10-Q 1 a16-15801_110q.htm 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended July 31, 2016

or

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File Number 001-31756

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 13-1947195
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Church Street, Suite 201, Rockville, Maryland 20850

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(301) 315-0027

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year,

if Changed since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one).

Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer x | Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common stock, $0.15 par value: 15,032,469 shares as of September 1, 2016.

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ARGAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

July 31, 2016

INDEX

|  |  | Page No.
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements. |  | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 |  | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — July 31 and January 31, 2016 |  | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 |  | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |  | 19
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. |  | 31
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. |  | 32
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |  | 32
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings. |  | 32
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |  | 33
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. |  | 33
Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities. |  | 33
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures (not applicable to the Registrant). |  |
Item 5. | Other Information. |  | 33
Item 6. | Exhibits. |  | 33
SIGNATURES |  | 34
CERTIFICATIONS |  |

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ARGAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power industry services |  | $ | 143,422 |  | $ | 93,471 |  | $ | 251,521 |  | $ | 176,355 |
Industrial fabrication and field services |  | 17,327 |  | — |  | 37,737 |  | — |
Telecommunications infrastructure services |  | 1,746 |  | 3,963 |  | 3,585 |  | 6,566 |
Revenues |  | 162,495 |  | 97,434 |  | 292,843 |  | 182,921 |
COST OF REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power industry services |  | 100,035 |  | 66,136 |  | 183,733 |  | 128,515 |
Industrial fabrication and field services |  | 17,117 |  | — |  | 34,105 |  | — |
Telecommunications infrastructure services |  | 1,331 |  | 2,805 |  | 2,691 |  | 4,746 |
Cost of revenues |  | 118,483 |  | 68,941 |  | 220,529 |  | 133,261 |
GROSS PROFIT |  | 44,012 |  | 28,493 |  | 72,314 |  | 49,660 |
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |  | 1,979 |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 7,534 |  | 4,848 |  | 14,581 |  | 10,387 |
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS |  | 34,499 |  | 23,645 |  | 55,754 |  | 39,273 |
Other income, net |  | 556 |  | 128 |  | 593 |  | 212 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  | 35,055 |  | 23,773 |  | 56,347 |  | 39,485 |
Income tax expense |  | 11,756 |  | 7,939 |  | 18,928 |  | 12,800 |
NET INCOME |  | 23,299 |  | 15,834 |  | 37,419 |  | 26,685 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 3,625 |  | 4,527 |  | 5,515 |  | 7,875 |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ARGAN, INC. |  | 19,674 |  | 11,307 |  | 31,904 |  | 18,810 |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME, NET OF TAX |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax |  | (511 | ) | (6 | ) | 134 |  | (6 | )
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ARGAN, INC. |  | $ | 19,163 |  | $ | 11,301 |  | $ | 32,038 |  | $ | 18,804 |
EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ARGAN, INC. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.32 |  | $ | 0.77 |  | $ | 2.14 |  | $ | 1.28 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.29 |  | $ | 0.75 |  | $ | 2.09 |  | $ | 1.26 |
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 14,939 |  | 14,747 |  | 14,899 |  | 14,693 |
Diluted |  | 15,278 |  | 15,003 |  | 15,231 |  | 14,952 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARGAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

|  | July 31, 2016 |  | January 31, 2016 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Note 1) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 162,855 |  | $ | 160,909 |
Short-term investments |  | 220,297 |  | 114,098 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 32,706 |  | 64,185 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |  | 3,052 |  | 4,078 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 5,004 |  | 7,342 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  | 423,914 |  | 350,612 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 13,122 |  | 12,308 |
Goodwill |  | 34,780 |  | 37,405 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 8,738 |  | 9,344 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 435 |  | — |
Other assets |  | 105 |  | 122 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 481,094 |  | $ | 409,791 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 60,207 |  | $ | 46,395 |
Accrued expenses |  | 42,362 |  | 35,454 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings |  | 121,130 |  | 105,863 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  | 223,699 |  | 187,712 |
Deferred income taxes |  | — |  | 224 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 223,699 |  | 187,936 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 11) |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share — 500 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |  | — |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.15 per share — 30,000 shares authorized; 15,035 and 14,840 shares issued at July 31 and January 31, 2016, respectively; 15,032 and 14,836 shares outstanding at July 31 and January 31, 2016, respectively |  | 2,255 |  | 2,226 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 122,732 |  | 117,274 |
Retained earnings |  | 131,485 |  | 99,581 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses |  | (431 | ) | (565 | )
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  | 256,041 |  | 218,516 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 1,354 |  | 3,339 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  | 257,395 |  | 221,855 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  | $ | 481,094 |  | $ | 409,791 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARGAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 37,419 |  | $ | 26,685 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |
Stock option compensation expense |  | 1,270 |  | 1,057 |
Depreciation |  | 918 |  | 258 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | 521 |  | 164 |
Other |  | (213 | ) | (79 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | 31,484 |  | (5,774 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | (993 | ) | (1,133 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 24,029 |  | (4,232 | )
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, net |  | 16,293 |  | (46,032 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | 112,707 |  | (29,086 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of short-term investments |  | (220,000 | ) | (133,000 | )
Maturities of short-term investments |  | 114,000 |  | 16,000 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net |  | (1,612 | ) | (2,503 | )
Purchase of APC, net of cash acquired |  | — |  | (4,210 | )
Increase in notes receivable |  | — |  | (605 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (107,612 | ) | (124,318 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |
Distributions to joint venture partners |  | (7,500 | ) | — |
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options |  | 4,217 |  | 1,000 |
Excess income tax benefit on exercised stock options (Note 2) |  | — |  | 356 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (3,283 | ) | 1,356 |
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH |  | 134 |  | 493 |
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |  | 1,946 |  | (151,555 | )
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD |  | 160,909 |  | 333,691 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD |  | $ | 162,855 |  | $ | 182,136 |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 13,939 |  | $ | 10,703 |
Common stock issued in connection with the acquisition of APC (noncash transaction, see Note 3) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,536 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ARGAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JULY 31, 2016

(Tabular amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of the Business

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Argan, Inc. (“Argan”), its wholly owned subsidiaries, its majority-controlled joint ventures and any variable interest entities for which Argan or one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Argan conducts operations through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Gemma Power Systems, LLC and affiliates (“GPS”), which provided 84% and 95% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively; The Roberts Company (“TRC”); Atlantic Projects Company Limited and affiliates (“APC”) and Southern Maryland Cable, Inc. (“SMC”). Argan and these consolidated subsidiaries are hereinafter cumulatively referred to as the “Company.”

Through GPS and APC, the Company provides a full range of engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning, operations management, maintenance, development, technical and consulting services to the power generation and renewable energy markets for a wide range of customers including independent power project owners, public utilities, power plant equipment suppliers and global energy plant construction firms. GPS, including its consolidated joint ventures and variable interest entities, and APC represent our power industry services reportable segment. Through TRC, the industrial fabrication and field services reportable segment produces, delivers and installs fabricated steel components specializing in pressure vessels, heat exchangers and piping systems for industrial plants primarily located in the southern United States. In addition, TRC includes a plant services group that handles maintenance turnarounds, shutdowns and emergency mobilizations. Through SMC, the telecommunications infrastructure services segment provides project management, construction, installation and maintenance services to commercial, local government and federal government customers primarily in the mid-Atlantic region.

Basis of Presentation

In Note 16, the Company has provided certain financial information relating to the operating results and assets of its reportable segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company’s financial reporting for purposes of making internal operating decisions. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31 of each year.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2016, the condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, considered necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2016, and its earnings and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto (including the summary of significant accounting policies), and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report thereon that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016.

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Revenue Recognition — Revenues are recognized primarily under various construction contracts, including contracts for which revenues are based on either a fixed price, cost-plus-fee or time and materials basis, with typical durations of three months to three years. Revenues from fixed price construction contracts, including a portion of estimated profit, are recognized as services are provided, based on costs incurred and estimated total contract costs using the percentage of completion method. Revenues from cost-plus-fee construction contracts are recognized on the basis of costs incurred during the period plus the fee earned, measured using the cost-to-cost method. Revenues from time and materials contracts are recognized when the related services are provided to the customer. Changes to total estimated contract costs or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined.

Unapproved change orders, which represent contract variations for which the Company has project owner approval for scope changes but not for the price associated with the scope changes, are reflected in revenues when it is probable that the applicable costs will be recovered through a change in the contract price. The total amount of unapproved change orders included in the total contract value amounts used to determine revenues as of July 31, 2016 was $4.0 million. Disputed change orders that are unapproved in regard to both scope and price are considered claims. The Company recognizes revenues related to a claim only when an agreement on the amount has been reached with the project owner.

The Company’s long-term contracts typically have schedule dates and other performance obligations that if not achieved could subject the Company to penalties for liquidated damages. These contract requirements generally relate to specified activities that must be completed by an established date or by achievement of a specified level of output or efficiency. Each contract defines the conditions under which a project owner may make a claim for liquidated damages. However, in some instances, liquidated damages are not asserted by the project owner, but the potential to do so is used in the negotiation or settlement of claims and the closing-out of the contract. During the three months ended July 31, 2016, the Company reached a settlement regarding $12.9 million in liquidated damages related to one project. As of July 31, 2016, it is no longer subject to these liquidated damages. In general, the Company considers potential liquidated damages, the costs of other related items and potential mitigating factors in determining the adequacy of its estimates of completed contract costs.

Fair Values — The carrying value amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, notes receivable and accounts payable are reasonable estimates of their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value amounts of business segments (as needed for purposes of identifying indications of impairment to goodwill) are determined by averaging valuations that are calculated using several market-based and income-based approaches deemed appropriate in the circumstances (see Note 8).

NOTE 2 — RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There are no recently issued accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted that the Company considers material to its consolidated financial statements except for the standards identified below relating to revenue recognition and leases.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued a final standard on revenue recognition, Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), in order to create a new, principles-based revenue recognition framework that may affect nearly every revenue-generating entity. As delayed by the FASB, ASU 2014-09 becomes effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.

The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements including which of the alternative application approaches available under the standard will be utilized for its adoption. Entities are permitted to apply the new standard either retrospectively, subject to certain practical expedients, or through an alternative transition method that requires the application of the guidance only to contracts that are uncompleted on the date of initial application. To date, the Company has examined a contract that it believes is representative of the contracts that will be in place at the date of adoption and has come to preliminary conclusions on the impact of ASU 2014-09 on revenues using the 5-step process prescribed by ASU 2014-09. It does not believe that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have a significant impact on its revenue recognition patterns as compared to revenue recognition under the existing revenue guidance, assuming that contract structures similar to those in place are in effect at the time of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2014-09. The Company will continue to evaluate the impacts of ASU 2014-09 through the date of adoption to ensure that its preliminary conclusions continue to remain accurate. Additionally, the Company is continuing its assessment of ASU 2014-09’s impact on its financial statement disclosures and will provide further information on any required changes to disclosures as they are identified.

