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SEGMENT INFORMATION | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
SEGMENT INFORMATION |
SEGMENT INFORMATION | 7 SEGMENT INFORMATION Management analyzes the Company's operating segments separately because of different economic environments and stages of development in different geographical areas, requiring different investment and marketing strategies. Management does not analyze assets or liabilities by reportable segments. Management evaluates the performance of the Company's segments on a regular basis, primarily based on earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortization, impairment, gain / loss on disposals of non-current assets, other non-operating gains / losses and share of profit / loss of joint ventures and associates ("Adjusted EBITDA"). From the first quarter of 2017, management has included the Italy Joint Venture (see Note 14) as a separate reportable segment, due to its increased contribution to the Company's overall financial result and position. Financial information by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, is presented in the following tables, with the exception of the Italy Joint Venture, for which financial information is presented in Note 7. Inter-segment transactions between operating segments are on an arm's length basis in a manner similar to transactions with third parties. The segment data for acquired operations are reflected herein from the date of their respective acquisition.
|  | External customers |  | Inter-segment |  | Total revenue |
Revenue |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015* |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015* |
Russia |  |  | 4,698 |  |  | 4,059 |  |  | 4,528 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 4,729 |  |  | 4,097 |  |  | 4,583 |
Pakistan |  |  | 1,525 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,525 |  |  | 1,295 |  |  | 1,014 |
Algeria |  |  | 914 |  |  | 1,040 |  |  | 1,273 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 915 |  |  | 1,040 |  |  | 1,273 |
Bangladesh |  |  | 574 |  |  | 621 |  |  | 604 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 574 |  |  | 621 |  |  | 604 |
Ukraine |  |  | 600 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 592 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 586 |  |  | 622 |
Uzbekistan |  |  | 513 |  |  | 662 |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 711 |
HQ |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 650 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 885 |  |  | (54 | ) |  | (61 | ) |  | (86 | ) |  | 596 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 799 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total segments |  |  | 9,474 |  |  | 8,885 |  |  | 9,606 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,474 |  |  | 8,885 |  |  | 9,606 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
* Amounts have been re-presented to conform with current year presentation, refer to Note 8.
|  | Adjusted EBITDA |  | Capital expenditures |
Other disclosures |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Russia |  |  | 1,788 |  |  | 1,574 |  |  | 1,825 |  |  | 686 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 910 |
Pakistan |  |  | 703 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 238 |
Algeria |  |  | 426 |  |  | 547 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 189 |
Bangladesh |  |  | 233 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 134 |
Ukraine |  |  | 347 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 299 |
Uzbekistan |  |  | 261 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 55 |
HQ |  |  | (325 | ) |  | (421 | ) |  | (1,291 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 16 |
Other |  |  | 154 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 193 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total segments |  |  | 3,587 |  |  | 3,232 |  |  | 2,875 |  |  | 1,791 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | 2,034 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The following table provides the reconciliation of consolidated Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income statement before tax for the years ended December 31:
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Total Segments Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 3,587 |  |  | 3,232 |  |  | 2,875 |
Depreciation |  |  | (1,454 | ) |  | (1,439 | ) |  | (1,550 | )
Amortization |  |  | (537 | ) |  | (497 | ) |  | (517 | )
Impairment losses |  |  | (66 | ) |  | (192 | ) |  | (245 | )
Loss on disposals of non-current assets |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (39 | )
Finance costs |  |  | (935 | ) |  | (830 | ) |  | (829 | )
Finance income |  |  | 95 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 52 |
Other non-operating losses, net |  |  | (97 | ) |  | (82 | ) |  | (42 | )
Share of (loss) / profit of joint ventures and associates |  |  | (412 | ) |  | 48 |  |  | 14 |
Impairment of joint ventures and associates |  |  | (110 | ) |  | (99 | ) |  | — |
Net foreign exchange (loss) / (gain) |  |  | (71 | ) |  | 157 |  |  | (314 | )
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Loss) / profit before tax |  |  | (24 | ) |  | 347 |  |  | (595 | )
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Geographical information of non-current assets The total of non-current assets (other than financial instruments, investments in subsidiaries and deferred tax assets, which are included in Other, along with consolidation eliminations), broken down by location of the assets, is shown in the following tables:
|  | 2017 |  | 2016* |
Russia |  |  | 5,969 |  |  | 6,116 |
Pakistan |  |  | 1,840 |  |  | 2,169 |
Algeria |  |  | 2,151 |  |  | 2,324 |
Bangladesh |  |  | 988 |  |  | 1,104 |
Ukraine |  |  | 552 |  |  | 556 |
Uzbekistan |  |  | 213 |  |  | 509 |
HQ |  |  | 55 |  |  | 38 |
Other |  |  | 3,345 |  |  | 3,827 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total segments |  |  | 15,113 |  |  | 16,643 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
* Amounts have been re-presented to conform with current year presentation.

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