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Basis of Presentation and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Basis of Presentation and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Basis of Presentation The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and footnotes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include depreciation of revenue earning equipment, pension and postretirement benefits, the recoverability of long-lived assets, useful lives and impairment of long-lived tangible and intangible assets including goodwill and trade name, accounting for income taxes, valuation of stock-based compensation, reserves for litigation and other contingencies, allowances for receivables and, prior to the Spin-Off, allocated general corporate expenses from THC, among others. Since the Spin-Off occurred on June 30, 2016, the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (this "Report") represent the carve-out financial results for the first six months of 2016, including Spin-Off impacts, and the actual results for the last six months of 2016 and all of 2017. Amounts included for the year ended December 31, 2015 represent carve-out financial results. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Herc Holdings and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In the event that the Company is a primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the variable interest entity are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company accounts for its investments in joint ventures using the equity method when it has significant influence but not control and is not the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Transactions between the Company and THC and its affiliates prior to the Spin-Off are herein referred to as "related party" or "affiliated" transactions. Effective with the Spin-Off on June 30, 2016, all then-existing transactions with THC and its affiliates were settled and paid in full. Effective upon the Spin-Off, the Company entered into certain agreements with New Hertz, including a transition services agreement ("TSA"). See Note 21, "Arrangements with New Hertz" for further information. For periods prior to the Spin-Off, the consolidated financial statements include net interest expense on loans receivable and payable to affiliates and expense allocations for certain corporate functions historically performed by THC, including, but not limited to, general corporate expenses related to finance, legal, information technology, human resources, communications, employee benefits and incentives, insurance and stock-based compensation. These expenses were allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of revenues, operating expenses, headcount or other relevant measures. Management believes the assumptions underlying the consolidated financial statements, including the assumptions regarding the allocation of corporate expenses from THC, are reasonable. Nevertheless, the consolidated financial statements may not include all of the expenses that would have been incurred had the Company been a stand-alone company during the periods presented and may not reflect the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows had the Company been a stand-alone company during the periods presented. Actual costs that would have been incurred if the Company had been a stand-alone company would have depended on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions made in various areas, including information technology and infrastructure. For additional information related to costs allocated to the Company by THC prior to the Spin-Off, see Note 20, "Related Party Transactions." Stock Split On June 30, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-15 reverse stock split. The reverse stock split reduced the number of authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock to 133.3 million and 13.3 million, respectively. All share data and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted for the reverse stock split in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for all periods presented. The retroactive adjustments resulted in the reclassification of $4.3 million from common stock to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statements of changes in equity at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Reclassification of Prior Period Presentation Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported consolidated balance sheets, results of operations, equity or cash flows for any period presented. Correction of Errors During the first quarter of 2017, the Company identified an error related to its classification of certain restricted cash. Accordingly, the Company revised its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 to correct the classification of $12.4 million from restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents as the cash was determined to be available for use in general operations. This correction impacted the consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016 by decreasing cash used in investing activities by $3.4 million and increasing cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the period by $9.0 million and $12.4 million, respectively. In addition, the Company corrected the classification of $9.0 million from restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2015 which impacted the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015 by increasing cash used in investing activities by $0.1 million and increasing cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the period by $9.1 million and $9.0 million, respectively. The Company assessed the materiality of the error from qualitative and quantitative perspectives and concluded the adjustments were not material to its previously issued annual and interim financial statements. There was no impact of this error on the consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statements of other comprehensive income (loss) or consolidated statement of equity for any period, including those presented in this Report. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Restricted cash and cash equivalents includes cash and cash equivalents that are not readily available for the Company's normal disbursements. Historically, restricted cash and cash equivalents were restricted for the purchase of revenue earning equipment under the Company's Like-Kind Exchange Program ("LKE Program"). As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "2017 Tax Act"), the Company ceased its LKE Program and therefore reflects zero restricted cash as of December 31, 2017. See "Income Taxes" below for additional information related to the LKE Program. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company's cash and cash equivalents are held in checking accounts, various investment grade institutional money market accounts or bank term deposits. Deposits held at banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions with reputable credit and therefore bear minimal credit risk. The Company seeks to mitigate such risks by spreading the risk across multiple counterparties and monitoring the risk profiles of these counterparties. In addition, the Company has credit risk from financial instruments used in hedging activities. The Company limits its exposure relating to financial instruments by diversifying the financial instruments among various counterparties, which consist of major financial institutions. No single customer accounted for more than 3% of the Company’s equipment rental revenue during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no single customer accounted for more than 3% of accounts receivable. Receivables Receivables are stated net of allowances and represent credit extended to customers and manufacturers that satisfy defined credit criteria. The estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company's historical experience and its judgment as to the likelihood of ultimate collection. Actual receivables are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company determines the balance will not be collected. Estimates for future credit memos are based on historical experience and are reflected as reductions to revenue, while the provision for bad debt is reflected as a component of "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Inventory Inventory is comprised of finished goods and consists of new equipment, supplies, tools, parts, fuel and related supply items. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined by inventory type on the average cost method. Revenue Earning Equipment Revenue earning equipment is stated at cost, net of related discounts, with holding periods ranging from two to 15 years. Generally, when revenue earning equipment is acquired, the Company estimates the period that it will hold the asset, primarily based on historical measures of the amount of rental activity (e.g. equipment usage) and the targeted age of equipment at the time of disposal. The Company also estimates the residual value of the applicable revenue earning equipment at the expected time of disposal. The residual value for rental equipment is affected by factors which include equipment age and amount of usage. Depreciation is recorded over the estimated holding period. Depreciation rates are reviewed on a quarterly basis based on management's ongoing assessment of present and estimated future market conditions, their effect on residual values at the time of disposal and the estimated holding periods. Market conditions for used equipment sales can also be affected by external factors such as the economy, natural disasters, fuel prices, supply of similar used equipment, the market price for similar new equipment and incentives offered by manufacturers of new equipment. These key factors are considered when estimating future residual values and assessing depreciation rates. As a result of this ongoing assessment, the Company makes periodic adjustments to depreciation rates of revenue earning equipment in response to changed market conditions. For certain equipment at or nearing the end of its useful life, the Company considers the option of refurbishing the equipment as an alternative to replacing it based upon the economics of each alternative. Refurbishment costs that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the asset. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the related assets or leases, whichever is shorter. Useful lives are as follows:
Buildings | 8 to 33 years
Service vehicles | 3 to 13 years
Machinery and equipment | 1 to 15 years
Computer equipment | 1 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures | 2 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements | The lesser of the economic life or the lease term
The Company follows the practice of charging routine maintenance and repairs, including the cost of minor replacements, to maintenance expense. Costs of major replacements are capitalized and depreciated. Leases The Company leases certain property and equipment used in operations. If the lease is considered an operating lease, it is not recorded on the balance sheet and rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Certain property and equipment are held under capital leases. These assets are included in property and equipment and depreciated over the term of the lease. Rent expense is not recognized for a capital lease. Rather, rental payments under the lease are recognized as a reduction of the capital lease obligation and interest expense. In certain instances, the Company may sell property and enter into an arrangement to lease the property back from the landlord. In these instances, the Company performs a sale-leaseback analysis to determine if the assets can be removed from the balance sheet. If certain criteria are met, the Company recognizes the transaction as a sale, removes the assets from its balance sheet and reflects the future rental payments as rent expense. If the criteria for sale is not met, such as available repurchase options or continuing involvement with the property, the Company is considered the owner for accounting purposes. In these instances, the Company is precluded from derecognizing the assets from its balance sheet and will continue to depreciate the assets over the expected lease term. In conjunction with these arrangements, the Company records a financing obligation equal to the cash proceeds or fair market value of the assets received from the landlord. Rent payments for these properties are recognized as interest expense and a reduction of the financing obligation using the effective interest method. At the end of the lease term, including exercise of any renewal options, the net remaining financing obligation over the net carrying value of the fixed asset will be recognized as a non-cash gain on sale of the property. Public Liability and Property Damage The obligation for public liability and property damage on self-insured U.S. and international equipment represents an estimate for both reported accident claims not yet paid, and claims incurred but not yet reported. The related liabilities are recorded on a non-discounted basis. Reserve requirements are based on actuarial evaluations of historical accident claim experience and trends, as well as future projections of ultimate losses, expenses, premiums and administrative costs. The adequacy of the liability is regularly monitored based on evolving accident claim history and insurance-related state legislation changes. If the Company's estimates change or if actual results differ from these assumptions, the amount of the recorded liability is adjusted to reflect these results. Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Employee Benefits The Company's employee pension costs and obligations are developed from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates, salary growth, long-term return on plan assets, retirement rates, mortality rates and other factors. The selection of assumptions is based on historical trends and known economic and market conditions at the time of valuation, as well as independent studies of trends performed by actuaries. However, actual results may differ substantially from the estimates that were based on the critical assumptions. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for all of the plans. Actual results that differ from the Company's assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect its recognized expense in such future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in assumptions would affect the Company's pension costs and obligations. The Company maintains reserves for employee medical claims, up to its insurance stop-loss limit, and workers' compensation claims. These are regularly evaluated and revised, as needed, based on a variety of information, including historical experience, actuarial estimates and current employee statistics. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions Assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date; income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates throughout the year. The related translation adjustments are reflected in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in the equity section of the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions are included in earnings. Financial Instruments The Company is exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company manages exposure to these market risks through ongoing processes to monitor the impact of market changes and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of financial instruments. Financial instruments are viewed as risk management tools and have not been used for speculative or trading purposes. The Company accounts for all derivatives in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires that they be recorded on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair value. For financial instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the Company designates the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of changes in fair value of financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for cash flow hedges are reclassified into earnings in the same period that the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges is recognized currently in earnings within the same line item as the hedged item, based upon the nature of the hedged item. For financial instruments that are not part of a qualified hedging relationship, the changes in their fair value are recognized currently in earnings. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets On an annual basis and at interim periods when circumstances require, the Company tests the recoverability of its goodwill. The Company has one reporting unit and compares the carrying value of its reporting unit to its fair value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than its fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment charge for the amount equal to that excess. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using a combination of an income approach on the present value of estimated future cash flows and a market approach based on published earnings multiples of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics as well as acquisition multiples paid in recent transactions. The Company’s discounted cash flows are based upon reasonable and appropriate assumptions, which are weighted for their likely probability of occurrence, about the underlying business activities of the Company. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, primarily our trade name, are not amortized but are evaluated annually for impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of this asset may exceed its fair value. If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Finite-Lived Intangible and Long-Lived Assets Intangible assets include customer relationships and technology. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from three to 10 years. Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the estimated fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell. Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue with Contracts from Customers ("Topic 606") became effective. Topic 606 is the new revenue recognition guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") as discussed below under "Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements." Topic 606 replaces ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition ("Topic 605"), which was the revenue recognition standard in effect during the three-year period ended December 31, 2017. The Company has historically recorded revenue under Topic 605 and ASC Topic 840, Leases, ("Topic 840"). The table below summarizes the Company's revenue by type and by the accounting standard used to determine the accounting (in millions).
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| Topic 840 |  | Topic 605 |  | Total |  | Topic 840 |  | Topic 605 |  | Total |  | Topic 840 |  | Topic 605 |  | Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment rental | $ | 1,372.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,372.3 |  |  | $ | 1,247.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,247.1 |  |  | $ | 1,305.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,305.9 |
Other rental revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delivery and pick-up | — |  |  | 75.2 |  |  | 75.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 66.9 |  |  | 66.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 73.6 |
Other | 51.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 51.5 |  |  | 38.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 38.7 |  |  | 32.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 32.2 |
Total other rental revenues | 51.5 |  |  | 75.2 |  |  | 126.7 |  |  | 38.7 |  |  | 66.9 |  |  | 105.6 |  |  | 32.2 |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 105.8 |
Total equipment rentals | 1,423.8 |  |  | 75.2 |  |  | 1,499.0 |  |  | 1,285.8 |  |  | 66.9 |  |  | 1,352.7 |  |  | 1,338.1 |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 1,411.7 |
Sales of revenue earning equipment | — |  |  | 190.8 |  |  | 190.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 122.5 |  |  | 122.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 161.2 |  |  | 161.2 |
Sales of new equipment, parts and supplies | — |  |  | 52.3 |  |  | 52.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 68.2 |  |  | 68.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 92.1 |  |  | 92.1 |
Service and other revenues | — |  |  | 12.4 |  |  | 12.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | 13.2 |
Total revenues | $ | 1,423.8 |  |  | $ | 330.7 |  |  | $ | 1,754.5 |  |  | $ | 1,285.8 |  |  | $ | 269.0 |  |  | $ | 1,554.8 |  |  | $ | 1,338.1 |  |  | $ | 340.1 |  |  | $ | 1,678.2 |
Topic 840 revenues Equipment rental Equipment rental revenue includes revenue generated from renting equipment to customers and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the length of the rental contract. Equipment is available for rent on a daily, weekly or monthly basis with most rental agreements cancellable upon return of the equipment. Also included in equipment rental revenue is re-rent revenue in which the Company will rent from vendors and then rent to its customers. Re-rent revenue is accounted for in the same manner as equipment rental revenue generated from the Company's owned revenue earning equipment. Provisions for discounts, rebates to customers and other adjustments are provided for in the period the related revenue is recorded. Other Other equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of fees for the rental protection program which allows customers to limit their risk of financial loss in the event the Company's equipment is damaged or lost and environmental charges associated with the rental of equipment. Topic 605 revenues Delivery and pick-up Delivery and pick-up revenue associated with renting equipment is recognized when the services are performed. Sales of revenue earning equipment, new equipment, parts and supplies Revenue from the sale of revenue earning equipment, new equipment, parts and supplies is recognized at the time the customer takes possession, when collectability is reasonably assured and when all obligations under the sales contract have been fulfilled. The Company generally recognizes revenue from the sale of new equipment purchased from other companies based on the gross amount billed as the Company establishes its own pricing and retains related inventory risk, is the primary obligor in sales transactions with its customers, and assumes the credit risk for amounts billed to its customers. Service and other Service and other revenue is primarily revenue earned from providing repair and maintenance to revenue earning equipment owned by the Company's customers. Service revenue is recognized as the services are performed. Sales tax amounts collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore excluded from revenue. Advertising Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed the first time the advertising or sales promotion takes place. Advertising costs are reflected as a component of "Selling, general and administrative" expense in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, advertising costs were $2.7 million, $3.