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Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases, which amends the existing guidance and which will require recognition of operating leases with lease terms of more than twelve months on the balance sheet. For these leases, companies will record assets for the rights and liabilities for the obligations that are created by the leases. The pronouncement will require disclosures that provide qualitative and quantitative information for the lease assets and liabilities recorded in the financial statements. Although the adoption of this pronouncement, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, will affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company has not yet determined the complete extent or significance of the changes.

Stock Options

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, as part of its simplification initiative. The simplifications in this pronouncement affect several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, the classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the presentation of the statement of cash flows. In the past, the Company determined for each stock option award whether the difference between the deduction for income tax reporting purposes created at the time of stock option exercise and the related compensation cost previously recorded for financial reporting purposes resulted in either an excess income tax benefit or an income tax deficiency. Excess income tax benefits were recorded as additions to the additional paid-in capital account; income tax deficiencies have not been material for the Company. Under the new guidance, all excess income tax benefits and income tax deficiencies will be recognized accordingly as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement. The income tax effects will be treated as discrete items in the quarterly reporting period in which they occur. Unlike current practice, excess tax benefits will be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity. As permitted, the Company adopted the new pronouncement in the current quarter, effective as of February 1, 2016, with the primary effects being the reductions of income tax expense for the three and six months ended in the amounts of $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Deferred Income Taxes

Late in 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which eliminates the current requirement for organizations to present deferred tax assets and liabilities as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Instead, organizations will be required to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. Implementation of this new standard is required for public entities for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. As permitted, the new guidance was early adopted by the Company in the current quarterly reporting period using a retrospective approach. Accordingly, deferred tax assets in the amount of $1.1 million that were previously included in current assets as of January 31, 2016 were reclassified and reflected in the net balance of deferred income tax liabilities classified as noncurrent in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2016 included herein.

NOTE 3 — BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

On December 4, 2015, the Company acquired TRC, including its consolidated subsidiaries, in a business combination that was completed pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement. TRC is principally an industrial fabricator and constructor serving both light and heavy industrial organizations primarily in the southern United States. Consideration included a $0.5 million cash payment. In addition, the Company made cash payments totaling $15.6 million on the closing date in order to retire the outstanding bank debt of TRC and certain leases.

On May 29, 2015, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company purchased 100% of the outstanding capital of APC, a private company incorporated in the Republic of Ireland. This business combination was completed pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 11, 2015 (the “SPA”). Including its affiliated companies, APC provides turbine, boiler and large rotating equipment installation, commissioning and outage services to original equipment manufacturers, global construction firms and plant owners worldwide. The fair value of the consideration transferred to the former owners of APC was $11.1 million including a liability in the amount of $1.1 million representing cash held back until the expiration of the escrow period. The Company is entitled to retain an amount to cover any shortfall in the amount of the acquired net worth of APC, as defined in the SPA. During the three months ended July 31, 2016, the Company made a payment of previously escrowed funds to the former owners in the amount of $0.9 million.

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Both business combinations were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, with Argan as the acquirer. The results of operations for APC and Roberts have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements since the corresponding acquisition dates.

NOTE 4 — SPECIAL PURPOSE ENTITIES

Construction Joint Ventures

GPS assigned its contracts for the engineering, procurement and construction of two natural gas-fired power plants (the “EPC Contracts”), known as Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot, to two separate joint ventures that were formed in order to perform the work for the applicable project and to spread the bonding risk of each project. The joint venture partner for both projects is a large, heavy civil contracting firm. The corresponding joint venture agreements, as amended, provide that GPS has the majority interest in any profits, losses, assets and liabilities resulting from the performance of the EPC Contracts. GPS has no significant commitments under these arrangements beyond those related to the completion of the EPC Contracts including the provision of services under the related warranty obligations. Substantial completion of the two projects, as defined by each EPC Contract, was achieved in April 2016 and June 2016, respectively.

Due to the financial control of GPS, the accounts of the joint ventures have been included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements since the commencement of contract activities near the end of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014. The shares of the profits of the joint ventures, including the majority portion attributable to the stockholders of Argan, have been determined based on the percentages by which the Company believes profits will ultimately be shared by the joint venture partners.

Moxie Freedom LLC

In August 2014, Gemma Power, Inc. (“GPI”), which is included in the group of companies identified above as “GPS” and is wholly owned by Argan, entered into a Development Loan Agreement (the “DLA”) with Moxie Freedom LLC (“Moxie Freedom”), a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that was wholly owned by Moxie Energy, LLC (“Moxie”), a power facility project development firm. The financial support provided by GPI covered a significant portion of the costs for Moxie Freedom to develop a large natural gas-fired power plant.

Under the DLA, GPI made development loans to Moxie Freedom that totaled $4.3 million, including $1.7 million in loans made during the six months ended July 31, 2015; such loans earned interest based on an annual rate of 20%. In November 2015, Moxie sold a substantial portion of its ownership interest in Moxie Freedom, GPI received repayment of its development loans in full and $0.6 million in accrued interest, GPI received a development success fee in the amount of $4.3 million, and GPS received a full notice-to-proceed with activities pursuant to the corresponding EPC contract.

Pursuant to a participation agreement, an equipment supplier to Moxie Freedom provided GPI with 40% of the funding for the development loans made to Moxie Freedom that totaled $1.7 million. Under the applicable accounting guidance, the funding provided to GPI was treated as a secured borrowing including $0.7 million borrowed during the six months ended July 31, 2015. Interest payable to the supplier accrued based on an annual rate of 20% and the supplier was entitled to receive 40% of any development success fee earned by GPI in connection with the permanent financing and/or sale of the project. In November 2015, all amounts due under the participation agreement were paid by GPI including principal and interest in the total amount of $1.9 million and the supplier’s share of the development success fee in the amount of $1.7 million.

Through its arrangements with Moxie Freedom, the Company was deemed to be the primary beneficiary of this VIE entity at its inception. However, Moxie Freedom substantially completed its project development efforts during 2015 and financial support was thereafter provided substantially by the pending investor. As a result, the Company was no longer the primary beneficiary of the VIE and it was deconsolidated during the quarter ended July 31, 2015. The primary effects of the deconsolidation were the elimination of the capitalized project costs from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet ($4.9 million) and the addition to the consolidated balance sheet of the notes receivable from Moxie Freedom and related accrued interest. For reporting periods prior to the deconsolidation, the amounts of GPI’s notes receivable from Moxie Freedom and the corresponding amounts of accrued interest and interest income were eliminated in consolidation. The deconsolidation resulted in a pre-tax gain which was included in the statements of earnings for the three and six months ended July 31, 2015 in the amount of $0.3 million.

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NOTE 5 — CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments as of July 31 and January 31, 2016 consisted solely of certificates of deposit purchased from the Bank of America (the “Bank”) with original maturities greater than three months but less than twelve months (the “CDs”). The Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities until they mature, and they are carried at cost plus accrued interest which approximates fair value. The total carrying value amounts as of July 31 and January 31, 2016 included accrued interest of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Interest income is recorded when earned and is included in other income, net. As of July 31, 2016, the weighted average annual interest rate on the Company’s short-term investment CDs was 0.81%.

The Company has cash on deposit in excess of federally insured limits at the Bank, has purchased CDs and has liquid mutual fund investments at the Bank. Management does not believe that maintaining substantially all such assets with the Bank represents a material risk.

The amount of cash and cash equivalents included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2016 included $38.4 million held by the consolidated joint venture entities that are discussed in Note 4 above that will be used to cover any remaining future construction costs incurred under the corresponding EPC Contracts and the remaining earnings distributions to the joint venture partners.

NOTE 6 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Amounts retained by project owners under construction contracts and included in accounts receivable at July 31 and January 31, 2016 were $17.8 million and $44.6 million, respectively. Such retainage amounts represent funds withheld by project owners until a defined phase of a contract or project has been completed and accepted by the project owner. Retention amounts and the length of retention periods may vary. Most of the amount outstanding as of July 31, 2016 relates to active projects and will not be collected until calendar year 2018. Retainage amounts related to active contracts are classified as current assets regardless of the term of the applicable contract and amounts are generally collected by the completion of the applicable contract.

Due to the circumstances described in Note 8 below, APC wrote-off its account receivable from the project owner in the amount of $0.8 million during the three-month period ended July 31, 2016. The amounts of the allowance for uncollectible accounts at July 31 and January 31, 2016 were not material. There were no provisions for trade accounts receivable losses recorded during the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 or 2015.

NOTE 7 — COSTS, ESTIMATED EARNINGS AND BILLINGS ON UNCOMPLETED CONTRACTS

The table below sets forth the aggregate amounts of costs charged to and earnings accrued on uncompleted contracts compared with the billings on those contracts through July 31 and January 31, 2016.

|  | July 31, |  | January 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2016 |
Costs charged to uncompleted contracts |  | $ | 888,854 |  | $ | 764,071 |
Estimated accrued earnings |  | 175,760 |  | 116,326 |
|  | 1,064,614 |  | 880,397 |
Less - billings to date |  | 1,182,692 |  | 982,182 |
|  | $ | (118,078 | ) | $ | (101,785 | )

Amounts above are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

|  | July 31, |  | January 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2016 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |  | $ | 3,052 |  | $ | 4,078 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings |  | 121,130 |  | 105,863 |
|  | $ | (118,078 | ) | $ | (101,785 | )

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Contract costs charged as of July 31, 2016 included amounts billed to the Company for delivered goods and services totaling $10.9 million where payments have been retained; retained amounts were included in the Company’s accounts payable as of July 31, 2016. Such amounts are expected to be paid prior to the completion of the applicable project.

NOTE 8 — PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

At July 31, 2016, the goodwill balances related to the acquisitions of GPS, TRC and APC were $18.5 million, $14.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

In July 2016, construction work was suspended on APC’s largest project, which reflected over 90% of its contract backlog. Additionally, APC’s primary market is the United Kingdom, which voted to leave the European Union on June 23, 2016 (“Brexit”). The resulting sterling pound drop, financial market uncertainty and recessionary pressures will likely impact the availability of financing for future power plant developments in the United Kingdom. APC’s second largest market is the Middle East, which has experienced decreased project activity due to capital constraints, resulting from decreased oil revenues. APC reported a loss for the quarter ended July 31, 2016, and will likely incur losses for the remainder of the year. Given the events above, interim analyses were performed in order to determine whether an impairment loss had occurred related to the goodwill. Using the income and market approaches, the assessment analyses indicated that the carrying value of the business exceeded its fair value. As a result, APC recorded an estimated impairment loss related to goodwill of approximately $2.0 million that has been reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016. No impairment loss occurred during the comparable prior year periods.

