.1 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded0.8 
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded1.9 
Reduction for securities disposed during the period
(4.5)
Allowance at December 31, 2024$1.3 
Schedule of Structured Securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of structured securities at December 31, 2024, summarized by type of security, were as follows (dollars in millions):
  Estimated fair value
TypeAmortized
cost
AmountPercent
of fixed
maturities
Asset-backed securities$1,574.6 $1,516.4 6.6 %
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities819.8 819.6 3.6 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities1,636.3 1,539.1 6.7 
Collateralized loan obligations1,015.2 1,016.8 4.5 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities2,379.1 2,197.4 9.6 
Total structured securities$7,425.0 $7,089.3 31.0 %
Schedule of Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Outstanding Commercial Mortgage Loans and Underlying Collateral
The following table provides the amortized cost by year of origination and estimated fair value of our outstanding commercial mortgage loans and the underlying collateral as of December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):
Estimated fair
value
Loan-to-value ratio (a)20242023202220212020PriorTotal amortized costMortgage loansCollateral
Less than 60%
$153.9 $170.6 $130.1 $134.1 $37.5 $443.4 $1,069.6 $962.1 $4,189.1 
60% to less than 70%
31.3 92.9 39.1 5.8 — 28.5 197.6 181.2 304.6 
70% to less than 80%
— 42.3 77.6 — — 38.5 158.4 139.2 214.6 
80% to less than 90%
— — 61.2 — — — 61.2 51.7 75.9 
90% or greater
— — — — — 14.6 14.6 10.0 15.1 
Total$185.2 $305.8 $308.0 $139.9 $37.5 $525.0 $1,501.4 $1,344.2 $4,799.3 
________________
(a)Loan-to-value ratios are calculated as the ratio of: (i) the amortized cost of the commercial mortgage loans; to (ii) the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.
Schedule of Allowance For Credit Losses The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses related to mortgage loans for each of the three years ended December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):
Mortgage loans
Allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2021$5.6 
Current period provision for expected credit losses2.4 
Allowance for credit losses at December 31, 20228.0 
Current period provision for expected credit losses7.4 
Allowance for credit losses at December 31, 202315.4 
Current period provision for expected credit losses(1.8)
Allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2024$13.6