7 SEGMENT INFORMATION

Management analyzes the Company's operating segments separately because of different economic environments and stages of development in different geographical areas, requiring different investment and marketing strategies. Management does not analyze assets or liabilities by reportable segments.

Management evaluates the performance of the Company's segments on a regular basis, primarily based on earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortization, impairment, gain / loss on disposals of non-current assets, other non-operating gains / losses and share of profit / loss of joint ventures and associates ("Adjusted EBITDA").

From the first quarter of 2017, management has included the Italy Joint Venture (see Note 14) as a separate reportable segment, due to its increased contribution to the Company's overall financial result and position.

Financial information by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, is presented in the following tables, with the exception of the Italy Joint Venture, for which financial information is presented in Note 7. Inter-segment transactions between operating segments are on an arm's length basis in a manner similar to transactions with third parties. The segment data for acquired operations are reflected herein from the date of their respective acquisition.

	External customers						Inter-segment									Total revenue
Revenue	2017		2016		2015*		2017			2016			2015			2017		2016		2015*
Russia		4,698		4,059		4,528		31			38			55			4,729		4,097		4,583
Pakistan		1,525		1,293		1,014		—			2			—			1,525		1,295		1,014
Algeria		914		1,040		1,273		1			—			—			915		1,040		1,273
Bangladesh		574		621		604		—			—			—			574		621		604
Ukraine		600		566		592		22			20			30			622		586		622
Uzbekistan		513		662		710		—			1			1			513		663		711
HQ		—		10		—		—			—			—			—		10		—
Other		650		634		885		(54	)		(61	)		(86	)		596		573		799

Total segments		9,474		8,885		9,606		—			—			—			9,474		8,885		9,606

* Amounts have been re-presented to conform with current year presentation, refer to Note 8.

	Adjusted EBITDA									Capital expenditures
Other disclosures	2017			2016			2015			2017		2016		2015
Russia		1,788			1,574			1,825			686		663		910
Pakistan		703			507			409			535		215		238
Algeria		426			547			684			129		201		189
Bangladesh		233			267			242			101		137		134
Ukraine		347			306			292			114		106		299
Uzbekistan		261			395			437			63		174		55
HQ		(325	)		(421	)		(1,291	)		28		27		16
Other		154			57			277			135		218		193

Total segments		3,587			3,232			2,875			1,791		1,741		2,034

The following table provides the reconciliation of consolidated Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income statement before tax for the years ended December 31:

	2017			2016			2015
Total Segments Adjusted EBITDA		3,587			3,232			2,875
Depreciation		(1,454	)		(1,439	)		(1,550	)
Amortization		(537	)		(497	)		(517	)
Impairment losses		(66	)		(192	)		(245	)
Loss on disposals of non-current assets		(24	)		(20	)		(39	)
Finance costs		(935	)		(830	)		(829	)
Finance income		95			69			52
Other non-operating losses, net		(97	)		(82	)		(42	)
Share of (loss) / profit of joint ventures and associates		(412	)		48			14
Impairment of joint ventures and associates		(110	)		(99	)		—
Net foreign exchange (loss) / (gain)		(71	)		157			(314	)

(Loss) / profit before tax		(24	)		347			(595	)

Geographical information of non-current assets

The total of non-current assets (other than financial instruments, investments in subsidiaries and deferred tax assets, which are included in Other, along with consolidation eliminations), broken down by location of the assets, is shown in the following tables:

	2017		2016*
Russia		5,969		6,116
Pakistan		1,840		2,169
Algeria		2,151		2,324
Bangladesh		988		1,104
Ukraine		552		556
Uzbekistan		213		509
HQ		55		38
Other		3,345		3,827

Total segments		15,113		16,643

* Amounts have been re-presented to conform with current year presentation.