Intangible assets, other than goodwill, consisted of the following amounts at July 31 and January 31, 2016:

|  |  |  | July 31, 2016 |  | January 31, |
|  | Estimated Useful Life |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Amount |  | 2016 Net Amount |
Trade Names |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TRC |  | Indefinite |  | $ | 4,499 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,499 |  | $ | 4,499 |
GPS |  | 15 years |  | 3,643 |  | 2,343 |  | 1,300 |  | 1,421 |
SMC |  | Indefinite |  | 181 |  | — |  | 181 |  | 181 |
Process Certifications |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TRC |  | 7 years |  | 1,897 |  | 181 |  | 1,716 |  | 1,852 |
Customer Relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TRC |  | 10 years |  | 916 |  | 61 |  | 855 |  | 901 |
APC |  | 4 years |  | 430 |  | 274 |  | 156 |  | 371 |
Other Intangibles |  | various |  | 288 |  | 257 |  | 31 |  | 119 |
Totals |  |  |  | $ | 11,854 |  | $ | 3,116 |  | $ | 8,738 |  | $ | 9,344 |

Amortization expense was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and was $0.5 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

NOTE 9 — PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following at July 31 and January 31, 2016:

|  | July 31, |  | January 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2016 |
Land and improvements |  | $ | 863 |  | $ | 863 |
Buildings and improvements |  | 5,156 |  | 5,111 |
Furniture, machinery and equipment |  | 9,685 |  | 8,510 |
Trucks and other vehicles |  | 3,263 |  | 2,906 |
|  | 18,967 |  | 17,390 |
Less - accumulated depreciation |  | 5,845 |  | 5,082 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 13,122 |  | $ | 12,308 |

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Depreciation expense amounts were $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and were approximately $0.9 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company also uses equipment and occupies facilities under non-cancelable operating leases and other rental agreements. Rent incurred on construction projects and included in the costs of revenues was $2.6 million and $3.8 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and was $5.7 million and $8.4 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Rent expense amounts included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 were not material.

NOTE 10 — FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

The Company maintains financing arrangements with the Bank that are described in a Replacement Credit Agreement, effective August 10, 2015 (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which superseded the Company’s prior arrangements with the Bank, provides a revolving loan with a maximum borrowing amount of $10.0 million that is available until May 31, 2018 with interest at the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.00%. The Company may also use the borrowing ability to cover standby letters of credit issued by the Bank for the Company’s use in the ordinary course of business. There were no actual borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of July 31 or January 31, 2016. Borrowing availability in the total amount of approximately $4.4 million has been designated to cover several letters of credit issued by the Bank, with expiration dates ranging from September 23, 2016 to January 8, 2017, to cover insurance exposures and in support of the project development activities of a potential power plant owner.

The Company has pledged the majority of its assets to secure the financing arrangements. The Bank’s consent is not required for acquisitions, divestitures, cash dividends or significant investments as long as certain conditions are met. The Bank requires that the Company comply with certain financial covenants at its fiscal year-end and at each of its fiscal quarter-ends. As of July 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of the Credit Agreement.

The commercial bank that supports the activities of TRC has issued two outstanding irrevocable letters of credit on its behalf in the amounts of $0.5 million and $0.4 million with current expiration dates of June 30 and August 31, 2017, respectively, which are secured by a lien on the owned facility of TRC.

NOTE 11 — CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of business, the Company may have pending claims and legal proceedings. It is the opinion of management, based on information available at this time, that there are no current claims and proceedings that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements other than the one discussed below. The material amounts of any legal fees expected to be incurred in connection with legal matters are accrued when such amounts are estimable.

PPS Engineers Matter

On February 1, 2016, TRC was sued in Person County, North Carolina, by a subcontractor, PPS Engineers, Inc. (“PPS”), in an attempt to force TRC to pay invoices for services rendered. The amount claimed by PPS in this lawsuit approximates $0.7 million. PPS has placed liens on the property of the customers where work was performed by PPS and it has also filed a claim against the bond issued on behalf of TRC relating to one significant project located in Tennessee in the amount of $1.6 million. On March 4, 2016, TRC filed responses to the claims of PPS. The positions of TRC are that PPS failed to deliver a number of items required by the applicable contract between the parties and that the invoices rendered by PPS covering the disputed services will not be paid until such deliverables are supplied. Further, TRC maintains that certain sums are owed to it by PPS for services, furniture, fixtures, equipment, and software that were supplied by TRC on behalf of PPS that total $2.2 million. The amounts invoiced by PPS were accrued by TRC and the corresponding liability amount was included in accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2016. TRC has not recorded an account receivable for the amounts it believes are owed to it by PPS.

The Company intends to defend against the claim of PPS and to pursue its claims against PPS with vigorous efforts. Due to the uncertainty of the ultimate outcomes of these legal proceedings, assurance cannot be provided by the Company that TRC will be successful in these efforts. Management does not believe that resolution of the matters discussed above will result in additional loss with material negative effect on the Company’s consolidated operating results in a future reporting period.

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Self-Insurance

TRC has elected to retain portions of future losses, if any, through the use of self-insurance for exposures related to workers’ compensation and employee health insurance claims. Liabilities in excess of contractually limited amounts are the responsibility of an insurance carrier. To the extent that the Company is self-insured for these exposures, including claims incurred but not reported, liabilities have been accrued based upon the Company’s best estimates, with input from legal and insurance advisors. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause these estimates to change in the near-term. Management believes that reasonably possible losses, if any, for these matters, to the extent not otherwise disclosed and net of recorded accruals, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future results of operations, financial position or cash flow. At July 31 and January 31, 2016, the aggregate amounts established to cover self-insured losses were included in the balances of accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Warranty Costs

Many of the Company’s construction contracts contain warranty provisions covering defects in equipment, materials, design or workmanship that generally run from six to eighteen months after the completion of construction. Because of the nature of the Company’s projects, including project owner inspections of the work both during construction and prior to substantial completion, we have not experienced material unexpected warranty costs. However, provision for estimated warranty costs, (if any) is made in the period in which such costs become probable and is periodically adjusted to reflect actual experience. Warranty costs are estimated based on the Company’s experience with the type of work and any known risks relative to each completed project. At July 31 and January 31, 2016, the amounts established to cover future warranty costs under completed EPC contracts were included in the balances of accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 12 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

As of July 31, 2016, there were approximately 1.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the Company’s stock option plans, including approximately 0.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock available for future awards under the Stock Plan.

Summaries of activity under the Company’s stock option plans for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, along with the corresponding weighted average per share amounts, are presented below (shares in thousands):

|  | Shares |  | Exercise Price |  | Remaining Term (years) |  | Fair Value |
Outstanding, February 1, 2016 |  | 1,064 |  | $ | 26.38 |  | 6.36 |  | $ | 6.91 |
Granted |  | 105 |  | $ | 36.09 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (195 | ) | $ | 21.59 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, July 31, 2016 |  | 974 |  | $ | 28.39 |  | 7.03 |  | $ | 7.51 |
Exercisable, July 31, 2016 |  | 704 |  | $ | 25.55 |  | 6.55 |  | $ | 6.85 |

|  | Shares |  | Exercise Price |  | Remaining Term (years) |  | Fair Value |
Outstanding, February 1, 2015 |  | 876 |  | $ | 22.34 |  | 7.08 |  | $ | 6.01 |
Granted |  | 135 |  | $ | 33.62 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (59 | ) | $ | 16.82 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (6 | ) | $ | 17.33 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, July 31, 2015 |  | 946 |  | $ | 24.33 |  | 7.20 |  | $ | 6.53 |
Exercisable, July 31, 2015 |  | 686 |  | $ | 20.85 |  | 6.60 |  | $ | 5.71 |

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The changes in the number of non-vested options to purchase shares of common stock for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, and the weighted average fair value per share for each number, are presented below (shares in thousands):

|  | Shares |  | Fair Value |
Nonvested, February 1, 2016 |  | 300 |  | $ | 8.97 |
Granted |  | 105 |  | $ | 9.66 |
Vested |  | (135 | ) | $ | 8.99 |
Nonvested, July 31, 2016 |  | 270 |  | $ | 9.22 |

|  | Shares |  | Fair Value |
Nonvested, February 1, 2015 |  | 306 |  | $ | 7.14 |
Granted |  | 135 |  | $ | 8.99 |
Vested |  | (181 | ) | $ | 6.28 |
Nonvested, July 31, 2015 |  | 260 |  | $ | 8.70 |

Compensation expense amounts related to stock options were $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and were $1.3 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. At July 31, 2016, there was $1.1 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options. The Company expects to recognize the compensation expense for these awards within the next twelve months. The total intrinsic values of the stock options exercised during the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 were $3.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively. At July 31, 2016, the aggregate market values of the shares of common stock subject to outstanding and exercisable stock options exceeded the aggregate exercise prices of such options by $17.3 million and $14.5 million, respectively.

The fair value of each stock option granted in the six-month periods ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 was estimated on the corresponding date of award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following weighted average assumptions:

|  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Dividend yield |  | 1.96 | % | 2.09 | %
Expected volatility |  | 33.85 | % | 34.80 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  | 1.36 | % | 1.43 | %
Expected life (in years) |  | 5.50 |  | 5.22 |

NOTE 13 — INCOME TAXES

The Company’s income tax expense amounts for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 differed from the expected income tax expense amounts computed by applying the federal corporate income tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes for the periods as shown in the table below.

|  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Computed expected income tax expense |  | $ | 19,721 |  | $ | 13,820 |
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit |  | 2,075 |  | 2,120 |
Permanent differences, net |  | (3,896 | ) | (2,955 | )
Other, net |  | 1,028 |  | (185 | )
|  | $ | 18,928 |  | $ | 12,800 |

For the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, the favorable income tax effects of permanent differences related primarily to the exclusion from taxable income of the income attributable to noncontrolling interest entities (which are considered partnerships for income tax reporting purposes), the domestic manufacturing deduction, and the recognition of the excess income tax benefits associated with stock options exercised during the current year, all offset partially in the current period by the unfavorable income tax effect of the impairment loss. For the six months ended July 31, 2016, the largest other reconciling item was the unfavorable foreign income tax rate differential.