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Stock Based Compensation Under the Company's stock based compensation plans, certain employees and members of the Company's board of directors have received grants of restricted stock units, performance stock units and stock options for Herc Holdings common stock. The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. That cost is recognized over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. The Company estimates the fair value of options issued at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which includes assumptions related to volatility, expected term, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate. The Company accounts for restricted stock unit and performance stock unit awards as equity classified awards. For restricted stock units, the expense is based on the grant date fair value of the stock and the number of shares that vest, recognized over the service period. For performance stock units, the expense is based on the grant date fair value of the stock, recognized over a service period depending upon the applicable performance condition. For performance stock units, the Company re-assesses the probability of achieving the applicable performance condition each reporting period and adjusts the recognition of expense accordingly. Income Taxes The Company’s operations are subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign income taxes, portions of which have historically been included in the Hertz Holdings consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, along with certain state and local and foreign income tax returns. In preparing its combined financial statements for periods prior to the Spin-Off, the Company has determined the tax provision for those operations that are included in the Hertz Holdings consolidated tax return on a separate company return basis, assuming that the Company had filed on a stand-alone basis separate from Hertz Holdings (“Separate Return Basis”). The current and deferred tax related balances and related tax carryforwards reflected in the Company’s combined financial statements for periods prior to the Spin-Off have been determined on a Separate Return Basis. As a result, the tax balances and carryforwards on the Company’s tax returns post Spin-Off, including net operating losses and tax credits, will be different from those reflected in the combined financial statements. In addition, as a consequence of the Company’s inclusion in the Hertz Holdings' consolidated income tax returns, the Company is severally liable, with other members of the consolidated group, for any additional taxes that may be assessed. There are no unrecognized tax benefits based on the Herc operations prior to the Spin-Off reflected in these combined financial statements. Herc's LKE Program was in place for several years. Pursuant to the program, Herc disposed of equipment and acquires replacement equipment in a form intended to allow such dispositions and replacements to qualify as tax-deferred "like-kind exchanges" pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code ("Section 1031"). The program had resulted in deferral of federal and state income taxes in prior years. The 2017 Tax Act eliminated the eligibility of personal property for Section 1031 treatment. The 2017 Tax Act also enacted an election to immediately expense all purchases of new and used personal property placed in service after September 27, 2017. As a result of the 2017 Tax Act, the Company ceased its LKE Program and therefore reflects zero restricted cash as of December 31, 2017. The Company applies the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), and computes the provision for income taxes on a Separate Return Basis. Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Subsequent changes to enacted tax rates and changes in the interpretations thereof will result in deferred taxes and any related valuation allowances. Provisions are not made for income taxes on undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States or are expected to be remitted free of taxes. Future distributions, if any, from these international subsidiaries to the United States or changes in U.S. tax rules may require a charge to reflect tax on these amounts. In accordance with ASC 740, the Company recognizes, in its consolidated financial statements, the impact of the Company's tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The 2017 Tax Act, which was enacted in December 2017, had a substantial impact on the income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company expects to meaningfully benefit from its enactment in future periods. See Note 13, "Income Taxes" for further detail. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted Simplifying the Subsequent Measurement of Inventory In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance that requires inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value (rather than cost or market), excluding inventory measured using the last-in, first-out method or the retail inventory method. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2017 in accordance with the effective date. Adoption of this guidance did not impact the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that eliminates the requirement to apply the equity method of accounting retrospectively when significant influence over a previously held investment is obtained. Rather, the guidance requires the investor to add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor’s previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method of accounting. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2017 in accordance with the effective date. Adoption of this guidance did not impact the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies several areas of employee share-based payment accounting, including: (i) eliminating tracking of tax "windfalls" in a separate pool within additional paid-in capital; instead, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recorded within income tax expense; (ii) eliminating the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before they can be recognized, which is required to be recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings with respect to which the Company recorded a $2.5 million adjustment upon adoption; (iii) presentation of excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows, which had no impact on the Company; (iv) presentation of employee taxes paid directly to a taxing authority when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows, which had no impact as the Company has historically followed this presentation and (v) making a policy election regarding treatment of forfeitures, with respect to which the Company will continue to estimate forfeitures. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2017 in accordance with the effective date. Adoption of this guidance did not impact the Company's consolidated statement of operations. Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities In August 2017, the FASB issued guidance that amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements to improve the transparency and understandability of information conveyed to financial statement users about an entity’s risk management activities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods therein; however, early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance in the third quarter of 2017 using a modified retrospective approach, as required, which did not have a significant impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the second step of the two-step impairment test. The guidance requires that an entity recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance in the fourth quarter of 2017 when it performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2017. Adoption of the guidance did not impact the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Not Yet Adopted Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance that will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The new guidance applies to all contracts with customers except for leases, insurance contracts, financial instruments, certain nonmonetary exchanges and certain guarantees. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. The new principles-based revenue recognition model requires an entity to perform five steps in its analysis: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Under the new guidance, performance obligations in a contract will be separately identified, which may impact the timing of recognition of the revenue allocated to each obligation. The measurement of revenue recognized may also be impacted by identification of new performance obligations and other matters, such as collectability and variable consideration. Also, additional disclosures are required about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. The new guidance may be adopted on either a full or modified retrospective basis. As originally issued, the guidance was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those reporting periods. However, in July 2015, the FASB agreed to defer the effective date until annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued clarifying guidance on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction, which impacts whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. In April 2016, the FASB issued guidance that reduces the complexity for identifying performance obligations and clarifies the implementation guidance on licensing for intellectual property. In May 2016, the FASB issued guidance that clarifies the collectability criterion, the presentation of sales taxes and non-cash consideration, and provides additional implementation practical expedients. The Company expects to adopt the new revenue guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company's accounting for equipment rental revenue is primarily outside of the scope of the new revenue guidance and will be evaluated under the new lease guidance, which is described further under the subheading "Leases" below. The Company's review of its revenue accounting with respect to sales of revenue earning equipment, sales of new equipment, parts and supplies and service and other revenue is ongoing; however, the Company does not believe this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements. Additionally, the Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements of the new revenue guidance which requires the Company to disaggregate revenue into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company has provided a disaggregation of its revenue under the heading "Revenue Recognition" above and anticipates it will disaggregate revenues consistent with this presentation upon adoption. The Company is also assessing the impact of the guidance on its internal control over financial reporting. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that replaces the existing lease guidance. The new guidance establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. This guidance also expands the requirements for lessees to record leases embedded in other arrangements and the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. Accounting guidance for lessors is largely unchanged. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods using a modified retrospective transition approach. The Company is in the process of assessing the potential impacts of adopting this guidance on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance to eliminate the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows, by adding or clarifying guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this guidance upon its effective date of January 1, 2018 and does not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on its cash flows. Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring restricted cash and cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this guidance upon its effective date of January 1, 2018 and does not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on its cash flows. Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring an entity to recognize upon transfer the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory, eliminating the current recognition exception. Two common examples of assets included in the scope of this standard are intellectual property and property, plant and equipment. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt this guidance upon its effective date of January 1, 2018 and does not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Costs In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs in the income statement and on the components eligible for capitalization. The guidance requires the reporting of the service cost component of the net periodic benefit costs in the same income statement line item as other components of net periodic costs arising from services rendered by an employee during the period, and that non-service cost components be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost components and outside a subtotal of income from operations. The guidance also allows for the capitalization of the service cost components, when applicable. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt this guidance upon its effective date of January 1, 2018. Adoption of this guidance will not have a significant impact on the Company's results of operations. Compensation - Stock Compensation In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance pursuant to which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the updated guidance, a modification is defined as a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award, and an entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all of the following are met:
1. | The fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation techniques that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification.
2. | The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified.
3. | The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified.
This guidance requires prospective adoption and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this guidance upon its effective date of January 1, 2018 and does not expect the guidance to have a significant impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance that allows reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for certain tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Act that would otherwise be stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the potential impacts of adopting this guidance on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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