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Stock-Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Deferred Compensation Arrangements [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | -BASED COMPENSATION We recognize stock-based compensation for all stock options granted over the requisite service period using the fair value of these grants as estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. All restricted stock granted (if any) is recognized over the requisite service period using the market value of our publicly-traded common stock on the date of grant. Stock-Based Compensation Plans The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (“the Committee”) has the authority to select the participants to be granted options; to designate whether the option granted is an incentive stock option (“ISO”), a non-qualified option, or a stock appreciation right; to establish the number of shares of common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the option; to establish the vesting provision for any award; and to establish the term any award may be outstanding. The exercise price of any ISO’s granted will not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date granted, and the term of an ISO may not be more than ten years. The exercise price of any non-qualified options granted will not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date granted unless so determined by the Committee. In May 2012, our stockholders approved the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (“the 2012 Plan”) pursuant to which 1,500,000 shares of our common stock were made available to grant as stock-based payments to employees, officers, directors or consultants. Through a vote of our shareholders on May 7, 2015, we increased the maximum number of shares under the plan from 1,500,000 shares to 3,000,000 shares; increased the automatic annual grant to non-employee directors from 15,000 shares to 20,000 shares; and limited the Company’s ability to re-issue shares under the Plan. Through a second amendment approved on May 4, 2018, our shareholders voted to increase the maximum number of shares under the plan to 3,500,000 and to increase the automatic annual grant to non-employee directors to 25,000. The individual restricted stock and option grant awards may vest over periods up to five years. The term of the options under the 2012 Plan is up to ten years from the date of grant. As of September 30, 2019, there were 319,669 shares available for future grants under the 2012 Plan. On May 3, 2019, our stockholders approved the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (“the 2019 Plan”) pursuant to which 3,000,000 shares of our common stock were made available to grant as stock-based payments to employees, officers, directors or consultants. The individual option grant awards may vest over periods up to five years. The term of the options under the 2019 Plan is up to ten years from the date of grant. Compensation expense is only recognized for the awards that ultimately vest. Accordingly, pre-vesting forfeitures that were not expected will result in the reversal of previously recorded compensation expense. Non-cash compensation expense reported for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $477,000 and $337,000, respectively and is included in general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Non-cash compensation expense reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $2,955,000 and $2,131,000, respectively and is included in general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. At September 30, 2019, we had, net of expected forfeitures, $1,345,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options which is expected to be expensed over the following periods: 2019 - $477,000, 2020 - $776,000 and 2021 - $92,000. The weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $6.17 and $4.49, respectively. The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
| 2019 |  | 2018
Dividend yield | 5.5% |  | 6.5%
Expected volatility | 18.6% |  | 19.4%
Expected lives | 2.9 years |  | 2.9 years
Risk-free interest rate | 2.50% |  | 2.39%
The following table summarizes our outstanding stock options:
| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Options outstanding January 1, | 920,346 |  |  | 859,182 |
Options granted under 2012 Plan | 602,000 |  |  | 560,000 |
Options exercised under 2012 Plan | (431,993 | ) |  | (241,669 | )
Options forfeited under 2012 Plan | — |  |  | (30,001 | )
Options exercised under 2005 Plan | — |  |  | (6,668 | )
Options outstanding, September 30, | 1,090,353 |  |  | 1,140,844 |
Exercisable at September 30, | 599,834 |  |  | 697,490 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 + Details
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