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As of July 31, 2016, the amount in the condensed consolidated balance sheet presented for accrued expenses included accrued income taxes in the amount of $1.8 million. The amount presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2016 for prepaid expenses included income tax overpayments of $3.3 million. As of July 31, 2016, the Company does not believe that it has any material uncertain income tax positions reflected in its accounts. The income tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities as of July 31 and January 31, 2016 included the following:

|  | July 31, |  | January 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2016 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards |  | $ | 3,103 |  | $ | 3,345 |
Stock options |  | 2,323 |  | 2,354 |
Purchased intangibles |  | 1,763 |  | 1,905 |
Accrued expenses |  | 2,310 |  | 2,144 |
Other |  | 1,049 |  | 328 |
|  | 10,548 |  | 10,076 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Construction contracts |  | $ | (3,282 | ) | $ | (3,681 | )
Purchased intangibles |  | (4,421 | ) | (4,375 | )
Property and equipment and other |  | (2,410 | ) | (2,244 | )
|  | (10,113 | ) | (10,300 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  | $ | 435 |  | $ | (224 | )

The Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets, including those related to the NOLs discussed above, depends primarily upon the generation of sufficient future taxable income to allow for the utilization of the Company’s deductible temporary differences and tax planning strategies. If such estimates and assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record additional valuation allowances against some or all of its deferred tax assets resulting in additional income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statement of earnings. At this time, based substantially on the strong earnings performance of the Company’s power industry services reporting segment, management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States of America, the Republic of Ireland and in various other state and foreign jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company is no longer subject to federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for its fiscal years ended on or before January 31, 2011 except for a few notable exceptions including the Republic of Ireland and California where the open periods are one year longer.

NOTE 14 — EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ARGAN, INC.

Reconciliations of weighted average basic shares outstanding to weighted average diluted shares outstanding and the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows (shares in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Net income attributable to the stockholders of Argan, Inc. |  | $ | 19,674 |  | $ | 11,307 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic |  | 14,939 |  | 14,747 |
Effect of stock options (1) |  | 339 |  | 256 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted |  | 15,278 |  | 15,003 |
Net income per share attributable to the stockholders of Argan, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.32 |  | $ | 0.77 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.29 |  | $ | 0.75 |

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|  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Net income attributable to the stockholders of Argan, Inc. |  | $ | 31,904 |  | $ | 18,810 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic |  | 14,899 |  | 14,693 |
Effect of stock options (1) |  | 332 |  | 259 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted |  | 15,231 |  | 14,952 |
Net income per share attributable to the stockholders of Argan, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 2.14 |  | $ | 1.28 |
Diluted |  | $ | 2.09 |  | $ | 1.26 |

(1) The numbers of antidilutive shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share computations were not material for the three and six month periods ended July 31, 2016 and 2015.

NOTE 15 — CONCENTRATION OF REVENUES

During the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, the majority of the Company’s consolidated revenues related to performance by the power industry services segment which provided 88% and 96% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 86% and 96% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company’s significant customer relationships for the three months ended July 31, 2016 included five customers which accounted for approximately 17%, 17%, 16%, 14% and 13% of consolidated revenues, respectively. The Company’s significant customer relationships for the three months ended July 31, 2015 included two customers which accounted for approximately 46% and 44%, respectively, of consolidated revenues for the period.

The Company’s significant customer relationships for the six months ended July 31, 2016 included five customers which accounted for approximately 17%, 16%, 14%, 13% and 13% of consolidated revenues, respectively. The Company’s significant customer relationships for the six months ended July 31, 2015 included two customers which accounted for approximately 46% and 45%, respectively, of consolidated revenues for the period.

Accounts receivable balances from three major customers as of July 31, 2016 represented 14%, 13% and 10% of the corresponding consolidated balance as of July 31, 2016, and accounts receivable balances from two major customers each represented 27% of the corresponding consolidated balance as of January 31, 2016.

NOTE 16 — SEGMENT REPORTING

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s reportable segments, power industry services, industrial fabrication and field services, and telecommunications infrastructure services, are organized in separate business units with different management teams, customers, technologies and services, and may include more than one operating segment.

Presented below are summarized operating results and certain financial position data of the Company’s reportable business segments for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015. The “Other” columns include the Company’s corporate and unallocated expenses. With the acquisition of TRC in December 2015, the Company began operations in a new reportable segment, Industrial Fabrication and Field Services (see Note 3). Accordingly, financial information has been presented for this reportable segment for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016, and there is no information to be presented for this segment in the table below for the comparable prior year periods.

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Three Months Ended July 31, 2016 |  | Power Services |  | Industrial Services |  | Telecom Services |  | Other |  | Totals |
Revenues |  | $ | 143,422 |  | $ | 17,327 |  | $ | 1,746 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 162,495 |
Cost of revenues |  | 100,035 |  | 17,117 |  | 1,331 |  | — |  | 118,483 |
Gross profit |  | 43,387 |  | 210 |  | 415 |  | — |  | 44,012 |
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,979 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 4,065 |  | 1,487 |  | 301 |  | 1,681 |  | 7,534 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 37,343 |  | (1,277 | ) | 114 |  | (1,681 | ) | 34,499 |
Other income, net |  | 525 |  | — |  | — |  | 31 |  | 556 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 37,868 |  | $ | (1,277 | ) | $ | 114 |  | $ | (1,650 | ) | 35,055 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,756 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 23,299 |
Amortization of intangibles |  | $ | 104 |  | $ | 96 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 200 |
Depreciation |  | 160 |  | 278 |  | 43 |  | 3 |  | 484 |
Property, plant and equipment additions |  | 788 |  | 703 |  | 142 |  | 2 |  | 1,635 |
Current assets |  | $ | 303,789 |  | $ | 21,003 |  | $ | 5,379 |  | $ | 93,743 |  | $ | 423,914 |
Current liabilities |  | 207,634 |  | 13,206 |  | 687 |  | 2,172 |  | 223,699 |
Goodwill |  | 20,548 |  | 14,232 |  | — |  | — |  | 34,780 |
Total assets |  | 326,789 |  | 52,130 |  | 5,840 |  | 96,335 |  | 481,094 |

Three Months Ended July 31, 2015 |  | Power Services |  | Telecom Services |  | Other |  | Totals |
Revenues |  | $ | 93,471 |  | $ | 3,963 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 97,434 |
Cost of revenues |  | 66,136 |  | 2,805 |  | — |  | 68,941 |
Gross profit |  | 27,335 |  | 1,158 |  | — |  | 28,493 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 2,849 |  | 415 |  | 1,584 |  | 4,848 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 24,486 |  | 743 |  | (1,584 | ) | 23,645 |
Other income, net |  | 301 |  | — |  | (173 | ) | 128 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 24,787 |  | $ | 743 |  | $ | (1,757 | ) | 23,773 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,939 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,834 |
Amortization of intangibles |  | $ | 104 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 104 |
Depreciation |  | 95 |  | 42 |  | 3 |  | 140 |
Property, plant and equipment additions |  | 1,285 |  | 10 |  | 2 |  | 1,297 |
Goodwill |  | $ | 22,887 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 22,887 |
Total assets |  | 310,410 |  | 2,910 |  | 66,738 |  | 380,058 |

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Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 |  | Power Services |  | Industrial Services |  | Telecom Services |  | Other |  | Totals |
Revenues |  | $ | 251,521 |  | $ | 37,737 |  | $ | 3,585 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 292,843 |
Cost of revenues |  | 183,733 |  | 34,105 |  | 2,691 |  | — |  | 220,529 |
Gross profit |  | 67,788 |  | 3,632 |  | 894 |  | — |  | 72,314 |
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,979 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 7,298 |  | 3,121 |  | 628 |  | 3,534 |  | 14,581 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 58,511 |  | 511 |  | 266 |  | (3,534 | ) | 55,754 |
Other income, net |  | 538 |  | — |  | — |  | 55 |  | 593 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 59,049 |  | $ | 511 |  | $ | 266 |  | $ | (3,479 | ) | 56,347 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,928 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 37,419 |
Amortization of intangibles |  | $ | 251 |  | $ | 270 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 521 |
Depreciation |  | 289 |  | 539 |  | 84 |  | 6 |  | 918 |
Property, plant and equipment additions |  | 840 |  | 602 |  | 168 |  | 2 |  | 1,612 |

Six Months Ended July 31, 2015 |  | Power Services |  | Telecom Services |  | Other |  | Totals |
Revenues |  | $ | 176,355 |  | $ | 6,566 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 182,921 |
Cost of revenues |  | 128,515 |  | 4,746 |  | — |  | 133,261 |
Gross profit |  | 47,840 |  | 1,820 |  | — |  | 49,660 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 6,432 |  | 718 |  | 3,237 |  | 10,387 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 41,408 |  | 1,102 |  | (3,237 | ) | 39,273 |
Other income, net |  | 379 |  | — |  | (167 | ) | 212 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 41,787 |  | $ | 1,102 |  | $ | (3,404 | ) | 39,485 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,800 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,685 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | $ | 164 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 164 |
Depreciation |  | 170 |  | 82 |  | 6 |  | 258 |
Property, plant and equipment additions |  | 2,410 |  | 91 |  | 2 |  | 2,503 |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion summarizes the financial position of Argan, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of July 31, 2016, and the results of their operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, and should be read in conjunction with (i) the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 15, 2016.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for certain forward-looking statements. We have made statements in this Item 2 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that may constitute “forward-looking statements.” The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “foresee,” “should,” “would,” “could,” or other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. All comments concerning our expectations for future revenues and operating results are based on our forecasts for our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. Our forward-looking statements, by their nature, involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions. They are subject to change based upon various factors including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2016. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Business Description

Argan, Inc. is a holding company that conducts operations through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, GPS, APC, SMC and TRC. Through GPS and APC, we provide a full range of engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning, operations management, maintenance, development, technical and consulting services to the power generation and renewable energy markets for a wide range of customers including independent power project owners, public utilities, power plant equipment suppliers and global energy plant construction firms. GPS, including its consolidated joint ventures and variable interest entities (see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein), and APC represent our power industry services reportable segment. Through TRC, the industrial fabrication and field services segment produces, delivers and installs fabricated steel components specializing in pressure vessels, heat exchangers and piping for industrial plants primarily located in the southern United States. TRC also includes a plant services group that handles maintenance turnarounds, shutdowns and emergency mobilizations. Through SMC, the telecommunications infrastructure services segment provides project management, construction, installation and maintenance services to commercial, local government and federal government customers primarily in the mid-Atlantic region.

At the holding company level, we intend to make additional acquisitions and/or investments by identifying companies with significant potential for profitable growth. We may have more than one industrial focus. We expect that companies acquired in each of these industrial groups will be held in separate subsidiaries that will be operated in a manner that best provides positive cash flows and value for our stockholders.

Overview

For the three and six months ended July 31, 2016, we report the strongest overall financial performance in our history.

· Revenues increased 66.8% to $162.5 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 as compared to $97.4 million for the corresponding prior year period. For the six-month period ended July 31, 2016, revenues increased 60.1% to $292.8 million as compared to $182.9 million for the corresponding prior year period.

· Our gross profit percentages remained robust at 27.1% and 24.7% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016, respectively.

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· Net income attributable to the stockholders of Argan increased 74% to $19.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 as compared to $11.3 million for the comparable prior year period. For the six-month period ended July 31, 2016, net income attributable to our stockholders increased 70% to $31.9 million as compared to $18.8 million for the comparable prior year period.

