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DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies) | 6 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2023
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION |
Description of the Business | Description of the Business Argan, Inc. (“Argan”) conducts operations through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Gemma Power Systems, LLC and affiliates (“GPS”); The Roberts Company, Inc. (“TRC”); Atlantic Projects Company Limited and affiliates (“APC”) and Southern Maryland Cable, Inc. (“SMC”). Argan and these consolidated subsidiaries are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Company.” Through GPS and APC, the Company provides a full range of engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning, maintenance, project development, and technical consulting services to the power generation market. The wide range of customers includes primarily independent power producers, public utilities, power plant equipment suppliers and other commercial firms with significant power requirements with customer projects located in the United States (the “U.S.”), the Republic of Ireland (“Ireland”) and the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”). GPS and APC represent the Company’s power industry services reportable segment. Through TRC, the industrial construction services reportable segment provides on-site services that support new plant construction and additions, maintenance turnarounds, shutdowns and emergency mobilizations for industrial operations primarily located in the Southeast region of the U.S. and that may include the fabrication, delivery and installation of steel components such as piping systems and pressure vessels. Through SMC, which conducts business as SMC Infrastructure Solutions, the telecommunications infrastructure services segment provides project management, construction, installation and maintenance services to commercial, local government and federal government customers primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Argan, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity (“VIE”) prior to its deconsolidation in the fourth quarter of the year ended January 31, 2023. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In Note 14, the Company has provided certain financial information relating to the operating results and assets of its reportable segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company’s financial reporting for purposes of making internal operating decisions. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31 each year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of earnings and stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2023 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report thereon, that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 (“Fiscal 2023”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2023, and its earnings and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (“ASU 2023-02”), which provides an election to account for tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial cost of an investment is amortized in proportion to the amount of the tax credits and other tax benefits received and presented net as a component of income tax expense. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company’s investments in energy tax credit structures entered into prior to Fiscal 2023 do not qualify for the proportional amortization method under this guidance. There are no other recently issued accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted that the Company considers material to its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Available-For-Sale Securities | Available-For-Sale Securities At each balance sheet date, available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Interest income, accretion of discounts, amortization of premiums, realized gains and losses are included in other income or expense, as applicable, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of earnings. The Company determines the cost of securities sold based on the specific identification method. The Company determines the appropriate classification of AFS securities based on whether they represent the investment of cash available for current operations, as defined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 210-10-45-1 and ASC 210-10-45-2. The classification of the AFS securities is reevaluated at each balance sheet date. The Company evaluates whether a decline in the fair value of AFS securities below amortized cost basis is credit-related or due to other factors. If the Company intends to sell the AFS security or it is more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the AFS security before recovery, impairment is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. If a portion of the unrealized loss is credit-related, the impairment is recorded as an allowance on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Credit recovery is recorded as an adjustment to the allowance and earnings in the period in which credit conditions improve.
Fair Values | Fair Values ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 – Inputs are unobservable inputs based on a company’s own assumptions. At July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, certain amounts of cash equivalents were invested in a money market fund with net assets invested in high-quality money market instruments. The money market fund was classified as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and as their fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. As of July 31, 2023, all of the Company’s available-for-sale securities were U.S. Treasury notes and were classified as Level 2, as their fair value is measured based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets. As of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, the Company did not have any financial assets measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. The carrying value amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the Company’s other current assets, including cash, certificates of deposit (“CDs”), accounts receivable and contract assets, and its current liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values due to the short-term nature of these items. The following table shows the Company’s financial instruments as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023 that are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | July 31, 2023 | ​ | January 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | Level 2 | ​ | Level 3 | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | Level 2 | ​ | Level 3
​ |  | Inputs |  | Inputs | ​ | Inputs |  | Inputs | ​ | Inputs |  | Inputs
Money market fund | ​ | $ | 127,064 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 68,647 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
Available-for-sale securities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 59,992 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Totals | ​ | $ | 127,064 | ​ | $ | 59,992 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 68,647 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
Treasury Stock | Treasury Stock Treasury stock is recorded using the cost method. Incremental direct costs to purchase treasury stock, including excise tax, are included in the cost of the shares acquired. The Company uses the average cost method to account for treasury stock. For treasury stock provided for settlements or sold at a price higher than its cost, the gain is recorded to additional paid-in capital. For treasury stock provided for settlements or sold at a price lower than its cost, the loss is recorded to additional paid-in capital to the extent there are previous net gains included in additional paid-in capital. Any losses in excess of that amount are recorded to retained earnings.

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