· EBITDA(1) attributable to the stockholders of Argan increased 66% to $32.1 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 as compared to $19.4 million for the corresponding prior year period. For the six-month period ended July 31, 2016, EBITDA attributable to the stockholders of Argan increased 64% to $52.3 million as compared to $31.9 million for the six months ended July 31, 2015.

· Our tangible net worth(2) increased 24% to $212.5 million as of July 31, 2016 from $171.8 million as of January 31, 2016.

· Our liquidity, or working capital(3), increased 23% to $200.2 million as of July 31, 2016 from $162.9 million as of January 31, 2016.

· Our contract backlog increased 15% to $1.3 billion as of July 31, 2016 as compared to $1.1 billion as of January 31, 2016.

· We achieved substantial completion on the Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot projects in April and June 2016, respectively.

· During the six months ended July 31, 2016, we continued to ramp up work on five gas-fired power plant projects which are all expected to be completed during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019.

(1) EBITDA is a measure not recognized under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. We have defined EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

(2) We define tangible net worth as our total stockholders’ equity less goodwill and intangible assets, net.

(3) We define working capital as our total current assets less our total current liabilities.

These results could not have been achieved without the operational excellence of our employees. Their dedication to finish out projects and overcome hurdles was especially reflected in our reaching substantial completion on both Panda power plant projects, which were the most significant drivers of our financial results for the current year periods. Specifically, during the six months ended July 31, 2016, in addition to reaching substantial completion, we reached a settlement related to the potential payment of scheduled liquidated damages, which are no longer outstanding. These achievements eliminated a number of significant risks and the related estimated costs associated with them, resulting in increased gross margins. Our overall power industry services business continues to represent the largest part of our Company, providing 86% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended July 31, 2016.

Despite our record performance for the current periods, we have encountered certain challenges at our two newly acquired companies, APC and TRC. As discussed below, considering the current adverse financial effects of the suspension of work by APC’s largest current customer and the expectation of near term challenges and based on our valuation analyses, we recorded an estimated impairment loss related to the goodwill of APC in the amount of $2.0 million during the three months ended July 31, 2016, or 49% of the goodwill balance established last year at the time of the acquisition. This interim test will not replace the more extensive impairment testing that we intend to perform as of November 1 st (our regular annual goodwill impairment testing date), which includes the preparation of a valuation report by an independent 3rd party business valuation firm.

After a positive first quarter for TRC, due in part to approved change orders and revisions of estimates to complete certain of its legacy loss contracts (which existed prior to our acquisition in December 2015), TRC followed up with a $1.5 million pre-tax loss for the three months ended July 31, 2016. The loss resulted primarily from reduced gross margins and a reduction in total revenues. For the six months ended July 31, 2016, TRC earned $0.1 million in pre-tax income and has shifted its focus from the legacy loss contracts and company restructuring to enhancing existing business and generating sustainable growth.

Panda Power Plant Projects

Since 2013, we have performed engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) services for two natural gas-fired power plants, known as Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot. The EPC contracts were assigned to two separate joint ventures that were formed in order to perform the work for the applicable project and to spread the bonding risk of each project. The joint venture partner for both projects is a large, heavy civil contracting firm. We have no significant commitments under these

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arrangements beyond those related to the completion of the EPC contracts including the provision of services in order to fulfill our warranty obligations. The joint venture partners are dedicating resources that are necessary to complete the projects and are being reimbursed for their costs. We are performing most of the activities of these two EPC contracts.

For the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, we recognized revenues associated with EPC contract services provided to Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot that combined represented approximately 26% and 91% of consolidated revenues, respectively. We achieved substantial completion on these projects in April and June 2016, respectively. These two projects are scheduled for final completion in calendar year 2016 and any remaining close out activity and resulting revenues should be limited for the remainder of the current fiscal year.

The corresponding joint venture agreements, as amended, provide that we have the majority interest in any profits, losses, assets and liabilities that may result from the performance of the EPC contracts. Due to our financial control of the joint ventures, their accounts have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since the commencement of activities under the EPC contracts near the end of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014.

Contract Backlog

Contract backlog represents the total accumulated value of projects awarded less the amounts of revenues recognized to date on those contracts at a specific point in time. We believe contract backlog is an indicator of future revenues and earnings potential. Although contract backlog reflects business that we consider to be firm, cancellations or reductions may occur and may reduce contract backlog and our expected future revenues. At July 31, 2016, our total contract backlog was approximately $1.3 billion. Our total contract backlog as of January 31, 2016 was approximately $1.1 billion.

The following table summarizes our large EPC power plant projects:

Current Project |  | Location |  | Size of Facility |  | Date FNTP Received(1) |  | Scheduled Completion |
Panda Liberty Power Project |  | Pennsylvania |  | 829 MW |  | August 2013 |  | 2016 |
Panda Patriot Power Project |  | Pennsylvania |  | 829 MW |  | December 2013 |  | 2016 |
Caithness Moxie Freedom Generating Station |  | Pennsylvania |  | 1,040 MW |  | November 2015 |  | 2018 |
CPV Towantic Energy Center |  | Connecticut |  | 785 MW |  | March 2016 |  | 2018 |
NTE Middletown Energy Center |  | Ohio |  | 475 MW |  | October 2015 |  | 2018 |
NTE Kings Mountain Energy Center |  | North Carolina |  | 475 MW |  | March 2016 |  | 2018 |
Exelon West Medway II Facility |  | Massachusetts |  | 200 MW |  | (2) |  | (2) |

(1) Full Notice to Proceed (“FNTP”) represents the formal notice provided by the project owner instructing us to commence the activities covered by the corresponding EPC contract without limitation.

(2) The FNTP for this project is subject to Massachusetts regulatory approvals, and the scheduled completion date is yet to be determined.

Acquisition of The Roberts Company

On December 4, 2015, we acquired The Roberts Company (“TRC”), which was founded in 1977 and is headquartered near Greenville, North Carolina. TRC is principally an industrial fabricator and constructor serving both light and heavy industrial organizations primarily in the southern United States. We paid $0.5 million to acquire the member interests of TRC, and assumed approximately $16 million in debt obligations, which we paid off on the acquisition date. TRC continues to operate under its own name with its own management team. Historically, TRC has been primarily a profitable company that incurred a net loss in 2015 up to the date of its acquisition by us, primarily due to it taking on large contracts that resulted in significant losses. With the reengagement and leadership of TRC’s founder, John Roberts, our financial support and the substantial completion of these loss contracts, we acquired TRC with the belief that it is positioned to succeed in the future with a return to profitable operations. However, there can be no assurances that TRC will succeed in the future or will resume sustained profitability. Since the acquisition, we advanced an additional $22.5 million in cash to TRC in order to fund the completion of the work on the loss contracts, to enhance working capital and for other general corporate purposes. However, no advances were required during the quarter ended July 31, 2016. Currently, TRC operates as its own reportable business segment, Industrial Fabrication and Field Services.

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Our condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 include the operating results of TRC, and the balance sheet amounts of TRC are included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of July 31 and January 31, 2016.

Acquisition of Atlantic Projects Company Limited

On May 29, 2015, we acquired Atlantic Projects Company Limited, a private company incorporated in the Republic of Ireland, and its affiliated companies (together “APC”). Formed in Dublin over forty years ago, APC provides turbine, boiler and large rotating equipment installation, commissioning and outage services to original equipment manufacturers, global construction firms and plant owners worldwide. APC has successfully completed projects in more than thirty countries on six continents. With its presence in Ireland and its other offices located in Hong Kong, Singapore and New York, APC expands our operations internationally for the first time. APC operates under its own name and with its own management team as a member of our group of companies. The fair value of the consideration transferred to the former owners of APC was approximately $11.1 million.

In July 2016, work was suspended on APC’s largest project, which reflected over 90% of its backlog. Additionally, APC’s primary market is in the United Kingdom, which voted to leave the European Union on June 23, 2016 (“Brexit”). The resulting sterling pound drop, financial market uncertainty and recessionary pressures will likely impact the availability of financing for future power plant developments. APC’s second largest market is the Middle East, which has experienced decreased project activity due to capital constraints, resulting from decreased oil revenues. APC reported a second quarter loss and will likely incur losses for the remainder of the fiscal year. Given the events above, we conducted interim analyses in order to determine whether an impairment loss had occurred related to the goodwill. Using income and market approaches, the assessment analyses indicated that the carrying value of the business exceeded its fair value as of July 31, 2016. As a result, APC recorded an estimated impairment loss related to goodwill of approximately $2.0 million that has been included in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016. No impairment was recorded in the comparable prior year periods. Our annual review of goodwill carrying values for impairment will include a full business valuation of APC and corresponding impairment analyses as of November 1, 2016.

Our condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, include the operating results of APC since its acquisition on May 29, 2016, and the balance sheet amounts of APC are included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of July 31 and January 31, 2016.

Outlook

The power industry has not fully recovered from the recessionary decline in the demand for power in the United States. Total electric power generation from all sources has decreased slightly for three of the last four years, including a 0.2% decline in 2015. For calendar year 2015, the total amount of electricity generated in the United States was approximately 98% of the peak power generation level of 2007. Recently published government forecasts project an annual increase in power generation of approximately 0.8% per year for the next 25 years.

For calendar year 2015, electricity generated in the United States by natural gas-fired power plants comprised 32.7% of total generation, which reflected an 18.5% annual increase in the number of megawatt hours provided by these plants as the amount of natural gas used for power generation during 2015 reached an all-time high. The number of megawatt hours provided by coal-fired plants declined by 14.3% in 2015 compared to the amount provided in 2014. For the third and fourth quarters of calendar 2015, the shares of total electrical power generated by natural gas-fired plants actually exceeded the shares provided by coal-fired power plants, the first two times that this has occurred. For 2016, the shares of total electricity generation provided by gas-fired power plants and coal-fired power plants are expected to be approximately 33.4% and 32.0%, respectively, meaning that natural gas will overtake coal as the leading source of power generation in the United States. According to data released recently by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, natural gas was the source of 33.5% of the electrical power generated in the United States in the first half of 2016; coal was 28.1%. For the comparable period one year ago, 30.5% of the nation’s power was produced with natural gas.

The electricity-generation statistics for 2015 are consistent with the long-term power generation trends. Over the last 10 years, total power generation has increased by less than 1% and coal has remained the largest energy source for electricity generation. However, during this period, the amount of electricity generated by natural gas-fired power sources increased by 75%, and the amount of electric power generated by coal-fired plants declined by 33%. The amount of electricity provided by

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nuclear power plants increased over the last 10 years by only 2%. Electrical power generated by renewable energy sources (excluding hydroelectric sources) more than tripled over the last ten years, but represents only 7% of total generation.

Current projections of future power generation assume the sustained increase in domestic natural gas production, which should lead to stable natural gas prices continuing into the future. The availability of competitively priced natural gas, the significant increases in the efficiency of combined cycle power plants, the existence of certain programs encouraging renewable fuel use, and the implementation of a series of environmental rules, primarily directed toward the reductions of air pollution and the emissions of greenhouse gases should further reduce future coal use and continue to increase the shares of the power generation mix represented by gas-fired power plants, wind farms, solar fields and other renewable energy sources.

Announcements by electric utilities of the retirement of coal-fired and nuclear power plants continue, citing the availability of cheap natural gas, increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the significant costs of refurbishment and relicensing. The future retirements of coal and nuclear plants will result in the need for new capacity, and new natural gas-fired plants are cheaper to build than coal, nuclear, or renewable plants, they are substantially more environmentally friendly than conventional coal-fired power plants, and they represent the most economical way to meet peak demands.

The expected increase in momentum towards more environmentally friendly power generation facilities has not occurred at the pace generally expected prior to the latest recession. The Environmental Protection Agency has been stridently exercising an expansion of regulatory power over air quality and electric power generation. However, the federal government has not passed comprehensive energy legislation that might include national renewable energy standards, incentives or mandates for the retirement of existing coal-fired power plants and caps on the volume of carbon emissions. Additional uncertainty was created when, in February 2016, the United States Supreme Court decided to stay the implementation of the agency’s Clean Power Plan, which was finalized in August 2015, as it undergoes legal review. As a result, the requirement for states to draft compliance plans by September 2016 has been at least delayed, and states have longer periods of time in order to consider and make decisions regarding future power generation mixes. The future pace of announcements of coal-fired power plant retirements may slow.

Nevertheless, as we have stated in the past, we believe that the future prospects for natural gas-fired power plant construction are favorable. Major advances in horizontal drilling and the practice of hydraulic fracturing have led to a boom in natural gas supply. The abundant availability of cheap, less carbon-intense, natural gas should continue to be a significant factor in the economic assessment of future power plants. Currently effective emission standards have also become a significant obstacle for any plan to build a new coal-fired power plant. Despite the recent success in the Supreme Court, the coal industry fears that the pending regulations limiting carbon emissions may jeopardize the continuing operation of existing coal-fired power plants.

As indicated above, the demand for electric power in this country is expected to grow slowly but steadily over the long term. Increasing demands for electricity, the ample supply of natural gas, and the expected retirement of old coal, nuclear and oil-powered energy plants, should result in natural gas-fired and renewable energy plants, like wind, biomass and solar, representing the substantial majority of new power generation additions in the future and an increased share of the power generation mix. Currently, the business environment in our sector has improved substantially due to a combination of an overall improved economy and the forward momentum of increasing the amount of electrical power generated in the United States from energy resources other than coal. In summary, the development of renewable and natural gas-fired power generation facilities should continue to provide construction opportunities for us.

During the construction industry’s recovery from the recession, we have been successful in the effective and efficient completion of our EPC projects and the control of costs while we pursue new construction business opportunities. Despite the intensely competitive business environment, we are committed to the rational pursuit of new construction projects which may result in our decision to make investments in the ownership of new projects, at least during the corresponding development phase. Because we believe in the strength of our balance sheet, we are willing to consider certain opportunities that include reasonable and manageable risks in order to assure the award of the related EPC contract to us.

With a growing reputation as a low cost provider of EPC contracting services and with the proven ability to deliver completed power facilities, particularly combined-cycle, gas-fired power plants, we are focused on expanding our position in the growing power markets where we expect investments to be made based on forecasts of increasing electricity demand covering decades into the future. Moreover, we believe that the EPC contract approach preferred by us, once considered an alternative

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delivery method for power plant construction, is now an accepted industry practice in the United States as a strategy that gives project owners an end-to-end solution by putting nearly all aspects and phases of a project under a single contract.

We believe that our expectations are reasonable and that our future plans continue to be based on reasonable assumptions. Our performance on current projects, including the five latest EPC projects awarded to us, should provide a stable base of business activity for the next few fiscal years. We are looking forward to ramping up activities on the new projects and to being able to take advantage of new opportunities that should continue to emerge in the improved domestic business environment.

Comparison of the Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2016 and 2015

We reported net income attributable to our stockholders of $19.7 million, or $1.29 per diluted share, for the three months ended July 31, 2016. For the three months ended July 31, 2015, we reported a comparable net income amount of $11.3 million, or $0.75 per diluted share. The following schedule compares our operating results for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands).

|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power industry services |  | $ | 143,422 |  | $ | 93,471 |  | $ | 49,951 |  | 53.4 | %
Industrial fabrication and field services |  | 17,327 |  | — |  | 17,327 |  | NM |
Telecommunications infrastructure services |  | 1,746 |  | 3,963 |  | (2,217 | ) | (55.9 | )
Revenues |  | 162,495 |  | 97,434 |  | 65,061 |  | 66.8 |
COST OF REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power industry services |  | 100,035 |  | 66,136 |  | 33,899 |  | 51.3 |
Industrial fabrication and field services |  | 17,117 |  | — |  | 17,117 |  | NM |
Telecommunications infrastructure services |  | 1,331 |  | 2,805 |  | (1,474 | ) | (52.5 | )
Cost of revenues |  | 118,483 |  | 68,941 |  | 49,542 |  | 71.9 |
GROSS PROFIT |  | 44,012 |  | 28,493 |  | 15,519 |  | 54.5 |
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |  | 1,979 |  | NM |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 7,534 |  | 4,848 |  | 2,686 |  | 55.4 |
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS |  | 34,499 |  | 23,645 |  | 10,854 |  | 45.9 |
Other income, net |  | 556 |  | 128 |  | 428 |  | 334.4 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  | 35,055 |  | 23,773 |  | 11,282 |  | 47.5 |
Income tax expense |  | 11,756 |  | 7,939 |  | 3,817 |  | 48.1 |
NET INCOME |  | 23,299 |  | 15,834 |  | 7,465 |  | 47.1 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 3,625 |  | 4,527 |  | (902 | ) | (19.9 | )
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ARGAN, INC. |  | $ | 19,674 |  | $ | 11,307 |  | $ | 8,367 |  | 74.0 | %

NM = Not Meaningful

Revenues

Power Industry Services

The revenues of the power industry services business increased by $49.9 million to $143.4 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 compared with revenues of $93.5 million for the three months ended July 31, 2015. The revenues of this business represented approximately 88% of consolidated revenues for the current quarter, and approximately 96% of consolidated revenues for the prior year quarter. The current quarter increase in revenues for the power industry services segment reflected the activities of the five new EPC contracts, which represented approximately 60% of consolidated revenues for the current quarter, and the end of project construction activity for the Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot EPC contracts which represented 26% of consolidated revenues for the current quarter. Last year, the combined revenues associated with these two gas-fired power plant projects represented approximately 90% of consolidated revenues for the second quarter. We reached substantial completion on these two projects in April and June 2016, respectively, and any remaining close out activity and resulting revenues should be limited for the rest of the fiscal year.

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Industrial Fabrication and Field Services

The revenues for this segment reflect the second full quarter of activity as we acquired TRC on December 4, 2015. TRC’s major customers include some of North America’s largest forest products companies, such as Weyerhaeuser, Resolute, Domtar and Georgia Pacific, mining companies and large crop nutrient processors. During the quarter ended July 31, 2016, TRC primarily completed its contracts that caused the large pre-acquisition losses and intends to focus on growing contract backlog with the addition of new, profitable projects.

Telecommunications Infrastructure Services

The revenues of this reportable business segment decreased by approximately 56% for the current quarter compared with the corresponding period last year. In the prior year quarter, revenues earned in connection with underground cabling work performed at multiple commuter train stations of the Maryland Transit Administration (“MTA”) and completed last year represented approximately 39% of SMC’s revenues, for which there was no comparable project in the current quarter.

Cost of Revenues

Due primarily to the increase in consolidated revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2016 compared with last year’s second quarter, the corresponding consolidated cost of revenues also increased. These costs were $118.5 million and $68.9 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, with the increase associated primarily with new EPC contracts and the addition of the costs of revenues for APC and TRC. Our overall gross profit percentage of 27.1% of consolidated revenues was lower in the current quarter compared to a percentage of 29.2% for the second quarter last year due to the new business of GPS and the addition of APC and TRC. However, for both the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, gross profits were elevated when compared to other recent quarters due to adjustments that resulted in reduced estimated costs to complete the two power plants for Panda. Specifically, in the current quarter, we negotiated a settlement with the project owner related to the outstanding claims and we reached substantial completion on both projects (April 30 and June 14, 2016). These achievements eliminated a number of significant risks and the related estimated costs associated with them, resulting in increased gross margins.

Impairment Loss

In July 2016, work was suspended on APC’s largest project, which represented over 90% of APC’s contract backlog. Additionally, APC’s primary market is in the United Kingdom, which voted to leave the European Union on June 23, 2016 (“Brexit”). The resulting sterling pound drop, financial market uncertainty and recessionary pressures will likely impact the availability of financing for future power plant developments. APC’s second largest market is the Middle East, which has experienced decreased project activity due to capital constraints, resulting from decreased oil revenues. APC’s operating results for the three months ended July 31, 2016 included the unfavorable net effect of adjustments related to the suspended project which reduced APC’s gross profit by $0.8 million. APC will likely incur losses for the remainder of the fiscal year. Given the events above, we conducted interim analyses in order to determine whether an impairment loss had occurred related to the goodwill of APC. Using the income and market approaches, the assessment analyses indicated that the carrying value of the business exceeded its fair value as of July 31, 2016. As a result, APC recorded an estimated impairment loss related to goodwill of approximately $2.0 million that has been included in the condensed consolidated statement of earnings for the three months ended July 31, 2016. No impairment loss occurred in the prior year quarter.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

These costs were $7.5 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, representing approximately 4.6% and 5.0% of consolidated revenues for the corresponding periods, respectively. The increase of $2.7 million reflected the addition of costs for APC and TRC which were $2.2 million combined for the current quarter, compared to $0.6 million for APC in the prior year quarter. The remaining net increase of $1.1 million between quarters was due primarily to additional human capital costs incurred in the current quarter related to the increased project work.

Income Tax Expense

For the quarter ended July 31, 2016, we recorded income tax expense of $11.8 million reflecting an estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 34.3%. This rate differs from the expected federal income tax rate of 35.0% due primarily to

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the favorable effect of permanent differences including the domestic production activities deduction and the exclusion of income attributable to our joint venture partner from our taxable income, partially offset by the unfavorable income tax effect of the impairment loss. As the joint ventures are treated as partnerships for income tax reporting purposes, we report only our share of the taxable income of the entities. In addition, the excess income tax benefit associated with stock options exercised during the current quarter reduced income tax expense by $1.0 million for the three months ended July 31, 2016. The net effect of these items was offset almost completely by the unfavorable effect of state income taxes.

For the three months ended July 31, 2015, we recorded income tax expense of $7.9 million reflecting an annual effective income tax rate estimated to be approximately 32.3% at the time. This rate differed from the expected federal income tax rate of 35.0% due primarily to the favorable permanent effect of excluding the income attributable to our joint venture partner from our taxable income. Our effective tax rate also reflected the permanent benefit of the domestic production activities deduction. These factors were partially offset by the unfavorable effect of state income taxes. Our actual annual effective income tax rate for the year ended January 31, 2016 was 33.5%.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

As discussed in Note 4 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, we entered into construction joint ventures related to two power plant projects. Because we have financial control, the joint ventures are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our joint venture partner’s share of the earnings is reflected in the line item “net income attributable to noncontrolling interests” of the statements of earnings for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015. For the quarters, these amounts were $3.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively. The reduction between quarters primarily reflects the reduction in project activity during the current quarter as both of these projects have achieved substantial completion. There are no joint ventures related to the five new EPC contracts of GPS.

Comparison of the Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 and 2015

We reported net income attributable to our stockholders of $31.9 million, or $2.09 per diluted share, and $18.8 million, or $1.26 per diluted share, for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The following schedule compares our operating results for the periods (dollars in thousands).

|  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power industry services |  | $ | 251,521 |  | $ | 176,355 |  | $ | 75,166 |  | 42.6 | %
Industrial fabrication and field services |  | 37,737 |  | — |  | 37,737 |  | NM |
Telecommunications infrastructure services |  | 3,585 |  | 6,566 |  | (2,981 | ) | (45.4 | )
Revenues |  | 292,843 |  | 182,921 |  | 109,922 |  | 60.1 |
COST OF REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power industry services |  | 183,733 |  | 128,515 |  | 55,218 |  | 43.0 |
Industrial fabrication and field services |  | 34,105 |  | — |  | 34,105 |  | NM |
Telecommunications infrastructure services |  | 2,691 |  | 4,746 |  | (2,055 | ) | (43.3 | )
Cost of revenues |  | 220,529 |  | 133,261 |  | 87,268 |  | 65.5 |
GROSS PROFIT |  | 72,314 |  | 49,660 |  | 22,654 |  | 45.6 |
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |  | 1,979 |  | NM |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 14,581 |  | 10,387 |  | 4,194 |  | 40.4 |
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS |  | 55,754 |  | 39,273 |  | 16,481 |  | 42.0 |
Other income, net |  | 593 |  | 212 |  | 381 |  | 179.7 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  | 56,347 |  | 39,485 |  | 16,862 |  | 42.7 |
Income tax expense |  | 18,928 |  | 12,800 |  | 6,128 |  | 47.9 |
NET INCOME |  | 37,419 |  | 26,685 |  | 10,734 |  | 40.2 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 5,515 |  | 7,875 |  | (2,360 | ) | (30.0 | )
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ARGAN, INC. |  | $ | 31,904 |  | $ | 18,810 |  | $ | 13,094 |  | 69.6 | %

NM = Not Meaningful

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Revenues

Power Industry Services

The revenues of the power industry services business increased by $75.1 million to $251.5 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 compared with revenues of $176.4 million for the six months ended July 31, 2015. The revenues of this business represented approximately 86% of consolidated revenues for the current six-month period, and approximately 96% of consolidated revenues for the corresponding prior year period. The increase in revenues for the power industry services segment reflected the activities of the five new EPC contracts, which represented approximately 57% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended July 31, 2016, and the end of project construction activity of the Panda power plant projects which represented 26% of consolidated revenues for the current six-month period. Last year, the combined revenues associated with these two Panda power plant projects represented approximately 91% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended July 31, 2015. We have experienced a significant decrease in revenue concentration for the six months ended July 31, 2016, where no single project represents more than 17.4% of our consolidated revenues. Additionally, we reached substantial completion on the two Panda projects in April and June 2016, respectively, and any remaining close-out activity and resulting revenues should be limited for the remainder of the current fiscal year.

Industrial Fabrication and Field Services

The revenues for this reportable business segment reflect six months of activity in the current year as we acquired TRC on December 4, 2015. TRC’s major customers include some of North America’s largest forest products companies, such as Weyerhaeuser, Resolute, Domtar and Georgia Pacific, mining companies and large crop nutrient processors. During the six months ended July 31, 2016, TRC primarily completed its contracts that caused the large pre-acquisition losses and intends to focus on growing contract backlog with the addition of new, profitable projects.

Telecommunications Infrastructure Services

The revenues of this reportable business segment decreased by approximately 45% for the six months ended July 31, 2016 compared with the corresponding period last year. In the prior year period, revenues earned in connection with underground cabling work performed at multiple commuter train stations of the MTA and completed last year represented approximately 37% of SMC’s revenues. There was no corresponding project for the six months ended July 31, 2016.

Cost of Revenues

Due primarily to the increase in consolidated revenues for the six months ended July 31, 2016 compared with last year’s period, the corresponding consolidated cost of revenues also increased. These costs were $220.5 million and $133.3 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, with the increase associated primarily with new EPC contracts and the addition of the costs of revenues for APC and TRC. Our overall gross profit percentage of 24.7% of consolidated revenues was lower in the six months ended July 31, 2016 compared to a percentage of 27.1% for the comparable prior year period due to the new business of GPS and the addition of APC and TRC. However, for both the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, gross profits are elevated when compared to other recent periods due to adjustments that resulted in reduced estimated costs to complete the two Panda power plant projects. Specifically, in the current period, we negotiated a settlement with the project owner related to the outstanding claims and we reached substantial completion on both Panda projects. These achievements eliminated a number of significant risks and the related estimated costs associated with them, resulting in increased gross margins.

Impairment Loss

As discussed above, APC reported a second quarter net loss, reflecting reductions to gross profit and the estimated impairment loss related to goodwill in the amount of $2.0 million. It will likely incur losses for the remainder of the year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

These costs were $14.6 million and $10.4 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, representing approximately 5.0% and 5.7% of consolidated revenues for the corresponding periods, respectively. The increase of $4.2 million reflected the addition of the selling, general and administrative costs for APC and TRC which were $4.5 million combined for the six months ended July 31, 2016, compared to $0.6 million for APC in the prior year period.

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Income Tax Expense

For the six months ended July 31, 2016, we recorded income tax expense of $18.9 million reflecting an estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 34.3%. This rate differs slightly from the expected federal income tax rate of 35.0% due primarily to the favorable effect of permanent differences including the domestic production activities deduction and the exclusion of income attributable to our joint venture partner from our taxable income, partially offset in the current period by the unfavorable income tax effect of the impairment loss. In addition, the excess income tax benefit associated with stock options exercised during the current year reduced income tax expense by $1.1 million for the six months ended July 31, 2016. These favorable effects were offset almost completely by the unfavorable effect of state income taxes.

For the six months ended July 31, 2015, we recorded income tax expense of $12.8 million reflecting an annual effective income tax rate estimated to be approximately 32.3% at the time. This rate differed from the expected federal income tax rate of 35% due primarily to the favorable permanent effect of excluding the income attributable to our joint venture partner (which was more significant last year) from our taxable income. Our effective tax rate also reflected the permanent benefit of the domestic production activities deduction. These factors were partially offset by the unfavorable effect of state income taxes. Our actual annual effective income tax rate for the year ended January 31, 2016 was 33.5%.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

As discussed in Note 4, we entered separate construction joint ventures related to the two Panda power plant projects. Because we have financial control, the joint ventures are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our joint venture partner’s share of the earnings is reflected in the line item “net income attributable to noncontrolling interests” of the accompanying statements of earnings for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 in the amounts of $5.5 million and $7.9 million, respectively. The reduction primarily reflects decreased end of project activity on the two Panda power projects in the six months ended July 31, 2016 as compared to greater activity in the prior year period. There are no joint ventures related to the five other new EPC contracts.

Liquidity and Capital Resources as of July 31, 2016

During the six months ended July 31, 2016, our combined balance of cash and cash equivalents increased by $1.9 million to $162.8 million as of July 31, 2016 from a balance of $160.9 million as of January 31, 2016. During this same period, our working capital increased by $37.3 million to $200.2 million as of July 31, 2016 from $162.9 million as of January 31, 2016.

Net income for the six months ended July 31, 2016, including the favorable adjustments related to noncash expense items, provided cash in the total amount of $41.9 million. In addition, we experienced a net decrease of $31.5 million in accounts receivable during the period primarily due to the receipt of retainages on the Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot power plant projects as we achieved substantial completion during the period. We had a net increase of $16.3 million in the amount of billings on current projects that temporarily exceeds the corresponding amounts of costs and estimated earnings, which primarily reflected the early-stage activities of GPS on its new EPC contracts. Our net accounts payable and accrued expenses were also impacted with increased early-stage activities related to several of our subcontractors and suppliers, increasing this balance by $24.0 million during the six months ended July 31, 2016. Primarily due to these factors, the net amount of cash provided by operating activities for the six-month period ended July 31, 2016 was $112.7 million. The exercise of stock options during the current period provided us with cash proceeds in the amount of $4.2 million.

Our primary use of this cash during the current period was the net purchase of short-term investments (bank CDs) in the amount of $106.0 million. Additionally, we used cash as our consolidated joint ventures made distributions to our joint venture partner in the total amount of $7.5 million. The amount of cash remaining in the joint ventures as of July 31, 2016 was $38.4 million, which will be used to cover future remaining costs on the Panda Liberty and Panda Patriot projects as they finish up activities under their respective EPC contracts, with any remaining cash ultimately getting distributed to the joint venture partners. We also used cash during the current period in the amount of $1.6 million for capital expenditures by the operating subsidiaries.

During the six months ended July 31, 2015, we made net short-term investments totaling $117.0 million. These purchases contributed significantly to the decrease of $151.6 million in cash and cash equivalents during the six-month period ended July 31, 2015 to a balance of $182.1 million as of July 31, 2015. The balance of cash and cash equivalents was $333.7 million as of January 31, 2015. In addition, the amounts of billings on current projects that temporarily exceed the corresponding

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amounts of costs and estimate earnings decreased during last year’s first six months as work progressed representing a use of cash in the amount of $46.0 million. Progress on active contracts and the payment of cash bonuses accrued at January 31, 2015 contributed primarily to the decline in the balance of accounts payable and accrued liabilities during the six months ended July 31, 2015, which represented a net use of cash in the amount of $4.2 million.

However, our working capital increased by $29.5 million to $178.5 million as of July 31, 2015 from $148.9 million as of January 31, 2015, as our net income for the six months ended July 31, 2015 in the amount of $26.7 million represented a source of cash.

The acquisition of APC required the use of cash in the amount of $4.2 million; this amount was net of cash acquired. We also expended cash to make capital expenditures in the amount of $2.5 million during the six months ended July 31, 2015 including capitalized power plant project development costs incurred by Moxie Freedom prior to its deconsolidation during the second quarter.

Last year, we renegotiated our financing arrangements with Bank of America (the “Bank”); the replacement agreement was completed in August 2015. It provides a revolving loan with a maximum borrowing amount of $10.0 million that is available until May 31, 2018 with interest at LIBOR plus 2.00%. We may also use the borrowing ability to cover standby letters of credit issued by the Bank for us in the ordinary course of business. There were no actual borrowings outstanding under Bank financing arrangements as of July 31, 2016 or January 31, 2016. Borrowing availability in the total amount of approximately $4.4 million has been designated to cover several letters of credit issued by the Bank, with expiration dates ranging from September 23, 2016 to January 8, 2017, in order to cover insurance exposures and to support the project development activities of a potential power plant owner, leaving approximately $5.6 million available for use currently.

The Company has pledged the majority of its assets to secure the financing arrangements. However, the Bank’s consent is not required for acquisitions, divestitures, cash dividends or significant investments as long as certain conditions are met. The Bank requires that we comply with certain financial covenants at our fiscal year-end and at each of our fiscal quarter-ends. We were in compliance with theses financial covenants as of July 31, 2016. Management believes that the Company will continue to comply with its financial covenants under the replacement financing arrangements.

If the Company’s performance results in our noncompliance with any of the financial covenants, we would most likely seek to modify the financing arrangements, but there can be no assurance that the Bank would not exercise its rights and remedies under the financing arrangements including accelerating the payment of all then outstanding senior debt due and payable.

In addition, the commercial bank that has supported the activities of TRC issued two outstanding irrevocable letters of credit on its behalf in the amounts of $0.5 million and $0.4 million with current expiration dates of June 30, 2017 and August 31, 2017, respectively, which are secured by a lien on the owned facility of TRC.

At July 31, 2016, most of our balance of cash and cash equivalents was invested in a high-quality money market fund with at least 80% of its net assets invested in U.S. Treasury obligations and repurchase agreements secured by U.S. Treasury obligations. Most of our domestic operating bank accounts are maintained with the Bank. The Company does maintain certain Euro-based bank accounts in the Republic of Ireland in support of the operations of APC.

We believe that cash on hand, cash that will be provided over the next six months with the maturities of short-term investments and cash generated from our future operations, with or without funds available under our line of credit, will be adequate to meet our general business needs in the foreseeable future. Any future acquisitions, or other significant unplanned cost or cash requirement, may require us to raise additional funds through the issuance of debt and/or equity securities. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

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Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (Non-GAAP Measurement)

The following tables present the determinations of Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) for the three and six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (amounts in thousands).

|  | Three Month Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Net income, as reported |  | $ | 23,299 |  | $ | 15,834 |
Interest expense |  | — |  | 74 |
Income tax expense |  | 11,756 |  | 7,939 |
Depreciation |  | 484 |  | 139 |
Amortization of purchased intangible assets |  | 200 |  | 104 |
EBITDA |  | 35,739 |  | 24,090 |
Noncontrolling interests - |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 3,625 |  | 4,527 |
Interest expense |  | — |  | 107 |
Income tax expense |  | — |  | 86 |
EBITDA of noncontrolling interests |  | 3,625 |  | 4,720 |
EBITDA attributable to the stockholders of Argan, Inc. |  | $ | 32,114 |  | $ | 19,370 |

|  | Six Month Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Net income, as reported |  | $ | 37,419 |  | $ | 26,685 |
Interest expense |  | — |  | 118 |
Income tax expense |  | 18,928 |  | 12,800 |
Depreciation |  | 918 |  | 258 |
Amortization of purchased intangible assets |  | 521 |  | 164 |
EBITDA |  | 57,786 |  | 40,025 |
Noncontrolling interests - |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 5,515 |  | 7,875 |
Interest expense |  | — |  | 219 |
Income tax benefit |  | — |  | 44 |
EBITDA of noncontrolling interests |  | 5,515 |  | 8,138 |
EBITDA attributable to the stockholders of Argan, Inc. |  | $ | 52,271 |  | $ | 31,887 |

We believe that EBITDA is a meaningful presentation that enables us to assess and compare our operating cash flow performance on a consistent basis by removing from our operating results the impacts of our capital structure, the effects of the accounting methods used to compute depreciation and amortization and the effects of operating in different income tax jurisdictions. Further, we believe that EBITDA is widely used by investors and analysts as a measure of performance.

As EBITDA is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“US GAAP”), we do not believe that this measure should be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the results of our operations presented in accordance with US GAAP that are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, our EBITDA does not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs.

As we believe that our net cash flow provided by or used in operations is the most directly comparable performance measure determined in accordance with US GAAP, the following table reconciles the amounts of EBITDA for the applicable periods, as presented above, to the corresponding amounts of net cash flows provided by or used in operating activities that are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 (amounts in thousands).

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|  | Six Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
EBITDA |  | $ | 57,786 |  | $ | 40,025 |
Current income tax expense |  | (18,939 | ) | (12,615 | )
Impairment loss |  | 1,979 |  | — |
Stock option compensation expense |  | 1,270 |  | 1,057 |
Other noncash items |  | (202 | ) | (264 | )
Interest expense |  | — |  | (118 | )
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable |  | 31,484 |  | (5,774 | )
Changes related to the timing of scheduled billings |  | 16,293 |  | (46,032 | )
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets |  | (993 | ) | (1,133 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 24,029 |  | (4,232 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | 112,707 |  | $ | (29,086 | )

Critical Accounting Policies

We consider the accounting policies related to revenue recognition on long-term construction contracts; the accounting for business combinations, the subsequent valuation of goodwill, other indefinite-lived assets and long-lived assets; the valuation of employee stock options; income tax reporting and the financial reporting associated with any significant legal matters to be most critical to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations, as well as the accounting and reporting for special interest entities including joint ventures and variable interest entities. Critical accounting policies are those related to the areas where we have made what we consider to be particularly subjective or complex judgments in making estimates and where these estimates can significantly impact our financial results under different assumptions and conditions. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets, liabilities and equity that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results and outcomes could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

An expanded discussion of our critical accounting policies is included in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2016. During the six-month period ended July 31, 2016, there have been no material changes in the way we apply the critical accounting policies described therein.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Note 2 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements presents descriptions of accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) that are not yet effective and that may be relevant to our future financial reporting. Most importantly, these include Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 (“ASU 2014-09”), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was issued in May 28, 2014, and Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 (“ASU 2016-02”), Leases, which was issued in February 2016. ASU 2014-09 represents an effort to create a new, principle-based revenue recognition framework. ASU 2016-02 will require the recognition of all operating leases with terms greater than one year on the balance sheet.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the normal course of business, our results of operations may be subject to risks related to fluctuations in interest rates. As of July 31, 2016, we had no outstanding borrowings under our replacement financing arrangements with Bank of America (see Note 10 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements), which provide a revolving loan with a maximum borrowing amount of $10.0 million that is available until May 31, 2018 with interest at LIBOR plus 2.00%. As of July 31, 2016, our balance of short-term investments, which consisted entirely of certificates of deposit, was $220.0 million (excluding accrued interest) with a weighted average initial maturity term of 165 days. This exposes us to a certain amount of risk should interest rates suddenly rise. However, we believe that this risk is minimal, and mitigated somewhat by the manner in which we have scheduled the future maturity dates. As of July 31, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on our short-term investments of $220.0 million was 0.81%.

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The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars. The financial results reported by APC and included in our consolidated financial statements are affected by foreign currency volatility. The effects of translating the financial statements of APC from its functional currency (Euros) into the Company’s reporting currency (US Dollars) are recognized as translation adjustments in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) which is net of tax, where applicable. When the US Dollar appreciates against the Euro, the reported assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and earnings of APC, after translation into US Dollars, are lower than what they would have been had the US Dollar depreciated against the Euro or if there had been no change in the exchange rates. During the six-month period ended July 31, 2016, the US Dollar depreciated against the Euro. The resulting other comprehensive net income for the period was approximately $0.1 million. We generally do not hedge our exposure to potential foreign currency translation adjustments.

Another form of exposure to fluctuating exchange rates relates to the effects of transacting in currencies other than those of our entity’s functional currencies. We do not engage in currency speculation, and we do not utilize foreign currency exchange rate derivatives on an ongoing basis to hedge against certain foreign currency related operating exposures. Net foreign currency transaction gains and losses were included in the other income, net, section of the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of earnings for the six months ended July 31, 2016; such amount was a net loss of $0.1 million.

In addition, we are subject to fluctuations in prices for commodities including copper, concrete, steel products and fuel. Although we attempt to secure firm quotes from our suppliers, we generally do not hedge against increases in prices for copper, concrete, steel and fuel. Commodity price risks may have an impact on our results of operations due to the fixed-price nature of many of our contracts. We attempt to include the anticipated amounts of price increases in the costs of our bids.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of July 31, 2016. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2016, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal controls over financial reporting. There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

During the second and fourth quarters of fiscal 2016, the Company acquired Atlantic Projects Company Limited and affiliates and The Roberts Company, respectively. The Company is currently in process of integrating both entities pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Company is evaluating changes to processes, information technology systems and other components of internal controls over financial reporting as part of its ongoing integration activities, and as a result, controls will be changed as needed. We have not yet determined whether the integration of these entities will result in a significant change to our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Included in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a discussion of specific legal proceedings for the six-month period ended July 31, 2016. In the normal course of business, the Company may have other pending claims and legal proceedings. It is our opinion, based on information available at this time, that any other current claim or proceeding will not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Our business, financial position and future results of operations may be impacted in a materially adverse manner by risks associated with the execution of our strategic plan and the creation of a profitable and cash-flow positive business in a period of weak recovery from a significant economic recession and major disruptions in the financial markets, our ability to obtain capital or to obtain capital on terms acceptable to us, the successful integration of acquired companies into our consolidated operations, our ability to successfully manage diverse operations remotely located, our ability to successfully compete in highly competitive industries, the successful resolution of ongoing litigation and disagreements with customers, our dependence upon key managers and employees and our ability to retain them, potential fluctuations in quarterly operating results and a series of risks associated with our power industry services business, among other risks.

Before investing in our securities, please consider these and other risks more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2016. There have been no material revisions to the risk factors that are described therein. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Our future results may also be impacted by other risk factors listed from time to time in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including, but not limited to, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and Annual Reports on Form 10-K. These documents are available free of charge from the SEC or from our corporate headquarters. Access to these documents is also available on our website. For more information about us and the announcements we make from time to time, you may visit our website at www.arganinc.com.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES (not applicable to us)

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Title
Exhibit 31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Exhibit 31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Exhibit 32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
Exhibit 32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
Exhibit 101.INS# |  | XBRL Instance Document
Exhibit 101.SCH# |  | XBRL Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL# |  | XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB# |  | XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE# |  | XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF# |  | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| ARGAN, INC.
September 7, 2016 | By: | /s/ Rainer H. Bosselmann
|  | Rainer H. Bosselmann
|  | Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

September 7, 2016 | By: | /s/ David H. Watson
|  | David H. Watson
|  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
|  | and Secretary

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